Tootfinder

Towards Automated and Predictive Network-Level Energy Profiling in Reconfigurable IoT Systems
Mohammud J. Bocus, Senhui Qiu, Robert J. Piechocki, Kerstin Eder
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09842

Towards Automated and Predictive Network-Level Energy Profiling in Reconfigurable IoT Systems
Energy efficiency has emerged as a defining constraint in the evolution of sustainable Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This work moves beyond simulation-based or device-centric studies to deliver measurement-driven, network-level smart energy analysis. The proposed system enables end-to-end visibility of energy flows across distributed IoT infrastructures, uniting Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) modes with environmental sensing and E-ink display subsystems un…

Powerful Radio Sources as Probes of Black Hole Physics
Ruth A. Daly
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09914 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.09914

Powerful Radio Sources as Probes of Black Hole Physics
Powerful jetted radio sources for which the luminosity in directed kinetic energy has been empirically determined, independent of assumptions, are considered. The total outflow lifetime of each source determined in the context of detailed cosmological studies was found to depend only upon the luminosity in directed kinetic energy ($L$). The distributions of $L$, total outflow lifetime, and total outflow energy each have a broad range of values, as do the supermassive black hole masses. The tota…

First direct access to the $\rho^0$p interaction via correlation studies at the LHC
ALICE Collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09867 https://arxiv.org/…

First direct access to the $ρ^0$p interaction via correlation studies at the LHC
Direct measurements of the $ρ^0$p interaction have remained so far elusive, with most insights derived indirectly from photoproduction or low-energy partial wave analyses. This letter presents the first direct observation of the $ρ^0$p interaction, obtained through two-particle correlations measured in high-multiplicity, ultrarelativistic proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. Two-particle correlation data, analyzed within chiral effective field…

Investigation of Electromagnetic and Muonic Air-Shower Components using IceTop Simulations
Lincoln Draper (for the IceCube Collaboration), Fahim Varsi (for the IceCube Collaboration), Dennis Soldin (for the IceCube Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08478

Investigation of Electromagnetic and Muonic Air-Shower Components using IceTop Simulations
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory studies cosmic-ray initiated extensive air showers (EASs) using the IceTop surface array, which is sensitive to the electromagnetic component and low-energy ($\sim$ GeV) muonic component of EASs. The contribution from the two components is reconstructed on an event-by-event basis by simultaneously fitting separate lateral distribution functions (LDFs) for both the electromagnetic and muonic components of each shower. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of t…

Ambient-Stable Transfer-Free Graphdiyne Wafers with Superhigh Hole Mobility at Room Temperature
Beining Ma, Jianyuan Qi, Xinghai Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09998 https://…

Ambient-Stable Transfer-Free Graphdiyne Wafers with Superhigh Hole Mobility at Room Temperature
Graphdiyne (GDY) is recognized as a compelling candidate for the fabrication of next-generation high-speed low-energy electronic devices due to its inherent p-type semiconductor characteristics. However, the development of GDY for applications in field-effect transistors (FETs), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and logic devices remains constrained by the relatively low carrier mobility reported in current experimental studies. Herein, the synthesis of layer-controlled hydrogen-s…

Orbital dependent Coulomb drag in electron-hole bilayer graphene heterostructures
Zuocheng Zhang, Ruishi Qi, Jingxu Xie, Qize Li, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Michael F. Crommie, Feng Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09313

Orbital dependent Coulomb drag in electron-hole bilayer graphene heterostructures
We report Coulomb drag studies in an electron-hole bilayer graphene heterostructure in a magnetic field, where the orbital, spin, and valley degrees of freedom are lifted by the combined effects of exchange interaction, Zeeman energy, and vertical displacement field. Our device enables the application of a large vertical displacement field in both layers. In addition to the well-established strong Coulomb drag between Landau levels with an orbital quantum number N = 0, we observe a Coulomb drag…

🇧🇪 Belgian TSO Elia has published a dedicated page on EV fleet charging as part of their flexibility simulation tool. How much could fleet users save by using smart charging for company cars at workplaces and drivers' homes?
https://www.wattshappening.be/case-studies/electri…

Reionization optical depth and CMB-BAO tension in punctuated inflation
Zhiqi Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09086 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09086…

Reionization optical depth and CMB-BAO tension in punctuated inflation
Within the standard six-parameter Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model, a $2$-$3σ$ tension persists between baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Although this tension has often been interpreted as evidence for dynamical dark energy or a sum of neutrino masses below the established minimum, recent studies suggest it may instead originate from an underestimation of the rei…

Energy Transfer Dynamics Generated by Non-Axisymmetric Tornado-Type Flows
Afifah Maya Iknaningrum, Pen-Yuan Hsu, Tsuyoshi Yoneda, Hirofumi Notsu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05546

Energy Transfer Dynamics Generated by Non-Axisymmetric Tornado-Type Flows
The energy cascade in turbulence, first statistically described by Richardson (1922) and Kolmogorov (1941), lacked connection to the underlying fluid dynamics. Recent numerical studies of Goto et al. (2017) and Yoneda et al. (2022) revealed scale-local energy transfer via vortex stretching but remained within spatial statistics. This study aims to uncover the time-dependent elementary process behind the energy cascade by constructing a tornado-type flow in a non-axisymmetric curved cylindrical …

Entropy and multiplicity of hadrons in the high energy limit within dipole cascade models
Krzysztof Kutak, S\'andor L\"ok\"os
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07898 http…

Entropy and multiplicity of hadrons in the high energy limit within dipole cascade models
We investigate and compare QCD dipole cascade models, the 1D Mueller dipole model, its high energy limit and its generalization that follows from studies of 1D systems with conformal symmetry. To address the ambiguity stemming from different definitions of the rapidity ranges in experimental measurements, we propose the entropy as the function of the logarithm of the average multiplicity, $S(\ln\langle n \rangle)$, as a universal observable. From the solutions of the models, we calculate both t…

Spatial resolution studies with the BabyIAXO Micromegas prototype
A. Quintana (IRFU, CEA, Universit\'e Paris Saclay, France, Centro de Astropart\'iculas y F\'isica de Altas Energ\'ias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain), J. Castel (Centro de Astropart\'iculas y F\'isica de Altas Energ\'ias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain), S. Cebri\'an (Centro de Astropart\'iculas y F\'isica de Altas Energ\'ias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zarag…

Spatial resolution studies with the BabyIAXO Micromegas prototype
The spatial resolution of the Micromegas prototype developed for the BabyIAXO experiment was evaluated using a low-energy X-ray beam at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility. BabyIAXO, currently under construction, aims to search for hypothetical solar axions. A key component of the experiment is a low-background X-ray detector with high efficiency in the 1-10 keV energy range and stringent background rejection capabilities. Achieving a spatial resolution on the order of, or better than, 1 mm is crit…

Joint Optimisation of Load Balancing and Energy Efficiency for O-RAN Deployments
Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz, Abdelaziz Salama, Maryam Hafeez, Syed A. R. Zaidi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09343

Joint Optimisation of Load Balancing and Energy Efficiency for O-RAN Deployments
Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture provides an intrinsic capability to exploit key performance monitoring (KPM) within Radio Intelligence Controller (RIC) to derive network optimisation through xApps. These xApps can leverage KPM knowledge to dynamically switch on/off the associated RUs where such a function is supported over the E2 interface. Several existing studies employ artificial intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) based approaches to realise such dynamic sleeping for incr…

Evaluating the impact of code smell refactoring on the energy consumption of Android applications
Hina Anwar, Dietmar Pfahl, Satish N. Srirama
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26031 h…

Evaluating the impact of code smell refactoring on the energy consumption of Android applications
Energy consumption of mobile apps is a domain that is receiving a lot of attention from researchers. Recent studies indicate that the energy consumption of mobile devices could be improved by improving the quality of mobile apps. Frequent refactoring is one way of achieving this goal. In this paper, we explore the performance and energy impact of several common code refactorings in Android apps. Experimental results indicate that some code smell refactorings positively impact the energy consump…

Cr resonant impurity for studies of band inversion and band offsets in IV-VI semiconductors
A. Kr\'olicka, K. Gas, W. Dobrowolski, H. Przybyli\'nska, Y. K. Edathumkandy, J. Korczak, E. {\L}usakowska, R. Minikayev, A. Reszka, R. Jakie{\l}a, L. Kowalczyk, A. Mirowska, M. Gryglas-Borysiewicz, J. Kossut, M. Sawicki, A. {\L}usakowski, P. Bogus{\l}awski, T. Story, K. Dybko

