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Configurational Entropy-Driven Phase Stability and Thermal Transport in Rock-Salt High-Entropy Oxides
Ashutosh Kumar, Adrien Moll, Jitendra Kumar, Diana Dragoe, David B\'erardan, Nita Dragoe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09342

Configurational Entropy-Driven Phase Stability and Thermal Transport in Rock-Salt High-Entropy Oxides
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) offer a unique platform for exploring the thermodynamic interaction between configurational entropy and enthalpy in stabilizing complex solid solutions. In this study, a series of rock-salt structured oxides with varying configurational entropy, ranging from binary to multi-cation systems, to elucidate the competing roles of enthalpy and entropy in phase stabilization is investigated. Compositions including (Ni$_{0.8}$Cu$_{0.2}$)O to(NiCuZnCoMg)$_{0.9}$A$_{0.1}$O (A =…

Entropy Regularizing Activation: Boosting Continuous Control, Large Language Models, and Image Classification with Activation as Entropy Constraints
Zilin Kang, Chonghua Liao, Tingqiang Xu, Huazhe Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08549

Entropy Regularizing Activation: Boosting Continuous Control, Large Language Models, and Image Classification with Activation as Entropy Constraints
We propose ERA, a new paradigm that constrains the sampling entropy above given thresholds by applying specially designed activations to the outputs of models. Our approach demonstrates broad effectiveness across different domains: 1) for large language models(LLMs), boosting the AIME 2025 score for Qwen2.5-Math-7B by 37.4%; 2) for continuous control reinforcement learning agents, improving performance by more than 30% over strong baselines such as SAC on the challenging HumanoidBench; 3) for i…

On estimation of weighted cumulative residual Tsallis entropy
Siddhartha Chakraborty, Asok K. Nanda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12442 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

On estimation of weighted cumulative residual Tsallis entropy
Recently, weighted cumulative residual Tsallis entropy has been introduced in the literature as a generalization of weighted cumulative residual entropy. We study some new properties of weighted cumulative residual Tsallis entropy measure. Next, we propose some non-parametric estimators of this measure. Asymptotic properties of these estimators are discussed. Performance of these estimators are compared by mean squared error. Non-parametric estimators for weighted cumulative residual entropy me…

On Estimating the Quantum Tsallis Relative Entropy
Jinge Bao, Minbo Gao, Qisheng Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00752 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.00752

On Estimating the Quantum Tsallis Relative Entropy
The relative entropy between quantum states quantifies their distinguishability. The estimation of certain relative entropies has been investigated in the literature, e.g., the von Neumann relative entropy and sandwiched Rényi relative entropy. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the estimation of the quantum Tsallis relative entropy. We show that for any constant $α\in (0, 1)$, the $α$-Tsallis relative entropy between two quantum states of rank $r$ can be estimated with sampl…

Networks Multiscale Entropy Analysis
Sebasti\'an Brzovic, Crist\'obal Rojas, Andr\'es Abeliuk
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11524 https://arxiv.or…

Networks Multiscale Entropy Analysis
Understanding the structural complexity and predictability of complex networks is a central challenge in network science. Although recent studies have revealed a relationship between compression-based entropy and link prediction performance, existing methods focus on single-scale representations. This approach often overlooks the rich hierarchical patterns that can exist in real-world networks. In this study, we introduce a multiscale entropy framework that extends previous entropy-based approa…

Hallucination Filtering in Radiology Vision-Language Models Using Discrete Semantic Entropy
Patrick Wienholt, Sophie Caselitz, Robert Siepmann, Philipp Bruners, Keno Bressem, Christiane Kuhl, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Sven Nebelung, Daniel Truhn
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09256

Hallucination Filtering in Radiology Vision-Language Models Using Discrete Semantic Entropy
To determine whether using discrete semantic entropy (DSE) to reject questions likely to generate hallucinations can improve the accuracy of black-box vision-language models (VLMs) in radiologic image based visual question answering (VQA). This retrospective study evaluated DSE using two publicly available, de-identified datasets: (i) the VQA-Med 2019 benchmark (500 images with clinical questions and short-text answers) and (ii) a diagnostic radiology dataset (206 cases: 60 computed tomography …

Contraction and entropy production in continuous-time Sinkhorn dynamics
Anand Srinivasan, Jean-Jacques Slotine
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12639 https://arx…

Contraction and entropy production in continuous-time Sinkhorn dynamics
Recently, the vanishing-step-size limit of the Sinkhorn algorithm at finite regularization parameter $\varepsilon$ was shown to be a mirror descent in the space of probability measures. We give $L^2$ contraction criteria in two time-dependent metrics induced by the mirror Hessian, which reduce to the coercivity of certain conditional expectation operators. We then give an exact identity for the entropy production rate of the Sinkhorn flow, which was previously known only to be nonpositive. Exam…

