Tootfinder

FAFO: Over 1 million TPS on a single node running EVM while still Merkleizing every block
Ryan Zarick, Isaac Zhang, Daniel Wong, Thomas Kim, Bryan Pellegrino, Mignon Li, Kelvin Wong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10757

FAFO: Over 1 million TPS on a single node running EVM while still Merkleizing every block
Current blockchain execution throughput is limited by data contention, reducing execution layer parallelism. Fast Ahead-of-Formation Optimization (FAFO) is the first blockchain transaction scheduler to address this problem by reordering transactions before block formation for maximum concurrency. FAFO uses CPU-optimized cache-friendly Bloom filters to efficiently detect conflicts and schedule parallel transaction execution at high throughput and low overhead. We integrate the Rust EVM client …