Cr resonant impurity for studies of band inversion and band offsets in IV-VI semiconductors
Understanding the electronic structure of transition-metal dopants in IV-VI semiconductors is critical for tuning their band structure. We analyze properties of Cr dopant in $Pb_{1-x}Sn_xTe$ and PbSe by magnetic and transport measurements, which are interpreted based on density functional calculations. We demonstrate that the pinning of the Fermi energy to the chromium resonant level occurs for both n-type and p-type $Pb_{1-x}Sn_xTe$ in the whole composition range. This enables us to determine …

Stabilizing ergotropy in Spin-Chain Quantum Batteries via Energy-Invariant Catalysis under Strong Non-Markovian Coupling
Shun-Cai Zhao, Liang Luo, Ni-Ya Zhuang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02772

Stabilizing ergotropy in Spin-Chain Quantum Batteries via Energy-Invariant Catalysis under Strong Non-Markovian Coupling
Quantum batteries (QBs) have emerged as promising platforms for microscale energy storage, yet most existing studies assume weak system-environment coupling and Markovian dynamics. Here we explore how physical catalysis can regulate the maximum extractable work (ergotropy) of a spin-chain QB strongly coupled to a cavity environment. We model the system using a Nakajima-Zwanzig-type non-Markovian master equation and simulate the time evolution of ergotropy under various physical parameters. Our …

Optimal participation of energy communities in electricity markets under uncertainty. A multi-stage stochastic programming approach
Albert Sol\`a Vilalta, Ignasi Ma\~n\'e, F. - Javier Heredia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04965

Optimal participation of energy communities in electricity markets under uncertainty. A multi-stage stochastic programming approach
We propose a multi-stage stochastic programming model for the optimal participation of energy communities in electricity markets. The multi-stage aspect captures the different times at which variable renewable generation and electricity prices are observed. This results in large-scale optimization problem instances containing large scenario trees with 34 stages, to which scenario reduction techniques are applied. Case studies with real data are discussed to analyse proposed regulatory framework…

Updated comparison of the UHECR energy spectra measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array
Douglas R. Bergman, Toshihiro Fujii, Kozo Fujisue, Keitaro Fujita, Jihyun Kim, Diego Ravignani, Felix Riehn, Markus Roth, Francesco Salamida, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Valerio Verzi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05530

Updated comparison of the UHECR energy spectra measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array
The Pierre Auger and Telescope Array joint Working Group on the UHECR energy spectrum was established in 2012 to analyze energy scale uncertainties in both experiments and to in vestigate their systematic differences, particularly in the spectral shape of the flux measurements. Previous studies have indeed shown that, within systematic uncertainties, the energy s pectra measured by the two observatories are consistent below~$10\,\mathrm{EeV}$. However, at higher energies, a significant differen…

Benchmarking Deep Learning Convolutions on Energy-constrained CPUs
Enrique Galvez (ALSOC), Adrien Cassagne (ALSOC), Alix Munier (ALSOC), Manuel Bouyer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26217

Benchmarking Deep Learning Convolutions on Energy-constrained CPUs
This work evaluates state-of-the-art convolution algorithms for CPU-based deep learning inference. While most prior studies focus on GPUs or NPUs, CPU implementations remain relatively underoptimized. We benchmark direct, GEMM-based, and Winograd convolutions across modern CPUs from ARM __ , Intel __ , AMD __ , Apple __ , and Nvidia __ , considering both latency and energy efficiency. Our results highlight the key architectural factors that govern CPU efficiency for convolution operations, prov…

Decarbonizing Basic Chemicals Production in North America, Europe, Middle East, and China: a Scenario Modeling Study
Tubagus Aryandi Gunawan, Hongxi Luo, Chris Greig, Eric D. Larson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08279

Decarbonizing Basic Chemicals Production in North America, Europe, Middle East, and China: a Scenario Modeling Study
The chemicals industry accounts for about 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions today and is among the most difficult industries to abate. We model decarbonization pathways for the most energy-intensive segment of the industry, the production of basic chemicals: olefins, aromatics, methanol, ammonia, and chlor-alkali. Unlike most prior pathways studies, we apply a scenario-analysis approach that recognizes the central role of corporate investment decision making for capital-intensive industries…

Studies on the effect of low-fluence proton and neutron irradiation on n-type LGADs
Veronika Kraus, Marcos Fernandez Garcia, Salvador Hidalgo, Michael Moll, Jairo Villegas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06282

Studies on the effect of low-fluence proton and neutron irradiation on n-type LGADs
The presented study investigates the effects of low fluences from $5\times10^{12}$ up to $1\times10^{14}$ particles/cm$^{2}$ of 60MeV proton and neutron irradiation on n-type Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (nLGADs). An nLGAD is a silicon sensor with a highly doped gain layer that enables controlled charge multiplication via impact ionization. In contrast to the well-established p-type LGADs for high-energy physics (HEP) applications, nLGADs are optimized for the detection of low-penetrating parti…

Evolution of spin excitations in superconducting La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{x}$CuO$_{4-\delta}$ from the underdoped to the heavily overdoped regime
S. Hameed, Y. Liu, M. Knauft, K. S. Rabinovich, G. Kim, G. Christiani, G. Logvenov, F. Yakhou-Harris, A. V. Boris, B. Keimer, M. Minola
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06680

Evolution of spin excitations in superconducting La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{x}$CuO$_{4-δ}$ from the underdoped to the heavily overdoped regime
We investigate high-energy spin excitations in hole-doped La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{x}$CuO$_{4-δ}$ films across a broad Ca doping range $x = 0.05-0.50$ using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Polarization analysis and incident-photon energy detuning measurements confirm the persistence of collective paramagnon excitations up to $x = 0.50$. Consistent with previous studies on other cuprate families, we observe a pronounced crossover near $x = 0.15$, where paramagnon spectral weight is transferre…

Start-To-End Simulations of a Compact, Linac-Based Positron Source
Sophie Crisp, Ryland Goldman, Arif Ismail, Spencer Gessner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07549 https://

Start-To-End Simulations of a Compact, Linac-Based Positron Source
Slow positrons are increasingly important to the study of material surfaces. For these kinds of studies, the positrons must have low emittance and relatively high brightness. Unfortunately, fast positron sources like radioactive capsules or linac driven sources have broad energy and angular spread, which make them difficult to capture and use. Moderators are materials that produce slow, mono-energetic positrons from a fast positron beam. Since their efficiencies are typically less than $10^{-3}…

Spin dynamics in natural multiferroic pyroxene NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$
Oleksandr Prokhnenko (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\H{u}r Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany), Stanislav E. Nikitin (PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland), Koji Kaneko (Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan), Chihiro Tabata (Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan A…

Spin dynamics in natural multiferroic pyroxene NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$
Spin dynamics in the natural mineral aegirine, NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$, a member of the pyroxene family, was studied by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering. Magnetization and specific heat measurements as well as single-crystal neutron diffraction maps, taken in the temperature range 2 - 20 K, confirm two successive magnetic transitions at 8.8 and 5.8 K, consistent with previous studies. The observed spin-wave excitations emerge from the incommensurate magnetic Bragg peaks corresponding to the pro…

Measuring the Carbon Footprint of Cryptographic Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
Marc Damie, Mihai Pop, Merijn Posthuma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04583 https://

Measuring the Carbon Footprint of Cryptographic Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) have attracted significant attention in response to privacy regulations, driving the development of applications that prioritize user data protection. At the same time, the information and communication technology (ICT) sector faces growing pressure to reduce its environmental footprint, particularly its carbon emissions. While numerous studies have assessed the energy footprint of various ICT applications, the environmental footprint of cryptographic PETs …

Observational challenges to holographic and Ricci dark energy paradigms: Insights from ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
Peng-Ju Wu, Tian-Nuo Li, Guo-Hong Du, Xin Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02945

Observational challenges to holographic and Ricci dark energy paradigms: Insights from ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
Recent studies suggest that dark energy may be dynamical rather than being a mere cosmological constant $Λ$. In this work, we examine the viability of two physically well-motivated dynamical dark energy models -- holographic dark energy (HDE) and Ricci dark energy (RDE) -- by confronting them with the latest observational data, including ACT cosmic microwave background anisotropies, DESI baryon acoustic oscillations, and DESY5 supernovae. Our analysis reveals a fundamental tension between earl…

Topological Localisation in Time from PT Symmetry
Tom Sheppard, Carlos B. Camacho, Sebastian Weidemann, Alexander Szameit, Joshua Feis, Frank Schindler, Hannah M. Price
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06679

Topological Localisation in Time from PT Symmetry
Time has entered the domain of topological phases in the field of non-Hermitian physics. Previous studies have relied on periodic modulation in time to make an intuitive connection to established spatial topological invariants, albeit with energy and momentum exchanged. This connection has revealed the potential for topological interface states along the time axis, analogous to those in spatial models. In this work, we uncover a theoretical framework describing such topological interface states…

