Tootfinder

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23585 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csLG_…

On-Policy RL with Optimal Reward Baseline
Reinforcement learning algorithms are fundamental to align large language models with human preferences and to enhance their reasoning capabilities. However, current reinforcement learning algorithms often suffer from training instability due to loose on-policy constraints and computational inefficiency due to auxiliary models. In this work, we propose On-Policy RL with Optimal reward baseline (OPO), a novel and simplified reinforcement learning algorithm designed to address these challenges. O…

Flying Co-Stereo: Enabling Long-Range Aerial Dense Mapping via Collaborative Stereo Vision of Dynamic-Baseline
Zhaoying Wang, Xingxing Zuo, Wei Dong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00546

Flying Co-Stereo: Enabling Long-Range Aerial Dense Mapping via Collaborative Stereo Vision of Dynamic-Baseline
Lightweight long-range mapping is critical for safe navigation of UAV swarms in large-scale unknown environments. Traditional stereo vision systems with fixed short baselines face limited perception ranges. To address this, we propose Flying Co-Stereo, a cross-agent collaborative stereo vision system that leverages the wide-baseline spatial configuration of two UAVs for long-range dense mapping. Key innovations include: (1) a dual-spectrum visual-inertial-ranging estimator for robust baseline e…

A novel approach for the direct estimation of the instantaneous Earth rotation velocity
Oleg Titov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04643 https://

A novel approach for the direct estimation of the instantaneous Earth rotation velocity
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measures two standard observables: group delay and fringe frequency (delay rate). While group delay is widely used to estimate a broad range of geodetic and astrometric parameters, fringe frequency has, to date, been largely ignored. Here, we show that the fringe frequency is a unique tool for direct estimation of the instantaneous Earth angular rotation velocity, which is not accessible with the group delay alone. We estimate the magnitude of the Earth …

Initial VLT/MUSE spectroscopy of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS
Cyrielle Opitom, Colin Snodgrass, Emmanuel Jehin, Michele T. Bannister, Erica Bufanda, Sophie E. Deam, Rosemary Dorsey, Marin Ferrais, Said Hmiddouch, Matthew M. Knight, Rosita Kokotanekova, Brayden Leicester, Micha\"el Marsset, Brian Murphy, Vincent Okoth, Ryan Ridden-Harper, Mathieu Vander Donckt, L\'ea Ferellec, Damien Hutsemekers, Manuela Lippi, Jean Manfroid, Zouhair Benkhaldoun

Initial VLT/MUSE spectroscopy of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS
The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is only the third interstellar object to be discovered. Pre-perihelion measurements provide a unique opportunity to study its activity and composition, which may alter as it is heated in the coming months. We provide an initial baseline from optical spectroscopic observations obtained only two days after discovery, using the MUSE instrument on the VLT on 2025 July 3, while 3I was at 4.47 au from the Sun and 3.46 au from the Earth. These observations confirm the c…

Electromagnetic energy calibration of the SoLid detector with horizontal muons
SoLid collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05180 https://

Electromagnetic energy calibration of the SoLid detector with horizontal muons
SoLid is a neutrino experiment at very-short baseline searching for active-to-sterile oscillations of reactor antineutrinos. The detection principle is based on the pairing of two types of solid scintillators: polyvinyl toluene and $^6$Li:ZnS(Ag), which is a new technology used in this field of Physics. In addition to good neutron-gamma discrimination, this setup allows the detector to be highly segmented; the basic detection unit is a 5 cm cube. High segmentation provides numerous advantages i…

Scintillation Properties of PSR B1133 16 Measured with Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Ashley M. Stock, Fardin Syed, Marten H. van Kerkwijk, Rebecca Lin, Franz Kirsten, Ue-Li Pen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02165

Scintillation Properties of PSR B1133+16 Measured with Very Long Baseline Interferometry
The scintillation of pulsars reveals small-scale structure of the interstellar medium. A powerful technique for characterizing the scintillating structures (screens) combines analysis of scintillation arcs and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). We present the results of a VLBI analysis of the scintillation arcs of PSR B1133+16 from simultaneous observations with Arecibo, VLA, Jodrell Bank, Effelsberg, and Westerbork. Three arcs appear in the data set, all of which appear consistent…

MPF: Aligning and Debiasing Language Models post Deployment via Multi Perspective Fusion
Xin Guan, PeiHsin Lin, Zekun Wu, Ze Wang, Ruibo Zhang, Emre Kazim, Adriano Koshiyama
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02595

MPF: Aligning and Debiasing Language Models post Deployment via Multi Perspective Fusion
Multiperspective Fusion (MPF) is a novel posttraining alignment framework for large language models (LLMs) developed in response to the growing need for easy bias mitigation. Built on top of the SAGED pipeline, an automated system for constructing bias benchmarks and extracting interpretable baseline distributions, MPF leverages multiperspective generations to expose and align biases in LLM outputs with nuanced, humanlike baselines. By decomposing baseline, such as sentiment distributions from …

Efficient Gibbs Sampling in Cox Regression Models Using Composite Partial Likelihood and P\'olya-Gamma Augmentation
Shu Tamano, Yui Tomo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04675

Efficient Gibbs Sampling in Cox Regression Models Using Composite Partial Likelihood and Pólya-Gamma Augmentation
The Cox regression model and its Bayesian extensions are widely used in survival analysis. However, standard Bayesian approaches require modeling of the baseline hazard, and their full conditional distributions lack closed-form expressions. Therefore, the Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm is typically employed, whose efficiency is highly sensitive to the choice of proposal distribution. To address these issues, we propose the GS4Cox, an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm for the Cox regres…

Cowboys trade acquisition baseline for 8 young players whose development could alter NFL https://cowboyswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/cowboys/2025/06/01/cowboys-wr-george-pickens-development-nfl/83977098007…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18284 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_sta…

Nested Expectations with Kernel Quadrature
This paper considers the challenging computational task of estimating nested expectations. Existing algorithms, such as nested Monte Carlo or multilevel Monte Carlo, are known to be consistent but require a large number of samples at both inner and outer levels to converge. Instead, we propose a novel estimator consisting of nested kernel quadrature estimators and we prove that it has a faster convergence rate than all baseline methods when the integrands have sufficient smoothness. We then dem…

JD Vance is being lambasted for dismissing social safety net rollbacks under the Trump tax bill currently making its way through Congress.
On Monday night, Vance attempted to rally support for the bill in a post on X, writing,
“Everything else—the CBO score [the Congressional Budget Office cost estimate], the proper baseline, the minutiae of the Medicaid policy—is immaterial compared to the ICE money and immigration enforcement provisions.”
Many were rubbed the wrong way by…

Vance Says It Doesn’t Matter How Many People Lose Medicaid in Budget
JD Vance is being slammed after a twisted post on the costs of Republicans’ budget bill.

