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ProForm: Solder-Free Circuit Assembly Using Thermoforming
Narjes Pourjafarian, Zhenming Yang, Jeffrey I. Lipton, Benyamin Davaji, Gregory D. Abowd
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20933

ProForm: Solder-Free Circuit Assembly Using Thermoforming
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing global challenge, with millions of functional components discarded due to the difficulty of repair and reuse. Traditional circuit assembly relies on soldering, which creates semi-permanent bonds that limit component recovery and contribute to unnecessary waste. We introduce ProForm, a thermoforming approach for solder-free circuit prototyping. By encapsulating electronic components with pressure-formed thermoplastics, ProForm enables secure, reversible mo…

Informal e-waste recycling in Pakistan: A hidden environmental crisis #Pakistan

Informal e-waste recycling in Pakistan: A hidden environmental crisis
When I began my research on electronic waste in Pakistan, I quickly realized how deeply it touches both our environment and our daily lives. We live in an age where technology evolves faster than ever—phones, laptops, and televisions are replaced at a breathtaking pace. But what happens to the old ones? For many in developing nations like mine, the answer lies in informal recycling practices.

☣️ In the Philippines, informal e-waste dismantling poses health risks
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/environment/2025/07/29/sustainability/philippine-e-waste-dismantle-health/
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In the Philippines, informal e-waste dismantling poses health risks
Scavenging electronic waste for the nickel, aluminum and copper inside releases a toxic brew of chemicals, including lead, mercury and cadmium, into the air.