Advances in Radiative Capture Studies at LUNA with a Segmented BGO Detector
Jakub Skowronski, Riccardo Maria Gesu\`e, Axel Boeltzig, Giovanni Francesco Ciani, Denise Piatti, David Rapagnani, Marialuisa Aliotta, Chemsedinne Ananna, Francesco Barile, Daniel Bemmerer, Andreas Best, Carlo Broggini, Carlo Giovanni Bruno, Antonio Caciolli, Matteo Campostrini, Francesca Cavanna, Paolo Colombetti, Alessandro Compagnucci, Piero Corvisiero, Laszlo Csedreki, Tom Davinson, Rosanna Depalo, Antonino…

Advances in Radiative Capture Studies at LUNA with a Segmented BGO Detector
Studies of charged-particle reactions for low-energy nuclear astrophysics require high sensitivity, which can be achieved by means of detection setups with high efficiency and low backgrounds, to obtain precise measurements in the energy region of interest for stellar scenarios. High-efficiency total absorption spectroscopy is an established and powerful tool for studying radiative capture reactions, particularly if combined with the cosmic background reduction by several orders of magnitude ob…

Missing Money and Market-Based Adequacy in Deeply Decarbonized Power Systems with Long-Duration Energy Storage
Adam Suski, Elina Spyrou, Richard Green
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20913

Missing Money and Market-Based Adequacy in Deeply Decarbonized Power Systems with Long-Duration Energy Storage
The ability of deeply decarbonised power systems to ensure adequacy may increasingly depend on long-duration energy storage (LDES). A central challenge is whether capacity markets (CMs), originally designed around thermal generation, can provide efficient investment signals when storage becomes a central participant. While recent studies have advanced methods for accrediting variable renewables and short-duration storage, the effectiveness of these methods in CMs with substantial LDES penetrati…

Hartree-Fock emulators for nuclei: Application to charge radii of $^{48,52}$Ca
Margarida Companys Franzke, Alexander Tichai, Kai Hebeler, Achim Schwenk
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08362

Hartree-Fock emulators for nuclei: Application to charge radii of $^{48,52}$Ca
Understanding the emergence of complex structures of nuclei from chiral effective field theory (EFT) is a central challenge. The large number of low-energy couplings (LECs) in the EFT expansion and the significant cost of $\textit{ab initio}$ many-body calculations render large-scale sensitivity studies of many-body observables computationally prohibitive, necessitating the use of emulators as low-cost surrogates. In this work, we study a Hartree-Fock emulator based on eigenvector continuation …

Novel Room-Temperature Synthesis of Tellurium-Loaded Liquid Scintillators for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search
Yayun Ding, Mengchao Liu, Gaosong Li, Liangjian Wen, Fei Liu, Feng Liu, Jiayu Jiang, Zhiqi Zhang, Wenjie Li, Zhiyong Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09316

Novel Room-Temperature Synthesis of Tellurium-Loaded Liquid Scintillators for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search
This study establishes an innovative room-temperature synthesis approach for tellurium-diol (Te-diol) compounds, which are crucial components in tellurium-loaded liquid scintillator (Te-LS). The synthesis involves the direct reaction of telluric acid with diols (e.g., 1,2-hexanediol) in methanol under ambient conditions (20$\pm$5°C) , with the key features of lower energy consumption, enhanced safety, and improved scalability. Mechanistic studies reveal that methanol serves not merely as a sol…

Who Wins the Race? (R Vs Python) - An Exploratory Study on Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Algorithms
Rajrupa Chattaraj, Sridhar Chimalakonda, Vibhu Saujanya Sharma, Vikrant Kaulgud
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17344

Who Wins the Race? (R Vs Python) - An Exploratory Study on Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Algorithms
The utilization of Machine Learning (ML) in contemporary software systems is extensive and continually expanding. However, its usage is energy-intensive, contributing to increased carbon emissions and demanding significant resources. While numerous studies examine the performance and accuracy of ML, only a limited few focus on its environmental aspects, particularly energy consumption. In addition, despite emerging efforts to compare energy consumption across various programming languages for s…

Oscillator Potts machines: An overdamped Langevin model for low-energy sampling of the standard Potts model
Yi Cheng, Zongli Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18379 https://…

Oscillator Potts machines: An overdamped Langevin model for low-energy sampling of the standard Potts model
The standard Potts model is a fundamental model in statistical physics that generalizes the Ising model. Although Ising machines, as Langevin models, have been widely studied for sampling the Ising model, studies of Langevin models for sampling the standard Potts model are still lacking. In this work, we present a compact and physically realizable Langevin model that serves as a sampler for sampling the low-energy spin configurations of the standard Potts model.

Analytic structure of stress-energy response functions and new Kubo formulae
Sangyong Jeon, Alina Czajka, Juhee Hong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20302 https://

Analytic structure of stress-energy response functions and new Kubo formulae
Determining the transport properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma is one of the most important aspects of relativistic heavy ion collision studies. Field-theoretical calculations of the transport coefficients such as the shear and bulk viscosities require Kubo formulae which in turn require real-time correlation functions of stress-energy tensors. Consequently, knowing the analytic structure of these correlation functions is essential in any such studies. Using the energy-conservation laws and the res…

Light Baryon Spectroscopy at BESIII
Hao Liu (on behalf of BESIII collaboration), Xiongfei Wang (on behalf of BESIII collaboration), Haibo Li (on behalf of BESIII collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00449

Light Baryon Spectroscopy at BESIII
The BESIII collaboration has collected large data samples in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.84 to 4.95 GeV. These data provide a low-background environment and suitable phase space for studying the spectroscopy of light baryons. In this article, we review the achievements of baryon spectroscopy studies by the BESIII collaboration. Most of the results are obtained through the partial wave analysis (PWA) method, with spin and parity well determined.

Estimation of Effective Viscosity to Quantify Collisional Behavior in Collisionless Plasma
Subash Adhikari, Carlos Gonzalez, Yan Yang, Sean Oughton, Francesco Pecora, Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, William H. Matthaeus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04374

Estimation of Effective Viscosity to Quantify Collisional Behavior in Collisionless Plasma
While dissipation in collisional plasma is defined in terms of viscosity and resistivity, the exact functional form of dissipation i.e., the so-called dissipation function in nearly collisionless plasma is unknown. Nevertheless, previous studies have suggested that there exists viscous-like energy conversion in collisionless plasma with scaling characteristics analogous to collisional plasma, and in particular that the average dissipation is proportional to the square of the rate of strain as i…

Analysis of the carbon footprint of HPC
Abdessalam Benhari (DATAMOVE), Yves Denneulin (DATAMOVE), Fr\'ed\'eric Desprez (DATAMOVE), Fanny Dufoss\'e (DATAMOVE), Denis Trystram (DATAMOVE)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22679

Analysis of the carbon footprint of HPC
The demand in computing power has never stopped growing over the years. Today, the performance of the most powerful systems exceeds the exascale. Unfortunately, this growth also comes with ever-increasing energy costs, leading to a high carbon footprint. This paper investigates the evolution of high performance systems in terms of carbon emissions. A lot of studies focus on Top500 (and Green500) as the tip of an iceberg to identify trends in the domain in terms of computing performance. We prop…

Design and Control of a Perching Drone Inspired by the Prey-Capturing Mechanism of Venus Flytrap
Ye Li, Daming Liu, Yanhe Zhu, Junming Zhang, Yongsheng Luo, Ziqi Wang, Chenyu Liu, Jie Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13249

Design and Control of a Perching Drone Inspired by the Prey-Capturing Mechanism of Venus Flytrap
The endurance and energy efficiency of drones remain critical challenges in their design and operation. To extend mission duration, numerous studies explored perching mechanisms that enable drones to conserve energy by temporarily suspending flight. This paper presents a new perching drone that utilizes an active flexible perching mechanism inspired by the rapid predation mechanism of the Venus flytrap, achieving perching in less than 100 ms. The proposed system is designed for high-speed adapt…

Zero and Nonzero Energy Majorana Modes in an Extended Kitaev Chain
Mohammad Ghuneim, Raditya Weda Bomantara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04420 https://arxiv.…

Zero and Nonzero Energy Majorana Modes in an Extended Kitaev Chain
This paper studies an extended Kitaev chain with three sublattices per unit cell. This extended version is obtained by hybridizing a modified Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model featuring trimerized unit cells with the standard Kitaev chain, resulting in a hexamer structure on the Majorana basis. Due to the interplay between the sublattice configuration and the $p$-wave superconducting pairing, a rich structure of edge modes beyond the expected Majorana zero modes is obtained. The various Majorana edge …

The Carbon Cost of Conversation, Sustainability in the Age of Language Models
Sayed Mahbub Hasan Amiri, Prasun Goswami, Md. Mainul Islam, Mohammad Shakhawat Hossen, Sayed Majhab Hasan Amiri, Naznin Akter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20018