Token-Level Policy Optimization: Linking Group-Level Rewards to Token-Level Aggregation via Markov Likelihood
Xingyu Lin, Yilin Wen, En Wang, Du Su, Wenbin Liu, Chenfu Bao, Zhonghou Lv
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09369

Token-Level Policy Optimization: Linking Group-Level Rewards to Token-Level Aggregation via Markov Likelihood
Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has significantly advanced the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), particularly by boosting their mathematical performance. However, GRPO and related entropy-regularization methods still face challenges rooted in the sparse token rewards inherent to chain-of-thought (CoT). Current approaches often rely on undifferentiated token-level entropy adjustments, which frequently lead to entropy collapse or model collapse. In this work, we propose…

Evaluating the Quality of Randomness and Entropy in Tasks Supported by Large Language Models
Rabimba Karanjai, Yang Lu, Ranjith Chodavarapu, Lei Xu, Weidong Shi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12080

Evaluating the Quality of Randomness and Entropy in Tasks Supported by Large Language Models
The rapid advancement of large language model (LLM) technology has led to diverse applications, many of which inherently require randomness, such as stochastic decision-making, gaming, scheduling, AI agents, and cryptography-related tasks. However, the capabilities of LLMs in handling randomness, particularly in generating and utilizing random numbers effectively, remain unclear. This paper investigates the capacity of LLMs for handling tasks that involve randomness through a series of experime…

Area Law for the entanglement entropy of free fermions in nonrandom ergodic field
Leonid Pastur, Mira Shamis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11111 https://arxiv…

Area Law for the entanglement entropy of free fermions in nonrandom ergodic field
The paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of one of the widely used characteristics of correlations in large quantum systems. The correlations are known as quantum entanglement, the characteristic is called the entanglement entropy, and as large systems we consider an ideal gas of spinless lattice fermions. The system is determined by its one-body Hamiltonian. As shown in \cite{EPS}, if the Hamiltonian is an ergodic finite difference operator with exponentially decaying spectral projection, …

Entanglement Entropy and Complexity in Dyonic Quantum Black Holes
Sanhita Parihar, Gurmeet Singh Punia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05264 https://arxiv.org/p…

Entanglement Entropy and Complexity in Dyonic Quantum Black Holes
In this work, we study the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and holographic complexity (HC) for three-dimensional dyonic quantum black holes, incorporating corrections arising from bulk quantum fields in the setup of double holography. We investigate the holographic entanglement entropy through the holographic Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) prescription and the island prescription. Using RT extremization, we evaluate HEE for connected and disconnected (island) surfaces and show islands emerge when R…

Spectroscopy of charmonium-like mesons, heavy-light mesons with charm, AdS/QCD, and configurational entropy
A. E. Bernardini, W. de Paula, R. da Rocha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11885

Spectroscopy of charmonium-like mesons, heavy-light mesons with charm, AdS/QCD, and configurational entropy
Heavy-light-flavor meson resonances with charm, in the $D^0$ and $D^*$ families, and charmonium-like states, in the $η_c$ and $χ_{c1}$ families, are explored and discussed in the AdS/QCD model with four quark flavors. The differential configurational entropy is computed and analyzed for these four charmed meson families, also combining 4-flavor AdS/QCD to experimental data for the $D^0$, $D^*$, $η_c$, and $χ_{c1}$ meson families. It makes it possible to predict the mass spectrum of unexplor…

Mass-to-Horizon Relation and Entropy Beyond the Bekenstein-Hawking Limit
Hussain Gohar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07587 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07587

Mass-to-Horizon Relation and Entropy Beyond the Bekenstein-Hawking Limit
We introduce a generalized mass-horizon relation applicable to cosmological horizons. This formulation provides a unified framework for deriving a broad class of Bekenstein entropy extensions motivated by statistical mechanics, quantum gravity, and phenomenological considerations, through the application of the Clausius relation together with the Hawking temperature. We further introduce this notion as a foundational framework for constructing generalized entropy forms that remain consistent wi…

On the cardinality of measures of maximal relative entropy for smooth skew products
Matheus M. Castro, Gary Froyland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04475 https://

On the cardinality of measures of maximal relative entropy for smooth skew products
Let $Ω$ and $M$ be compact smooth manifolds and let $Θ:Ω\times M\toΩ\times M$ be a $\mathcal C^{1+α}$ skew-product diffeomorphism over an Axiom A base. We show that $Θ$ has at most countably many ergodic hyperbolic measures of maximal relative entropy. When $\dim M=2$, if $Θ$ has positive relative topological entropy, then $Θ$ has at most countably many ergodic measures of maximal relative entropy.

