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Spectral Small-Incremental-Entangling: Breaking Quasi-Polynomial Complexity Barriers in Long-Range Interacting Systems
Donghoon Kim, Yusuke Kimura, Hugo Mackay, Yosuke Mitsuhashi, Hideaki Nishikawa, Carla Rubiliani, Cheng Shang, Ayumi Ukai, Tomotaka Kuwahara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12014

Spectral Small-Incremental-Entangling: Breaking Quasi-Polynomial Complexity Barriers in Long-Range Interacting Systems
A key challenge in quantum complexity is how entanglement structure emerges from dynamics, highlighted by advances in simulators and information processing. The Lieb--Robinson bound sets a locality-based speed limit on information propagation, while the Small-Incremental-Entangling (SIE) theorem gives a universal constraint on entanglement growth. Yet, SIE bounds only total entanglement, leaving open the fine entanglement structure. In this work, we introduce Spectral-Entangling Strength, measu…