The Carbon Cost of Conversation, Sustainability in the Age of Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and BERT have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet their environmental costs remain dangerously overlooked. This article critiques the sustainability of LLMs, quantifying their carbon footprint, water usage, and contribution to e-waste through case studies of models such as GPT-4 and energy-efficient alternatives like Mistral 7B. Training a single LLM can emit carbon dioxide equivalent to hundreds of cars driven annually, while data centr…

Low-energy single-electron detector with sub-micron resolution
Luis Alfredo Ixquiac M\'endez, Martino Zanetti, Tilman Kraeft, Thomas Juffmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04743

Low-energy single-electron detector with sub-micron resolution
Single-electron detectors are a key component of electron microscopes and advanced electron optics experiments. We present a YAG:Ce scintillator-based single-electron detector with a spatial resolution of 1 micrometer at an electron energy of 17 keV. Single-electron detection events are identified with an efficiency and purity larger than 0.8 at an electron energy of 17 keV, reaching 0.96 at 30 keV. We show that the detector enables electron diffraction studies with a sample-detector distance c…

On the Origin of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Assuming a Heavy Mass Composition
Alena Bakalov\'a, Ana Laura M\"uller, Jakub V\'icha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23385

On the Origin of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Assuming a Heavy Mass Composition
Recent studies, supported by updated hadronic interaction models, suggest that the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays may be heavier than previously assumed. This has significant implications for source identification, as the deflections of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) are larger for heavy primaries than for lighter ones at the same energy. In this work, we assume that cosmic rays above 40 EeV consist of iron nuclei only and investigate their possible sources through simulat…

Accuracy-Robustness Trade Off via Spiking Neural Network Gradient Sparsity Trail
Nhan T. Luu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23762 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.23…

Accuracy-Robustness Trade Off via Spiking Neural Network Gradient Sparsity Trail
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted growing interest in both computational neuroscience and artificial intelligence, primarily due to their inherent energy efficiency and compact memory footprint. However, achieving adversarial robustness in SNNs, particularly for vision-related tasks, remains a nascent and underexplored challenge. Recent studies have proposed leveraging sparse gradients as a form of regularization to enhance robustness against adversarial perturbations. In this work,…

Long time evolution of a pair of 2D viscous point vortices
Ping Zhang, Yibin Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03991 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.03991…

Long time evolution of a pair of 2D viscous point vortices
This paper studies the long-time evolution of two point vortices under the 2D Navier-Stokes tokes equations. Starting from initial data given by a pair of Dirac measures, we derive an asymptotic expansion for the vorticity over time scales significantly longer than the advection time, yet shorter than the diffusion time. Building on previous works \cite{GS24-1, DG24}, we construct suitable approximate solutions $Ω_a$ and employ Arnold's method to define a nonlinear energy functional $E_\ve[\om…

Dependability Theory-based Statistical QoS Provisioning of Fluid Antenna Systems
Irfan Muhammad, Priyadarshi Mukherjee, Wee Kiat New, Hirley Alves, Ioannis Krikidis, Kai-Kit Wong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19984

Dependability Theory-based Statistical QoS Provisioning of Fluid Antenna Systems
Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have recently emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless networks, offering real-time spatial reconfiguration to enhance reliability, throughput, and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, existing studies often overlook the temporal dynamics of channel fading and their implications for mission-critical operations. In this paper, we propose a dependability-theoretic framework for statistical quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning of FAS under finite bloc…

The stability of propagating plane inertial waves in rotating fluids
Valentin Skoutnev, Aur\'elie Astoul, Adrian J. Barker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21430 https://

The stability of propagating plane inertial waves in rotating fluids
Inertial waves transport energy and momentum in rotating fluids and are a major contributor to mixing and tidal dissipation in Earth's oceans, gaseous planets, and stellar interiors. However, their stability and breakdown mechanisms are not fully understood. We examine the linear stability and nonlinear breakdown of finite-amplitude propagating plane inertial waves using Floquet theory and direct numerical simulations. The Floquet analysis generalizes previous studies as it is valid for arbitra…

Revealing Flare Energetics and Dynamics with SDO EVE Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Observations
Thomas N. Woods, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Andrew Jones, James P. Mason, Liying Qian, Harry P. Warren, Don Woodraska, Rita Borelli, Francis G. Eparvier, Gabi Gonzalez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19681…

Revealing Flare Energetics and Dynamics with SDO EVE Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Observations
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) has been making solar full-disk extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral measurements since 2010 over the spectral range of 6nm to 106nm with 0.1nm spectral resolution and with 10-60sec cadence. A primary motivation for EVE's solar EUV irradiance observations is to provide the important energy input for various studies of Earth's upper atmosphere. For example, the solar EUV creates the ionosphere, heats the therm…

The Role of Spiral Arms in Galaxies II: Similarities Amid Diversity
Bingqing Sun, Daniela Calzetti, Andrew J. Battisti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04328 https://

The Role of Spiral Arms in Galaxies II: Similarities Amid Diversity
The role of spiral arms in galaxies -- whether they enhance star formation efficiency or primarily act as material gatherers -- remains an open question. Observational studies have yielded ambiguous results, in part due to the choice of star formation rate (SFR) tracers and their inherent limitations. These limitations are addressed here by applying multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to individual arm and interarm regions. We expand on our previous study of two galaxies…

On the Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna-Enabled SWIPT Systems
Bingxin Zhang, Han Zhang, Kun Yang, Yizhe Zhao, Kezhi Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03836 https://…

On the Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna-Enabled SWIPT Systems
In this paper, we studies the performance of a novel simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system enabled by a flexible pinching-antenna. To support flexible deployment and optimize energy-rate performance, we propose three practical pinching antenna placement-schemes: the edge deployment scheme (EDS), the center deployment scheme (CDS), and the diagonal deployment scheme (DDS). Moreover, a hybrid time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) protocol is introduced, allowi…

Validation of the DESI-DR1 3x2-pt analysis: scale cut and shear ratio tests
N. Emas, A. Porredon, C. Blake, J. DeRose, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, D. Bianchi, D. Brooks, F. J. Castander, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, A. Dey, B. Dey, P. Doel, S. Ferraro, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. Garcia-Quintero, E. Gazta\~naga, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, G. Gutierrez, S. Heydenreich, K. Honscheid, D. Huterer, M. Ishak, S. Joudaki, R. Joyce, E. Jullo, S. Juneau, R. Kehoe, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, A. Kremin,…

Validation of the DESI-DR1 3x2-pt analysis: scale cut and shear ratio tests
Combined survey analyses of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing (3x2-pt studies) will allow new and accurate tests of the standard cosmological model. However, careful validation is necessary to ensure that these cosmological constraints are not biased by uncertainties associated with the modelling of astrophysical or systematic effects. In this study we validate the combined 3x2-pt analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 1 (DESI-DR1) spectroscopic galaxy …

Toward the Analytic Bootstrap of Energy Correlators
Jianyu Gong, Andrzej Pokraka, Kai Yan, Xiaoyuan Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22782 https://arxiv.or…

Toward the Analytic Bootstrap of Energy Correlators
In this paper, we present a framework for the analytic bootstrap of three-point energy correlators, a crucial observable in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our approach combines spherical contour techniques, general physical constraints such as pole cancellations, and power correction data in the singular limits to determine its analytic expression. In contrast to previous bootstrap studies restricted to scattering amplitudes for supersymmetric theories…

The International Institute for Strategic Studies
The Scale of Russian Sabotage Operations Against Europe’s Critical Infrastructure
19 August 2025
"IISS has created the most comprehensive open-source database of suspected and confirmed Russian sabotage operations targeting Europe."
site:

Cross-polarized and Stable Second Harmonic Generation from Monocrystalline Copper
Elif Nur Dayi, Alan R. Bowman, Omer Can Karaman, Diotime Pellet, Giulia Tagliabue
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02850

Cross-polarized and Stable Second Harmonic Generation from Monocrystalline Copper
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful surface-specific probe for centrosymmetric materials, with broad relevance to energy and biological interfaces. Plasmonic nanomaterials have been extensively utilized to amplify this nonlinear response. Yet, material instability has constrained most studies to gold, despite the significance of plasmonic metals such as copper for catalysis. Here, we demonstrate stable and anisotropic SHG from monocrystalline copper, overcoming long-standing challeng…

Testing Spillovers in Resource Conservation: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Lorenz Goette, Zhi Hao Lim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04371 https://a…

Testing Spillovers in Resource Conservation: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
This paper studies the potential for behavioral interventions aimed at promoting resource conservation within one domain to induce spillovers in another. Through a large-scale natural field experiment involving around 2,000 residents, we assess the direct and spillover effects of real-time feedback and social comparisons on water and energy consumption. Three interventions were implemented: two targeting shower use and one targeting air-conditioning use. We document a significant reduction in s…

