Tootfinder

Universality of Shallow Global Quenches in Critical Spin Chains
Julia Wei, M\'eabh Allen, Jack Kemp, Chenbing Wang, Zixia Wei, Joel E. Moore, Norman Y. Yao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22773

Universality of Shallow Global Quenches in Critical Spin Chains
Measuring universal data in the strongly correlated regime of quantum critical points remains a fundamental objective for quantum simulators. In foundational work, Calabrese and Cardy demonstrated how this data governs the dynamics of certain global quenches to 1+1-dimensional conformal field theories. While the quasiparticle picture they introduce has been widely successful in both theory and experiment, their seminal prediction that the critical exponents are simply encoded in the relaxation …

Quark mass dependence of a QCD critical point and structure of the Columbia plot
Julian Bernhardt, Christian S. Fischer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21680 https://

Quark mass dependence of a QCD critical point and structure of the Columbia plot
We study the quark-mass dependence of the QCD critical point at varying bare up/down quark masses with fixed strange quark mass. We explore the corresponding second-order critical surface in the three-dimensional Columbia plot and study the extension of the associated crossover hyperplane at real and imaginary baryon chemical potential. To this end, we employ a by now well-tested combination of lattice Yang--Mills theory and a (truncated) version of Dyson--Schwinger equations at $N_f=2+1$ quark…

Graph Theory Meets Federated Learning over Satellite Constellations: Spanning Aggregations, Network Formation, and Performance Optimization
Fardis Nadimi, Payam Abdisarabshali, Jacob Chakareski, Nicholas Mastronarde, Seyyedali Hosseinalipour
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24932

Graph Theory Meets Federated Learning over Satellite Constellations: Spanning Aggregations, Network Formation, and Performance Optimization
We introduce Fed-Span, a novel federated/distributed learning framework designed for low Earth orbit satellite constellations. By leveraging graph-theoretic principles, Fed-Span addresses critical challenges inherent to distributed learning in dynamic satellite networks, including intermittent satellite connectivity, heterogeneous computational capabilities of satellites, and time-varying satellites' datasets. At its core, Fed-Span builds upon minimum spanning tree (MST) and minimum spanning fo…

Towards Cognitive Synergy in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Theory of Mind and Critical Evaluation
Adam Kostka, Jaros{\l}aw A. Chudziak
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21969

Towards Cognitive Synergy in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Theory of Mind and Critical Evaluation
Recently, the field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has gained popularity as researchers are trying to develop artificial intelligence capable of efficient collective reasoning. Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in isolated tasks, yet struggle with higher-order cognition required for adaptive collaboration. Human teams achieve synergy not only through knowledge sharing, but also through recursive reasoning, structured critique, and the ability to infer others' mental states…

Spontaneous Space-Time Parity Breaking Without Thermal Restoration
Bilal Hawashin, Michael M. Scherer, Michael Smolkin, Lev Yung
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19890 https://…

Spontaneous Space-Time Parity Breaking Without Thermal Restoration
We construct an ultraviolet-complete, local, and unitary quantum field theory in 2+1 dimensions that exhibits spontaneous breaking of space-time parity, persisting to arbitrarily high temperatures. The theory is defined by a renormalization group trajectory, triggered by a relevant deformation of a conformal field theory, consisting of a critical biconical vector model and a free massless Dirac fermion. This deformation couples the fermion to the scalar sector, generating a renormalization grou…

Anomalous Scaling Behaviors of the Green's Function in Critical Skin Effects
Yifei Yi, Zhesen Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20843 https://arxiv.org/p…

Anomalous Scaling Behaviors of the Green's Function in Critical Skin Effects
We study the Green's functions in non-Hermitian systems exhibiting the critical non-Hermitian skin effect (critical NHSE) using a double-chain Hatano-Nelson model with inter-chain coupling $Δ$. For $Δ=0$, the system decouples into two independent chains, and the Green's functions follow predictable patterns based on the GBZ theory. For small $Δ$ ($Δ=1/10000$), in conventional regions with trivial OBC spectral winding numbers, inter-chain coupling induces a zigzag scaling structure in Green'…

Investigating CO Adsorption on Cu(111) and Rh(111) Surfaces Using Machine Learning Exchange-Correlation Functionals
Xinyuan Liang, Renxi Liu, Mohan Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21789

Investigating CO Adsorption on Cu(111) and Rh(111) Surfaces Using Machine Learning Exchange-Correlation Functionals
The "CO adsorption puzzle", a persistent failure of utilizing generalized gradient approximations (GGA) in density functional theory to replicate CO's experimental preference for top-site adsorption on transition-metal surfaces, remains a critical barrier in surface chemistry. While hybrid functionals such as HSE06 partially resolve this discrepancy, their prohibitive computational cost limits broader applications. We tackle this issue by adopting the Deep Kohn-Sham (DeePKS) method to train mac…

Robustness of 'small' networks
Jessica Jiang, Allison C. Zhuang, Petter Holme, Peter J. Mucha, Alice C. Schwarze
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23670 https://

Robustness of 'small' networks
Modeling how networks change under structural perturbations can yield foundational insights into network robustness, which is critical in many real-world applications. The largest connected component is a popular measure of network performance. Percolation theory provides a theoretical framework to establish statistical properties of the largest connected component of large random graphs. However, this theoretical framework is typically only exact in the large-$\nodes$ limit, failing to capture…

Dependability Theory-based Statistical QoS Provisioning of Fluid Antenna Systems
Irfan Muhammad, Priyadarshi Mukherjee, Wee Kiat New, Hirley Alves, Ioannis Krikidis, Kai-Kit Wong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19984

Dependability Theory-based Statistical QoS Provisioning of Fluid Antenna Systems
Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have recently emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless networks, offering real-time spatial reconfiguration to enhance reliability, throughput, and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, existing studies often overlook the temporal dynamics of channel fading and their implications for mission-critical operations. In this paper, we propose a dependability-theoretic framework for statistical quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning of FAS under finite bloc…

Stability of standing waves for all frequencies to nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations with potentials in one dimension
Noriyoshi Fukaya, Masahiro Ikeda, Hiroaki Kikuchi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23016

Stability of standing waves for all frequencies to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials in one dimension
In this paper, we study the orbital stability of standing waves for one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials. We show that the standing waves are orbitally stable for all frequencies in the $L^{2}$- subcritical and critical cases. Since the presence of potentials breaks the scale invariance of the equations, it is a delicate problem to apply the abstract theory of Grillakis, Shatah, and Strauss (1987) directly without a perturbative argument. For this reason, little is k…

Continuous transition from Fermi liquid to A fractional Chern insulator
Ya-Hui Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22130 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.22130

Continuous transition from Fermi liquid to A fractional Chern insulator
Recent experiments in moiré materials have observed fractional Chern insulators (FCI) at zero magnetic field, providing an opportunity to study the transition from FCI to the more conventional phases such as Fermi liquid (FL) and superconductor (SC) by tuning the interaction strength or bandwidth. In this work, we formulate a critical theory for a continuous transition at the filling $ν=\frac{2}{3}$ between the FL and a FCI* phase that hosts an additional neutral sector, but has the same tran…

Heat Capacity and the Violation of Scaling Laws in Gravitational System
Shi-Bei Kong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20992 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.20992

Heat Capacity and the Violation of Scaling Laws in Gravitational System
In this paper, we examine the scaling laws in gravitational system from the perspective of free energy landscape. It has been found that for some special black holes, their critical exponents are beyond mean field theory, and more surprisingly violate the scaling laws. We find that the main reason for the violation of the scaling laws is that the heat capacity at constant volume for these black holes is 0, so the critical exponent $α$ is often treated as 0 and can not be derived from the scali…