Exploring Complexity Measures for Analysis of Solar Wind Structures and Streams
Venla Koikkalainen, Emilia Kilpua, Simon Good, Adnane Osmane
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05873 htt…

Exploring Complexity Measures for Analysis of Solar Wind Structures and Streams
In this paper we use statistical complexity and information theory metrics to study structure within solar wind time series. We explore this using entropy-complexity and information planes, where the measure for entropy is formed using either permutation entropy or the degree distribution of a horizontal visibility graph (HVG). The entropy is then compared to the Jensen complexity (Jensen-Shannon complexity plane) and Fisher information measure (Fisher-Shannon information plane), formed both fr…

A reverse entropy power inequality for i.i.d. log-concave random variables
Zhen Fu, Jiange Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09206 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0…

A reverse entropy power inequality for i.i.d. log-concave random variables
Let $X$ and $Y$ be independent identically distributed log-concave random variables. We show that $h_\infty(X+Y)-h_\infty(X)$ is maximized when $X$ and $Y$ have exponential distributions. Here, $h_\infty(\cdot)$ is the Rényi entropy of order $\infty$. Analogs for integer-valued log-concave random variables are also obtained.

Entropy-energy solutions for Thermo-Visco-Elastic systems with Mr\'oz-type inelastic behavior
Tomasz Cie\'slak, Sebastian Owczarek, Karolina wielgos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04152

Entropy-energy solutions for Thermo-Visco-Elastic systems with Mróz-type inelastic behavior
In this article, we study a thermodynamically consistent thermo-visco-elastic model describing the balance of internal energy in a heat-conducting inelastic body. In the considered problem, the temperature dependence appears in both the elastic and inelastic constitutive relations. For such a system, we introduce the concept of a weak entropy-energy solution, which satisfies the entropy equality instead of the internal energy equation. Although the model does not possess any mathematically favo…

Sample-Efficient and Smooth Cross-Entropy Method Model Predictive Control Using Deterministic Samples
Markus Walker, Daniel Frisch, Uwe D. Hanebeck
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05706

Sample-Efficient and Smooth Cross-Entropy Method Model Predictive Control Using Deterministic Samples
Cross-entropy method model predictive control (CEM--MPC) is a powerful gradient-free technique for nonlinear optimal control, but its performance is often limited by the reliance on random sampling. This conventional approach can lead to inefficient exploration of the solution space and non-smooth control inputs, requiring a large number of samples to achieve satisfactory results. To address these limitations, we propose deterministic sampling CEM (dsCEM), a novel framework that replaces the ra…

The role of entropy production and thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the thermalization of open quantum systems
\'Alvaro Tejero
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05072 https:/…

The role of entropy production and thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the thermalization of open quantum systems
The asymmetry between heating and cooling in open quantum systems is a hallmark of nonequilibrium dynamics, yet its thermodynamic origin has remained unclear. Here, we investigate the thermalization of a quantum system weakly coupled to a thermal bath, focusing on the entropy production rate and the quantum thermokinetic uncertainty relation (TKUR). We derive an analytical expression for the entropy production rate, showing that heating begins with a higher entropy production, which drives fast…

Consciousness As Entropy Reduction (Short Version)
Yifeng Chen, J. W. Sanders
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06297 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.06297

Consciousness As Entropy Reduction (Short Version)
A model of consciousness is proposed which, having a logical basis, lends itself to simulation using a simple mathematical model called Consciousness as Entropy Reduction (CER). The approach has been inspired by previous models such as GWT, IIT and an earlier less mainstream model called "Feature Map" in Psychology. CER considers the contents of consciousness and subconsciousness as \textit{scenarios}: a vector of patterns (or features) on various "channels" (or feature locations). In CER, a fe…

Variational formulae for entropy-like functionals for states in von Neumann algebras
Andrzej {\L}uczak, Hanna Pods\k{e}dkowska, Rafa{\l} Wieczorek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07605

Variational formulae for entropy-like functionals for states in von Neumann algebras
The paper presents variational formulae for entropy-like functionals, including Segal and Rényi entropies, for normal states on semifinite von Neumann algebras. The considered functionals are of the form $τ(f(h))$ where $τ$ is a normal faithful semifinite trace on this algebra, $h$ is a positive selfadjoint operator from $L^1(\M,τ)$, and $f$ is an appropriate convex or concave function. The results cover both finite and semifinite algebras, and the obtained formulae generalise known results…

Entropy Engineering-Regulated Electron-Phonon Coupling for Highly Efficient Photoluminescence in Se-doped WS2
Chi Zhang, Quan Shen, Mengmeng Zhang, Zhiming Deng, Taishen Wu, Xuying Zhong, Gang Ouyang, Dongsheng Tang, Qi Zheng, Jiansheng Dong, Weichang Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11081

Entropy Engineering-Regulated Electron-Phonon Coupling for Highly Efficient Photoluminescence in Se-doped WS2
The limited quantum yield of strained monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides grown by vapor-phase methods and during transfer-based stacking poses a fundamental challenge for their optoelectronic applications. Here, we introduce the concept of "entropy engineering" as a transformative strategy to selectively enhance light-matter interactions through controlled electron-phonon coupling. We unveil how tailored entropy introduced via precise selenium doping or interfacial van der Waals proximi…