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00100 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csCY_…

Children's Voice Privacy: First Steps And Emerging Challenges
Children are one of the most under-represented groups in speech technologies, as well as one of the most vulnerable in terms of privacy. Despite this, anonymization techniques targeting this population have received little attention. In this study, we seek to bridge this gap, and establish a baseline for the use of voice anonymization techniques designed for adult speech when applied to children's voices. Such an evaluation is essential, as children's speech presents a distinct set of challenge…

Dynamical mass of the Serpens intermediate-mass young stellar system EC\,95 with DYNAMO--VLBA
Jazm\'in Ord\'o\~nez-Toro (Instituto de Radioastronom\'ia y Astrof\'isica, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, M\'exico), Sergio A. Dzib (Max Planck Institut f\"ur Radioastronomie, Germany), Laurent Loinard (Instituto de Radioastronom\'ia y Astrof\'isica, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, M\'exico, Black Hole Initiative a…

Dynamical mass of the Serpens intermediate-mass young stellar system EC\,95 with DYNAMO--VLBA
We present dynamical mass measurements, obtained from multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations, for the young multiple stellar system EC\,95, located in the core of the Serpens star-forming region. Our dataset includes both archival data and more recent observations obtained as part of the \textit{Dynamical Masses of Young Stellar Multiple Systems with the VLBA project} (DYNAMO--VLBA), totalling 32 epochs over 12 years of observation. The observations span more than hal…

A Comparative Study of NAFNet Baselines for Image Restoration
Vladislav Esaulov, M. Moein Esfahani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19845 https://

A Comparative Study of NAFNet Baselines for Image Restoration
We study NAFNet (Nonlinear Activation Free Network), a simple and efficient deep learning baseline for image restoration. By using CIFAR10 images corrupted with noise and blur, we conduct an ablation study of NAFNet's core components. Our baseline model implements SimpleGate activation, Simplified Channel Activation (SCA), and LayerNormalization. We compare this baseline to different variants that replace or remove components. Quantitative results (PSNR, SSIM) and examples illustrate how each m…

After training, we finetune on real-world data. We observe that the models that have been pre-trained with noise converge very quickly compared to a baseline which is trained from scratch.
Moreover, on the other datasets, the UP models retain their zero-shot performance during finetuning. This suggests that there may be a generalization benefit to using a UP model.
All this is at the expense of much longer training, but that cost can be amortized over many tasks.

Conformer-based Ultrasound-to-Speech Conversion
Ibrahim Ibrahimov, Zaink\'o Csaba, G\'abor Gosztolya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03831 https://

Conformer-based Ultrasound-to-Speech Conversion
Deep neural networks have shown promising potential for ultrasound-to-speech conversion task towards Silent Speech Interfaces. In this work, we applied two Conformer-based DNN architectures (Base and one with bi-LSTM) for this task. Speaker-specific models were trained on the data of four speakers from the Ultrasuite-Tal80 dataset, while the generated mel spectrograms were synthesized to audio waveform using a HiFi-GAN vocoder. Compared to a standard 2D-CNN baseline, objective measurements (MSE…

Evaluating Language Models For Threat Detection in IoT Security Logs
Jorge J. Tejero-Fern\'andez, Alfonso S\'anchez-Maci\'an
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02390

Evaluating Language Models For Threat Detection in IoT Security Logs
Log analysis is a relevant research field in cybersecurity as they can provide a source of information for the detection of threats to networks and systems. This paper presents a pipeline to use fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) for anomaly detection and mitigation recommendation using IoT security logs. Utilizing classical machine learning classifiers as a baseline, three open-source LLMs are compared for binary and multiclass anomaly detection, with three strategies: zero-shot, few-shot…

Time-Masked Transformers with Lightweight Test-Time Adaptation for Neural Speech Decoding
Ebrahim Feghhi, Shreyas Kaasyap, Nima Hadidi, Jonathan C. Kao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02800

Time-Masked Transformers with Lightweight Test-Time Adaptation for Neural Speech Decoding
Speech neuroprostheses aim to restore communication for people with severe paralysis by decoding speech directly from neural activity. To accelerate algorithmic progress, a recent benchmark released intracranial recordings from a paralyzed participant attempting to speak, along with a baseline decoding algorithm. Prior work on the benchmark showed impressive accuracy gains. However, these gains increased computational costs and were not demonstrated in a real-time decoding setting. Here, we mak…

A Relativistic Jet in the Radio Quiet AGN Mrk 110
Ailing Wang, Tao An, Kenneth I. Kellermann, Hua Feng, Emmanuel K. Bempong-Manful, Roland Timmerman, Shaoguang Guo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03970

A Relativistic Jet in the Radio Quiet AGN Mrk 110
We report the discovery of a relativistic jet in Mrk~110, a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy historically classified as a radio-quiet active galactic nucleus (AGN). Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations reveal intermittent jet activity during 2015--2016 and 2022--2024, with proper motion measurements yielding superluminal velocities of $\sim3.6\pm0.6\,c$ and $\sim2.1\pm0.2\,c$, respectively. The recent jet component decelerates to $\sim 1.5\pm0.2\,c$ at a projected distance of 1.1 p…

Estimated Budgetary Effects of an Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, Relative to the Budget Enforcement Baseline for Consideration in the Senate (CBO Publications)
https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61533
http://www.memeorandum.com/250629/p2#a250629p2

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00691 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csLG_…

Optimizing Sensory Neurons: Nonlinear Attention Mechanisms for Accelerated Convergence in Permutation-Invariant Neural Networks for Reinforcement Learning
Training reinforcement learning (RL) agents often requires significant computational resources and extended training times. To address this, we build upon the foundation laid by Google Brain's Sensory Neuron, which introduced a novel neural architecture for reinforcement learning tasks that maintained permutation in-variance in the sensory neuron system. While the baseline model demonstrated significant performance improvements over traditional approaches, we identified opportunities to enhance…

Testing T2K's Bayesian constraints with priors in alternate parameterisations
Collaboration, Abe, Abe, Akutsu, Alarakia-Charles, Hakim, Monsalve, Anthony, Aoki, Apte, Arai, Arihara, Arimoto, Ashida, Atkin, Babu, Baranov, Barker, Barr, Barrow, Bates, Bathe-Peters, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, Baudis, Berardi, Berns, Bhattacharjee, Blanchet, Blondel, Boistier, Bolognesi, Bordoni, Boyd, Bronner, Bubak, Avanzini, Caballero, Cadoux, Calabria, Cao, Cap, Carabadjac, Cartwright, Casado, Catanesi, …

Testing T2K's Bayesian constraints with priors in alternate parameterisations
Bayesian analysis results require a choice of prior distribution. In long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, the usual parameterisation of the mixing matrix induces a prior that privileges certain neutrino mass and flavour state symmetries. Here we study the effect of privileging alternate symmetries on the results of the T2K experiment. We find that constraints on the level of CP violation (as given by the Jarlskog invariant) are robust under the choices of prior considered in the analysis…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00306 has been replaced.
link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=a