Boosting Skeleton-Driven SMT Solver Fuzzing by Leveraging LLM to Produce Formula Generators
Maolin Sun, Yibiao Yang, Yuming Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20340 https://…

Boosting Skeleton-Driven SMT Solver Fuzzing by Leveraging LLM to Produce Formula Generators
Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers are foundational to modern systems and programming languages research, providing the foundation for tasks like symbolic execution and automated verification. Because these solvers sit on the critical path, their correctness is essential, and high-quality test formulas are key to uncovering bugs. However, while prior testing techniques performed well on earlier solver versions, they struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving features. Recent approaches…

Theory of superconductivity and mass enhancement near CDW critical point based on Bethe-Salpeter equation method: application to cuprates
Youichi Yamakawa, Hiroshi Kontani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19536

Theory of superconductivity and mass enhancement near CDW critical point based on Bethe-Salpeter equation method: application to cuprates
In recent years, charge-channel orders in strongly correlated metals have attracted great attention. Famous examples are the electronic nematic orders in cuprates and iron-based superconductors, and Star-of-David order in kagome metals. Critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity arising from fluctuations of such charge-channel orders are central issues today; however, the essential role is played by the vertex corrections, which are the many-body effects that are dropped in convent…

Court rules Arkansas can enforce classroom ban on critical race theory (Lexi Lonas Cochran/The Hill)
https://thehill.com/homenews/education/5406053-arkansas-critical-race-theory-ban-crt-first-amendment/
http://www.memeorandum.com/250717/p78#a250717p78

Comprehensive characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic properties of arterial tissues using guided-wave optical coherence elastography
Yuxuan Jiang, Guo-Yang Li, Ruizhi Wang, Xu Feng, Yanhang Zhang, Seok-Hyun Yun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20107

Comprehensive characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic properties of arterial tissues using guided-wave optical coherence elastography
The mechanical properties of arterial walls are critical for maintaining vascular function under pulsatile pressure and are closely linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in imaging and elastography, comprehensive characterization of the complex mechanical behavior of arterial tissues remains challenging. Here, we present a broadband guided-wave optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique, grounded in viscoelasto-acoustic theory, for quantifying the nonlinear …

Cognitive Load Limits in Large Language Models: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Reasoning
Sai Teja Reddy Adapala
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19517 https://arxiv.org/…

Cognitive Load Limits in Large Language Models: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Reasoning
The scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exposed a critical gap between their performance on static benchmarks and their fragility in dynamic, information-rich environments. While models excel at isolated tasks, the computational limits that govern their reasoning under cognitive load remain poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a formal theory of computational cognitive load, positing that extraneous, task-irrelevant information (Context Saturation) and interference from task-sw…

Fidelity zeros and Lee-Yang theory of quantum phase transitions
Tian-Yi Gu, Gaoyong Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20258 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.20258…

Fidelity zeros and Lee-Yang theory of quantum phase transitions
Lee-Yang theory is central to the analysis of thermal phase transitions. However, the underlying mechanism of the theory and the nature of Lee-Yang zeros in quantum many-body systems remains elusive. Here, we develop a unified framework for understanding quantum phase transitions from fidelity zeros induced by symmetry breaking. These zeros, arising from transitions between symmetry sectors, obey the Lee-Yang theorem and give rise to fidelity edges near critical points. Quantum criticality is f…

Strain-Controlled Topological Phase Transitions and Chern Number Reversal in Two-Dimensional Altermagnets
Zesen Fu, Mengli Hu, Aolin Li, Haiming Duan, Junwei Liu, Fangping Ouyang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22474

Strain-Controlled Topological Phase Transitions and Chern Number Reversal in Two-Dimensional Altermagnets
We present a theoretical and first-principles study of a two-dimensional altermagnet exhibiting spin-valley locking and strain-tunable topological phases. By constructing a minimal tight-binding model constrained by altermagnetic symmetry, we show that biaxial strain can drive a transition from a trivial insulator to a type-II quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase. Furthermore, we derive an analytical strain-induced perturbation theory that identifies two critical curves, dividing the phase space into …

SYK collective field theory as complex Liouville gravity
Andreas Blommaert, Damiano Tietto, Herman Verlinde
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18462 https://arxiv.…

An Explainable Equity-Aware P2P Energy Trading Framework for Socio-Economically Diverse Microgrid
Abhijan Theja, Mayukha Pal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18738 https://

An Explainable Equity-Aware P2P Energy Trading Framework for Socio-Economically Diverse Microgrid
Fair and dynamic energy allocation in community microgrids remains a critical challenge, particularly when serving socio-economically diverse participants. Static optimization and cost-sharing methods often fail to adapt to evolving inequities, leading to participant dissatisfaction and unsustainable cooperation. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), cooperative game theory, and a dynamic equity-adjustment mechanism driven…

Critical edge sets in vertex-critical graphs
Ema Skottova, Raphael Steiner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08703 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.08703

Critical edge sets in vertex-critical graphs
Criticality is a fundamental notion in graph theory that has been studied continually since its introduction in the early 50s by Dirac. A graph is called $k$-vertex-critical ($k$-edge-critical) if it is $k$-chromatic but removing any vertex (edge) lowers the chromatic number to $k-1$. A set of edges in a graph is called critical if its removal reduces the chromatic number of the graph. In 1970, Dirac conjectured a rather strong distinction between the notions of vertex- and edge-criticality, …

Predicting Chemically Accurate Adsorption Energy Using an Interpretable Deep Learning Model Pretrained by GGA Calculation Data
Zhihao Zhang, Xiao-Ming Cao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20496

Predicting Chemically Accurate Adsorption Energy Using an Interpretable Deep Learning Model Pretrained by GGA Calculation Data
Molecular adsorption energy is a critical descriptor for high-throughput screening of heterogeneous catalysts and electrode materials. However, precise experimental adsorption energies are scarce due to the complexity of experiments, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations remain computationally expensive for large-scale material screening. Machine learning models trained on DFT data have emerged as a promising alternative, but face challenges such as functional dependency, limited l…

Superconducting density of states of PtPb4
Pablo Garc\'ia Talavera, Jose Antonio Moreno, Edwin Herrera, Alexander I. Buzdin, Sergey L. Bud'ko, Paul C. Canfield, Isabel Guillam\'on, Hermann Suderow
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21013

Superconducting density of states of PtPb4
PtPb$_4$ is a type II superconductor with a bulk critical temperature $T_{c}\approx 3 $K and an upper critical field of $H_{c2}=0.36 $T. PtPb$_4$ is related to non-superconducting PtSn$_4$, which presents nodal arc states at the surface. Here we measure the superconducting density of states of PtPb$_4$ using millikelvin Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). We observe a fully opened superconducting gap of $Δ=0.48$\ meV similar to expectations from Bardeen Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) theory ($Δ…

Exploring Gender Differences in Tertiary Mathematics-Intensive Fields: A Critical Review of Social Cognitive Career Theory
Huayu Gao, Tanya Evans, Gavin Brown
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12180

Exploring Gender Differences in Tertiary Mathematics-Intensive Fields: A Critical Review of Social Cognitive Career Theory
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) has been extensively employed to elucidate the enduring gender differences in mathematics-intensive fields, with a particular emphasis on the complex interplay of motivational factors and extra-personal influences contributing to the underrepresentation of women. Although a plethora of empirical studies corroborate SCCT, three crucial aspects for refinement have come to the fore. First, the theory should place a more substantial emphasis on how cultural and…