Convergence Theorems for Entropy-Regularized and Distributional Reinforcement Learning
Yash Jhaveri, Harley Wiltzer, Patrick Shafto, Marc G. Bellemare, David Meger
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08526

Convergence Theorems for Entropy-Regularized and Distributional Reinforcement Learning
In the pursuit of finding an optimal policy, reinforcement learning (RL) methods generally ignore the properties of learned policies apart from their expected return. Thus, even when successful, it is difficult to characterize which policies will be learned and what they will do. In this work, we present a theoretical framework for policy optimization that guarantees convergence to a particular optimal policy, via vanishing entropy regularization and a temperature decoupling gambit. Our approac…

An SoS Entropy Dichotomy via Windowed Hypercontractivity
Marko Lela
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24280 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24280

An SoS Entropy Dichotomy via Windowed Hypercontractivity
We prove an entropy versus degree dichotomy for low-degree tests and the Sum-of-Squares (SoS) hierarchy on a calibrated window after a gadget layer. For a target distribution \(μ\) and a product-like proxy \(u\), we study the low-degree discrepancy \(Δ_k(μ,u)\), defined as the optimal distinguishing advantage of degree \(\le k\) polynomial tests. Using a bias-orthonormal Walsh basis and a test-moment equivalence on the window, we relate \(Δ_k\) (up to constants) to the squared \(\ell_2\) ma…

Probing the elusive equilibrium crystal/liquid coexistence state in monodisperse hard-sphere colloids simulations
J. Galen Wang, Umesh Dhumal, Monica E. A. Zakhari, Roseanna N. Zia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06506

Probing the elusive equilibrium crystal/liquid coexistence state in monodisperse hard-sphere colloids simulations
Entropically driven phase transitions in atomic and colloidal systems of monodisperse, purely repulsive hard spheres (MPRHS) are long-established in terms of distinct phases and phase envelopes via theory, simulations, and experiments. Frenkel proposed a mechanistic model for entropic phase separation in MPRHS, which lack obvious sources of competing entropy. He proposed that loss of long-range (configurational) entropy is offset by gain of short-range (vibrational) entropy - but its metastabil…

Restoring detailed balance in non-Hermitian Markov processes
Tim Van Wesemael, Gilberto Nakamura, Jan Baetens, Odemir M. Bruno, Alexandre S. Martinez, Christophe Deroulers
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09467

Restoring detailed balance in non-Hermitian Markov processes
Stochastic processes out-of-equilibrium often involve asymmetric contributions that break detailed balance and lead to non-monotonic entropy production, limiting thermodynamic interpretations and inference techniques. Here we use Dyson maps to restore monotonic entropy growth in those processes, allowing the use of standard tools from statistical physics, providing a general and computationally tractable method applicable to a broad class of Markovian systems.

DualResearch: Entropy-Gated Dual-Graph Retrieval for Answer Reconstruction
Jinxin Shi, Zongsheng Cao, Runmin Ma, Yusong Hu, Jie Zhou, Xin Li, Lei Bai, Liang He, Bo Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08959

DualResearch: Entropy-Gated Dual-Graph Retrieval for Answer Reconstruction
The deep-research framework orchestrates external tools to perform complex, multi-step scientific reasoning that exceeds the native limits of a single large language model. However, it still suffers from context pollution, weak evidentiary support, and brittle execution paths. To address these issues, we propose DualResearch, a retrieval and fusion framework that matches the epistemic structure of tool-intensive reasoning by jointly modeling two complementary graphs: a breadth semantic graph th…

Entropy for a class of micro-economic models
Robert S MacKay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01737 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.01737

Entropy for a class of micro-economic models
Chater and MacKay [CM] derived an entropy function of state for exchange economies satisfying a list of axioms, and showed that a change of state of a system of such economies is possible if and only if their total entropy does not decrease. In this paper, a large class of agent-based models is proved to satisfy the axioms in the thermodynamic limit, and the entropy is shown to be the logarithm of the partition function for their stationary distributions.

D-TPT: Dimensional Entropy Maximization for Calibrating Test-Time Prompt Tuning in Vision-Language Models
Jisu Han, Wonjun Hwang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09473 https://…

D-TPT: Dimensional Entropy Maximization for Calibrating Test-Time Prompt Tuning in Vision-Language Models
Test-time adaptation paradigm provides flexibility towards domain shifts by performing immediate adaptation on unlabeled target data from the source model. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage their generalization capabilities for diverse downstream tasks, and test-time prompt tuning has emerged as a prominent solution for adapting VLMs. In this work, we explore contrastive VLMs and identify the modality gap caused by a single dominant feature dimension across modalities. We observe that the …

CATMark: A Context-Aware Thresholding Framework for Robust Cross-Task Watermarking in Large Language Models
Yu Zhang, Shuliang Liu, Xu Yang, Xuming Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02342