A blockchain-based intelligent recommender system framework for enhancing supply chain resilience
This research proposed a data-driven supply chain disruption response baseline framework based on intelligent recommender system technology as an initial SCRes reactive solution. To improve the data quality and reliability of the proposed IRS as a stable, secure, and resilient decision support system, blockchain technology is integrated into the baseline architecture. The smart contract is prototyped to demonstrate the information exchange mechanism under a BLC network environment. The BLC-IRS …

All You Need Is Binary Search! A Practical View on Lightweight Database Indexing on GPUs
Justus Henneberg, Felix Schuhknecht
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01576

All You Need Is Binary Search! A Practical View on Lightweight Database Indexing on GPUs
Performing binary search on a sorted dense array is a widely used baseline when benchmarking sophisticated index structures: It is simple, fast to build, and indexes the dataset with minimal memory footprint. However, the popular opinion is that it cannot compete with sophisticated indexes in terms of lookup performance, and hence, should not actually be considered in practice. Interestingly, in our recent works on (even more sophisticated) GPU-resident index structures, we observed the surpr…

"establish a baseline rhythm" I said. "It's easy I said."
browsers: <fieldset>
<ruby>
<select multiple>

Neural Network-based Information-Theoretic Transceivers for High-Order Modulation Schemes
Ngoc Long Pham, Tri Nhu Do
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00368 https…

Neural Network-based Information-Theoretic Transceivers for High-Order Modulation Schemes
Neural network (NN)-based end-to-end (E2E) communication systems, in which each system component may consist of a portion of a neural network, have been investigated as potential tools for developing artificial intelligence (Al)-native E2E systems. In this paper, we propose an NN-based bitwise receiver that improves computational efficiency while maintaining performance comparable to baseline demappers. Building on this foundation, we introduce a novel symbol-wise autoencoder (AE)-based E2E sys…

A non-local estimator for locally stationary Hawkes processes
Thomas Deschatre, Pierre Gruet, Antoine Lotz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02631 https://…

A non-local estimator for locally stationary Hawkes processes
We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a non-stationary Hawkes process with time-dependent reproduction rate and baseline intensity. Our approach relies on the standard maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), coinciding with the conventional approach for stationary point processes characterised by [Ogata, 1978]. In the fully parametric setting, we find that the MLE over a single observation of the process over $[0, T]$ remains consistent and asymptotically normal as $T \to \infty$.…

Physics-Informed Neural ODEs for Temporal Dynamics Modeling in Cardiac T1 Mapping
Nuno Capit\~ao, Yi Zhang, Yidong Zhao, Qian Tao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00613

Physics-Informed Neural ODEs for Temporal Dynamics Modeling in Cardiac T1 Mapping
Spin-lattice relaxation time ($T_1$) is an important biomarker in cardiac parametric mapping for characterizing myocardial tissue and diagnosing cardiomyopathies. Conventional Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) acquires 11 breath-hold baseline images with interleaved rest periods to ensure mapping accuracy. However, prolonged scanning can be challenging for patients with poor breathholds, often leading to motion artifacts that degrade image quality. In addition, $T_1$ mapping requi…

Seeing Through Green: Text-Based Classification and the Firm's Returns from Green Patents
Lapo Santarlasci, Armando Rungi, Antonio Zinilli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02287

Seeing Through Green: Text-Based Classification and the Firm's Returns from Green Patents
This paper introduces Natural Language Processing for identifying ``true'' green patents from official supporting documents. We start our training on about 12.4 million patents that had been classified as green from previous literature. Thus, we train a simple neural network to enlarge a baseline dictionary through vector representations of expressions related to environmental technologies. After testing, we find that ``true'' green patents represent about 20\% of the total of patents classifie…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03117 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csHC_…

Do ATCOs Need Explanations, and Why? Towards ATCO-Centered Explainable AI for Conflict Resolution Advisories
Interest in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is surging. Prior research has primarily focused on systems' ability to generate explanations, often guided by researchers' intuitions rather than end-users' needs. Unfortunately, such approaches have not yielded favorable outcomes when compared to a black-box baseline (i.e., no explanation). To address this gap, this paper advocates a human-centered approach that shifts focus to air traffic controllers (ATCOs) by asking a fundamental yet ov…

DCN^2: Interplay of Implicit Collision Weights and Explicit Cross Layers for Large-Scale Recommendation
Bla\v{z} \v{S}krlj, Yonatan Karni, Grega Ga\v{s}per\v{s}i\v{c}, Bla\v{z} Mramor, Yulia Stolin, Martin Jakomin, Jasna Urban\v{c}i\v{c}, Yuval Dishi, Natalia Silberstein, Ophir Friedler, Assaf Klein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21…

DCN^2: Interplay of Implicit Collision Weights and Explicit Cross Layers for Large-Scale Recommendation
The Deep and Cross architecture (DCNv2) is a robust production baseline and is integral to numerous real-life recommender systems. Its inherent efficiency and ability to model interactions often result in models that are both simpler and highly competitive compared to more computationally demanding alternatives, such as Deep FFMs. In this work, we introduce three significant algorithmic improvements to the DCNv2 architecture, detailing their formulation and behavior at scale. The enhanced archi…

🌡️ Global mercury levels in rivers have doubled since Industrial Revolution, research reveals
https://phys.org/news/2025-06-global-mercury-rivers-industrial-revolution.html

Global mercury levels in rivers have doubled since Industrial Revolution, research reveals
Mercury levels in the world's rivers have more than doubled since the pre-industrial era, according to new research from Tulane University that establishes the first known global baseline for riverine mercury pollution.

Initial simulation of Samtec ARC6 connector launch. No ground plane cutout so the diffpair impedance drops to about 65Ω at the connector so far.
That will have to change, of course, but I wanted a baseline for comparison.

