Just found a unique spammy / cloaking result on Kagi's search engine to a web page published in the last week. It is identical to the same unique result on Google. It does not exist on Bing. I take this as evidence Kagi search sometimes uses Google search. (Unfortunately can't share the search, it's a little private.)
I'm slowly changing my email address at every service I use. I've found three results:
That third one's a real mess.