Patriots players laud Mike Vrabel for setting 'standard' for Super Bowl turnaround https://www.nfl.com/news/patriots-players-laud-mike-vrabel-for-setting-standard-for-super-bowl-turnaround
#TIL about Benford's law where for some data sets of numbers, the first digit is usually 1 and rarely 9 (with descending probability in between). It's especially common in data sets following the power law (which is common in nature).
Seems a useful consideration when generating random numbers shown directly to players (like a multiple choice) -- even if they're unfamiliar, …
Equilibria: Fair Multi-Tenant CXL Memory Tiering At Scale
Kaiyang Zhao, Neha Gholkar, Hasan Maruf, Abhishek Dhanotia, Johannes Weiner, Gregory Price, Ning Sun, Bhavya Dwivedi, Stuart Clark, Dimitrios Skarlatos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08800 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.08800 https://arxiv.org/html/2602.08800
arXiv:2602.08800v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Memory dominates datacenter system cost and power. Memory expansion via Compute Express Link (CXL) is an effective way to provide additional memory at lower cost and power, but its effective use requires software-level tiering for hyperscaler workloads. Existing tiering solutions, including current Linux support, face fundamental limitations in production deployments. First, they lack multi-tenancy support, failing to handle stacked homogeneous or heterogeneous workloads. Second, limited control-plane flexibility leads to fairness violations and performance variability. Finally, insufficient observability prevents operators from diagnosing performance pathologies at scale.
We present Equilibria, an OS framework enabling fair, multi-tenant CXL tiering at datacenter scale. Equilibria provides per-container controls for memory fair-share allocation and fine-grained observability of tiered-memory usage and operations. It further enforces flexible, user-specified fairness policies through regulated promotion and demotion, and mitigates noisy-neighbor interference by suppressing thrashing.
Evaluated in a large hyperscaler fleet using production workloads and benchmarks, Equilibria helps workloads meet service level objectives (SLOs) while avoiding performance interference. It improves performance over the state-of-the-art Linux solution, TPP, by up to 52% for production workloads and 1.7x for benchmarks. All Equilibria patches have been released to the Linux community.
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