Tootfinder

Alpay Folded Prime Enumerator via gcd and Floors: Exact Enumeration, Record-Lift, and Non-Synonymy/Minimality Certificates
Faruk Alpay, Taylan Alpay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11466

Alpay Folded Prime Enumerator via gcd and Floors: Exact Enumeration, Record-Lift, and Non-Synonymy/Minimality Certificates
A single closed expression $f_{\text{Alpay},U}(x)$ is presented which, for every integer $x\ge 0$, returns the $(x+1)$-th prime $p_{x+1}$. The construction uses only integer arithmetic, greatest common divisors, and floor functions. A prime indicator $I(j)$ is encoded through a short $\gcd$-sum; a cumulative counter $S(i)=\sum_{j\le i}I(j)$ equals $π(i)$; and a folded step $A(i,x)$ counts precisely up to the next prime index without piecewise branching. A corollary shows that for any fixed int…

Statistical analysis of multivariate planar curves and applications to X-ray classification
Moindji\'e Issam-Ali, Descary Marie-H\'el\`ene, Beaulac C\'edric
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11780

Statistical analysis of multivariate planar curves and applications to X-ray classification
Recent developments in computer vision have enabled the availability of segmented images across various domains, such as medicine, where segmented radiography images play an important role in diagnosis-making. As prediction problems are common in medical image analysis, this work explores the use of segmented images (through the associated contours they highlight) as predictors in a supervised classification context. Consequently, we develop a new approach for image analysis that takes into acc…

Factorization of power GCD matrices and power LCM matrices on certain gcd-closed sets
Guangyan Zhu, Yuanyuan Luo, Jixiang Wan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05595 https://

Factorization of power GCD matrices and power LCM matrices on certain gcd-closed sets
For integers $x$ and $y$, $(x, y)$ and $[x, y]$ stand for the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of $x$ and $y$ respectively. Denote by $|T|$ the number of elements of a finite set $T$. Let $a,b$ and $n$ be positive integers and let $S=\{x_1, \cdots, x_n\}$ be a set of $n$ distinct positive integers. We denote by $(S^a)$ (resp. $[S^a]$) the $n\times n$ matrix having the $a$th power of $(x_i,x_j)$ (resp. $[x_i,x_j]$) as its $(i,j)$-entry. For any $x\in S$, define $G_…

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RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Lauren H. Cooke, Matthias Jung, Jan M. Brendel, Nora M. Kerkovits, Borek Foldyna, Michael T. Lu, Vineet K. Raghu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08640

RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are among the most common tests in medicine. Automated image interpretation may reduce radiologists\' workload and expand access to diagnostic expertise. Deep learning multi-task and foundation models have shown strong performance for CXR interpretation but are vulnerable to shortcut learning, where models rely on spurious and off-target correlations rather than clinically relevant features to make decisions. We introduce RoentMod, a counterfactual image editing framewo…

Finite Semigroups Satisfying an Identity $x_1 \dots x_n \approx \rho(x_1, \dots, x_n)$
Alexander Thumm
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19216 https://arxiv.org/p…

Finite Semigroups Satisfying an Identity $x_1 \dots x_n \approx ρ(x_1, \dots, x_n)$
We determine the maximal pseudovarieties of finite semigroups that satisfy an identity of the form $x_1 \dots x_n \approx ρ(x_1, \dots, x_n)$. Applying this classification, we further show that a pseudovariety of permutative semigroups satisfies a common permutation identity if and only if it satisfies an identity of the above form or, equivalently, if it does not contain $\mathbf{T} = [x^2 \approx xyx \approx 0]$.

Divisibility among power GCD and power LCM matrices on certain gcd-closed sets
Jixiang Wan, Guangyan Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04799 https://arxiv.org…

Divisibility among power GCD and power LCM matrices on certain gcd-closed sets
Let $(x, y)$ and $[x, y]$ denote the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of the integers $x$ and $y$ respectively. We denote by $|T|$ the number of elements of a finite set $T$. Let $a,b$ and $n$ be positive integers and let $S=\{x_1, ..., x_n\}$ be a set of $n$ distinct positive integers. We denote by $(S^a)$ (resp. $[S^a]$) the $n\times n$ matrix whose $(i,j)$-entry is the $a$th power of $(x_i,x_j)$ (resp. $[x_i,x_j]$). For any $x\in S$, define $G_{S}(x):=\{d\in S:…

The GAPS programme at TNG XYZ. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)
A. S. Bonomo, L. Naponiello, A. Sozzetti, S. Benatti, I. Carleo, K. Biazzo, P. E. Cubillos, M. Damasso, C. Di Maio, C. Dorn, N. Hara, D. Polychroni, M. -L. Steinmeyer, K. A. Collins, S. Desidera, X. Dumusque, A. F. Lanza, B. S. Safonov, C. Stockdale, D. Turrini, C. Ziegler, L. Affer, M. D'Arpa, V. Farde…

