Tootfinder

Position: Human Factors Reshape Adversarial Analysis in Human-AI Decision-Making Systems
Shutong Fan, Lan Zhang, Xiaoyong Yuan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21436 https://

Position: Human Factors Reshape Adversarial Analysis in Human-AI Decision-Making Systems
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly supports human decision-making, its vulnerability to adversarial attacks grows. However, the existing adversarial analysis predominantly focuses on fully autonomous AI systems, where decisions are executed without human intervention. This narrow focus overlooks the complexities of human-AI collaboration, where humans interpret, adjust, and act upon AI-generated decisions. Trust, expectations, and cognitive behaviors influence how humans interact with…

What are the limits to biomedical research acceleration through general-purpose AI?
Konstantin Hebenstreit, Constantin Convalexius, Stephan Reichl, Stefan Huber, Christoph Bock, Matthias Samwald
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16613

What are the limits to biomedical research acceleration through general-purpose AI?
Although general-purpose artificial intelligence (GPAI) is widely expected to accelerate scientific discovery, its practical limits in biomedicine remain unclear. We assess this potential by developing a framework of GPAI capabilities across the biomedical research lifecycle. Our scoping literature review indicates that current GPAI could deliver a speed increase of around 2x, whereas future GPAI could facilitate strong acceleration of up to 25x for physical tasks and 100x for cognitive tasks. …

Artificial phantasia: Evidence for propositional reasoning-based mental imagery in large language models https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23108 on the representation of visual imagery in humans; more information in the Bluesky thread

Artificial Phantasia: Evidence for Propositional Reasoning-Based Mental Imagery in Large Language Models
This study offers a novel approach for benchmarking complex cognitive behavior in artificial systems. Almost universally, Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best on tasks which may be included in their training data and can be accomplished solely using natural language, limiting our understanding of their emergent sophisticated cognitive capacities. In this work, we created dozens of novel items of a classic mental imagery task from cognitive psychology. A task which, traditionally, cognitive…

Maybe AI Was Never a Tool
They can deliver conclusions that feel complete but skip the struggle that gives thought its humanity. This is what I call anti-intelligence—not stupidity, but perhaps better expressed as a kind of counterfeit cognition. It's intelligence without friction that results in output—built in that shared cognitive dynamic—that looks like insight but has bypassed the work that makes insight truly yours.

Maybe AI Was Never a Tool
Using artificial intelligence "responsibly" assumes it is just another tool—it isn't.

A Comprehensive Review of AI Agents: Transforming Possibilities in Technology and Beyond
Xiaodong Qu, Andrews Damoah, Joshua Sherwood, Peiyan Liu, Christian Shun Jin, Lulu Chen, Minjie Shen, Nawwaf Aleisa, Zeyuan Hou, Chenyu Zhang, Lifu Gao, Yanshu Li, Qikai Yang, Qun Wang, Cristabelle De Souza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11957

A Comprehensive Review of AI Agents: Transforming Possibilities in Technology and Beyond
Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have rapidly evolved from specialized, rule-based programs to versatile, learning-driven autonomous systems capable of perception, reasoning, and action in complex environments. The explosion of data, advances in deep learning, reinforcement learning, and multi-agent coordination have accelerated this transformation. Yet, designing and deploying unified AI agents that seamlessly integrate cognition, planning, and interaction remains a grand challenge. In this…

High-performance neuromorphic computing architecture of brain
Jinxuan Ma, Wanlin Guo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03191 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.03191

High-performance neuromorphic computing architecture of brain
Artificial intelligence can outperform humans in specific tasks but consumes substantial energy. How the human brain can work at just 20 watts with complex cognitive intelligence? Here we decode the fundamental information strategy unit of brain, neural sphere, which agglomerates neurons into sphere to achieve energy-efficient and exhibits many ultra-long period or random electrophysiological activities. Chaos dynamics and fractal theory demonstrated the mathematical principle of neural spheres…