Tootfinder

"""
[…] Paradoxically, the more a population grew, the more precious it became, as it offered a supply of cheap labour, and by lowering costs allowed a greater expansion of production and trade. In this infinitely open labour market, the ‘fundamental price’, which for Turgot meant a subsistence level for workers, and the price determined by supply and demand ended up as the same thing. A country was all the more commercially competitive for having at its disposal the virtual wealth that a large population represented.
Confinement was therefore a clumsy error, and an economic one at that: there was no sense in trying to suppress poverty by taking it out of the economic circuit and providing for a poor population by charitable means. To do that was merely to hide poverty, and suppress an important section of the population, which was always a given wealth. Rather than helping the poor escape their provisionally indigent situation, charity condemned them to it, and dangerously so, by putting a brake on the labour market in a period of crisis. What was required was to palliate the high cost of products with cheaper labour, and to make up for their scarcity by a new industrial and agricultural effort. The only reasonable remedy was to reinsert the population in the circuit of production, being sure to place labour in areas where manpower was most scarce. The use of paupers, vagabonds, exiles and émigrés of any description was one of the secrets of wealth in the competition between nations. […]
Confinement was to be criticised because of the effects it had on the labour market, but also because like all other traditional forms of charity, it constituted a dangerous form of finance. As had been the case in the Middle Ages, the classical era had constantly attempted to look after the needs of the poor by a system of foundations. This implied that a section of the land capital and revenues were out of circulation. In a definitive manner too, as the concern was to avoid the commercialisation of assistance to the poor, so judicial measures had been taken to ensure that this wealth never went back into circulation. But as time passed, their usefulness diminished: the economic situation changed, and so did the nature of poverty.
«Society does not always have the same needs. The nature and distribution of property, the divisions between the different orders of the people, opinions, customs, the occupations of the majority of the population, the climate itself, diseases and all the other accidents of human life are in constant change. New needs come into being, and old ones disappear.» [Turgot, Encyclopédie]
The definitive character of a foundation was in contradiction with the variable and changing nature of the accidental needs to which it was designed to respond. The wealth that it immobilised was never put back into circulation, but more wealth was to be created as new needs appeared. The result was that the proportion of funds and revenues removed from circulation constantly increased, while that of production fell in consequence. The only possible result was increased poverty, and a need for more foundations. The process could continue indefinitely, and the fear was that one day ‘the ever increasing number of foundations might absorb all private funds and all private property’. When closely examined, classical forms of assistance were a cause of poverty, bringing a progressive immobilisation that was like the slow death of productive wealth:
«If all the men who have ever lived had been given a tomb, sooner or later some of those sterile monuments would have been dug up in order to find land to cultivate, and it would have become necessary to stir the ashes of the dead in order to feed the living.» [Turgot, Lettre Š Trudaine sur le Limousin]
"""
(Michel Foucault, History of Madness)

The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations
Ci Xue, Alex N. Byrne, Larry Morgan, Gabi Wenzel, P. Bryan Changala, Zachary T. P. Fried, Ryan A. Loomis, Anthony Remijan, Edwin A. Bergin, Ilsa R. Cooke, David Frayer, Andrew M. Burkhardt, Steven B. Charnley, Martin A. Cordiner, Andrew Lipnicky, Michael C. McCarthy, Brett A. McGuire
https://

The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations
Spectral line surveys of the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) have led to the detection of more than 100 new molecular species, making it the most prolific source of interstellar molecular discoveries. These wide-band, high-sensitivity line surveys have been enabled by advances in telescope and receiver technology, particularly at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. In this work, we present a statistical analysis of the molecular inventory of TMC-1 as probed by the GOTHAM large program surve…

Impact of early-age exposure to power ultrasound on the micromechanical properties of hardened cement paste
Martin Chaigne, S\'ebastien Manneville, Michael Haist, Roland J. -M. Pellenq, Thibaut Divoux
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02183

Impact of early-age exposure to power ultrasound on the micromechanical properties of hardened cement paste
Cement paste serves as the universal binder in concrete, formed by mixing water with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). In its fresh state, cement paste is a suspension in which the initial particle inventory continuously dissolves, while simultaneously, a growing population of colloidal calcium silica-hydrate (C-S-H) particles forms and progressively builds a percolated structure that densifies and hardens through hydration. Like most colloidal gels, cement paste is sensitive to external stimuli …