Atomistic understanding of hydrogen bubble-induced embrittlement in tungsten enabled by machine learning molecular dynamics
Yu Bao, Keke Song, Jiahui Liu, Yanzhou Wang, Yifei Ning, Penghua Ying, Ping Qian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20350

Atomistic understanding of hydrogen bubble-induced embrittlement in tungsten enabled by machine learning molecular dynamics
Hydrogen bubble formation within nanoscale voids is a critical mechanism underlying the embrittlement of metallic materials, yet its atomistic origins remains elusive. Here, we present an accurate and transferable machine-learned potential (MLP) for the tungsten-hydrogen binary system within the neuroevolution potential (NEP) framework, trained through active learning on extensive density functional theory data. The developed NEP-WH model reproduces a wide range of lattice and defect properties…

Position: Human-Robot Interaction in Embodied Intelligence Demands a Shift From Static Privacy Controls to Dynamic Learning
Shuning Zhang, Hong Jia, Simin Li, Ting Dang, Yongquan `Owen' Hu, Xin Yi, Hewu Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19041

Replaced article(s) found for nucl-th. https://arxiv.org/list/nucl-th/new
[1/1]:
- A critical assessment of the current implementations of the Generator Coordinate Method
Aurel Bulgac
…

From Kinetic Theory to AI: a Rediscovery of High-Dimensional Divergences and Their Properties
Gennaro Auricchio, Giovanni Brigati, Paolo Giudici, Giuseppe Toscani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11387

From Kinetic Theory to AI: a Rediscovery of High-Dimensional Divergences and Their Properties
Selecting an appropriate divergence measure is a critical aspect of machine learning, as it directly impacts model performance. Among the most widely used, we find the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, originally introduced in kinetic theory as a measure of relative entropy between probability distributions. Just as in machine learning, the ability to quantify the proximity of probability distributions plays a central role in kinetic theory. In this paper, we present a comparative review of div…

Boundary bootstrap for the three-dimensional O($N$) normal universality class
Runzhe Hu, Wenliang Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20854 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Boundary bootstrap for the three-dimensional O($N$) normal universality class
The three-dimensional classical O($N$) model with a boundary has received renewed interest due to the discovery of the extraordinary-log boundary university class for $2\leq N< N_\text{c}$. The exponent of the spin correlator and the critical value $N_c$ are related to certain universal amplitudes in the normal universality class. To determine their precise values, we revisit the 3d O($N$) boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) for $N=1, 2, 3, 4, 5$. After substantially improving the accuracy o…

Geodesic nets via eigenvalue optimisation
Duc Hoang Cao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16331 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.16331

Geodesic nets via eigenvalue optimisation
We explore a connection between geodesic nets and quantum graphs optimising certain functionals from spectral theory. For surfaces, critical metrics for the normalised $k^{\mathrm{th}}$ eigenvalue of the Laplacian give rise to isometric minimal immersions to a unit sphere. In this spirit we obtain geodesic nets from optimal quantum graphs, and obstructions to the existence of critical metrics.

Sharp phase transition in the grand canonical $\Phi^3$ measure at critical chemical potential
Nikolay Barashkov, Kihoon Seong, Philippe Sosoe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08427 ht…

Sharp phase transition in the grand canonical $Φ^3$ measure at critical chemical potential
We study the phase transition and critical phenomenon for the grand canonical $Φ^3$ measure in two-dimensional Euclidean quantum field theory. The study of this measure was initiated by Jaffe, Bourgain, and Carlen--Fröhlich--Lebowitz, primarily in regimes far from criticality. We identify a critical chemical potential and show that the measure exhibits a sharp phase transition at this critical threshold. At the critical threshold, the analysis is based on establishing the correlation decay of…

Replaced article(s) found for math.GR. https://arxiv.org/list/math.GR/new
[1/1]:
- On the absence of quantitatively critical measure equivalence couplings
Corentin Correia

Cognitive Load Limits in Large Language Models: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Reasoning
Sai Teja Reddy Adapala
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19517 https://arxiv.org/…

Cognitive Load Limits in Large Language Models: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Reasoning
The scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exposed a critical gap between their performance on static benchmarks and their fragility in dynamic, information-rich environments. While models excel at isolated tasks, the computational limits that govern their reasoning under cognitive load remain poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a formal theory of computational cognitive load, positing that extraneous, task-irrelevant information (Context Saturation) and interference from task-sw…

Non-integrability of the Critical Systems for Optimal Sums of Eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville Operators
Yuzhou Tian, Meirong Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09250 https://

Non-integrability of the Critical Systems for Optimal Sums of Eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville Operators
The optimal lower or upper bounds for sums of the first $m$ eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville operators can be obtained by solving the corresponding critical systems, which are Hamiltonian systems of $m$ degrees of freedom with $m$ parameters. With the help of the differential Galois theory, we prove that these critical systems are not meromorphic integrable except for two known completely integrable cases. The non-integrability of the critical systems reveal certain complexities for the original …

$C^1$ perturbations of a continuum of critical points
Rafael Ortega, Antonio J. Urena
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10457 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.10457

$C^1$ perturbations of a continuum of critical points
Given a real valued function having a nondegenerate compact manifold of critical points, some of these points survive under small $C^2$ perturbations. This is a well-known result in critical point theory. In 1986 Weinstein obtained the analogous conclusions when the perturbation is only $C^2$ and the ambient space is a finite dimensional manifold. In this work we present a complete proof for $C^1$ perturbations in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces.

Mesoscience-based structural theory for heterogeneous gas-solid flows
Yige Liu, Bidan Zhao, Junwu Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11010 https://

Mesoscience-based structural theory for heterogeneous gas-solid flows
Quantification of the spatiotemporal dynamics of heterogeneous gas-solid flows is critical for the design, scale-up and optimization of gas-solid reactors. In this article, by using the core concept of mesoscience (the compromise in competition between dominant mechanisms), a mathematically rigorous procedure is proposed to develop a mesoscience-based structural theory for the dynamics of heterogeneous gas-solid flows via describing the physical states corresponding to the realization of domina…

Kinetic field theory of compact systems
Matthias Bartelmann, James Stokes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02459 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02459

Kinetic field theory of compact systems
The kinetic field theory is developed without assumptions of statistical homogeneity and isotropy. In a solvable toy model with short-ranged interactions, we compare first-order perturbation theory to an iterated mean-field approximation scheme, demonstrating that the mean-field theory maintains positivity and captures collapse dynamics, allowing analytic estimates of blow-up times. In a self-gravitating sheet model, the first-order perturbation theory is shown to reproduce critical phenomena. …

Predicting Structural Relaxation in Supercooled Small Molecules via Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Microscopic Theory
Anh D. Phan, Ngo T. Que, Nguyen T. T. Duyen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12092

Predicting Structural Relaxation in Supercooled Small Molecules via Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Microscopic Theory
Understanding and predicting the glassy dynamics of small organic molecules is critical for applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to energy and food preservation. In this work, we present a theoretical framework that combines molecular dynamics simulations and Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) theory to predict the structural relaxation behavior of small organic glass-formers. By using propanol, glucose, fructose, and trehalose as model systems, we estimate the glas…

Toward a Multi-Echelon Cyber Warfare Theory: A Meta-Game-Theoretic Paradigm for Defense and Dominance
Ya-Ting Yang, Quanyan Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08976 https://

Toward a Multi-Echelon Cyber Warfare Theory: A Meta-Game-Theoretic Paradigm for Defense and Dominance
Cyber warfare has become a central element of modern conflict, especially within multi-domain operations. As both a distinct and critical domain, cyber warfare requires integrating defensive and offensive technologies into coherent strategies. While prior research has emphasized isolated tactics or fragmented technologies, a holistic understanding is essential for effective resource deployment and risk mitigation. Game theory offers a unifying framework for this purpose. It not only models atta…