Long-Term Astrometric Monitoring of the Galactic Center Magnetar PSR J1745--2900
Geoffrey C. Bower, Adam T. Deller, Paul B. Demorest, Jason Dexter, Andreas Brunthaler, Gregory Desvignes, Ralph P. Eatough, Heino Falcke, Ciriaco Goddi, Michael Kramer, F. Yusef-Zadeh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02348…

Long-Term Astrometric Monitoring of the Galactic Center Magnetar PSR J1745--2900
We present new astrometric observations of the Galactic Center magnetar, PSR J1745-2900, with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Combined with previously published measurements in 10 epochs that spanned 477 days, the complete data set consists of 25 epochs and 41 independent measurements that span 1984 days. These data constrain the proper motion to an accuracy of $\lesssim 2\%$ and set an upper limit on the absolute value of the magnetar's acceleration of $\lesssim (0.4, 0.2)\, {\rm mas\,y^{…

Variable Selection in Functional Linear Cox Model
Yuanzhen Yue, Stella Self, Yichao Wu, Jiajia Zhang, Rahul Ghosal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02524 https:/…

Variable Selection in Functional Linear Cox Model
Modern biomedical studies frequently collect complex, high-dimensional physiological signals using wearables and sensors along with time-to-event outcomes, making efficient variable selection methods crucial for interpretation and improving the accuracy of survival models. We propose a novel variable selection method for a functional linear Cox model with multiple functional and scalar covariates measured at baseline. We utilize a spline-based semiparametric estimation approach for the function…

Replaced article(s) found for nucl-ex. https://arxiv.org/list/nucl-ex/new
[1/1]:
- No-quenching baseline for energy loss signals in oxygen-oxygen collisions
Jannis Gebhard, Aleksas Mazeliauskas, Adam Takacs

Children's Voice Privacy: First Steps And Emerging Challenges
Ajinkya Kulkarni, Francisco Teixeira, Enno Hermann, Thomas Rolland, Isabel Trancoso, Mathew Magimai Doss
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00100

Children's Voice Privacy: First Steps And Emerging Challenges
Children are one of the most under-represented groups in speech technologies, as well as one of the most vulnerable in terms of privacy. Despite this, anonymization techniques targeting this population have received little attention. In this study, we seek to bridge this gap, and establish a baseline for the use of voice anonymization techniques designed for adult speech when applied to children's voices. Such an evaluation is essential, as children's speech presents a distinct set of challenge…

Steering Conceptual Bias via Transformer Latent-Subspace Activation
Vansh Sharma, Venkat Raman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18887 https://

Steering Conceptual Bias via Transformer Latent-Subspace Activation
This work examines whether activating latent subspaces in language models (LLMs) can steer scientific code generation toward a specific programming language. Five causal LLMs were first evaluated on scientific coding prompts to quantify their baseline bias among four programming languages. A static neuron-attribution method, perturbing the highest activated MLP weight for a C++ or CPP token, proved brittle and exhibited limited generalization across prompt styles and model scales. To address th…

A new paper projecting Joshua tree habitat under future climate based on incredibly high-resolution distribution data, from Joshua Tree Genome Project collaborators at USGS. They estimate up to 80% loss of suitable habitat by 2100 under the worst-case climate scenario.
#JoshuaTree #science

Updated baseline design for HALHF: the hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory
C. A. Lindstr{\o}m, E. Adli, J. B. B. Chen, P. Drobniak, E. E. H{\o}rlyk, D. Kalvik, K. N. Sjobak, T. Barklow, S. Gessner, M. Hogan, M. Berggren, A. Laudrain, B. List, J. List, V. Maslov, K. P\~oder, M. Th\'evenet, N. Walker, J. Wood, S. Boogert, P. N. Burrows, V. Cilento, R. D'Arcy, B. Foster, S. Farrington, X. Lu, G. Moortgat-Pick, A. Seryi

Updated baseline design for HALHF: the hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory
Particle physicists aim to construct a electron-positron Higgs factory as the next major particle collider. However, the high associated costs motivate the development of more affordable collider designs. Plasma-wakefield acceleration is a promising technology to this end. HALHF is a proposal for a Higgs factory that utilizes beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy with high gradient, while using radio-frequency acceleration to accelerate positrons to a …

Medical Image Segmentation Using Advanced Unet: VMSE-Unet and VM-Unet CBAM
Sayandeep Kanrar, Raja Piyush, Qaiser Razi, Debanshi Chakraborty, Vikas Hassija, GSS Chalapathi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00511

Medical Image Segmentation Using Advanced Unet: VMSE-Unet and VM-Unet CBAM+
In this paper, we present the VMSE U-Net and VM-Unet CBAM+ model, two cutting-edge deep learning architectures designed to enhance medical image segmentation. Our approach integrates Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) techniques into the traditional VM U-Net framework, significantly improving segmentation accuracy, feature localization, and computational efficiency. Both models show superior performance compared to the baseline VM-Unet across multiple da…

ML-based muon identification using a FNAL-NICADD scintillator chamber for the MID subsystem of ALICE 3
Jesus Eduardo Mu\~noz Mendez, Antonio Ortiz, Alom Antonio Paz Jimenez, Paola Vargas Torres, Ruben Alfaro Molina, Laura Helena Gonz\'alez Trueba, Varlen Grabski, Arturo Fernandez Tellez, Hector David Regules Medel, Mario Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Guillermo Tejeda Mu\~noz, Yael Antonio Vasquez Beltran, Juan Carlos Cabanillas Noris, Solangel Rojas Torres, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Daniel …

ML-based muon identification using a FNAL-NICADD scintillator chamber for the MID subsystem of ALICE 3
The ALICE Collaboration is planning to construct a new detector (ALICE 3) aiming at exploiting the potential of the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The new detector will allow ALICE to participate in LHC Run 5 scheduled from 2036 to 2041. The muon-identifier subsystem (MID) is part of the ALICE 3 reference detector layout. The MID will consist of a standard magnetic iron absorber ($\approx4$ nuclear interaction lengths) followed by muon chambers. The baseline option for the MID cha…

What a baseline! #totp

Multiple Object Tracking in Video SAR: A Benchmark and Tracking Baseline
Haoxiang Chen, Wei Zhao, Rufei Zhang, Nannan Li, Dongjin Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12105

Multiple Object Tracking in Video SAR: A Benchmark and Tracking Baseline
In the context of multi-object tracking using video synthetic aperture radar (Video SAR), Doppler shifts induced by target motion result in artifacts that are easily mistaken for shadows caused by static occlusions. Moreover, appearance changes of the target caused by Doppler mismatch may lead to association failures and disrupt trajectory continuity. A major limitation in this field is the lack of public benchmark datasets for standardized algorithm evaluation. To address the above challenges,…

Rules, agents and order
Amalia Puente, Diego Radillo-Ochoa, C. A. Terrero-Escalante
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23985 https://arxiv.or…

Rules, agents and order
Complex systems often exhibit highly structured network topologies that reflect functional constraints. In this work, we investigate how, under varying combinations of system-wide selection rules and special agents, different classes of random processes give rise to global order, with a focus restricted to finite-size networks. Using the large-$N$ Erdos-Renyi model as a null baseline, we contrast purely random link-adding processes with goal-directed dynamics, including variants of the chip-fir…

Transporting results from a trial to an external target population when trial participation impacts adherence
Rachael K. Ross, Ivan Diaz, Amy J. Pitts, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Kara E. Rudolph
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00157

Transporting results from a trial to an external target population when trial participation impacts adherence
Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for informing treatment guidelines, but results may not generalize to real-world populations. Generalizability is hindered by distributional differences in baseline covariates and treatment-outcome mediators. Approaches to address differences in covariates are well established, but approaches to address differences in mediators are more limited. Here we consider the setting where trial activities that differ from usual care settings (e…