Strong Feller Regularisation of 1-d Nonlinear Transport by Reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Noise
Max-K. von Renesse, Alexander Wei{\ss}
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01355 https://

Strong Feller Regularisation of 1-d Nonlinear Transport by Reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Noise
We consider equations of nonlinear transport on the circle with regular self interactions appearing in aggregation models and deterministic mean field dynamics. We introduce a random perturbation of such systems through a stochastic orientation preserving flow, which is given as an integrated infinite dimensional periodic Ornstein- Uhlenbeck process with reflection. As our main result we show that the induced stochastic dynamics yields a measure valued Markov process on a class of regular measu…

On Topology of the Infinite-Dimensional Space of Fibrations
Ziqi Fang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14038 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.14038

On Topology of the Infinite-Dimensional Space of Fibrations
This work serves as an opening and basis of an ongoing program investigating topological and geometric aspects of the moduli space of smooth fiberings on a manifold. The present paper focuses on the algebraic and differential topology of this space, and particularly addresses the following three quests in a top-down manner: the classification, for each class the path components, and for each component the homotopy type (as loosely analogous to the those three for studying the moduli of smooth s…

Semi-Infinite Programming for Collision-Avoidance in Optimal and Model Predictive Control
Yunfan Gao, Florian Messerer, Niels van Duijkeren, Rashmi Dabir, Moritz Diehl
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12335 …

Semi-Infinite Programming for Collision-Avoidance in Optimal and Model Predictive Control
This paper presents a novel approach for collision avoidance in optimal and model predictive control, in which the environment is represented by a large number of points and the robot as a union of padded polygons. The conditions that none of the points shall collide with the robot can be written in terms of an infinite number of constraints per obstacle point. We show that the resulting semi-infinite programming (SIP) optimal control problem (OCP) can be efficiently tackled through a combinati…

Black Holes with Accretion Disks as High-Energy Particle Colliders
Delilah E. A. Gates
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19435 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19435

Black Holes with Accretion Disks as High-Energy Particle Colliders
In principle, rapidly rotating black holes (BHs) with accretion disks -- either prograde or retrograde -- could naturally act as high-energy particle colliders (HEPCs) because particles falling in from infinity that collide with particles in the disk near the BH horizon can exhibit center-of-mass (CM) energies beyond the capabilities of terrestrial instruments. However, we show that scattering can moderate the CM energy of near-horizon collisions. We find that rapidly rotating BHs with prograde…

An infinite-dimensional Kolmogorov theorem and the construction of almost periodic breathers
Zhicheng Tong, Yong Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13501 https://

An infinite-dimensional Kolmogorov theorem and the construction of almost periodic breathers
In this paper, we present two infinite-dimensional Kolmogorov theorems based on nonresonant frequencies of Bourgain's Diophantine type or even weaker conditions. To be more precise, under a nondegenerate condition for an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system, we prove the persistence of a full-dimensional KAM torus with the universally prescribed frequency that is independent of any spectral asymptotics. As an application, we prove that for a class of perturbed networks with weakly coupled os…

Challenges in Statistics: A Dozen Challenges in Causality and Causal Inference
Carlos Cinelli, Avi Feller, Guido Imbens, Edward Kennedy, Sara Magliacane, Jose Zubizarreta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17099

Challenges in Statistics: A Dozen Challenges in Causality and Causal Inference
Causality and causal inference have emerged as core research areas at the interface of modern statistics and domains including biomedical sciences, social sciences, computer science, and beyond. The field's inherently interdisciplinary nature -- particularly the central role of incorporating domain knowledge -- creates a rich and varied set of statistical challenges. Much progress has been made, especially in the last three decades, but there remain many open questions. Our goal in this discuss…

Sharpness of the phase transition for constrained-degree percolation
Ivailo Hartarsky, Roger W. C. Silva
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16162 https://arxiv.org…

Sharpness of the phase transition for constrained-degree percolation
We consider constrained-degree percolation on the hypercubic lattice. Initially, all edges are closed, and each edge independently attempts to open at a uniformly distributed random time; the attempt succeeds if, at that instant, both end-vertices have degrees strictly less than a prescribed parameter. The absence of the FKG inequality and the finite energy property, as well as the infinite range of dependency, make the rigorous analysis of the model particularly challenging. In this work, we s…