Zurek's scaling-law in the Ising model out of thermal equilibrium
Jos\'e Armando P\'erez-Loera, Wolfgang Bietenholz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16168

Zurek's scaling-law in the Ising model out of thermal equilibrium
The Kibble mechanism plays a prominent role in the theory of the early Universe, as an explanation of the possible formation of cosmic strings. Zurek suggested the analogous effect in liquid helium under rapid cooling, and he conjectured - together with del Campo and Kibble - a scaling-law for the relation between the density of remnant topological defects and the cooling rate, when a system passes through its critical temperature. Such scaling-laws were indeed observed in condensed matter expe…

Monitoring Nitric Oxide in Trigeminal Neuralgia Rats with a Cerium Single-Atom Nanozyme Electrochemical Biosensor
Kangling Tian, Fuhua Li, Ran Chen, Shihong Chen, Wenbin Wei, Yihang Shen, Muzi Xu, Chunxian Guo, Luigi G. Occhipinti, Hong Bin Yang, Fangxin Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17448

Monitoring Nitric Oxide in Trigeminal Neuralgia Rats with a Cerium Single-Atom Nanozyme Electrochemical Biosensor
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most common neuropathic disorder; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. A prevailing theory suggests that nitric oxide (NO) may induce nerve compression and irritation via vascular dilation, thereby being responsible for the condition, making real-time detection of generated NO critical. However, traditional evaluations of NO rely on indirect colorimetric or chemiluminescence techniques, which offer limited sensitivity and spatial resolution for its real-ti…

Global properties of the energy landscape: a testing and training arena for machine learned potentials
Vlad C\u{a}rare, Fabian L. Thiemann, Joe Morrow, David J. Wales, Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp, Luke Dicks
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16425

Global properties of the energy landscape: a testing and training arena for machine learned potentials
Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have achieved remarkable accuracy on standard benchmarks, yet their ability to reproduce molecular kinetics -- critical for reaction rate calculations -- remains largely unexplored. We introduce Landscape17, a dataset of complete kinetic transition networks (KTNs) for the molecules of the MD17 dataset, computed using hybrid-level density functional theory. Each KTN contains minima, transition states, and approximate steepest-descent paths, along w…

Critical Points and Syzygies for Feynman Integrals
Ben Page, Qian Song
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17681 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.17681

Critical Points and Syzygies for Feynman Integrals
We investigate a novel theoretical structure underlying the computation of integration-by-parts relations between Feynman integrals via syzygy-based methods. Building on insights from intersection theory, we analyze the large-$ε$ limit of dimensional regularization on the maximal cut, showing that total derivatives vanish on the critical locus of the logarithm of the Baikov polynomial--the locus known to govern the number of master integrals. We introduce "critical syzygies" as a distinguished…

Sodium-Decorated Ennea-Graphene: A Novel 2D Carbon Allotrope for High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage
Bill D. Aparicio Huacarpuma, Jos\'e A. S. Laranjeira, Nicolas F. Martins, Julio R. Sambrano, F\'abio L. Lopes de Mendon\c{c}a, Alexandre C. Dias, Luiz A. Ribeiro Junior
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19060

Sodium-Decorated Ennea-Graphene: A Novel 2D Carbon Allotrope for High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage
The development of safe, efficient, and reversible hydrogen storage materials is critical for advancing hydrogen-based energy technologies and achieving carbon-neutral goals. Ennea-Graphene, a new 2D carbon allotrope made of 4-, 5-, 6-, and mainly 9-membered carbon rings (nonagons), is introduced via Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Phonon dispersion and ab initio molecular dynamics demonstrate that the monolayer is mechanically and dynamically stable at 300 K, as no imaginary mode…

Well-posedness of the Boltzmann and Landau Equations in Critical Spaces
Ke Chen, Quoc-Hung Nguyen, Tong Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14845 https://arxiv…

Well-posedness of the Boltzmann and Landau Equations in Critical Spaces
This paper investigates the well-posedness of the inhomogeneous Boltzmann and Landau equations in critical function spaces, a fundamental open problem in kinetic theory. We develop a new analytical framework to establish local well-posedness near a global Maxwellian for both equations, under the assumption that the initial perturbation is small in a critical norm. A major contribution lies in the introduction of a novel anisotropic norm adapted to the intrinsic scaling invariance of the equatio…

Statistical Theory of Multi-stage Newton Iteration Algorithm for Online Continual Learning
Xinjia Lu, Chuhan Wang, Qian Zhao, Lixing Zhu, Xuehu Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07419

Statistical Theory of Multi-stage Newton Iteration Algorithm for Online Continual Learning
We focus on the critical challenge of handling non-stationary data streams in online continual learning environments, where constrained storage capacity prevents complete retention of historical data, leading to catastrophic forgetting during sequential task training. To more effectively analyze and address the problem of catastrophic forgetting in continual learning, we propose a novel continual learning framework from a statistical perspective. Our approach incorporates random effects across …

Global Bifurcations and Pattern Formation in Target-Offender-Guardian Crime Models
Madi Yerlanov, Qi Wang, Nancy Rodriguez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18146 https://

Ionospheric Electron Heat Flow Modulates Planetary Ambipolar Electric Fields
Liangliang Yuan, Shuanggen Jin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10218 https://arxiv.…

Ionospheric Electron Heat Flow Modulates Planetary Ambipolar Electric Fields
The ambipolar electrostatic field has long been recognized as a key driver of ion escape from planetary atmospheres. Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the generation of this field is critical for understanding atmospheric escape and the evolution of habitability on terrestrial planets. Yet, existing comparisons between ambipolar diffusion theory and in-situ potential measurements have largely neglected the effect of electron heat flow. Confronting the theory incorporating heat-flow eff…

Analyzing Time-Varying Scalar Fields using Piecewise-Linear Morse-Cerf Theory
Amritendu Dhar, Apratim Chakraborty, Vijay Natarajan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00725

Analyzing Time-Varying Scalar Fields using Piecewise-Linear Morse-Cerf Theory
Morse-Cerf theory considers a one-parameter family of smooth functions defined on a manifold and studies the evolution of their critical points with the parameter. This paper presents an adaptation of Morse-Cerf theory to a family of piecewise-linear (PL) functions. The vertex diagram and Cerf diagram are introduced as representations of the evolution of critical points of the PL function. The characterization of a crossing in the vertex diagram based on the homology of the lower links of verti…

Unified Field-integral Thermodynamics of Bose Mixtures: Stability and Critical Behavior
Yuan-Hong Chen, Renyuan Liao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11263 https://

Unified Field-integral Thermodynamics of Bose Mixtures: Stability and Critical Behavior
We establish a unified thermodynamic framework for Bose mixtures at finite temperatures based on the functional field integral, within which the decision on whether to discard the anomalous densities, when determining the density configuration and stability matrix, yields distinct theories. Beyond the existing Hartree-Fock approximation and Ota-Giorgini-Stringari theory, retaining the anomalous densities throughout will provide a completely self-consistent thermodynamic description, requiring t…

Tensor-Tensor Products, Group Representations, and Semidefinite Programming
Alex Dunbar, Elizabeth Newman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12729 https://

Tensor-Tensor Products, Group Representations, and Semidefinite Programming
The $\star_M$-family of tensor-tensor products is a framework which generalizes many properties from linear algebra to third order tensors. Here, we investigate positive semidefiniteness and semidefinite programming under the $\star_M$-product. Critical to our investigation is a connection between the choice of matrix M in the $\star_M$-product and the representation theory of an underlying group action. Using this framework, third order tensors equipped with the $\star_M$-product are a natural…

