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MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas
A. M. Arabhavi, I. Kamp, Th. Henning, E. F. van Dishoeck, H. Jang, L. B. F. M. Waters, V. Christiaens, D. Gasman, I. Pascucci, G. Perotti, S. L. Grant, M. G\"udel, P. -O. Lagage, D. Barrado, A. Caratti o Garatti, F. Lahuis, T. Kaeufer, J. Kanwar, M. Morales-Calder\'on, K. Schwarz, A. D. Sellek, B. Tabone, M. Temmink, M. Vlasblom, P. Patapis

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas
Planet-forming disks around brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars (VLMS) are on average less massive and are expected to undergo faster radial solid transport than their higher mass counterparts. Spitzer had detected C$_2$H$_2$, CO$_2$ and HCN around these objects. With better sensitivity and spectral resolving power, JWST recently revealed incredibly carbon-rich spectra from such disks. A study of a larger sample of objects is necessary to understand how common such carbon-rich inner disk regio…

TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays
Simon Birrer, Elizabeth J. Buckley-Geer, Michele Cappellari, Frederic Courbin, Frederic Dux, Christopher D. Fassnacht, Joshua A. Frieman, Aymeric Galan, Daniel Gilman, Xiang-Yu Huang, Shawn Knabel, Danial Langeroodi, Huan Lin, Martin Millon, Takahiro Morishita, Veronica Motta, Pritom Mozumdar, Eric Paic, Anowar J. Shajib, William Sheu, Dominique Sluse, Alessandro Sonnenfeld, Chiara Spiniello, Massimo Stiavelli, Sher…

TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays
We present cosmological constraints from 8 strongly lensed quasars (hereafter, the TDCOSMO-2025 sample). Building on previous work, our analysis incorporated new deflector stellar velocity dispersions measured from spectra obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Keck Telescopes, and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), utilizing improved methods. We used integrated JWST stellar kinematics for 5 lenses, VLT-MUSE for 2, and resolved kinematics from Keck and JWST for RX J1131-1231. We …

The Arizona Molecular ISM Survey with the SMT: The Diverse Carbon Monoxide Line Ratios and Spectral Line Energy Distributions of Star Forming Galaxies
Ryan P. Keenan, Daniel P. Marrone, Garrett K. Keating
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18823

The Arizona Molecular ISM Survey with the SMT: The Diverse Carbon Monoxide Line Ratios and Spectral Line Energy Distributions of Star Forming Galaxies
The carbon monoxide (CO) spectral line energy distributions (SLEDs) of galaxies contain a wealth of information about conditions in their cold interstellar gas. Here we use galaxy-scale observations of the three lowest energy CO lines to determine SLEDs and line ratios in a sample of 47 nearby, predominantly star forming galaxies. We find systematic trend of higher gas excitation with increasing star formation rate (SFR) and SFR surface density ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$), with the range of variations bei…

Dynamical origin of Theia, the last giant impactor on Earth
Duarte Branco, Sean N. Raymond, Pedro Machado
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01826 https://

Dynamical origin of Theia, the last giant impactor on Earth
Cosmochemical studies have proposed that Earth accreted roughly 5-10% of its mass from carbonaceous (CC) material, with a large fraction delivered late via its final impactor, Theia (the Moon-forming impactor). Here, we evaluate this idea using dynamical simulations of terrestrial planet formation, starting from a standard setup with a population of planetary embryos and planetesimals laid out in a ring centered between Venus and Earth's orbits, and also including a population of CC planetesima…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08757 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_mat…

Transient Instability and Patterns of Reactivity in Diffusive-Chemotaxis Soil Carbon Dynamics
We study pattern formation in a chemotaxis model of bacteria and soil carbon dynamics as an example system where transient dynamics can give rise to pattern formation outside of Turing unstable regimes. We use a detailed analysis of the reactivity of the non-spatial and spatial dynamics, stability analyses, and numerical continuation to uncover detailed aspects of this system's pattern-forming potential. In addition to patterning in Turing unstable parameter regimes, reactivity of the spatial s…

Global ocean acidification has passed safe planetary boundary threshold: Study https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/06/global-ocean-acidification-has-passed-safe-planetary-boundary-threshold-study/

Global ocean acidification has passed safe planetary boundary threshold: Study
A new assessment finds that the world’s oceans crossed the safe threshold for acidification in 2020, breaching a key planetary boundary and posing serious threats to marine life. Ocean acidification is caused when excess atmospheric carbon dioxide, resulting from human activities like burning fossil fuels, dissolves in seawater, forming carbonic acid that increases the water’s […]

TDCOSMO XXIII. First spatially resolved kinematics of the lens galaxy obtained using JWST-NIRSpec to improve time-delay cosmography
Anowar J. Shajib, Tommaso Treu, Sherry H. Suyu, David Law, Ak{\i}n Y{\i}ld{\i}r{\i}m, Michele Cappellari, Aymeric Galan, Shawn Knabel, Han Wang, Simon Birrer, Fr\'ed\'eric Courbin, Christopher D. Fassnacht, Joshua A. Frieman, Alejandra Melo, Takahiro Morishita, Pritom Mozumdar, Dominique Sluse, Massimo Stiavelli

TDCOSMO XXIII. First spatially resolved kinematics of the lens galaxy obtained using JWST-NIRSpec to improve time-delay cosmography
Spatially resolved stellar kinematics has become a key ingredient in time-delay cosmography to break the mass-sheet degeneracy in the mass profile and, in turn, provide a precise constraint on the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters. In this paper, we present the first measurements of 2D resolved stellar kinematics for the lens galaxy in the quadruply lensed quasar system \lensname, using integral field spectroscopy from the JWST's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), marking the…

Beyond Shapley Values: Cooperative Games for the Interpretation of Machine Learning Models
Marouane Il Idrissi, Agathe Fernandes Machado, Arthur Charpentier
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13900

Beyond Shapley Values: Cooperative Games for the Interpretation of Machine Learning Models
Cooperative game theory has become a cornerstone of post-hoc interpretability in machine learning, largely through the use of Shapley values. Yet, despite their widespread adoption, Shapley-based methods often rest on axiomatic justifications whose relevance to feature attribution remains debatable. In this paper, we revisit cooperative game theory from an interpretability perspective and argue for a broader and more principled use of its tools. We highlight two general families of efficient al…

ALMA Observations of Molecular Complexity in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Probing the Star-forming Region N160
Amanda Broadmeadow (University of Maryland College Park), Marta Sewi{\l}o (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,University of Maryland College Park), Lee Mundy (University of Maryland College Park), Roya Hamedani Golshan (I. Physikalisches Institut der Universit\"at zu K\"oln), Kazuki Tokuda (Kyushu University,Kagawa University), Thomas M\"oller (I. Physikalisches In…

ALMA Observations of Molecular Complexity in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Probing the Star-forming Region N160
Hot cores are small ($\lesssim$0.1 pc), dense ($\geq$10$^6$ cm$^{-3}$), and hot ($>$100 K) regions around massive protostars and are one of the main production sites of complex organic molecules (COMs, $\geq6$ atoms, including carbon). The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is an ideal place to study hot core and COM formation in an environment that is different from our Galaxy, though prior to this study there have only been nine detections of extragalactic hot cores (seven in the LMC and two in the…