The GAPS programme at TNG XYZ. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)
Sub-Neptunes with planetary radii of $R_{p} \simeq 2-4 R_{\oplus}$ are the most common planets around solar-type stars in short-period ($P<100$ d) orbits. It is still unclear, however, what their most likely composition is, that is whether they are predominantly gas dwarfs or water worlds. The sub-Neptunes orbiting bright host stars are very valuable because they are suitable for atmospheric characterization, which can break the well-known degeneracy in planet composition from the planet bulk d…

Groups with conjugacy classes of coprime sizes
Rachel D. Camina, Attila Mar\'oti, Emanuele Pacifici, Chris Parker, Kamilla Rekv\'enyi, Jack Saunders, V\'ictor Sotomayor, Gareth Tracey, Martin van Beek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03851

Groups with conjugacy classes of coprime sizes
Suppose that $x$, $y$ are elements of a finite group $G$ lying in conjugacy classes of coprime sizes. We prove that $\langle {x^G} \cap {y^G}\rangle$ is an abelian normal subgroup of $G$ and, as a consequence, that if $x$ and $y$ are $π$-regular elements for some set of primes $π$, then $x^G y^G$ is a $π$-regular conjugacy class in $G$. The latter statement was previously known for $π$-separable groups $G$ and this generalisation permits us to extend several results concerning the common di…

Topological Origin of Intrinsic High Chern Numbers in Two-Dimensional M$_2$X$_2$ Materials
Zujian Dai, Xudong Zhu, Lixin He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06288 https://

Topological Origin of Intrinsic High Chern Numbers in Two-Dimensional M$_2$X$_2$ Materials
Despite sharing a common lattice structure, monolayer M$_2$X$_2$ compounds realize quantum anomalous Hall phases with distinct Chern numbers, a striking phenomenon that has not been fully exploared. Combining first-principles calculations with symmetry analysis and tight-binding models, we identify two generic band-inversion mechanisms governed by the orbital composition and symmetry representations of 3$d$ states near the Fermi level. When $d_{xz}/d_{yz}$ orbtials dominate, a doubly degenerate…

The redshift distribution of Einstein Probe transients supports their relation to gamma-ray bursts
Brendan O'Connor, Paz Beniamini, Eleonora Troja, Malte Busmann, Simone Dichiara, Ramandeep Gill, Jonathan Granot, Michael Moss, Xander Hall, Antonella Palmese, Niccolo Passaleva, Yu-Han Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07141

The redshift distribution of Einstein Probe transients supports their relation to gamma-ray bursts
The launch of the \textit{Einstein Probe} unleashed a new era of high-energy transient discovery in the largely unexplored soft X-ray band. The \textit{Einstein Probe} has detected a significant number of fast X-ray transients that display no gamma-ray emission, complicating their robust association to more common gamma-ray bursts. To explore their possible connection, we analyzed the redshift distribution of both \textit{Einstein Probe} fast X-ray transients and long duration gamma-ray bursts.…

Demonstrating a family of X-ray dark-field retrieval approaches on a common set of samples
Samantha J. Alloo, Ying Ying How, Jannis N. Ahlers, David M. Paganin, Michelle K. Croughan, Kaye S. Morgan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03866

Demonstrating a family of X-ray dark-field retrieval approaches on a common set of samples
Sensitive to scattering from unresolved sample structures, the dark-field channel in full-field X-ray imaging provides complementary information to that offered by conventional attenuation and phase-contrast methods. A range of experimental dark-field techniques and retrieval algorithms have been recently developed to extract this signal by directly resolving dark-field-associated local image blurring with a high-resolution camera. While the underlying physical mechanism that generates dark-fie…

Moments Matter: Posterior Recovery in Poisson Denoising via Log-Networks
Shirin Shoushtari, Edward P. Chandler, Ulugbek S. Kamilov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07199 https://

Moments Matter: Posterior Recovery in Poisson Denoising via Log-Networks
Poisson denoising plays a central role in photon-limited imaging applications such as microscopy, astronomy, and medical imaging. It is common to train deep learning models for denoising using the mean-squared error (MSE) loss, which corresponds to computing the posterior mean $\mathbb{E}[x \mid y]$. When the noise is Gaussian, Tweedie's formula enables approximation of the posterior distribution through its higher-order moments. However, this connection no longer holds for Poisson denoising: w…