CATMark: A Context-Aware Thresholding Framework for Robust Cross-Task Watermarking in Large Language Models
Watermarking algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively identify machine-generated content by embedding and detecting hidden statistical features in text. However, such embedding leads to a decline in text quality, especially in low-entropy scenarios where performance needs improvement. Existing methods that rely on entropy thresholds often require significant computational resources for tuning and demonstrate poor adaptability to unknown or cross-task generation scenarios. We prop…

General CoVaR Based on Entropy Pooling
Yuhong Xu, Xinyao Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21904 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21904

General CoVaR Based on Entropy Pooling
We propose a general CoVaR framework that extends the traditional CoVaR by incorporating diverse expert views and information, such as asset moment characteristics, quantile insights, and perspectives on the relative loss distribution between two assets. To integrate these expert views effectively while minimizing deviations from the prior distribution, we employ the entropy pooling method to derive the posterior distribution, which in turn enables us to compute the general CoVaR. Assuming biva…

She's right. So very, very right.
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DOwANiADYoc/?igsh=dnFiN3M5cjJjZXF6

Irene's Entropy on Instagram: "In a world where the top is trying to tear us apart, know that we hold power in our every day decisions of how we treat our friends, strangers, and neighbors. There is always some commonality in our human experience. Find it. Sometimes it takes work, but it’s what will make this world a better place. #storyteller #musician #news #currentevents #quinceñera #empowerment #love #fyp"
229K likes, 15K comments - irenes.entropy on September 18, 2025: "In a world where the top is trying to tear us apart, know that we hold power in our every day decisions of how we treat our friends, strangers, and neighbors. There is always some commonality in our human experience. Find it. Sometimes it takes work, but it’s what will make this world a better place. #storyteller #musician #news #currentevents #quinceñera #empowerment #love #fyp".

Quantum corrected black hole microstates and entropy
Dongming He, Juan Hernandez, Maria Knysh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02997 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0…

Quantum corrected black hole microstates and entropy
We extend the semiclassical black hole microstate construction to include quantum corrections to the microscopic entropy using a doubly holographic model of black holes. Specifically, we consider a double-sided black hole on a JT brane with holographic matter, coupled to a pair of holographic CFTs on the asymptotic boundaries. The dimension of the Hilbert space spanned by the microstates of this doubly holographic black hole is given by the exponentiated entropy, which is equal to the sum of th…

Approximation of differential entropy in Bayesian optimal experimental design
Chuntao Chen, Tapio Helin, Nuutti Hyv\"onen, Yuya Suzuki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00734 http…

Approximation of differential entropy in Bayesian optimal experimental design
Bayesian optimal experimental design provides a principled framework for selecting experimental settings that maximize obtained information. In this work, we focus on estimating the expected information gain in the setting where the differential entropy of the likelihood is either independent of the design or can be evaluated explicitly. This reduces the problem to maximum entropy estimation, alleviating several challenges inherent in expected information gain computation. Our study is motiva…

Beyond the Carnot limit: work extraction via an entropy battery
Liam Judd McClelland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08989 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.08989

Beyond the Carnot limit: work extraction via an entropy battery
We explore the consequences of generalized thermodynamics, as interpreted from the perspective of information theory, on an ensemble's capacity to extract energetic work. We demonstrate that by utilizing unitary heat engines of different kinds, we can capitalize on the full entropy capacity of the ensemble across multiple conserved quantities. This leads to the extraction of energetic work with efficiencies surpassing the standard Carnot efficiency limit, all the while running at maximum power.…

Entropy and diffusion characterize mutation accumulation and biological information loss
Stephan Baehr, Hans Baehr
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07265 https://

Entropy and diffusion characterize mutation accumulation and biological information loss
Aging is a universal consequence of life, yet researchers have identified no universal theme. This manuscript considers aging from the perspective of entropy, wherein things fall apart. We first examine biological information change as a mutational distance, analogous to physical distance. In this model, informational change over time is fitted to an advection-diffusion equation, a normal distribution with a time component. The solution of the advection-diffusion equation provides a means of me…

Explore Briefly, Then Decide: Mitigating LLM Overthinking via Cumulative Entropy Regulation
Tianyi Jiang, Yi Bin, Yujuan Ding, Kainian Zhu, Fei Ma, Jingkuan Song, Heng Tao Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02249

Explore Briefly, Then Decide: Mitigating LLM Overthinking via Cumulative Entropy Regulation
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities on complex problems using long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, they often suffer from overthinking, meaning generating unnecessarily lengthy reasoning steps for simpler problems. This issue may degrade the efficiency of the models and make them difficult to adapt the reasoning depth to the complexity of problems. To address this, we introduce a novel metric Token Entropy Cumulative Average (TECA), which mea…

Classical Algebraic Geometry and Discrete Integrable Systems
Gessica Alecci, Michele Graffeo, Alexander Stokes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12647 https://arx…

