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🪤 Cutting key amino acids from mouse diets triggers weight loss through heat burning
#diet

Cutting key amino acids from mouse diets triggers weight loss through heat burning
It's not pleasant to shiver from the cold, but for some, it has the appeal of making the body burn more energy as heat than when staying in a warmer environment. According to several studies, exposure to cold is a reliable way to boost energy expenditure in mice and humans. This process of burning energy through heat loss is called thermogenesis.

Slow Radiolysis of Amino Acids in Mars-Like Permafrost Conditions - Applications to the Search for Extant Life on Mars: #Mars? Check the ice, researchers say: https://www.psu.edu/news/earth-and-mineral-sciences/story/are-there-living-microbes-mars-check-ice-researchers-say - intact biomolecules from dormant microbes degrade far slower in pure water ice than mixed soil samples.

NS-Pep: De novo Peptide Design with Non-Standard Amino Acids
Tao Guo, Junbo Yin, Yu Wang, Xin Gao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03326 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

NS-Pep: De novo Peptide Design with Non-Standard Amino Acids
Peptide drugs incorporating non-standard amino acids (NSAAs) offer improved binding affinity and improved pharmacological properties. However, existing peptide design methods are limited to standard amino acids, leaving NSAA-aware design largely unexplored. We introduce NS-Pep, a unified framework for co-designing peptide sequences and structures with NSAAs. The main challenge is that NSAAs are extremely underrepresented-even the most frequent one, SEP, accounts for less than 0.4% of residues-r…

Interplay of Fidelity and Diversity in the Evolution of the Genetic Code
Yudam Seo, Tsvi Tlusty, Junghyo Jo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10871 https://arxiv.…

Interplay of Fidelity and Diversity in the Evolution of the Genetic Code
The origin and organizing principles of the genetic code remain fundamental puzzles in life science. The vanishingly low probability of the natural codon-to-amino acid mapping arising by chance has spurred the hypothesis that its structure is a solution optimized for robustness against mutations and translational errors. For the construction of effective molecular machines, the dictionary of encoded amino acids must also be diverse enough in physicochemical features. Here, we examine whether th…

Gradual assembly of metabolism at a phosphorylating hydrothermal vent
Natalia Mrnjavac, Nadja K. Hoffmann, Manon L. Schlikker, Maximilian Burmeister, Loraine Schwander, Carolina Garcia Garcia, Max Brabender, Mike Steel, Daniel H. Huson, Sabine Metzger, Quentin Dherbassy, Bernhard Schink, Mirko Basen, Joseph Moran, Harun Tueysuez, Martina Preiner, William F. Martin

Gradual assembly of metabolism at a phosphorylating hydrothermal vent
The origin of microbial cells required the emergence of metabolism, an autocatalytic network of roughly 400 enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions that synthesize the building blocks of life: amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors. Proposals for metabolic origin are theoretical in nature [1-9], empirical studies addressing the origin and early evolution of the 400-reaction chemical network itself are lacking. Here we identify intermediate states in the primordial assembly of metabolism from…