The Blind Spot of BGP Anomaly Detection: Why LSTM Autoencoders Fail on Real-World Outages
Samuel Oluwafemi Adebayo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17821 https:/…

The Blind Spot of BGP Anomaly Detection: Why LSTM Autoencoders Fail on Real-World Outages
Deep learning has significant potential to make the Internet's Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) secure by detecting anomalous routing activity. However, all but a few of these approaches rely on the implicit assumption that anomalies manifest as noisy, high-complexity outliers from some normal baseline. This work challenges this assumption by investigating if a best-in-class detection model built on this assumption can effectively deal with real-world security events' diverse signatures. We employ…

Measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux over six seasons using cascade events from the Baikal-GVD expanding telescope
GVD Collaboration, V. A. Allakhverdyan, A. D. Avrorin, A. V. Avrorin, V. M. Aynutdinov, Z. Be\v{n}u\v{s}ov\'a, I. A. Belolaptikov, E. A. Bondarev, I. V. Borina, N. M. Budnev, V. A. Chadymov, A. S. Chepurnov, V. Y. Dik, A. N. Dmitrieva, G. V. Domogatsky, A. A. Doroshenko, R. Dvornick\'y, A. N. Dyachok, Zh. -A. M. Dzhilkibaev, E. Eckerov\'a, T. …

Measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux over six seasons using cascade events from the Baikal-GVD expanding telescope
We present an updated measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux using Baikal-GVD cascade data collected between April 2018 to March 2024. In this period, the detector grew from 15% to 55% of its baseline cubic kilometer configuration. The diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux is detected with a statistical significance of 5.1 $σ$. Assuming a single power law model of the astrophysical neutrino flux with identical contribution from each neutrino flavor, the following best-fit paramet…

A Fast Bayesian Method for Coherent Gravitational Wave Searches with Relative Astrometry
Benjamin Zhang, Kris Pardo, Yijun Wang, Luke Bouma, Tzu-Ching Chang, Olivier Dor\'e
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19206

A Fast Bayesian Method for Coherent Gravitational Wave Searches with Relative Astrometry
Using relative stellar astrometry for the detection of coherent gravitational wave sources is a promising method for the microhertz range, where no dedicated detectors currently exist. Compared to other gravitational wave detection techniques, astrometry operates in an extreme high-baseline-number and low-SNR-per-baseline limit, which leads to computational difficulties when using conventional Bayesian search techniques. We extend a technique for efficiently searching pulsar timing array datase…

A Multi-Pass Large Language Model Framework for Precise and Efficient Radiology Report Error Detection
Songsoo Kim, Seungtae Lee, See Young Lee, Joonho Kim, Keechan Kan, Dukyong Yoon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20112

A Multi-Pass Large Language Model Framework for Precise and Efficient Radiology Report Error Detection
Background: The positive predictive value (PPV) of large language model (LLM)-based proofreading for radiology reports is limited due to the low error prevalence. Purpose: To assess whether a three-pass LLM framework enhances PPV and reduces operational costs compared with baseline approaches. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1,000 consecutive radiology reports (250 each: radiography, ultrasonography, CT, MRI) from the MIMIC-III database. Two external datasets (C…

Thermal corrections to Regge trajectories
R. Cadiz, M. Loewe, R. Zamora
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14979 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.1…

Thermal corrections to Regge trajectories
In this work, we investigate the behavior of Regge trajectories in the context of quantum field theory at finite temperature. For this purpose, we employ the $λϕ^3$ model. We first compute the Regge trajectories at zero temperature, establishing a baseline for comparison. As a key novelty, we extended our analysis to finite temperature and derive an analytical expression for the Regge trajectories in this regime. We explore how temperature modifies the structure of the Regge trajectories and …

Spatial and Pulse Efficiency Constraints in Atom Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors
Patrik Schach, Enno Giese
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09511 ht…

Spatial and Pulse Efficiency Constraints in Atom Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors
Currently planned and constructed terrestrial detectors for gravitational waves and dark matter based on differential light-pulse atom interferometry are designed around three primary strategies to enhance their sensitivity: (i) Resonant-mode enhancement using multiple diamonds, (ii) large-momentum-transfer techniques to increase arm separation within the interferometer, and (iii) very-long baseline schemes that increase the distance between the two interferometers. Both resonant-mode enhanceme…

A Framework for Creating Non-Regressive Test Cases via Branch Consistency Analysis Driven by Descriptions
Yuxiang Zhang, Pengyu Xue, Zhen Yang, Xiaoxue Ren, Xiang Li, Linhao Wu, Jiancheng Zhao, Xingda Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07486

A Framework for Creating Non-Regressive Test Cases via Branch Consistency Analysis Driven by Descriptions
Automated test-generation research overwhelmingly assumes the correctness of focal methods, yet practitioners routinely face non-regression scenarios where the focal method may be defective. A baseline evaluation of EvoSuite and two leading Large Language Model (LLM)-based generators, namely ChatTester and ChatUniTest, on defective focal methods reveals that despite achieving up to 83% of branch coverage, none of the generated tests expose defects. To resolve this problem, we first construct …

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22088 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_ees…

Baseline Systems and Evaluation Metrics for Spatial Semantic Segmentation of Sound Scenes
Immersive communication has made significant advancements, especially with the release of the codec for Immersive Voice and Audio Services. Aiming at its further realization, the DCASE 2025 Challenge has recently introduced a task for spatial semantic segmentation of sound scenes (S5), which focuses on detecting and separating sound events in spatial sound scenes. In this paper, we explore methods for addressing the S5 task. Specifically, we present baseline S5 systems that combine audio taggin…

Leveraging Transfer Learning and User-Specific Updates for Rapid Training of BCI Decoders
Ziheng Chen, Po T. Wang, Mina Ibrahim, Shivali Baveja, Rong Mu, An H. Do, Zoran Nenadic
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14120

Leveraging Transfer Learning and User-Specific Updates for Rapid Training of BCI Decoders
Lengthy subject- or session-specific data acquisition and calibration remain a key barrier to deploying electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) outside the laboratory. Previous work has shown that cross subject, cross-session invariant features exist in EEG. We propose a transfer learning pipeline based on a two-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) that leverages these invariants to reduce the burden of data acquisition and calibration. A baseline model is traine…

Assessment of the Earth orientation parameter accuracy from concurrent VLBI observations
Leonid Petrov, Christian Ploetz, Matthias Schartner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15859

Assessment of the Earth orientation parameter accuracy from concurrent VLBI observations
We have assessed accuracy of estimates of Earth orientation parameters (EOP) determined from several very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observing programs that ran concurrently at different networks. We consider that the root mean square of differences in EOP estimates derived from concurrent observations is a reliable measure of accuracy. We confirmed that formal errors based on the assumption that the noise in observables is uncorrelated are close to useless. We found no evidence that a…

