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Chemical and Kinetic Equilibrium in Cosmology: Facts and Myths
Stefano Profumo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20988 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.20988

Chemical and Kinetic Equilibrium in Cosmology: Facts and Myths
We clarify that chemical and kinetic equilibration in the early Universe are distinct: neither implies the other, and the ordering of their decouplings need not be universal. We illustrate this with Standard-Model neutrino decoupling, strong-washout leptogenesis, dark-matter scenarios where kinetic decoupling precedes chemical freeze-out (resonant/forbidden, conversion/coannihilation, coscattering), and dark sectors at with temperatures distinct from the visible-sector temperature, with semi-an…

The shocking reason Arctic rivers are turning rusty orange #Arctic

The shocking reason Arctic rivers are turning rusty orange
Researchers found that ice can trigger stronger chemical reactions than liquid water, dissolving iron minerals in extreme cold. Freeze-thaw cycles amplify the effect, releasing iron into rivers and soils. With climate change accelerating these cycles, Arctic waterways may face major transformations.

SAOS and LAOS rheology for differentiating chemical and physical crosslinking: A case study on PVA hydrogels
David Kogan, Moshe Gottlieb
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06720 https:/…

SAOS and LAOS rheology for differentiating chemical and physical crosslinking: A case study on PVA hydrogels
In this work, we have studied the viscoelastic behavior of chemically and physically crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels near the critical gel point (GP) as well as further away from it, by means of small amplitude (SAOS) and large amplitude (LAOS) oscillatory shear experiments. Chemical crosslinking involved covalent bonding by means of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker, while physical crosslinking was induced by freeze-thaw cycles. SAOS data analysis allowed evaluation of critical p…

$K^*(892)$ Resonance Suppression in Ar Sc Collisions at SPS Energies
Amine Chabane, Tom Reichert, Jan Steinheimer, Marcus Bleicher
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07568 https://

$K^*(892)$ Resonance Suppression in Ar+Sc Collisions at SPS Energies
We investigate the production and suppression of short-lived $K^*(892)$ resonances in p+p and Ar+Sc collisions at CERN-SPS energies ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = $ 8.8, 11.9, and 16.8~GeV) using the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model. We present multiplicities, rapidity and transverse momentum distributions, and analyze the $K^*/K$ yield ratios as a function of energy and centrality. We further estimate the time interval between chemical and kinetic freeze-out using the ex…