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Energy minimization for skyrmions on planar thin films
Giovanni Di Fratta, Michael Innerberger, Dirk Praetorius, Valeriy Slastikov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23495 https://

Energy minimization for skyrmions on planar thin films
We consider an energy functional that arises in micromagnetic and liquid crystal theory on thin films. In particular, our energy comprises a non-convex term that models anti-symmetric exchange as well as an anisotropy term. We devise an algorithm for energy minimization in the continuous case and show weak convergence of a subsequence towards a solution of the corresponding Euler--Lagrange equation. Furthermore, an algorithm for numerical energy minimization is presented. We show empirically th…

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of Cu-doped NiO films synthesized by spray pyrolysis for potential gas sensing applications
Eka Nurfani, Grace Grace, Mahardika Yoga Darmawan, Resti Marlina, Jumaeda Jatmika, Asnan Rinovian, Aditya Rianjanu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24197

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of Cu-doped NiO films synthesized by spray pyrolysis for potential gas sensing applications
Cu-doped NiO thin films were deposited on ITO substrates via spray pyrolysis at 450 °C for 1.5 minutes. XRD confirmed a cubic NiO structure, with Cu incorporation reducing crystallite size, increasing interplanar spacing, and expanding the lattice parameter, indicating successful substitution of Cu ions. Optical analysis showed a slight bandgap reduction from 3.70 to 3.65 eV, while PL revealed lower emission intensity, suggesting enhanced defect states and suppressed carrier recombination. Ram…

We distinguish "personal unfairness",
-- the view that one’s own economic situation is unfair,
from "social unfairness",
-- the view that the economic situation of others in society is unfair.
Uncertainties associated with the transition to a globalized knowledge economy heighten people’s feelings of personal unfairness
Feelings of personal unfairness increase support for the "populist right"
and feelings about social unfairn…

Left-Wing Populism vs. Right-Wing Populism - What's the Difference? | This vs. That
What's the difference between Left-Wing Populism and Right-Wing Populism? Left-wing populism and right-wing populism are both political movements that aim to...

GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star
Eliza Neights, Eric Burns, Chris L. Fryer, Dmitry Svinkin, Suman Bala, Rachel Hamburg, Ramandeep Gill, Michela Negro, Megan Masterson, James DeLaunay, David J. Lawrence, Sophie E. D. Abrahams, Yuta Kawakubo, Paz Beniamini, Christian Aa. Diget, Dmitry Frederiks, John Goldsten, Adam Goldstein, Alexander D. Hall-Smith, Erin Kara, Alison M. Laird, Gavin P. Lamb, Oliver J. Roberts, Ryan Seeb, V. Ashley Villar,…

GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star
Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous electromagnetic events in the universe. Their prompt gamma-ray emission has typical durations between a fraction of a second and several minutes. A rare subset of these events have durations in excess of a thousand seconds, referred to as ultra-long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we report the discovery of the longest gamma-ray burst ever seen with a ~25,000 s gamma-ray duration, GRB 250702B, and characterize this event using data from four instruments in the Int…

Anisotropy by design in superconducting Nb thin films via ultrashort pulse laser irradiation
Javier Frechilla (Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\'on), Nicolas Lejeune (D\'epartement de Physique, Q-MAT, CESAM, Universit\'e de Li\`ege, B-4000, Belgium), Elena Mart\'inez (Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\'on), Emile Fourneau (D\'epartement de Physique, Q-MAT, CESAM, Universit\'e de Li\`ege, B-4000, Belgium), Alejandro Frechilla (Institu…

Anisotropy by design in superconducting Nb thin films via ultrashort pulse laser irradiation
The ability to fabricate anisotropic superconducting layers a la carte is desired in technologies such as fluxon screening or removal in field-resilient devices, flux lensing in ultra-sensitive sensors, or in templates for imprinting magnetic structures in hybrid magnetic/superconducting multilayers. In this work, we demonstrate tailored superconductivity in polycrystalline niobium thin films exposed to femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses. The samples exhibit significant changes in their super…