Rate-Distortion-Perception Trade-off with Strong Realism Constraints: Role of Side Information and Common Randomness
Yassine Hamdi, Aaron B. Wagner, Deniz G\"und\"uz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14825

Rate-Distortion-Perception Trade-off with Strong Realism Constraints: Role of Side Information and Common Randomness
In image compression, with recent advances in generative modeling, existence of a trade-off between the rate and perceptual quality has been brought to light, where the perceptual quality is measured by the closeness of the output and source distributions. We consider the compression of a memoryless source sequence $X^n=(X_1, \ldots, X_n)$ in the presence of memoryless side information $Z^n=(Z_1, \ldots, Z_n),$ originally studied by Wyner and Ziv, but elucidate the impact of a strong perfect re…

Theory of circular dichroism in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
M. Furo, A. Hariki, J. Kune\v{s}
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04388 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Theory of circular dichroism in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
We analyze circular dichroism (CD) in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in magnetic materials. We define RIXS-CD as the difference between scattering amplitudes for the right- and left-circularly polarized incoming photons and unpolarized (total) outgoing photons. We employ the impurity approximation, in which the interference between scattering events on different atoms is neglected. We perform the symmetry analysis of several common antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic structures and …

Lithographic integration of TES microcalorimeters with SQUID multiplexer circuits for large format spectrometers
Robinjeet Singh, Avirup Roy, Daniel Becker, Johnathan D. Gard, Mark W. Keller, John A. B. Mates, Kelsey M. Morgan, Nathan J. Ortiz, Daniel R. Schmidt, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Michael Vissers, Galen C. O'Neil, Joel C. Weber
…

Lithographic integration of TES microcalorimeters with SQUID multiplexer circuits for large format spectrometers
Arrays of hundreds or thousands of low temperature detectors have been deployed for many experiments, both bolometers for long wavelength applications and calorimeters for shorter wavelength applications. One challenge that is common to many of these arrays is the efficient use of focal plane area to achieve a large fill fraction of absorbers coupled to detectors. We are developing an integrated fabrication of soft X-ray transition edge sensors (TES) and microwave SQUID multiplexers ($μ$MUX) w…

A hybrid scheme for fixed points of a countable family of generalized non-expansive-type maps and generalized mixed equilibrium problems
Peter U. Nwokoro, Maria A. Onyido, Markjoe O. Uba, Cyril I. Udeani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23076

A hybrid scheme for fixed points of a countable family of generalized non-expansive-type maps and generalized mixed equilibrium problems
Let $Ω$ be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex real Banach space $\mathcal{X}$ with dual space $\mathcal{X}^*$. This article presents a hybrid algorithm for finding a common element of the set of solutions to a generalized mixed equilibrium problem and the set of common fixed points of a family of a general class of nonlinear nonexpansive maps. The results obtained were employed to study optimization problem. Our results and its applications complemen…

Reconstruction of X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves of GRBs and its implication for constraining Cosmological Parameters
Yu-Qi Zhou, Shuang-Xi Yi, Yu-Peng Yang, Jia-Lun Li, Jian-Ping Hu, Yan-Kun Qu, Fa-Yin Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14467

Reconstruction of X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves of GRBs and its implication for constraining Cosmological Parameters
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) serve as important cosmological probes, whose X-ray afterglow light curves (LCs) may exhibit a plateau phase (with temporal slope $α$ between 0 and 0.5) that may originate from magnetar energy injection. Similar to Type Ia Supernovae, GRBs with a common physical origin can be used as standardizable candles for cosmological studies. However, observational gaps in GRB light curves introduce significant uncertainties in plateau parameter estimation, thereby affecting cosmo…

Evaluating SAP Joule for Code Generation
Joshua Heisler, Johannes Reisinger, Andreas Fischer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24828 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24…

Evaluating SAP Joule for Code Generation
SAP has released its own proprietary generative model SAP Joule, intended for various generative tasks, including serving as a code assistant for software engineers. While Joule is yet not focused on SAP-specific ABAP code generation, it can be used for other common languages, including Javascript. This paper compares SAP Joules Javascript coding capabilities against a total of 29 other models using the HumanEval-X Javascript benchmark. SAP Joule achieves a strict accuracy of 80.49% as the fift…

Instability of the Sherman-Morrison formula and stabilization by iterative refinement
Behnam Hashemi, Yuji Nakatsukasa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01696 https://

Instability of the Sherman-Morrison formula and stabilization by iterative refinement
Owing to its simplicity and efficiency, the Sherman-Morrison (SM) formula has seen widespread use across various scientific and engineering applications for solving rank-one perturbed linear systems of the form $(A+uv^T)x = b$. Although the formula dates back at least to 1944, its numerical stability properties have remained an open question and continue to be a topic of current research. We analyze the backward stability of the SM, demonstrate its instability in a scenario increasingly common …