Transient-Stability-Aware Frequency Provision in IBR-Rich Grids via Information Gap Decision Theory and Deep Learning
Amin Masoumi, Mert Korkali
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13265

Transient-Stability-Aware Frequency Provision in IBR-Rich Grids via Information Gap Decision Theory and Deep Learning
This paper introduces a framework to address the critical loss of transient stability caused by reduced inertia in grids with high inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration. The proposed method integrates a predictive deep learning (DL) model with information gap decision theory (IGDT) to create a risk-averse dispatch strategy. By reformulating the conventional virtual inertia scheduling (VIS) problem, the framework uses early predictions of post-fault dynamics to proactively redispatch resourc…

Exploring near critical lattice gauge simulators with Rydberg atoms facilities
Avi Kaufman, James Corona, Zane Ozzello, Blake Senseman, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Yannick Meurice
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14128

Exploring near critical lattice gauge simulators with Rydberg atoms facilities
We motivate the use of a ladder of Rydberg atoms as an analog simulator for a lattice gauge theory version of scalar electrodynamics also called the compact Abelian Higgs model. We demonstrate that by using a few thousand shots from a single copy of the ladder simulator it is possible to estimate the bipartite quantum von Neumann entanglement entropy $S^{vN}_A$. The estimation relies on an optimized filtration of the mutual information associated with the bitstrings obtained from public facilit…

Noise-Enabled Goal Attainment in Crowded Collectives
Lucy Liu, Justin Werfel, Federico Toschi, L. Mahadevan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08100 https://

Noise-Enabled Goal Attainment in Crowded Collectives
In crowded environments, individuals must navigate around other occupants to reach their destinations. Understanding and controlling traffic flows in these spaces is relevant to coordinating robot swarms and designing infrastructure for dense populations. Here, we combine simulations, theory, and robotic experiments to study how noisy motion can disrupt traffic jams and enable flow as agents travel to individual goals. Above a critical noise level, large jams do not persist. From this observati…

Siamese Neural Network for Label-Efficient Critical Phenomena Prediction in 3D Percolation Models
Shanshan Wang, Dian Xu, Jianmin Shen, Feng Gao, Wei Li, Weibing Deng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14159

Siamese Neural Network for Label-Efficient Critical Phenomena Prediction in 3D Percolation Models
Percolation theory serves as a cornerstone for studying phase transitions and critical phenomena, with broad implications in statistical physics, materials science, and complex networks. However, most machine learning frameworks for percolation analysis have focused on two-dimensional systems, oversimplifying the spatial correlations and morphological complexity of real-world three-dimensional materials. To bridge this gap and improve label efficiency and scalability in 3D systems, we propose a…

Generalized symmetry enriched criticality in (3 1)d
Benjamin Moy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15925 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.15925

Generalized symmetry enriched criticality in (3+1)d
We construct two classes of continuous phase transitions in 3+1 dimensions between phases that break distinct generalized global symmetries. Our analysis focuses on $SU(N)/\mathbb{Z}_N$ gauge theory coupled to $N_f$ flavors of Majorana fermions in the adjoint representation. For $N$ even and sufficiently large odd $N_f$, upon imposing time-reversal symmetry and an $SO(N_f)$ flavor symmetry, the massless theory realizes a quantum critical point between two gapped phases: one in which a $\mathbb{…

Correlations of the percolation energy field and its logarithmic partner
Federico Camia, Yu Feng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16047 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Correlations of the percolation energy field and its logarithmic partner
For site percolation on the triangular lattice, we define two lattice fields that form a logarithmic pair in the sense of conformal field theory. We show that, at the critical point, their two- and three-point correlation functions have well-defined scaling limits, whose structure agrees with that predicted for logarithmic field theories. One of the two fields can be identified with the percolation analog of the Ising energy field, while the other is related to the percolation four-arm event.

Exact infrared scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler scalar field theories
M. S. Mendes, J. F. S. Neto, R. F. Silva, H. A. S. Costa, P. R. S. Carvalho
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17533

Exact infrared scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler scalar field theories
We study the scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler massless scalar field theories in the infrared regime. For that, we compute analytically the radiative corrections to the corresponding anomalous dimensions, related to the critical exponents of the theory, first up to next-to-leading loop order and later for all-loop levels. We consider the effect of the Randers-Finsler space-time properties on the critical exponents by considering the parameter characterizing those space-times in its exact form…

Connecting Discrete Morse Functions via Birth-Death Transitions
Chong Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15736 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.15736

Connecting Discrete Morse Functions via Birth-Death Transitions
We study transformations between discrete Morse functions on a finite simplicial complex via birth-death transitions--elementary chain maps between discrete Morse complexes that either create or cancel pairs of critical simplices.We prove that any two discrete Morse functions f1, f2 on a finite simplicial complex K are linked by a finite sequence of such transitions.As applications, we present alternative proofs of several of Forman's fundamental results in discrete Morse theory and study the t…

On Accelerated Mixing of the No-U-turn Sampler
Stefan Oberd\"orster
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13259 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.…

On Accelerated Mixing of the No-U-turn Sampler
Recent progress on the theory of variational hypocoercivity established that Randomized Hamiltonian Monte Carlo -- at criticality -- can achieve pronounced acceleration in its convergence and hence sampling performance over diffusive dynamics. Manual critical tuning being unfeasible in practice has motivated automated algorithmic solutions, notably the No-U-turn Sampler. Beyond its empirical success, a rigorous study of this method's ability to achieve accelerated convergence has been missing. …

Phonons Drive the Topological Phase Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional Bi$_4$I$_4$
Wenjie Hu, Jiayi Gong, Yuhui Qiu, Lexian Yang, Jin-Jian Zhou, Yugui Yao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17268

Phonons Drive the Topological Phase Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional Bi$_4$I$_4$
Quasi-one-dimensional bismuth halides offer an exceptional platform for exploring diverse topological phases, yet the nature of the room-temperature topological phase transition in Bi$_4$I$_4$ remains unresolved. While theory predicts the high-temperature $β$-phase to be a strong topological insulator (TI), experiments observe a weak TI. Here we resolve this discrepancy by revealing the critical but previously overlooked role of electron-phonon coupling in driving the topological phase transit…

Non-radial solutions for the critical quasi-linear H\'{e}non equation involving $p$-Laplacian in $\R^N$
Wei Dai, Lixiu Duan, Changfeng Gui, Yuan Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13539

Non-radial solutions for the critical quasi-linear Hénon equation involving $p$-Laplacian in $\R^N$
In this paper, we investigate the following $D^{1,p}$-critical quasi-linear Hénon equation involving $p$-Laplacian \begin{equation*}\label{00} \left\{ \begin{aligned} &-Δ_p u=|x|^αu^{p_\al^*-1}, & x\in \R^N, \\ &u>0, & x\in \R^N, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} where $N\geq2$, $10$. By carefully studying the linearized problem and applying the approximation method and bifurcation theory, we prove that, when the parameter $\al$ ta…

A Dynamical Systems Framework for Reinforcement Learning Safety and Robustness Verification
Ahmed Nasir, Abdelhafid Zenati
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15588 https://

A Dynamical Systems Framework for Reinforcement Learning Safety and Robustness Verification
The application of reinforcement learning to safety-critical systems is limited by the lack of formal methods for verifying the robustness and safety of learned policies. This paper introduces a novel framework that addresses this gap by analyzing the combination of an RL agent and its environment as a discrete-time autonomous dynamical system. By leveraging tools from dynamical systems theory, specifically the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE), we identify and visualize Lagrangian Coherent …

