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Ultra-small Mode Volume Polariton Condensation via Precision $He^ $ Ion Implantation
Y. C. Balas, X. Zhou, E. Cherotchenko, I. Kuznetsov, S. K. Rajendran, G. G. Paschos, A. V. Trifonov, A. Nalitov, H. Ohadi, P. G. Savvidis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22202

Ultra-small Mode Volume Polariton Condensation via Precision $He^+$ Ion Implantation
We present a novel method for generating potential landscapes in GaAs microcavities through focused $He^{+}$ implantation. The ion beam imprints micron-scale patterns of non-radiative centers that deplete the exciton reservoir and form a loss-defined potential minimum. Under non-resonant pumping, the resulting traps have a lateral size $\le 1.2 ~\mathrm{μm}$ and a three-dimensional mode volume of only $\approx 0.6 ~ \mathrm{μm^3}$, small enough to to support a single polariton condensate mode…