Persistent Autoregressive Mapping with Traffic Rules for Autonomous Driving
Shiyi Liang, Xinyuan Chang, Changjie Wu, Huiyuan Yan, Yifan Bai, Xinran Liu, Hang Zhang, Yujian Yuan, Shuang Zeng, Mu Xu, Xing Wei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22756

Persistent Autoregressive Mapping with Traffic Rules for Autonomous Driving
Safe autonomous driving requires both accurate HD map construction and persistent awareness of traffic rules, even when their associated signs are no longer visible. However, existing methods either focus solely on geometric elements or treat rules as temporary classifications, failing to capture their persistent effectiveness across extended driving sequences. In this paper, we present PAMR (Persistent Autoregressive Mapping with Traffic Rules), a novel framework that performs autoregressive c…

Accelerating Dynamic Image Graph Construction on FPGA for Vision GNNs
Anvitha Ramachandran, Dhruv Parikh, Viktor Prasanna
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25121 https://

Accelerating Dynamic Image Graph Construction on FPGA for Vision GNNs
Vision Graph Neural Networks (Vision GNNs, or ViGs) represent images as unstructured graphs, achieving state of the art performance in computer vision tasks such as image classification, object detection, and instance segmentation. Dynamic Image Graph Construction (DIGC) builds image graphs by connecting patches (nodes) based on feature similarity, and is dynamically repeated in each ViG layer following GNN based patch (node) feature updates. However, DIGC constitutes over 50% of end to end ViG…

Effective equidistribution, arithmetic purity of strong approximation, and geometric sieve for affine quadrics
Yang Cao, Zhizhong Huang, Runlin Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23320

Effective equidistribution, arithmetic purity of strong approximation, and geometric sieve for affine quadrics
Let $k$ be a number field. Let $q(x_1,\cdots,x_n)$ be a non-degenerate integral quadratic form in $n\geq 3$ variables with coefficients in $k$ and $m\in k^\times$. Let $X$ be the affine quadric defined by $q=m$ in $\mathbb{A}^n_k$. Based on results on effective equidistribution of $S$-integral points in symmetric spaces, we establish the following: (i) The arithmetic purity of strong approximation off any single place of $k$ for $X$; (ii) The geometric sieve for $p_0$-integral points on $X$…

Strain-induced Dynamic Spin-Phonon Coupling in Epitaxial RuO2 Films
In Hyeok Choi, Seung Gyo Jeong2, Jae Hyuck Lee, San Kang, Sreejith Nair, Changyoung Kim, Dirk Wulferding, Bharat Jalan, Jong Seok Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23969

Strain-induced Dynamic Spin-Phonon Coupling in Epitaxial RuO2 Films
Magnetic order parameters in altermagnets can couple to quantized lattice vibration via both piezomagnetic and magnetoelastic effects, leading to the renormalization of phonon dispersion. Here, we demonstrate photo-induced dynamic frequency modulation of THz phonons excited in anisotropically-strained epitaxial RuO2 thin films using ultrafast coherent phonon spectroscopy and time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurement. A coherent oscillation of a transverse acoustic phonon appears in th…

Fabrication of oxide/FeSe multilayer films using the PLD technique
Tomoki Kobayashi, Hiroki Nakagawa, Ryo Ogawa, Atsutaka Maeda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23591 https://

Fabrication of oxide/FeSe multilayer films using the PLD technique
In this study, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of TiO2/FeSe/STO and TiO2/FeSe/LaAlO3 heterostructures using PLD. When the growth rates were sufficiently low, anatase TiO2, which has been reported to induce superconductivity in FeSe, could be grown epitaxially on FeSe. For TiO2/FeSe/STO, the FeSe/TiO2 interface was relatively clean, as confirmed by the observation of Laue fringes in FeSe(001) reflection. Although a thinner FeSe layer is expected to enhance Tc, our results instead sugge…