Confirmation Bias as a Cognitive Resource in LLM-Supported Deliberation
Sander de Jong, Rune M{\o}berg Jacobsen, Niels van Berkel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14824 https://

Confirmation Bias as a Cognitive Resource in LLM-Supported Deliberation
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in group decision-making, but their influence risks fostering conformity and reducing epistemic vigilance. Drawing on the Argumentative Theory of Reasoning, we argue that confirmation bias, often seen as detrimental, can be harnessed as a resource when paired with critical evaluation. We propose a three-step process in which individuals first generate ideas independently, then use LLMs to refine and articulate them, and finally engage with LLMs…

The Fluctuation Theory, Critical Phenomena and Gravitational Clustering of Galaxies
M. S. Khan, M. H. Abdullah, Shah Zahir, Farooq Owais, Azmat Khan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04237

The Fluctuation Theory, Critical Phenomena and Gravitational Clustering of Galaxies
We investigate the phenomenon of clustering of galaxies in an expanding universe by applying the fluctuation theory. We evaluate the fluctuation moments for the number of particles and the correlated fluctuations for number and energy of particles, clustering under their mutual gravitation. The correlated fluctuations $<ΔNΔU>$ show that the value of $<ΔN>$ can be both positive as well as negative, because it is the difference between $N$ and the mean value of $N$. A negative $<ΔN>$ correspo…

Goldstone bosons across thermal phase transitions
Peter Lowdon, Owe Philipsen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14348 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Goldstone bosons across thermal phase transitions
Temperature has a significant effect on the properties of quantum field theories (QFTs) with a spontaneously broken symmetry, in particular on the massless Goldstone bosons that exist in the vacuum state. It has recently been shown using lattice calculations for a $\mathrm{U}(1)$ complex scalar field theory that the Goldstone mode persists even when the symmetry is restored above the critical temperature $T_{c}$, and has the properties of a screened massless excitation, a so-called thermopartic…

Higher-Order Fermion Interactions in BCS Theory
Diego Rodriguez-Gomez, Jorge G. Russo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11624 https://arxiv.…

Higher-Order Fermion Interactions in BCS Theory
We investigate the impact of higher-order fermionic deformations in multiflavor Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. Focusing specifically on the 6- and 8-fermion interactions, we show that these terms can have significant consequences on the dynamics of the system. In certain regions of parameter space, the theory continues to exhibit second-order phase transitions with mean-field critical exponents and the same critical temperature; however, the temperature dependence of the superconductin…

Model Cards Revisited: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice for Ethical AI Requirements
Tim Puhlf\"ur{\ss}, Julia Butzke, Walid Maalej
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06014

Model Cards Revisited: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice for Ethical AI Requirements
Model cards are the primary documentation framework for developers of artificial intelligence (AI) models to communicate critical information to their users. Those users are often developers themselves looking for relevant documentation to ensure that their AI systems comply with the ethical requirements of existing laws, guidelines, and standards. Recent studies indicate inadequate model documentation practices, suggesting a gap between AI requirements and current practices in model documentat…

Bifurcation and Critical Phenomena in Black Hole Thermodynamics
Bidyut Hazarika, Prabwal Phukon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07656 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

Bifurcation and Critical Phenomena in Black Hole Thermodynamics
In this work, we treat black holes as bifurcation points and explore their thermodynamic phase structure using the framework of bifurcation theory which is a commonly used method from nonlinear dynamics. By constructing an appropriate bifurcating function, we analyze how black holes transition between different thermodynamic phases through changes in the number and stability of fixed points. Our study shows that stable fixed points correspond to thermodynamically stable black hole states, while…

Origin of pressure-induced anomalies in the nodal-line ferrimagnet Mn$_3$Si$_2$Te$_6$
Varun Venkatasubramanian, Makoto Shimizu, Daniel Guterding, Harald O. Jeschke
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18238

Origin of pressure-induced anomalies in the nodal-line ferrimagnet Mn$_3$Si$_2$Te$_6$
A pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) has recently been discovered in the nodal-line ferrimagnet Mn$_3$Si$_2$Te$_6$. The electronic phase transition is accompanied by anomalies in the magnetic ordering temperature and the anomalous Hall conductivity, which peak at or near the critical pressure of the IMT. We perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations as a function of pressure to reveal the driving factors behind the IMT and the magnetic anomalies in Mn$_3$Si$_2$Te$_6$…

Existence of Bulk Vortices in Superconductors with Strong Magnetic Fields
M. Correggi, A. Kachmar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11299 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Existence of Bulk Vortices in Superconductors with Strong Magnetic Fields
We study the vortex formation in extreme type-II superconductors immersed in strong magnetic fields in the framework of the the Ginzburg-Landau theory. We focus on the regime where superconductivity survives in the bulk of the material but the magnetic field penetrates the sample, i.e., for applied field much larger than the first critical one, but below the transition to surface superconductivity. Through a two-scale vortex construction, we obtain precise estimates for the vortex distribution …

Revisiting the diffusion equation derivation in Persson's theory of contact
Yang Xu, Siyuan Yang, Yunong Zhou, Liang Luo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02397 https://

Revisiting the diffusion equation derivation in Persson's theory of contact
In Persson's seminal work on tire-road interaction (Persson, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 115}(8), 2001), he ingeniously derived a diffusion equation in Appendix B to characterize the evolution of contact pressure between a rigid rough indenter and an elastic half-space with spatial magnification, which constitutes the foundation of Persson's theory of contact. Persson's theory has been extensively validated and applied to investigate nearly all critical aspects of tribological problems. In contrast to …

Quantitative Scattering for the Energy-Critical Wave Equation on Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes
Benjamin Dodson, Shi-Zhuo Looi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12424 https://

Quantitative Scattering for the Energy-Critical Wave Equation on Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes
The scattering theory for the energy-critical wave equation on asymptotically flat spacetimes has, to date, been qualitative. While the qualitative scattering of solutions is well-understood, explicit bounds on the solution's global spacetime norms have been unavailable in this geometric setting. This paper establishes an explicit, exponential-type global bound on the Strichartz norm $\| u\|_{L^8_{t,x}}$ for solutions to the defocusing equation $\Box_g u=u^5$, where $\Box_g$ is the …

FIRE-GNN: Force-informed, Relaxed Equivariance Graph Neural Network for Rapid and Accurate Prediction of Surface Properties
Circe Hsu, Claire Schlesinger, Karan Mudaliar, Jordan Leung, Robin Walters, Peter Schindler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16012

FIRE-GNN: Force-informed, Relaxed Equivariance Graph Neural Network for Rapid and Accurate Prediction of Surface Properties
The work function and cleavage energy of a surface are critical properties that determine the viability of materials in electronic emission applications, semiconductor devices, and heterogeneous catalysis. While first principles calculations are accurate in predicting these properties, their computational expense combined with the vast search space of surfaces make a comprehensive screening approach with density functional theory (DFT) infeasible. Here, we introduce FIRE-GNN (Force-Informed, Re…

Global Optimality in Multi-Flyby Asteroid Trajectory Optimization: Theory and Application Techniques
Zhong Zhang, Xiang Guo, Di Wu, Hexi Baoyin, Junfeng Li, Francesco Topputo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02904

Global Optimality in Multi-Flyby Asteroid Trajectory Optimization: Theory and Application Techniques
Designing optimal trajectories for multi-flyby asteroid missions is scientifically critical but technically challenging due to nonlinear dynamics, intermediate constraints, and numerous local optima. This paper establishes a method that approaches global optimality for multi-flyby trajectory optimization under a given sequence. The original optimal control problem with interior-point equality constraints is transformed into a multi-stage decision formulation. This reformulation enables direct a…

