Tootfinder

Event Tokenization and Next-Token Prediction for Anomaly Detection at the Large Hadron Collider
Ambre Visive (Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Nikhef, Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Polina Moskvitina (High Energy Physics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nikhef, Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Clara Nellist (Institute of Physics, University …

Event Tokenization and Next-Token Prediction for Anomaly Detection at the Large Hadron Collider
We propose a novel use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as unsupervised anomaly detectors in particle physics. Using lightweight LLM-like networks with encoder-based architectures trained to reconstruct background events via masked-token prediction, our method identifies anomalies through deviations in reconstruction performance, without prior knowledge of signal characteristics. Applied to searches for simultaneous four-top-quark production, this token-based approach shows competitive performan…