ARSAR-Net: Adaptively Regularized SAR Imaging Network via Non-matrix-inversion ADMM
Shiping Fu, Yufan Chen, Zhe Zhang, Xiaolan Qiu, Qixiang Ye
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18324

ARSAR-Net: Adaptively Regularized SAR Imaging Network via Non-matrix-inversion ADMM
Deep unfolding networks have constituted an emerging method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. However, baseline unfolding networks, when unfolded from the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), lack generalization capability across scenes as the regularizers are empirically designed. In this study, we introduce a learnable regularizer to the unfolding network and create an adaptively regularized SAR imaging network (ARSAR-Net), which pursues generalization capability acro…

Investigating the Potential of Large Language Model-Based Router Multi-Agent Architectures for Foundation Design Automation: A Task Classification and Expert Selection Study
Sompote Youwai, David Phim, Vianne Gayl Murcia, Rianne Clair Onas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13811

Investigating the Potential of Large Language Model-Based Router Multi-Agent Architectures for Foundation Design Automation: A Task Classification and Expert Selection Study
This study investigates router-based multi-agent systems for automating foundation design calculations through intelligent task classification and expert selection. Three approaches were evaluated: single-agent processing, multi-agent designer-checker architecture, and router-based expert selection. Performance assessment utilized baseline models including DeepSeek R1, ChatGPT 4 Turbo, Grok 3, and Gemini 2.5 Pro across shallow foundation and pile design scenarios. The router-based configuration…

A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5-meter Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Bootes III and Draco
Chao Yang, Zhizheng Pan, Min Fang, Xian Zhong Zheng, Binyang Liu, Guoliang Li, Tian-Rui Sun, Ji-An Jiang, Miaomiao Zhang, Zhen Wan, Shuang Liu, Han Qu, Ji Yang, Xu Kong, Wenhao Liu, Yiping Shu, Jiang Chang, Tinggui Wang, Lulu Fan, Yongquan Xue, Wentao Luo, Hongxin Zhang, Zheng Lou, Haibin Zhao, Bin Li, Hairen Wang, Dazhi Yao, Jian Wang, Hongfei Zhang, Feng Li, Ha…

A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5-meter Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Bootes III and Draco
We carry out deep imaging of the Milky Way satellite galaxies, Bootes III and Draco, with WFST as one pilot observing program to demonstrate the capability of WFST. Combining catalogs with PS1 DR2 and Gaia DR3, we derive proper motions for candidate member stars in these two satellite galaxies over a 12-year time baseline, yielding uncertainties of ~1.8 mas/yr at 21 mag and ~3.0 mas/yr at 22 mag in the r band. The proper motions derived from bright and faint stars are consistent, indicating no …

FormGym: Doing Paperwork with Agents
Matthew Toles, Rattandeep Singh, Isaac Song Zhou Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14079 https://arx…

FormGym: Doing Paperwork with Agents
Completing paperwork is a challenging and time-consuming problem. Form filling is especially challenging in the pure-image domain without access to OCR, typeset PDF text, or a DOM. For computer agents, it requires multiple abilities, including multi-modal understanding, information retrieval, and tool-use. We present a novel form-filling benchmark consisting of 432 fields spread across 55 documents and 3 tasks, requiring knowledge of 236 features per user. We find that baseline VLAs achieve les…

Factor-Graph-Based Passive Acoustic Navigation for Decentralized Cooperative Localization Using Bearing Elevation Depth Difference
Kalliyan Velasco, Timothy W. McLain, Joshua G. Mangelson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14690

Factor-Graph-Based Passive Acoustic Navigation for Decentralized Cooperative Localization Using Bearing Elevation Depth Difference
Accurate and scalable underwater multi-agent localization remains a critical challenge due to the constraints of underwater communication. In this work, we propose a multi-agent localization framework using a factor-graph representation that incorporates bearing, elevation, and depth difference (BEDD). Our method leverages inverted ultra-short baseline (inverted-USBL) derived azimuth and elevation measurements from incoming acoustic signals and relative depth measurements to enable cooperative …

A Chimera method for high-fidelity simulation of turbulent flows
Andrea Di Mascio, Sergio Pirozzoli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05914 https://

A Chimera method for high-fidelity simulation of turbulent flows
We develop a block-structured solver for high-fidelity simulation of flows in complex geometries, based on overlapping (Chimera) meshes. The key components of the algorithm are a baseline dissipation-free central discretization and selective high-order filtering, which ensure uniform accuracy and minimal numerical diffusion. These favorable properties are preserved through efficient interpolation across overlapping blocks. Numerical tests demonstrate that the method guarantees a uniform order o…

HR-VILAGE-3K3M: A Human Respiratory Viral Immunization Longitudinal Gene Expression Dataset for Systems Immunity
Xuejun Sun, Yiran Song, Xiaochen Zhou, Ruilie Cai, Yu Zhang, Xinyi Li, Rui Peng, Jialiu Xie, Yuanyuan Yan, Muyao Tang, Prem Lakshmanane, Baiming Zou, James S. Hagood, Raymond J. Pickles, Didong Li, Fei Zou, Xiaojing Zheng
https://

HR-VILAGE-3K3M: A Human Respiratory Viral Immunization Longitudinal Gene Expression Dataset for Systems Immunity
Respiratory viral infections pose a global health burden, yet the cellular immune responses driving protection or pathology remain unclear. Natural infection cohorts often lack pre-exposure baseline data and structured temporal sampling. In contrast, inoculation and vaccination trials generate insightful longitudinal transcriptomic data. However, the scattering of these datasets across platforms, along with inconsistent metadata and preprocessing procedure, hinders AI-driven discovery. To addre…

On Efficient Estimation of Distributional Treatment Effects under Covariate-Adaptive Randomization
Undral Byambadalai, Tomu Hirata, Tatsushi Oka, Shota Yasui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05945

On Efficient Estimation of Distributional Treatment Effects under Covariate-Adaptive Randomization
This paper focuses on the estimation of distributional treatment effects in randomized experiments that use covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR). These include designs such as Efron's biased-coin design and stratified block randomization, where participants are first grouped into strata based on baseline covariates and assigned treatments within each stratum to ensure balance across groups. In practice, datasets often contain additional covariates beyond the strata indicators. We propose a fl…

Unveiling the Complex Jet Dynamics in the Blazar 2021 317 through Multi-Epoch VLBI Observations
Haitian Shang, Wei Zhao, Xiaoyu Hong, Leonid I. Gurvits, Ailing Zeng, Tao An, Xiaopeng Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23082

Unveiling the Complex Jet Dynamics in the Blazar 2021+317 through Multi-Epoch VLBI Observations
We present an investigation of the compact structure of the AGN 2021+317 based on multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at 15, 22, and 43 GHz in the period from 2013 through 2024. The VLBI images show a core-jet structure extended to the south, with two stationary components in the northern region, one of which likely to be the core of the source. We also detected two new moving jet components (S4 and S5) in the observations of 2021. Based on these observational find…