Heavy flavored hydrogen molecule systems
Hui-Min Yang, Yao Ma, Shi-Lin Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21498 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.21498 https://arxiv.org/html/2507.21498
arXiv:2507.21498v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of $S$-wave exotic hydrogen-like three-body systems ($pp\mu^-$, $pp\tau^-$, $\mu^-\mu^-p$, $\tau^-\tau^-p$, $p\mu^-\tau^-$) with spin-parity $J^P = 1/2^ $ and $3/2^ $, and four-body systems ($pp\mu^-\mu^-$, $pp\tau^-\tau^-$) with $J^P = 0^ $, $1^ $, and $2^ $. We use complex scaling and Gaussian expansion methods to solve the complex-scaled Schr\"{o}dinger equation and obtain possible bound and quasi-bound states. The resulting binding energies range from $-33.8$~keV to $-340$~eV. Notably, we present the first theoretical estimation of the bound-state energy levels of $pp\mu^-\mu^-$ and $pp\tau^-\tau^-$, which is of significant importance for understanding exotic few-body Coulomb systems. We further analyze spin configurations and root-mean-square radii to elucidate the spatial structure of these bound and quasi-bound states. Our results reveal that $K$-type spatial configurations play a crucial role in accurately describing bound and quasi-bound states in the hydrogen-molecule-like systems $pp\mu^-\mu^-$ and $pp\tau^-\tau^-$. Incorporating $K$-type configurations significantly alters the mass spectra of these states. Future muon colliders and muon facilities may offer promising platforms for the possible copious production of such heavy flavored hydrogen molecules and molecular ions. For instance, scattering processes such as $2\mu^- \mathrm{H_2} \to \mathrm{H_{2\mu}} 2e^-$, $\mu^- \mathrm{H_2} \to \mathrm{H_{\mu e}} e^-$, and $\mu^- \mathrm{H_2^ } \to \mathrm{H_{2\mu}^ } e^-$ could be utilized, facilitating detailed studies of intriguing states such as $\mathrm{H_{2\mu}}$, $\mathrm{H_{\mu e}}$, and $\mathrm{H_{2\mu}^ }$.
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Neutron Dark Decay in Neutron Stars: The Role of the Symmetry Energy
M. Divaris, Ch. C. Moustakidis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21754 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Neutron Dark Decay in Neutron Stars: The Role of the Symmetry Energy
We conduct a systematic investigation of the influence of the nuclear symmetry energy on the proposed neutron decay into dark matter particles within the cores of neutron stars. Unlike the majority of previous studies that considered only pure neutron matter, the present analysis is extended to encompass $β$-stable nuclear matter. Furthermore, in relation to previous studies, the interactions between dark matter and baryons are incorporated and systematically studied regarding their effect on …

Observation of long-range collective flow in OO and NeNe collisions and implications for nuclear structure studies
CMS Collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02580 https://

Observation of long-range collective flow in OO and NeNe collisions and implications for nuclear structure studies
The long-range collective flow of particles produced in oxygen-oxygen (OO) and neon-neon (NeNe) collisions is measured with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data samples were collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV, with integrated luminosities of 7 nb$^{-1}$ and 0.8 nb$^{-1}$ for OO and NeNe collisions, respectively. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations are measured over nearly five units of pseudorapidity. Significant elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v…

Interplay of energy and charge transfer in WSe2/CrSBr heterostructures
Jos\'e Roberto de Toledo, Caique Serati de Brito, Barbara L. T. Rosa, Alisson R. Cadore, C\'esar Ricardo Rabahi, Paulo E. Faria Junior, Ana Carolina Ferreira de Brito, Talieh S. Ghiasi, Josep Ingla-Ayn\'es, Christian Sch\"uller, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Stephan Reitzenstein, Ingrid D. Barcelos, Florian Dirnberger, Yara Galv\~ao Gobato

Interplay of energy and charge transfer in WSe2/CrSBr heterostructures
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) composed of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and layered magnetic semiconductors offer great opportunities to manipulate exciton and valley properties of TMDs. Here, we present magneto-photoluminescence (PL) studies in a WSe2 monolayer (ML) on a CrSBr crystal, an anisotropic layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor. Our results reveal unique behavior of each of the ML-WSe2 PL peaks under magnetic field that is distinct from the pristine case. An intr…

Elucidating the origin of long-range ferromagnetic order in Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ by low-energy magnon excitation studies
Birte Beier, Erik Walendy, Jan Arneth, Eva Br\"ucher, Reinhard K. Kremer, R\"udiger Klingeler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15366

Elucidating the origin of long-range ferromagnetic order in Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ by low-energy magnon excitation studies
We report a detailed high-field/high-frequency ferromagnetic resonance (HF-FMR) study of low-energy magnon excitations in the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. At 2 K, the field dependence of the magnon branches is well described by a semiclassical domain-based model, from which we extract key microscopic parameters including the anisotropy gap $Δ= 170\pm 4$ GHz, the anisotropy field $B_{\rm A} = 5.85\pm 0.08$ T, and the effective $g$-factor $g_{\rm ab}\simeq g_{\rm c} = 2.07(4)$. Furt…

Toward Greener Background Processes -- Measuring Energy Cost of Autosave Feature
Maria K\"u\"usvek, Hina Anwar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11738 https://

Toward Greener Background Processes - Measuring Energy Cost of Autosave Feature
Background processes in desktop applications are often overlooked in energy consumption studies, yet they represent continuous, automated workloads with significant cumulative impact. This paper introduces a reusable process for evaluating the energy behavior of such features at the level of operational design. The process works in three phases: 1) decomposing background functionality into core operations, 2) operational isolation, and 3) controlled measurements enabling comparative profiling. …

Numerical Studies for EuPRAXIA@SPARC\_LAB Plasma Beam Driven Working Point
Stefano Romeo, Alessio Del Dotto, Massimo Ferrario, Anna Giribono, Andrea Renato Rossi, Gilles Jacopo Silvi, Cristina Vaccarezza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20691

Numerical Studies for EuPRAXIA@SPARC\_LAB Plasma Beam Driven Working Point
The realization of a plasma based user facility on the model of EuPRAXIA@SPARC\_LAB requires to design a working point for the operation that allows to get an high accelerating gradient preserving a low emittance and low energy spread of the accelerated beam. Such beam is supposed to pilot a soft x-ray free electron laser with a wavelength of 2-\SI{4}{\nano\meter}. In this work several simulation scans are presented, varying at the same time the plasma density and driver-witness separation in o…

Large-scale anisotropies of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Marta Bianciotto (for the Pierre Auger Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19243

Large-scale anisotropies of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Measurements of anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are crucial to pinpoint their sources, which are yet to be discovered. A dipolar anisotropy in right ascension above 8~EeV has been detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory with a significance of $6.8 σ$. The direction of the dipole suggests an extragalactic origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays above those energies. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the studies on large-scale anisotropies i…

Performance and long-term aging studies on Eco-Friendly Resistive Plate Chamber detectors
D. Ahmadi (on behalf of the RPC ECOGAS@GIF Collaboration), M. Tytgat (on behalf of the RPC ECOGAS@GIF Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04777

Performance and long-term aging studies on Eco-Friendly Resistive Plate Chamber detectors
Resistive Plate Chambers detectors are extensively used in several domains of Physics. In High Energy Physics, they are typically operated in avalanche mode with a high-performance gas mixture based on Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), a fluorinated high Global Warming Potential greenhouse gas. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration has pursued an intensive R\&D activity to search for new gas mixtures with low environmental impact, fulfilling the performance expected for the LHC operations as well as for…

A general perspective on CBO methods with stochastic rate of information
Stefano Almi, Alessandro Baldi, Marco Morandotti, Francesco Solombrino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20029 …

A general perspective on CBO methods with stochastic rate of information
This paper studies a class of Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) models featuring an additional stochastic rate of information, modeling the agents' knowledge of the environment and energy landscape. The well-posedness of the stochastic system is proved, together with its finite-particle approximation and the mean-field convergence to a kinetic PDE. Particles are shown to concentrate around the consensus point under mild assumptions on the initial spatial distribution and initial level of knowl…

Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Two-level Systems directly after Cryogenic Alternating Bias
V. Iaia, E. S. Joseph, S. Im, N. Hagopian, S. O'Kelley, C. Kim, N. Materise, S. Patra, V. Lordi, M. A. Eriksson, P. M. Voyles, K. G. Ray, Y. J. Rosen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19223

Measuring the environmental impact of delivering AI at Google Scale
Cooper Elsworth, Keguo Huang, David Patterson, Ian Schneider, Robert Sedivy, Savannah Goodman, Ben Townsend, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Jeff Dean, Amin Vahdat, Ben Gomes, James Manyika
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15734