Critical Non-Abelian Vortex String and 2D N=2 Black Hole
E. Ievlev, A. Marshakov, G. Sumbatian, A. Yung
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12972 https://arxiv.org/…

Critical Non-Abelian Vortex String and 2D N=2 Black Hole
It has been shown that the non-Abelian vortex string in 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ SQCD with the U(2) gauge group and $N_f=4$ flavors becomes a critical superstring. Its 10D target space is a product of the flat 4D space and an internal noncompact Calabi-Yau threefold, namely, the conifold. It was also shown that the Coulomb branch of the associated string sigma model, which opens up at strong coupling, can be described by $\mathcal{N}=2$ Liouville theory. We continue here the study of the recently pro…

Model of dark current in silicon-based barrier impurity band infrared detector devices
Mengyang Cui, Chengduo Hu, Qing Li, Hongxing Qi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14923

Model of dark current in silicon-based barrier impurity band infrared detector devices
Dark current in silicon-based blocked impurity band (BIB) infrared detectors has long been a critical limitation on device performance. This work proposes a chiral-phonon-assisted spin current model at interfaces to explain the parabolic-like dark current behavior observed at low bias voltages. Concurrently, the spatially-confined charge transport theory is employed to elucidate the dark current generation mechanism across the entire operational voltage range.

A number game reconciliation
Prem Kant, Urban Larsson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04717 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.04717

A number game reconciliation
Number games play a central role in alternating normal play combinatorial game theory due to their real-number-like properties (Conway 1976). Here we undertake a critical re-examination: we begin with integer and dyadic games and identify subtle inconsistencies and oversights in the established literature (e.g. Siegel 2013), most notably, the lack of distinction between a game being a number and a game being equal to a number. After addressing this, we move to the general theory of number games…

Replaced article(s) found for physics.chem-ph. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.chem-ph/new
[1/1]:
- Critical point search and linear response theory for computing electronic excitation energies of ...
Laura Grazioli, Yukuan Hu, Eric Canc\`es

Sampling Theory of Jointly Bandlimited Time-vertex Graph Signals
Hang Sheng, Hui Feng, Junhao Yu, Feng Ji, Bo Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21412 https://a…

Sampling Theory of Jointly Bandlimited Time-vertex Graph Signals
Time-vertex graph signal (TVGS) models describe time-varying data with irregular structures. The bandlimitedness in the joint time-vertex Fourier spectral domain reflects smoothness in both temporal and graph topology. In this paper, we study the critical sampling of three types of TVGS including continuous-time signals, infinite-length sequences, and finite-length sequences in the time domain for each vertex on the graph. For a jointly bandlimited TVGS, we prove a lower bound on sampling densi…

Measurement-Induced Entanglement in Conformal Field Theory
Kabir Khanna, Romain Vasseur
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02788 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.02788…

Measurement-Induced Entanglement in Conformal Field Theory
Local measurements can radically reshape patterns of many-body entanglement, especially in long-range entangled quantum-critical states. Yet, analytical results addressing the effects of measurements on many-body states remain scarce, and measurements are often approximated as forcing specific measurement outcomes. We study measurement-induced entanglement (MIE) in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, a broad family of 1+1d quantum critical states described at low energies by compact free boson conforma…

Dynamical Triangulations for 2D Pure Gravity and Topological Recursion
Hiroyuki Fuji, Masahide Manabe, Yoshiyuki Watabiki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18916 https://

Dynamical Triangulations for 2D Pure Gravity and Topological Recursion
We show that, in two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity without matter fields, the Schwinger-Dyson equations derived within the Hamiltonian framework of non-critical string field theory can be reformulated in terms of the Chekhov-Eynard-Orantin topological recursion, and we explicitly compute the associated low-order amplitudes. In particular, we establish this reformulation for two discrete models -- the basic type and the strip type -- as well as for the continuum limit of dynamical triang…

A New Perspective On AI Safety Through Control Theory Methodologies
Lars Ullrich, Walter Zimmer, Ross Greer, Knut Graichen, Alois C. Knoll, Mohan Trivedi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23703

A New Perspective On AI Safety Through Control Theory Methodologies
While artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly and mastering increasingly complex problems with astonishing performance, the safety assurance of such systems is a major concern. Particularly in the context of safety-critical, real-world cyber-physical systems, AI promises to achieve a new level of autonomy but is hampered by a lack of safety assurance. While data-driven control takes up recent developments in AI to improve control systems, control theory in general could be leveraged t…

Superluminal Liouville walls in 2d String Theory and space-like singularities
Sumit R. Das, Shaun D. Hampton, Sinong Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12778 https://

Superluminal Liouville walls in 2d String Theory and space-like singularities
An interesting class of time dependent backgrounds in $1+1$ dimensional string theory involves worldsheet Liouville walls which move in (target space) time. When a parameter in such a background exceeds a certain critical value, the speed of the Liouville wall exceeds the speed of light, and there is no usual S-Matrix. We examine such backgrounds in the dual $c=1$ matrix model from the point of view of fluctuations of the collective field, and determine the nature of the emergent space-time per…

Hallucination vs interpretation: rethinking accuracy and precision in AI-assisted data extraction for knowledge synthesis
Xi Long, Christy Boscardin, Lauren A. Maggio, Joseph A. Costello, Ralph Gonzales, Rasmyah Hammoudeh, Ki Lai, Yoon Soo Park, Brian C. Gin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09458

Hallucination vs interpretation: rethinking accuracy and precision in AI-assisted data extraction for knowledge synthesis
Knowledge syntheses (literature reviews) are essential to health professions education (HPE), consolidating findings to advance theory and practice. However, they are labor-intensive, especially during data extraction. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted extraction promises efficiency but raises concerns about accuracy, making it critical to distinguish AI 'hallucinations' (fabricated content) from legitimate interpretive differences. We developed an extraction platform using large language m…

Deflection of light and time delay in hyperbolic Einstein-Straus--de Sitter solution
Mourad Guenouche
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11792 https://

Deflection of light and time delay in hyperbolic Einstein-Straus--de Sitter solution
We analyze strong gravitational lensing by a spherically symmetric mass distribution within the Einstein-Straus-de Sitter framework in a spatially open Universe with negative curvature ($k = -1$). Applying the theory to the lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112, we identify a critical threshold for the current scale factor $a_0$ of approximately $2.6 \times 10^{27}$ m, below which the effects of negative spatial curvature on lensing observables become significant, corresponding to a current curvature d…

Critical Majorana fermion at a topological quantum Hall bilayer transition
Cristian Voinea, Wei Zhu, Nicolas Regnault, Zlatko Papi\'c
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08036 https:…

Critical Majorana fermion at a topological quantum Hall bilayer transition
Quantum Hall bilayers are a uniquely tunable platform that can realize continuous transitions between distinct topological phases of matter. One prominent example is the transition between the Halperin state and the Moore--Read Pfaffian, long predicted to host a critical theory of Majorana fermions but so far not verified in unbiased microscopic simulations. Using the fuzzy sphere regularization, we identify the low-energy spectrum at this transition with the 3D gauged Majorana conformal field …

A Prediction for Maximum Supercooling in SU(N) Confinement Transition
Prateek Agrawal, Gaurang Ramakant Kane, Vazha Loladze, John March-Russell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10091 …

A Prediction for Maximum Supercooling in SU(N) Confinement Transition
The thermal confinement phase transition (PT) in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory is first-order for $N\geq 3$, with bounce action scaling as $N^2$. Remarkably, lattice data for the action include a small coefficient whose presence likely strongly alters the PT dynamics. We give evidence, utilizing insights from softly-broken SUSY YM models, that the small coefficient originates from a deconfined phase instability just below the critical temperature. We predict the maximum achievable supercooling in $…