Practical Improvements of A/B Testing with Off-Policy Estimation
Sakhi Otmane, Gilotte Alexandre, Rohde David
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10677 https://

Practical Improvements of A/B Testing with Off-Policy Estimation
We address the problem of A/B testing, a widely used protocol for evaluating the potential improvement achieved by a new decision system compared to a baseline. This protocol segments the population into two subgroups, each exposed to a version of the system and estimates the improvement as the difference between the measured effects. In this work, we demonstrate that the commonly used difference-in-means estimator, while unbiased, can be improved. We introduce a family of unbiased off-policy e…

SplashNet: Split-and-Share Encoders for Accurate and Efficient Typing with Surface Electromyography
Nima Hadidi, Jason Chan, Ebrahim Feghhi, Jonathan Kao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12356

SplashNet: Split-and-Share Encoders for Accurate and Efficient Typing with Surface Electromyography
Surface electromyography (sEMG) at the wrists could enable natural, keyboard-free text entry, yet the state-of-the-art emg2qwerty baseline still misrecognizes $51.8\%$ of characters in the zero-shot setting on unseen users and $7.0\%$ after user-specific fine-tuning. We trace many of these errors to mismatched cross-user signal statistics, fragile reliance on high-order feature dependencies, and the absence of architectural inductive biases aligned with the bilateral nature of typing. To addres…

VLBA astrometry of PSRs B0329 54 and B1133 16: Improved pulsar distances and comparison of global ionospheric models
Ashish Kumar, Adam T. Deller, Pankaj Jain, Javier Mold\'on
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14368

VLBA astrometry of PSRs B0329+54 and B1133+16: Improved pulsar distances and comparison of global ionospheric models
Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) astrometry is used to determine the three-dimensional position and proper motion of astronomical objects. A typical VLBI astrometric campaign generally includes around ten observations, making it challenging to characterise systematic uncertainties. Our study on two bright pulsars, B0329+54 and B1133+16, involves analysis of broadband Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data over $\sim30$ epochs (spanning approximately $3.5\, {\rm years}$). This extended dat…

The TESS Ten Thousand Catalog: 10,001 uniformly-vetted and -validated Eclipsing Binary Stars detected in Full-Frame Image data by machine learning and analyzed by citizen scientists
Veselin B. Kostov, Brian P. Powell, Aline U. Fornear, Marco Z. Di Fraia, Robert Gagliano, Thomas L. Jacobs, Julien S. de Lambilly, Hugo A. Durantini Luca, Steven R. Majewski, Mark Omohundro, Jerome Orosz, Saul A. Rappaport, Ryan Salik, Donald Short, William Welsh, Svetoslav Alexandrov, Cledison Marcos da Si…

The TESS Ten Thousand Catalog: 10,001 uniformly-vetted and -validated Eclipsing Binary Stars detected in Full-Frame Image data by machine learning and analyzed by citizen scientists
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has surveyed nearly the entire sky in Full-Frame Image mode with a time resolution of 200 seconds to 30 minutes and a temporal baseline of at least 27 days. In addition to the primary goal of discovering new exoplanets, TESS is exceptionally capable at detecting variable stars, and in particular short-period eclipsing binaries which are relatively common, making up a few percent of all stars, and represent powerful astrophysical laboratories for …

Sample size re-estimation in blinded hybrid-control design using inverse probability weighting
Masahiro Kojima, Shunichiro Orihara, Keisuke Hanada, Tomohiro Ohigashi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15913

Sample size re-estimation in blinded hybrid-control design using inverse probability weighting
With the increasing availability of data from historical studies and real-world data sources, hybrid control designs that incorporate external data into the evaluation of current studies are being increasingly adopted. In these designs, it is necessary to pre-specify during the planning phase the extent to which information will be borrowed from historical control data. However, if substantial differences in baseline covariate distributions between the current and historical studies are identif…

Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
M. Janssen, C. -k. Chan, J. Davelaar, M. Wielgus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13875

Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
(abridged) In this second paper in our publication series, we present the open-source Zingularity framework for parameter inference with deep Bayesian artificial neural networks. We carried out out supervised learning with synthetic millimeter very long baseline interferometry observations of the EHT. Our ground-truth models are based on GRMHD simulations of Sgr A* and M87* on horizon scales. We investigated how well Zingularity neural networks are able to infer key model parameters from EHT ob…

BUT System for the MLC-SLM Challenge
Alexander Polok, Jiangyu Han, Dominik Klement, Samuele Cornell, Jan \v{C}ernock\'y, Luk\'a\v{s} Burget
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13414

BUT System for the MLC-SLM Challenge
We present a two-speaker automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that combines DiCoW -- a diarization-conditioned variant of Whisper -- with DiariZen, a diarization pipeline built on top of Pyannote. We first evaluate both systems in out-of-domain (OOD) multilingual scenarios without any fine-tuning. In this scenario, DiariZen consistently outperforms the baseline Pyannote diarization model, demonstrating strong generalization. Despite being fine-tuned on English-only data for target-speaker …

Peering into the heart of 3CR radio galaxies. A very long baseline interferometry perspective on optical-radio classifications at parsec scales
P. Grandi, G. Giovannini, E. Torresi, B. Boccardi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07589

Peering into the heart of 3CR radio galaxies. A very long baseline interferometry perspective on optical-radio classifications at parsec scales
Historically, luminous edge-brightened Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxies have been associated with radiatively efficient cold accretion disks. In contrast, faint edge-darkened Fanaroff-Riley Type Is (FRIs) are sustained by hot, inefficient accretion flows. However, several sources deviate from this paradigm, showing FRII morphologies and radiatively inefficient accretion. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the observations: (1) The evolutionary scenario: initially strong …

Origin of Radio Emission in Three Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies with Signatures of Luminous Buried Active Galactic Nuclei
Takayuki J. Hayashi (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan), Yoshiaki Hagiwara (Toyo University), Masatoshi Imanishi (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10549…

Origin of Radio Emission in Three Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies with Signatures of Luminous Buried Active Galactic Nuclei
We report multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 2.3 and 8.4GHz of three nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies, identified via mid-infrared spectroscopic analyses as hosting deeply embedded active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Milliarcsecond-scale observations at both frequencies reveal compact continuum emission in IRAS F00188$-$0856 and IRAS F01298$-$0744, accounting for $\sim10$% of the flux density measured on arcsecond scales. The non-detection in IRAS F00091$-$0738 and …