Classical Algebraic Geometry and Discrete Integrable Systems
The aim of these notes is to present an accessible overview of some topics in classical algebraic geometry which have applications to aspects of discrete integrable systems. Precisely, we focus on surface theory on the algebraic geometry side, which is applied to differential and discrete Painlevé equations on the integrable systems side. Along the way we also discuss the theory of resolution of indeterminacies, which is applied to the cohomological computation of algebraic entropy of biration…

Asymptotically compatible entropy-consistent discretization for a class of nonlocal conservation laws
Nicola De Nitti, Kuang Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00221 https://

Asymptotically compatible entropy-consistent discretization for a class of nonlocal conservation laws
We consider a class of nonlocal conservation laws modeling traffic flows, given by $ \partial_t ρ_\varepsilon + \partial_x(V(ρ_\varepsilon \ast γ_\varepsilon) ρ_\varepsilon) = 0 $ with a suitable convex kernel $ γ_\varepsilon $, and its Godunov-type numerical discretization. We prove that, as the nonlocal parameter $ \varepsilon $ and mesh size $ h $ tend to zero simultaneously, the discrete approximation $ W_{\varepsilon,h} $ of $ W_\varepsilon := ρ_\varepsilon \ast γ_\varepsilon $ conv…

Mapping gene expression dynamics to developmental phenotypes with information entropy analysis
Ben Ansbacher, Malachy Guzman, Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo, Arjendu K Pattanayak
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04101 …

Mapping gene expression dynamics to developmental phenotypes with information entropy analysis
The development of multicellular organisms entails a deep connection between time-dependent biochemical processes taking place at the subcellular level, and the resulting macroscopic phenotypes that arise in populations of up to trillions of cells. A statistical mechanics of developmental processes would help to understand how microscopic genotypes map onto macroscopic phenotypes, a general goal across biology. Here we follow this approach, hypothesizing that development should be understood as…

Supercondutivity of Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr-Hf high entropy alloy polycrystalline and amorphous thin films
P. Hruska, Z. Janu, J. Cizek, F. Lukac
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22278 https://…

Supercondutivity of Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr-Hf high entropy alloy polycrystalline and amorphous thin films
We studied the superconductivity of high-entropy Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr alloy films affected by structural order. While films deposited from the same target on a substrate with a room temperature are amorphous, and if superconducting, only at temperatures below 1.9 K, films deposited on a substrate with a temperature of 740 $^o$C and 630 $^o$C are superconducting with a critical temperature of 6.61 K and 6.63 K, respectively. The observed effect of structural order on superconductivity can be explained…

From High-Entropy Ceramics (HECs) to Compositionally Complex Ceramics (CCCs) and Beyond
Jian Luo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05629 https://arxiv.org/pdf/251…

From High-Entropy Ceramics (HECs) to Compositionally Complex Ceramics (CCCs) and Beyond
Over the past decade, the field of high-entropy ceramics (HECs) has rapidly expanded to encompass a wide range of oxides, borides, silicides, and other ceramic solid solutions. In 2020, we proposed extending the concept of HECs to compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs), in which non-equimolar compositions and the presence of long- or short-range order reduce entropy while offering new opportunities to tailor and enhance properties, often beyond those of higher-entropy counterparts. Here, funda…

Rethinking Entropy Regularization in Large Reasoning Models
Yuxian Jiang, Yafu Li, Guanxu Chen, Dongrui Liu, Yu Cheng, Jing Shao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25133 https://…

Rethinking Entropy Regularization in Large Reasoning Models
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown great promise in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large reasoning models (LRMs). However, it suffers from a critical issue: entropy collapse and premature convergence. Naive entropy regularization, a common approach for encouraging exploration in the traditional RL literature, fails to address this problem in the context of LRM. Our analysis reveals that this failure stems from the vast action space and long trajectories in LRM…

Factorial cumulants of proton multiplicity near a critical point using maximum entropy freeze-out prescription
Jamie Karthein, Maneesha Pradeep, Krishna Rajagopal, Mikhail Stephanov, Yi Yin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05567

Factorial cumulants of proton multiplicity near a critical point using maximum entropy freeze-out prescription
We present the first application of the maximum-entropy freeze-out prescription to calculate factorial cumulants of proton multiplicities near the conjectured QCD critical point in thermal equilibrium. We map the Gibbs free energy of the 3D Ising model to a parameterized class of possible EoS near QCD critical point. This equilibrium baseline highlights how factorial cumulants isolate critical fluctuations by subtracting trivial self-correlations, setting the stage for future out-of-equilibrium…

Note on Kaniadakis Holographic Dark Energy
A. Sheykhi, A. Asvar, E. Ebrahimi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11569 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11569