Quantum Many-Body Simulations of Catalytic Metal Surfaces
Changsu Cao, Hung Q. Pham, Zhen Guo, Yutan Zhang, Zigeng Huang, Xuelan Wen, Ji Chen, Dingshun Lv
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13036

Quantum Many-Body Simulations of Catalytic Metal Surfaces
Accurate quantum simulations of catalysis on metal surfaces are critical for advancing energy and materials science. Yet most existing methods fall short: density functional theory (DFT), although widely used for its computational efficiency, often lacks the accuracy needed for adsorption and reaction energetics at heterogeneous metal surfaces. Wavefunction-based theories, in contrast, are more accurate in principle but remain prohibitively costly when applied to realistic catalytic systems. He…

The exact Tur\'an number of generalized book graph $B_{r,k}$ in non-$r$-partite graphs
Yuantian Yu, Shuchao Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07533 https://

The exact Turán number of generalized book graph $B_{r,k}$ in non-$r$-partite graphs
Given a graph $H,$ we say that a graph is \textit{$H$-free} if it does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. The Turán number $\ex(n,H)$ of $H$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $H$-free graph, the set of all the corresponding extremal graphs is denoted by $\Ex(n, H)$. The study of Turán number of graphs is a central topic in extremal graph theory. A graph is \textit{color-critical} if it contains an edge whose deletion reduces its chromatic number. Simonovits showed that if $H$ is a c…

Impact of electronic correlations on the superconductivity of high-pressure CeH9
Siyu Chen, Yao Wei, Bartomeu Monserrat, Jan M. Tomczak, Samuel Ponc\'e
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12506

Impact of electronic correlations on the superconductivity of high-pressure CeH9
Rare-earth superhydrides have attracted considerable attention because of their high critical superconducting temperature under extreme pressures. They are known to have localized valence electrons, implying strong electronic correlations. However, such many-body effects are rarely included in first-principles studies of rare-earth superhydrides because of the complexity of their high-pressure phases. In this work, we use a combined density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory appr…

Bootstrapping the Simplest Deconfined Quantum Critical Point
Shai M. Chester, Alessandro Piazza, Marten Reehorst, Ning Su
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06283 …

Bootstrapping the Simplest Deconfined Quantum Critical Point
We study the $N=3$ case of the $CP^{N-1}$ model, which is a field theory of $N$ complex scalars in $3d$ coupled to an Abelian gauge field with $SU(N) \times U(1)$ global symmetry. Recent evidence suggests the $N=2$ theory is not critical, which makes the $N=3$ theory the simplest possibility of deconfined quantum criticality. We apply the conformal bootstrap to correlators of charge $q=0,1,2$ scalar operators under the $U(1)$ symmetry, which gives us access also to $q=3,4$ operators. After impo…

Thermal SU(2) lattice gauge theory for the pseudogap and the transition to $d$-wave superconductivity in the cuprates
Harshit Pandey, Maine Christos, Pietro M. Bonetti, Ravi Shanker, Sayantan Sharma, Subir Sachdev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05336

Thermal SU(2) lattice gauge theory for the pseudogap and the transition to $d$-wave superconductivity in the cuprates
We study a square lattice SU(2) gauge theory with link variables $U$, formulated to describe the intermediate temperature pseudogap metal phase of underdoped cuprates of hole density $p$, and its evolution into nodal $d$-wave superconductivity upon cooling. The theory features two fermionic matter sectors: one consists of SU(2)-gauge-neutral, electron-like quasiparticles forming hole pockets; the other is a critical quantum spin liquid composed of electrically neutral spinons, carrying spin $S …

Sharp bilinear eigenfunction estimate, $L^\infty_{x_2}L^p_{t,x_1}$-type Strichartz estimate, and energy-critical NLS
Yangkendi Deng, Yunfeng Zhang, Zehua Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09565

Sharp bilinear eigenfunction estimate, $L^\infty_{x_2}L^p_{t,x_1}$-type Strichartz estimate, and energy-critical NLS
We establish sharp bilinear and multilinear eigenfunction estimates for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the standard three-sphere $\mathbb{S}^3$, eliminating the logarithmic loss that has persisted in the literature since the pioneering work of Burq, Gérard, and Tzvetkov over twenty years ago. This completes the theory of multilinear eigenfunction estimates on the standard spheres. Our approach relies on viewing $\mathbb{S}^3$ as the compact Lie group $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ and exploiting its repre…

Phase transitions and spontaneous symmetry breaking in the renormalized Ginzburg-Landau theory
Feulefack Ornela Claire, Tsague Fotio Carlos, Keumo Tsiaze Roger Magloire
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07534

Phase transitions and spontaneous symmetry breaking in the renormalized Ginzburg-Landau theory
In this study, we present theoretical investigations of phase transitions and critical phenomena in materials through the lens of second-order Ginzburg-Landau theory, in conjunction with considerations of symmetry groups and thermal fluctuations. By addressing the residual effects after a renormalization process, a small number of macroscopic degrees of freedom can effectively replace the infinite number of microscopic degrees of freedom, emphasizing the significant role of dimensionality and t…

A Critical Point on the Hairy Black Hole Phase Boundary in the Improved Holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Theory
Hong Guo, Wei-Liang Qian, Bean Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03947

A Critical Point on the Hairy Black Hole Phase Boundary in the Improved Holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Theory
In this work, we investigate the hairy black hole solutions and their dual phase diagram in the improved holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) model.From the gravitational perspective, the rich phase structures observed in the dual boundary field theory originate from the intricate interplay between the scalar field formalism and the Maxwell field coupling mechanism. Two distinct types of hairy black hole solutions are found in this framework. Type-I hairy black holes are predominantly gov…

Correlated electronic structure of high-temperature superconductor Ba$_2$CuO$_{3 \delta}$
Jing-Xuan Wang, Rong-Qiang He, Zhong-Yi Lu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11454

Correlated electronic structure of high-temperature superconductor Ba$_2$CuO$_{3+δ}$
Cuprate superconductors have attracted extensive attention due to high critical temperatures. Conventional cuprates typically contain perfect CuO$_2$ planes which are considered as a key factor to superconductivity since the superconductivity takes place in them. However, in Ba$_2$CuO$_{3+δ}$ with $δ=0.2$ and O-depleted CuO$_2$ planes, superconductivity still arises even with a transition temperature as high as 73 K. Using combined density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DF…

Dynamics of 3D focusing, energy-critical wave equation with radial data
Ruipeng Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00391 https://arxiv.o…

Dynamics of 3D focusing, energy-critical wave equation with radial data
In this article we discuss the long-time dynamics of the radial solutions to the energy-critical wave equation in 3-dimensional space. We prove a quantitative version of soliton resolution result for solutions defined for all time $t>0$. The main tool is the radiation theory of wave equations and the major observation of this work is a correspondence between the radiation and the soliton collision behaviour of solutions.

Phases of 2d Gauge Theories and Symmetric Mass Generation
Rishi Mouland, David Tong, Bernardo Zan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12305 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Phases of 2d Gauge Theories and Symmetric Mass Generation
We study the dynamics and phase structure of Abelian gauge theories in $d=1+1$ dimensions. These include $U(1)$ gauge theory coupled to a scalar and a fermion, as well as the two-flavour Schwinger model with different charges. Both theories exhibit a surprisingly rich phase diagram as masses are varied, with both $c=1$ and $c=1/2$ critical lines or points. We build up to the study of 2d chiral gauge theories, which hold particular interest because they provide a mechanism for symmetric mass gen…