FRB 20250316A: A Brilliant and Nearby One-Off Fast Radio Burst Localized to 13 parsec Precision
FRB Collaboration, Thomas C. Abbott, Daniel Amouyal, Shion E. Andrew, Kevin Bandura, Mohit Bhardwaj, Kalyani Bhopi, Yash Bhusare, Charanjot Brar, Alice Cai, Tomas Cassanelli, Shami Chatterjee, Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Cliche, Amanda M. Cook, Alice P. Curtin, Evan Davies-Velie, Matt Dobbs, Fengqiu Adam Dong, Yuxin Dong, Gwendolyn Eadie, Tarraneh Eftekhari, Wen-fai Fong, Emmanuel Fonseca, B. M. Gaens…

FRB 20250316A: A Brilliant and Nearby One-Off Fast Radio Burst Localized to 13 parsec Precision
Precise localizations of a small number of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have enabled multiwavelength follow-up observations revealing diverse local environments. However, the 2--3\% of FRB sources that are observed to repeat may not be representative of the full population. Here we use the VLBI capabilities of the full CHIME Outriggers array for the first time to localize a nearby (40 Mpc), bright (kJy), and apparently one-off FRB source, FRB…

Dim cores of radio-bright AGN jets: VLBI and Gaia astrometry pinpoint different parsec-scale features
A. V. Popkov (MIPT, LPI), Y. Y. Kovalev (MPIfR), A. V. Plavin (BHI Harvard), L. Y. Petrov (NASA GSFC), I. N. Pashchenko (LPI)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17769

Dim cores of radio-bright AGN jets: VLBI and Gaia astrometry pinpoint different parsec-scale features
Astrometry with the very long baseline radio interferometry (VLBI) allows us to determine the position of a point close to the brightest compact detail of the source at milliarcsecond scales. For most active galactic nuclei (AGNs), this compact detail is the opaque core of the radio jet. Rare cases of sources whose brightest detail is not the core but a prominent jet feature parsecs away from the core have been reported, but such sources remained elusive. In this work, we use a novel method for…

Efficient Implementation of a Semiparametric Joint Model for Multivariate Longitudinal Biomarkers and Competing Risks Time-to-Event Data
Shanpeng Li, Emily Ouyang, Jin Zhou, Xinping Cui, Gang Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12741

Efficient Implementation of a Semiparametric Joint Model for Multivariate Longitudinal Biomarkers and Competing Risks Time-to-Event Data
Joint modeling has become increasingly popular for characterizing the association between one or more longitudinal biomarkers and competing risks time-to-event outcomes. However, semiparametric multivariate joint modeling for large-scale data encounter substantial statistical and computational challenges, primarily due to the high dimensionality of random effects and the complexity of estimating nonparametric baseline hazards. These challenges often lead to prolonged computation time and excess…

Peering into the heart of darkness with VLBA : Radio Quiet AGN in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field
Payaswini Saikia, Ramon Wrzosek, Joseph Gelfand, Walter Brisken, William Cotton, S. P. Willner, Hansung B. Gim, Rogier A. Windhorst, Vicente Estrada-Carpenter, Ivan Yu. Katkov, Ingyin Zaw, Michael Rosenthal, Hanaan Shafi, Kenneth Kellermann, James Condon, Anton M. Koekemoer, Christopher J. Conselice, Rafael Ortiz III, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Brenda Frye, Norman A. Grogin,…

Peering into the heart of darkness with VLBA : Radio Quiet AGN in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field
We present initial results from the 4.8 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field (TDF). From 106 radio sources found in the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations in the TDF, we detected 12 sources (11% detection rate) at 3.3 $μ$Jy rms sensitivity and 4 mas resolution. Most detections exhibit pc-scale emission (less than 40 pc) with high VLBA/VLA flux density ratios and brightness temperatures exceeding 10$^5$ K, confirming non-thermal …

An Ejection Event Captured by VLBI During the Outburst of Swift J1727.8$-$1613
Hongmin Cao, Jun Yang, S\'andor Frey, Callan M. Wood, James C. A. Miller-Jones, Krisztina \'E. Gab\'anyi, Giulia Migliori, Marcello Giroletti, Lang Cui, Tao An, Xiaoyu Hong, Weihua Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18817

An Ejection Event Captured by VLBI During the Outburst of Swift J1727.8$-$1613
We observed a newly-discovered Galactic black hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN) at 5 GHz. The observation was conducted immediately following a radio quenching event detected by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The visibility amplitude evolution over time reveals a large-amplitude radio flare and is consistent with an ejection event. The data can be interpreted either as a stationary component (i.e., the radio core…

Longitudinal weighted and trimmed treatment effects with flip interventions
Alec McClean, Alexander W. Levis, Nicholas Williams, Ivan Diaz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09188

Longitudinal weighted and trimmed treatment effects with flip interventions
Weighting and trimming are popular methods for addressing positivity violations in causal inference. While well-studied with single-timepoint data, standard methods do not easily generalize to address non-baseline positivity violations in longitudinal data, and remain vulnerable to such violations. In this paper, we extend weighting and trimming to longitudinal data via stochastic ``flip'' interventions, which maintain the treatment status of subjects who would have received the target treatmen…

Modeling Targets and Optimal Frequencies for Imaging the Shadows of Nearby Supermassive Black Holes
J. Cole Faggert, Feryal Ozel, Dimitrios Psaltis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15783

Modeling Targets and Optimal Frequencies for Imaging the Shadows of Nearby Supermassive Black Holes
Horizon-scale imaging of supermassive black holes has opened a new window onto the studies of strong-field gravity and plasma physics in low-luminosity accretion flows. As future efforts aim to image fainter and smaller angular-size targets, primarily through space-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), it is important to identify optimal sources and observing strategies for such studies. In this work, we assess the prospects for imaging black hole shadows in a broad population of near…

Discovery and Localization of the Swift-Observed FRB 20241228A in a Star-forming Host Galaxy
Alice P. Curtin, Shion Andrew, Sunil Simha, Alice Cai, Kenzie Nimmo, Shami Chatterjee, Amanda M. Cook, Fengqiu Adam Dong, Yuxin Dong, Tarraneh Eftekhari, Wen-fai Fong, Emmanuel Fonseca, Jason W. T. Hessels, Ronniy C. Joseph, Victoria Kaspi, Calvin Leung, Robert Main, Kiyoshi W. Masui, Ryan Mckinven, Daniele Michilli, Mason Ng, Ayush Pandhi, Aaron B. Pearlman, Ziggy Pleunis, Mawson W. Sammons, K…

Discovery and Localization of the Swift-Observed FRB 20241228A in a Star-forming Host Galaxy
On 2024 December 28, CHIME/FRB detected the thus-far non-repeating FRB 20241228A with a real-time signal-to-noise ratio of $>50$. Approximately 112~s later, the X-ray Telescope onboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory was on source, the fastest follow-up to-date of a non-repeating FRB (Tohuvavohu et al. in prep.). Using CHIME/FRB and two of the three CHIME/FRB Outriggers, we obtained a Very Long Baseline Interferometry localization for FRB 20241228A with a 1$σ$ confidence ellipse of 11$^{\pr…