Measuring the environmental impact of delivering AI at Google Scale
The transformative power of AI is undeniable - but as user adoption accelerates, so does the need to understand and mitigate the environmental impact of AI serving. However, no studies have measured AI serving environmental metrics in a production environment. This paper addresses this gap by proposing and executing a comprehensive methodology for measuring the energy usage, carbon emissions, and water consumption of AI inference workloads in a large-scale, AI production environment. Our approa…

Quasiparticle interaction originating from Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces under pressure in 18%-S substituted FeSe studied via NMR
Zhongyu Yu, Xiaoling Shen, Koya Nakamura, Kazuya Inomata, Kohei Matsuura, Yuta Mizukami, Shigeru Kasahara, Yuji Matsuda, Takasada Shibauchi, Yoshiya Uwatoko, Naoki Fujiwara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20139

Quasiparticle interaction originating from Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces under pressure in 18%-S substituted FeSe studied via NMR
S-substituted FeSe superconductors in the tetragonal phase display several unique features among iron-based superconductors, particularly the presence of zero-energy excitations in the superconducting (SC) state.The recent concept of Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces (BFSs), a theoretical model describing ultranodal states, has attracted considerable interest. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$ (x=0.18) have revealed an anomalous low-energy spin fluctuations deep in the SC st…

Can plasmoid-mediated reconnection occur in collisionless systems?
Keita Akutagawa, Shinsuke Imada, Munehito Shoda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11904 https:/…

Can plasmoid-mediated reconnection occur in collisionless systems?
Magnetic reconnection is a process that converts magnetic energy into plasma energy by changing the magnetic field line topology. The outstanding question is why the reconnection rate is $\mathcal{O}(0.01 - 0.1)$ in many astrophysical phenomena, for example solar flares and terrestrial substorms. Previous studies have shown two ideas of Hall reconnection and plasmoid instability. However, there is no consensus on which process is the reason for the fast reconnection. In this paper, we discuss t…

A new rung on the ladder: exploring topological frustration towards two dimensions
Alberto Giuseppe Catalano, Nora Reini\'c, Gianpaolo Torre, Sven Benjamin Ko\v{z}i\'c, Karlo Deli\'c, Simone Montangero, Fabio Franchini, Salvatore Marco Gianpaolo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03574

A new rung on the ladder: exploring topological frustration towards two dimensions
Topological frustration arises when boundary conditions impose geometric frustration in a quantum system, creating delocalized defects in the ground states and profoundly altering the low-energy properties. While previous studies have been concerned with one-dimensional systems, showing that the ground state structure can be described in terms of quasiparticle excitations, the two-dimensional setting remains unexplored. We address this gap by studying a three-legged antiferromagnetic quantum Is…

Wireless Powered MEC Systems via Discrete Pinching Antennas: TDMA versus NOMA
Peng Liu, Zesong Fei, Meng Hua, Guangji Chen, Xinyi Wang, Ruiqi Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20908

Wireless Powered MEC Systems via Discrete Pinching Antennas: TDMA versus NOMA
Pinching antennas (PAs), a new type of reconfigurable and flexible antenna structures, have recently attracted significant research interest due to their ability to create line-of-sight links and mitigate large-scale path loss. Owing to their potential benefits, integrating PAs into wireless powered mobile edge computing (MEC) systems is regarded as a viable solution to enhance both energy transfer and task offloading efficiency. Unlike prior studies that assume ideal continuous PA placement al…

Dissecting the radiation mechanism of short GRB~160821B through multi-wavelength modelling
Ankur Ghosh, Monica Barnard, Jagdish C. Joshi, Soebur Razzaque
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00780

Dissecting the radiation mechanism of short GRB~160821B through multi-wavelength modelling
GRB~160821B is the only short GRB detected to date at very high energy (VHE, $\gtrsim 100$ GeV). At a redshift $z=0.161$, it was detected by MAGIC telescopes approximately four hours since the trigger. VHE dataset was complied with the datasets of other wavelengths in between the timescale of 1.7 to 4 hours to construct the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). In previous studies of GRB~160821B, synchrotron and external Compton (EC) model could explain the VHE emission better than the …

Experimental demonstration of two distinct pathways of trion generation in monolayer MoS2
Faiha Mujeeb, Arkaprava Chowdhury, Anindya Datta, Subhabrata Dhar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17584

Experimental demonstration of two distinct pathways of trion generation in monolayer MoS2
Excitation power and energy dependent photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies are carried out on chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown 1L-MoS2 films to understand the process of trion formation. The study shows that the excitation with sufficiently low photon energy results in the creation of trions directly in the K/K' valleys through photon absorption followed by phonon scattering events. On the other hand, excitation energy sufficiently larger than the ban…

Studies of beauty hadron and non-prompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV within a transport model approach
Jialin He, Xinye Peng, Xiaoming Zhang, Liang Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20291

Studies of beauty hadron and non-prompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV within a transport model approach
In high-energy proton proton ($pp$) collisions at the LHC, non-prompt charm hadrons, originating from beauty hadron decays, provide a valuable probe for beauty quark dynamics, particularly at low transverse momentum where direct beauty measurements are challenging. We employ A Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT) of string melting version coupled with PYTHIA8 initial conditions to study the beauty hadron and non-prompt charm hadron productions in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. In this wo…

Learning in Stackelberg Markov Games
Jun He, Andrew L. Liu, Yihsu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16296 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.16296

Learning in Stackelberg Markov Games
Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain environments, where a single leader interacts with a population of adaptive followers. Motivated by pressing real-world challenges such as equitable electricity tariff design for consumers with distributed energy resources (such as rooftop solar and energy stor…

Euclid: Discovery of bright $z\simeq7$ Lyman-break galaxies in UltraVISTA and Euclid COSMOS
R. G. Varadaraj, R. A. A. Bowler, M. J. Jarvis, J. R. Weaver, E. Ba\~nados, P. Holloway, K. I. Caputi, S. M. Wilkins, D. Yang, B. Milvang-Jensen, L. Gabarra, P. A. Oesch, A. Amara, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, C. Baccigalupi, M. Baldi, S. Bardelli, A. Biviano, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, S. Camera, G. Ca\~nas-Herrera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, J. Carretero, M. Castellano, G. Castignani, S. Cavuoti, …

Euclid: Discovery of bright $z\simeq7$ Lyman-break galaxies in UltraVISTA and Euclid COSMOS
We present a search for $z\simeq7$ Lyman-break galaxies using the $1.72 \, \rm{deg}^2$ near-infrared UltraVISTA survey in the COSMOS field, reaching $5\,σ$ depths in $Y$ of 26.2. We incorporate deep optical and Spitzer imaging for a full spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis. We find 289 candidate galaxies at $6.5\leq z \leq 7.5$ covering $-22.6 \leq M_{\rm UV} \leq -20.2$, faint enough to overlap with Hubble Space Telescope studies. We conduct a separate selection by including c…

LLM Meets the Sky: Heuristic Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Secure Heterogeneous UAV Networks
Lijie Zheng, Ji He, Shih Yu Chang, Yulong Shen, Dusit Niyato
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17188

LLM Meets the Sky: Heuristic Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Secure Heterogeneous UAV Networks
This work tackles the physical layer security (PLS) problem of maximizing the secrecy rate in heterogeneous UAV networks (HetUAVNs) under propulsion energy constraints. Unlike prior studies that assume uniform UAV capabilities or overlook energy-security trade-offs, we consider a realistic scenario where UAVs with diverse payloads and computation resources collaborate to serve ground terminals in the presence of eavesdroppers. To manage the complex coupling between UAV motion and communication,…

Enhancing Particle Identification in Helium-Based Drift Chambers Using Cluster Counting Insights from Beam Test Studies
W. Elmetenawee, M. Abbrescia, M. Anwar, G. Chiarello, A. Corvaglia, F. Cuna, N. De Filippis, F. De Santis, M. Dong, E. Gorini, F Grancagnolo, F. G. Gravili, K. Johnson, S. Liu, M. Louka, A. Miccoli, M. Panareo, M. Primavera, F. M. Procacci, A. Taliercio, G. Tassielli, A. Ventura L. Wu, G. Zhao

Enhancing Particle Identification in Helium-Based Drift Chambers Using Cluster Counting Insights from Beam Test Studies
Particle identification in gaseous detectors traditionally relies on energy loss measurements (dE/dx); however, uncertainties in total energy deposition limit its resolution. The cluster counting technique (dN/dx) offers an alternative approach by exploiting the Poisson-distributed nature of primary ionization, providing a statistically robust method for mass determination. Simulation studies with Garfield++ and Geant4 indicate that dN/dx can achieve twice the resolution of dE/dx in helium-base…

Runaway electron interactions with whistler waves in tokamak plasmas: energy-dependent transport scaling
Yashika Ghai, D. Del-Castillo-Negrete, D. A. Spong, M. T. Beidler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13271

