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Probing Social Identity Bias in Chinese LLMs with Gendered Pronouns and Social Groups
Geng Liu, Feng Li, Junjie Mu, Mengxiao Zhu, Francesco Pierri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06974

Probing Social Identity Bias in Chinese LLMs with Gendered Pronouns and Social Groups
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in user-facing applications, raising concerns about their potential to reflect and amplify social biases. We investigate social identity framing in Chinese LLMs using Mandarin-specific prompts across ten representative Chinese LLMs, evaluating responses to ingroup ("We") and outgroup ("They") framings, and extending the setting to 240 social groups salient in the Chinese context. To complement controlled experiments, we further analyze Chin…