Interesting piece in Nature last week about Antarctic research infrastructure. China has just opened it's fifth station, as the US retreats from science in general, and especially polar research. Many countries in Europe are also rather weakly present in the Antarctic, and there is no common EU programme.
In Denmark, we haven't even ratified the Madrid protocols for environmental protection of Antarctica, never mind signed the Antarctic Treaty. In spite of the actually rather strong Danish input to Antarctic research in general - much of which is driven by the fact that our future sea level rise will be largely determined by what happens in the Antarctic.
#Antarctica #PolarREsearch #ArcticScience #PolarScience
Edit: broken link, apologies, try this
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02157-x

Duplicating Deceit: Inauthentic Behavior Among Indian Misinformation Duplicators on X/Twitter
Ashfaq Ali Shafin, Bogdan Carbunar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13636

Duplicating Deceit: Inauthentic Behavior Among Indian Misinformation Duplicators on X/Twitter
This paper investigates inauthentic duplication on social media, where multiple accounts share identical misinformation tweets. Leveraging a dataset of misinformation verified by AltNews, an Indian fact-checking organization, we analyze over 12 million posts from 5,493 accounts known to have duplicated such content. Contrary to common assumptions that bots are primarily responsible for spreading false information, fewer than 1\% of these accounts exhibit bot-like behavior. We present TweeXster,…

Aligned Stellar Obliquities for Two Hot Jupiter-hosting M Dwarfs Revealed by MAROON-X: Implications for Hot Jupiter Formation
Drew Weisserman, Erik Gillis, Ryan Cloutier, Nina Brown, Jacob L. Bean, Andreas Seifahrt, Tanya Das, Madison Brady, Bertram Bitsch, Emily Deibert, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, Noah Fenlon, Laura Kreidberg, Michael Line, Ralph Pudritz, Evgenya L. Shkolnik, Luis Welbanks

Aligned Stellar Obliquities for Two Hot Jupiter-hosting M Dwarfs Revealed by MAROON-X: Implications for Hot Jupiter Formation
Hot Jupiters (HJs) are $2-3\times$ less common around early M dwarfs than around AFGK stars, suggesting that HJs may form and/or migrate via distinct pathways around different types of stars. One source of insight into HJ formation mechanisms is to trace their dynamical histories through measurements of host stellar obliquities via the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect. Here we present measurements of the RM effect for the HJs TOI-3714 b and TOI-5293 A b using the Gemini-North/MAROON-X spectrogra…

Structured linear factor models for tail dependence
Alexis Boulin, Axel B\"ucher
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16340 https://arxiv.…

Structured linear factor models for tail dependence
A common object to describe the extremal dependence of a $d$-variate random vector $X$ is the stable tail dependence function $L$. Various parametric models have emerged, with a popular subclass consisting of those stable tail dependence functions that arise for linear and max-linear factor models with heavy tailed factors. The stable tail dependence function is then parameterized by a $d \times K$ matrix $A$, where $K$ is the number of factors and where $A$ can be interpreted as a factor loadi…

A Dual-Feature Extractor Framework for Accurate Back Depth and Spine Morphology Estimation from Monocular RGB Images
Yuxin Wei, Yue Zhang, Moxin Zhao, Chang Shi, Jason P. Y. Cheung, Teng Zhang, Nan Meng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22691

A Dual-Feature Extractor Framework for Accurate Back Depth and Spine Morphology Estimation from Monocular RGB Images
Scoliosis is a prevalent condition that impacts both physical health and appearance, with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) being the most common form. Currently, the main AIS assessment tool, X-rays, poses significant limitations, including radiation exposure and limited accessibility in poor and remote areas. To address this problem, the current solutions are using RGB images to analyze spine morphology. However, RGB images are highly susceptible to environmental factors, such as lighting…

From Wide Triples to UCXBs: Multimessenger Detection of Dynamically-formed Black Hole-White Dwarf Systems with LISA
Zeyuan Xuan, Cheyanne Shariat, Smadar Naoz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13264

From Wide Triples to UCXBs: Multimessenger Detection of Dynamically-formed Black Hole-White Dwarf Systems with LISA
Ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) are a subclass of low-mass X-ray binaries characterized by tight orbits and degenerate donors, which pose significant challenges to our understanding of their formation. Recent discoveries of black hole (BH) candidates with main-sequence (MS) or red giant (RG) companions suggest that BH-white dwarf (BH-WD) binaries are common in the Galactic field. Motivated by these observations and the fact that most massive stars are born in triples, we show that wide BH-W…