Runaway electron interactions with whistler waves in tokamak plasmas: energy-dependent transport scaling
Resonant interactions between high energy runaway electrons (REs) and whistler waves are a promising mechanism for RE mitigation in tokamak plasmas. While prior studies have largely relied on quasi-linear diffusion models in simplified geometries, we present a first-principles-informed framework that models RE-whistler interactions in a 3D tokamak equilibrium. This is achieved by coupling AORSA, which computes whistler eigenmodes for a given tokamak plasma equilibrium, and KORC, a kinetic orbit…

Inconsistencies of Tsallis Cosmology within Horizon Thermodynamics and Holographic Scenarios
Pedro M. Ibarbo P., J. Bayron Orjuela-Quintana, Jose L. Palacios-C\'ordoba, C\'esar A. Valenzuela-Toledo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00234

Inconsistencies of Tsallis Cosmology within Horizon Thermodynamics and Holographic Scenarios
We investigate the cosmological implications of Tsallis entropy in two widely discussed settings: the Cai--Kim thermodynamic derivation of the Friedmann equations and the holographic dark energy (HDE) scenario with the Hubble scale as infrared cutoff. In both cases, the dynamics introduce a nonextensivity parameter $δ$, with standard $Λ$CDM recovered for $δ=1$. Previous studies have argued that only small deviations from extensivity are observationally allowed, typically constraining $|…

Linking Young Stellar Object Morphology to Evolutionary Stages with Self-Organizing Maps
David Hernandez, Odysseas Dionatos, Marc Audard, G\'abor Marton, Julia Roquette, Ilknur Gezer, M\'at\'e Madar\'asz, Kai L. Polsterer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19069

Linking Young Stellar Object Morphology to Evolutionary Stages with Self-Organizing Maps
Studies in the past few decades have investigated young stellar object evolution based on their spectral energy distribution (SED). The SED is heavily influenced not only by evolutionary stage, but also the morphology of the young star. This work is part of the NEMESIS project which is aiming to revisit star formation with the aid of machine learning techniques and provides the framework for this work. In a first effort towards a novel spectro-morphological classification we analyzed young stel…

Nucleon charge radius measurement with low-energy electron scattering
Clement Legris, Rika Danjo, Taiga Goke, Yuki Honda, Kengo Hotta, Rin Kagami, Hiroki Kobayashi, Michael Kohl, Yukie Maeda, Dominique Marchand, Edward Morris, Toshiya Muto, Tetsuya Ohnishi, Shunto Sasaki, Toshimi Suda, Kyo Tsukada, Eric Voutier, Toyohiro Yamauchi, Kosei Yoshimoto
https://

Nucleon charge radius measurement with low-energy electron scattering
The charge radius is one of the most basic characteristics of the nucleons. The proton charge radius is especially of great importance for many applications such as the structure studies of the atomic nuclei, the determination of the Rydberg constant and QED tests. Its determination is thus a hot topic in several physics communities due to inconsistent results using electron scattering, atomic and muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. A new measurement of the proton and deuteron charge radii with low e…

Performance Studies of Layered Water Cherenkov Detectors
Pierre Billoir, Benjamin Flaggs, Ioana C. Mari\c{s}, Andrea Parenti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17461 https://

Performance Studies of Layered Water Cherenkov Detectors
Next-generation air-shower detectors, such as the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and the Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) experiment, are considering water-Cherenkov detectors as a base design. A key factor in improving the sensitivity to ultra-high-energy gamma rays and to the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is the ability to measure the muonic content of air showers. To address this, a layered water Cherenkov tank design has been previously proposed. The water v…

Interactions Between Multiple Environmental Markets: Addressing Contamination Bias in Overlapping Policies
Tiantian Yang, Richard S. J. Tol
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26403 http…

Interactions Between Multiple Environmental Markets: Addressing Contamination Bias in Overlapping Policies
To address the dual environmental challenges of pollution and climate change, China has established multiple environmental markets, including pollution emissions trading, carbon emissions trading, energy-use rights trading, and green electricity trading. Previous empirical studies suffer from known biases arising from time-varying treatment and multiple treatments. To address these limitations, this study adopts a dynamic control group design and combines Difference-in-Difference (DiD) and Arti…

On the Variability Features of Active Galactic Nuclei in Little Red Dots
Shuying Zhou, Mouyuan Sun, Zijian Zhang, Jie Chen, Luis C. Ho
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16795 https://

On the Variability Features of Active Galactic Nuclei in Little Red Dots
The high-redshift ($z>4$) compact sources with ``V-shaped" spectral energy distributions (SEDs), known as Little Red Dots (LRDs), are discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope and provide valuable clues to the physics of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the early universe. The nature of LRDs is controversial. Recently, several studies have investigated LRDs through variability, a characteristic feature of AGNs. These studies explore LRD variability by extrapolating empirical relationships fr…

On the Trade-Off Between Sum-Rate and Energy Efficiency through the Convergence of HAPS and Active RIS Technologies
Bilal Karaman, Ilhan Basturk, Ferdi Kara, Metin Ozturk, Sezai Taskin, Halil Yanikomeroglu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13889

On the Trade-Off Between Sum-Rate and Energy Efficiency through the Convergence of HAPS and Active RIS Technologies
This paper investigates the integration of active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) relay with high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) to enhance non-terrestrial network (NTN) performance in next-generation wireless systems. While prior studies focused on passive RIS architectures, the severe path loss and double fading in long-distance HAPS links make active RIS a more suitable alternative due to its inherent signal amplification capabilities. We formulate a sum-rate maximization proble…

A study of the electronic and ionic structure, for co-existing states of fully and partially ionized hydrogen, using the neutral pseudo-atom method as well as a classical map for the electron subsystem
M. W. C. Dharma-wardana
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00388

A study of the electronic and ionic structure, for co-existing states of fully and partially ionized hydrogen, using the neutral pseudo-atom method as well as a classical map for the electron subsystem
Prof. Michael Bonitz and his collaborators have made seminal contributions to the study of the uniform electron fluid and the electron-proton fluid, viz., hydrogen, in using {\it ab initio} simulations. These studies provide essential inputs to astrophysics as well as high-energy density physics. This is reflected in the contributions to this festshrift in his honour. The electron-proton system becomes particularly difficult for theoretical modeling when the temperature becomes comparable to th…

Long-range spatial extension of exciton states in van der Waals heterostructure
Zhiwen Zhou, E. A. Szwed, W. J. Brunner, H. Henstridge, L. H. Fowler-Gerace, L. V. Butov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20306

Long-range spatial extension of exciton states in van der Waals heterostructure
Narrow lines in photoluminescence (PL) spectra of excitons are characteristic of low-dimensional semiconductors. These lines correspond to the emission of exciton states in local minima of a potential energy landscape formed by fluctuations of the local exciton environment in the heterostructure. The spatial extension of such states was in the nanometer range. In this work, we present studies of narrow lines in PL spectra of spatially indirect excitons (IXs) in a MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$ van der Waals …

Enhanced Cosmic-Ray Cooling in AGN from Dark Matter Deep Inelastic Scattering
Linjie Li, Chih-Ting Lu, Arvind Kumar Mishra, Liangliang Su, Lei Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11906

Enhanced Cosmic-Ray Cooling in AGN from Dark Matter Deep Inelastic Scattering
The diffusion of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) through the dark matter (DM) spikes of active galactic nuclei entails significant energy loss via interactions with DM. While previous studies of sub-GeV DM have focused on elastic scattering, this process becomes insufficient at higher proton energies and DM masses. In this work, we investigate the CR-DM deep inelastic scattering (DIS) as mediated by a vector portal. We calculate the DIS contribution to the CR energy loss rate and derive stringent…

Clues on the X-ray emission mechanism of blazars PKS 2155$-$304 and 3C 454.3 through polarization studies
Athira M Bharathan, C S Stalin, Sunder Sahayanathan, Blesson Mathew
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16976

Clues on the X-ray emission mechanism of blazars PKS 2155$-$304 and 3C 454.3 through polarization studies
X-ray polarization measurable with the imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (\textit{IXPE}) could constrain the long-debated leptonic versus hadronic origin of the high-energy component in the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars. We report \textit{IXPE} results and SED modeling of PKS 2155$-$304 and 3C 454.3, a high- and low-synchrotron-peaked blazar. For PKS 2155$-$304, model-independent analysis gives polarization angle $Ψ_X$ = (130$\pm$2.5) deg and polarization degree $Π_…

Platoon-Centric Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory Using Safe Reinforcement Learning
Ruining Yang, Jingyuan Zhou, Qiqing Wang, Jinhao Liang, Kaidi Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12378

Platoon-Centric Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory Using Safe Reinforcement Learning
With recent advancements in Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) emerges as a promising eco-driving strategy to reduce the number of stops and idle time at intersections, thereby reducing energy consumption and emissions. Existing studies typically improve energy and travel efficiency for individual CAVs without considering their impacts on the entire mixed-traffic platoon, leading to inefficient traffic flow. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the…

Decay study of the most neutron-deficient Zn isotopes with the Warsaw Optical TPC detector
A. Kubiela, D. -S. Ahn, H. Baba, A. Bezbakh, A. A. Ciemny, W. Dominik, N. Fukuda, A. Giska, R. Grzywacz, V. Guadilla, Y. Ichikawa, Z. Janas, {\L}. Janiak, G. Kaminski, K. Kawata, T. Kubo, M. Madurga, C. Mazzocchi, H. Nishibata, M. Pomorski, Y. Shimizu, N. Soko{\l}owska, D. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, P. Szymkiewicz, A. Swiercz, M. Tajima, A. Takamine, H. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, C. R. Thornsberry, H. Ueno, H.…

Decay study of the most neutron-deficient Zn isotopes with the Warsaw Optical TPC detector
Results of decay studies of nuclei in the vicinity of 54Zn, which is the most neutron-deficient isotope of zinc and undergoes ground-state two-proton radioactivity (2p), are presented. The measurements were performed with a gaseous time projection chamber with optical readout which allowed us to record tracks of protons emitted in the decays. A new method of data analysis was used to reconstruct energies and emission angles of low-energy protons that were stopped within the active volume of the…

The mass of the Milky Way from outer halo stars measured by DESI DR1
Gustavo E. Medina, Ting S. Li, Gwendolyn M. Eadie, Alexander H. Riley, Monica Valluri, Nabeel Rehemtulla, Jiaxin Han, Wenting Wang, Amanda Bystr\"om, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, S. E. Koposov, N. R. Sandford, R. G. Carlberg, M. Lambert, O. Y. Gnedin, A. P. Cooper, J. Garc\'ia-Bellido, N. Kizhuprakkat, B. A. Weaver, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, A. Anand, D. Bianchi, D. Brooks, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, P…

The mass of the Milky Way from outer halo stars measured by DESI DR1
As a benchmark for galaxy evolution and dark matter studies, the total mass of the Milky Way is a parameter of cosmological significance, and its value at large radii from the Galactic center remains highly uncertain. Following a hierarchical Bayesian inference approach, we measure the cumulative mass of the Milky Way using full 6D phase-space information of stars from the first data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We employ 330 blue horizontal-branch stars (BHBs) an…

A Comprehensive Incremental and Ensemble Learning Approach for Forecasting Individual Electric Vehicle Charging Parameters
Parnian Alikhani, Nico Brinkel, Wouter Schram, Ioannis Lampropoulos, Wilfried van Sark
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17772

A Comprehensive Incremental and Ensemble Learning Approach for Forecasting Individual Electric Vehicle Charging Parameters
Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to reduce grid stress through smart charging strategies while simultaneously meeting user demand. This requires accurate forecasts of key charging parameters, such as energy demand and connection time. Although previous studies have made progress in this area, they have overlooked the importance of dynamic training to capture recent patterns and have excluded EV sessions with limited information, missing potential opportunities to use these data. To ad…

Noise Modeling and Calibration of a Two-Stage Cryogenic Charge Amplifier for the SPLENDOR Experiment
Jadyn Anczarski, Owen Andrews, Taylor Aralis, Caleb Fink, Noah Kurinsky, Arran Phipps, Aditi Pradeep, Betty A. Young
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01463

Noise Modeling and Calibration of a Two-Stage Cryogenic Charge Amplifier for the SPLENDOR Experiment
The SPLENDOR Collaboration studies novel narrow-gap semiconductors and engineered a substrate agnostic detector platform to achieve $\mathcal{O}$(meV) energy sensitivity designed for low mass dark matter searches. This was achieved using low-capacitance and low-noise commercial CryoHEMTs in a split-stage topology integrated throughout a dilution refrigerator. Designed with a source-follower HEMT at the base temperature stage and a voltage amplifier at 4\,K, this amplifier has input-limited volt…

Polarization- and time-resolved nonlinear multi-photon spectroscopy for confocal microscopy of semiconductor nanostructures
Nikita V. Siverin, Andreas Farenbruch, Dmitri R. Yakovlev, Daniel J. Gillard, Xuerong Hu, Alexander I. Tartakovskii, Manfred Bayer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18026

Polarization- and time-resolved nonlinear multi-photon spectroscopy for confocal microscopy of semiconductor nanostructures
We present a versatile confocal microscopy setup for optical second harmonic generation (SHG) and multi-photon spectroscopy that enables polarization-resolved studies of semiconductor bulk crystals and low-dimensional structures. The system offers full polarization control in both excitation and detection, spatial scanning with micrometer resolution, and spectrally tunable excitation over a broad energy range from 0.5 to 4.0 eV, using femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. Samples are mounted…

Variability in Black Hole Accretion: Dependence on Rotational and Magnetic Energy Balance
Hyerin Cho, Ramesh Narayan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13441 https…

Variability in Black Hole Accretion: Dependence on Rotational and Magnetic Energy Balance
Most general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black hole (BH) hot accretion flows are initialized with small rotating tori and produce stable jets with only small fluctuations. However, recent studies using larger scale Bondi-like initial conditions have reported intermittent jet activity and loss of coherent rotation. To investigate the differences, we modify the standard torus setup across four BH spins: $a_*=0$, $0.5$, $0.9$, $-0.9$. First, we increase the torus size significa…

Towards next-gen parton distribution and fragmentation functions
Tanishq Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15290 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15290

Towards next-gen parton distribution and fragmentation functions
The interest into parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) in current high energy physics research is twofold. On the one hand, they are fundamental objects to conduct precision phenomenology studies, e.g. at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to determine the Standard Model parameters and search for new physics. On the other hand, they are also a means to understand the inner structure and dynamics of hadrons, e.g. in regards to the proton spin decomposition at the …

Methods for Multi-objective Optimization PID Controller for quadrotor UAVs
Andrea Vaiuso, Gabriele Immordino, Ludovica Onofri, Giuliano Coppotelli, Marcello Righi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17423

Methods for Multi-objective Optimization PID Controller for quadrotor UAVs
Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles into daily use requires controllers that ensure stable flight, efficient energy use, and reduced noise. Proportional integral derivative controllers remain standard but are highly sensitive to gain selection, with manual tuning often yielding suboptimal trade-offs. This paper studies different optimization techniques for the automated tuning of quadrotor proportional integral derivative gains under a unified simulation that couples a blade element momentum b…

Joint Optimisation of Electric Vehicle Routing and Scheduling: A Deep Learning-Driven Approach for Dynamic Fleet Sizes
Jun Kang Yap, Vishnu Monn Baskaran, Wen Shan Tan, Ze Yang Ding, Hao Wang, David L. Dowe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15307

Joint Optimisation of Electric Vehicle Routing and Scheduling: A Deep Learning-Driven Approach for Dynamic Fleet Sizes
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly prevalent nowadays, with studies highlighting their potential as mobile energy storage systems to provide grid support. Realising this potential requires effective charging coordination, which are often formulated as mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems. However, MIP problems are NP-hard and often intractable when applied to time-sensitive tasks. To address this limitation, we propose a deep learning assisted approach for optimising a day-ah…

CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies
Sophie Aerdker, Rafael Alves Batista, Julia Becker Tjus, Gaetano Di Marco, Julien D\"orner, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Lukas Merten, Leonel Morejon, Gero M\"uller, Patrick Reichherzer, Andrey Saveliev, Leander Schlegel, G\"unter Sigl, Arjen van Vliet
https://

CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies
We present CRPropa 3.3, the latest release of the publicly available Monte Carlo framework for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in astrophysical environments. This version introduces significant extensions that enables multi-messenger studies across a broad energy range, from GeV to ZeV. New features include explicit time tracking, time-dependent advection fields, and support for position-dependent radiation backgrounds, for more realistic simulations of Galactic and extragal…

A multi-wavelength view of the multi-messenger sources NGC 1068 and PKS 1502 1061
Abhishek Desai, Stefano Marchesi, Justin Vandenbroucke, Indrani Pal, Ke Fang, Dieter Hartmann, Regina Caputo, Marco Ajello, Jessie Thwaites, Kavic R Kumar, Sam Hori
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10194

A multi-wavelength view of the multi-messenger sources NGC 1068 and PKS 1502+1061
Multi-messenger astronomy offers a powerful approach to studying high-energy radiative processes in astrophysical sources. A notable example was seen in 2017, when the IceCube Neutrino Observatory detected a high-energy neutrino event that was found to coincide with a gamma-ray flare from a blazar. Since then, numerous multi-messenger studies combining neutrino and photon data have been conducted, yet the origin of neutrinos from active galactic nuclei (AGN) remains uncertain. In this work, we …