Note on Kaniadakis Holographic Dark Energy
It is well-known that any modification to the entropy expression not only change the energy density of the holographic dark energy, but also modifies the cosmological field equations through thermodynamics-gravity correspondence. Here we revisit the Kaniadakis holographic dark energy (KHDE) in the background of the modified Kaniadakis cosmology by incorporating the effects of Kaniadakis entropy into the Friedmann equations. We choose the Hubble radius, $L=H^{-1}$, as system's IR cutoff and dete…

Global Convergence of Policy Gradient for Entropy Regularized Linear-Quadratic Control with multiplicative noise
Gabriel Diaz, Lucky Li, Wenhao Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02896

Global Convergence of Policy Gradient for Entropy Regularized Linear-Quadratic Control with multiplicative noise
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful framework for sequential decision-making in dynamic environments, particularly when system parameters are unknown. This paper investigates RL-based control for entropy-regularized Linear Quadratic control (LQC) problems with multiplicative noises over an infinite time horizon. First, we adapt the Regularized Policy Gradient (RPG) algorithm to stochastic optimal control settings, proving that despite the non-convexity of the problem, RPG conv…

Fisher information and trajectorial interpretation to the It\^o--Langevin relative entropy dissipation
Jiaming Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01870 https://

Fisher information and trajectorial interpretation to the Itô--Langevin relative entropy dissipation
The dissipation phenomena of relative entropy from an Itô--Langevin dynamical system is a classic topic from stochastic analysis. Relying on the time-reversal of diffusions, a novel trajectorial approach investigates the pathwise behavior of relevant entropy processes, reveals more information from the delicate random structure, and eventually retrieves the known classical results. In essence, this approach provides novel insights and rederives the known results of the Itô--Langevin dynamics,…

Average relative entropy of random states
Lu Wei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21846 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21846

Average relative entropy of random states
Relative entropy serves as a cornerstone concept in quantum information theory. In this work, we study relative entropy of random states from major generic state models of Hilbert-Schmidt and Bures-Hall ensembles. In particular, we derive exact yet explicit formulas of average relative entropy of two independent states of arbitrary dimensions from the same ensemble as well as from two different ensembles. One ingredient in obtaining the results is the observed factorization of ensemble averages…

Entanglement entropy between tangent balls in CFT$_D$
Jiankun Li, Li Song
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01655 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.01655

Entanglement entropy between tangent balls in CFT$_D$
We apply the universal method developed in \cite{Jiang:2025jnk} to compute the entanglement entropy between two tangent balls in CFT$_D$. When taking the radius of one ball to infinity, it gives the entanglement entropy between a ball and its tangent half plane. In two-dimensional case, this configuration is equivalent to the entanglement in boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) between the negative half-axis and an interval ending on the boundary.

Particle momentum spectra, correlations, and maximum entropy principle in high-multiplicity collision events
S. V. Akkelin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01822 https://

Particle momentum spectra, correlations, and maximum entropy principle in high-multiplicity collision events
In this paper, we utilize the maximum entropy prescription to determine a quantum state of a small collision system at the kinetic freeze-out. We derive expressions for multiplicity-selected particle momentum spectra and correlation functions by applying a fixed particle number constraint to this state. The results of our analysis may be useful for interpreting the multiplicity dependence of the particle momentum spectra and correlations in high-multiplicity $pp$ collision events at a fixed LHC…

PEAR: Phase Entropy Aware Reward for Efficient Reasoning
Chen Huang, Wei Lu, Wenxuan Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08026 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0802…

PEAR: Phase Entropy Aware Reward for Efficient Reasoning
Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating detailed chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, these responses are often excessively long, containing redundant reasoning steps that inflate inference cost and reduce usability. Controlling the length of generated reasoning without sacrificing accuracy remains an open challenge. Through a systematic empirical analysis, we reveal a consistent positive correlation between model entr…

Lyapunov exponents, entropy and mixing for DiPerna-Lions flows
Elia Bru\'e, Maria Colombo, Carl Johan Peter Johansson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02921 https://

Lyapunov exponents, entropy and mixing for DiPerna-Lions flows
The main goal of this work is to establish an asymptotic form of Bressan's mixing conjecture. To this end, we develop an ergodic-theoretic framework for incompressible DiPerna-Lions flows. Lyapunov exponents are defined via an Oseledets-type decomposition and related to metric entropy through a version of Ruelle's inequality in this low-regularity setting. These tools yield sharp bounds on asymptotic regularity propagation and mixing rates, leading to our main result.

ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shaping
Shuang Chen, Yue Guo, Yimeng Ye, Shijue Huang, Wenbo Hu, Haoxi Li, Manyuan Zhang, Jiayu Chen, Song Guo, Nanyun Peng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08457

ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shaping
Recent advances in multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) have substantially improved their ability to solve complex textual and visual tasks. However, these models tend to overthink on simple problems, producing unnecessarily lengthy reasoning traces, while under-exploring on challenging ones, leading to missed solutions. To address this imbalance, we propose ARES, a unified open-source framework for adaptive reasoning that dynamically allocates exploration effort based on task difficulty. …

Quantum-Kaniadakis entropy as a measure of quantum correlations through implicit bounds
Narayan S Iyer, Shraddha Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07241 https://

Quantum-Kaniadakis entropy as a measure of quantum correlations through implicit bounds
In the present article, we examine the relationship of negative conditional quantum Kaniadakis entropy ($α-$CQKE) with the fully entangled fraction (FEF) which is a substantial yardstick for quantum information processing protocols including teleportation, and quantum steerability, executed over four vital quantum states with maximally mixed marginals, the 2-qubit Werner state, the 2-qubit Weyl state, the 2-qudit Werner state and the isotropic state. We initiate our analysis in 2$\otimes$2 sys…

Quantile Advantage Estimation for Entropy-Safe Reasoning
Junkang Wu, Kexin Huang, Jiancan Wu, An Zhang, Xiang Wang, Xiangnan He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22611 https://

Quantile Advantage Estimation for Entropy-Safe Reasoning
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) strengthens LLM reasoning, but training often oscillates between {entropy collapse} and {entropy explosion}. We trace both hazards to the mean baseline used in value-free RL (e.g., GRPO and DAPO), which improperly penalizes negative-advantage samples under reward outliers. We propose {Quantile Advantage Estimation} (QAE), replacing the mean with a group-wise K-quantile baseline. QAE induces a response-level, two-regime gate: on hard queries …

ERDE: Entropy-Regularized Distillation for Early-exit
Martial Guidez, Stefan Duffner, Yannick Alpou, Oscar R\"oth, Christophe Garcia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04856 https:…

ERDE: Entropy-Regularized Distillation for Early-exit
Although deep neural networks and in particular Convolutional Neural Networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in image classification with relatively high efficiency, they still exhibit high computational costs, often rendering them impractical for real-time and edge applications. Therefore, a multitude of compression techniques have been developed to reduce these costs while maintaining accuracy. In addition, dynamic architectures have been introduced to modulate the level of co…

Spin Hall effect in the high-resistivity high-entropy alloy AlCrMoW
Jyoti Yadav, Felix Janus, Tiago de Oliveira Schneider, Shalini Sharma, Daniel Schr\"oter, Markus Meinert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09835

Spin Hall effect in the high-resistivity high-entropy alloy AlCrMoW
We study thin films of the high-entropy alloy system Al$_{x}$(CrMoW)$_{1-x}$, grown on Ta seed layers by magnetron co-sputtering. Between $x=0.2$ and $x=0.6$, a resistivity larger than 100$μΩ$cm is achieved, with a peak of 180$μΩ$cm at $x=0.5$. Around the stoichiometric composition AlCrMoW, the alloy forms a bcc solid solution. The harmonic Hall method was used to characterize the spin Hall angle of the alloy series, where a maximum spin Hall angle of $θ= -0.12 \pm 0.01$ is observed for $x…

Limits of equilibrium states for coupled weakly interacting systems. Application to the measure of maximal entropy
Renaud Leplaideur (LMBA, ISEA)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07846

Limits of equilibrium states for coupled weakly interacting systems. Application to the measure of maximal entropy
We study metastability for symbolic dynamic. We prove that for a global system given by two independent sub-systems linked by a hole, and for a Lipschitz continuous potential, the global equilibrium state converges, as the hole shrinks, to a convex combination of the two independent equilibria in each component. Two kinds of convergence occur, depending on the assumptions on how long an orbit has to stay in each well. As a by-product, we show that this can be applied to a geometrical system in…

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Metric response of relative entropy: a universal indicator of quantum criticality
Pritam Sarkar, Diptiman Sen, Arnab Sen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22515 https://

Metric response of relative entropy: a universal indicator of quantum criticality
The information-geometric origin of fidelity susceptibility and its utility as a universal probe of quantum criticality in many-body settings have been widely discussed. Here we explore the metric response of quantum relative entropy (QRE), by tracing out all but $n$ adjacent sites from the ground state of spin chains of finite length $N$, as a parameter of the corresponding Hamiltonian is varied. The diagonal component of this metric defines a susceptibility of the QRE that diverges at quantum…

Establishing strong 1-boundedness via non-microstates free entropy techniques
Benjamin Major, Dimitri Shlyakhtenko
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07558 https://

Establishing strong 1-boundedness via non-microstates free entropy techniques
We show that, for many choices of finite tuples of generators $X = (x_1, \dots , x_d)$ of a tracial von Neumann algebra $(M, τ)$ satisfying certain decomposition properties (non-primeness, possessing a Cartan subalgebra, or property $Γ$), one can find a diffuse, hyperfinite subalgebra $N \subseteq (W^*(X))^ω$ (often in $W^*(X)$ itself), such that $W^*(N,X+\sqrt{t}S) = W^*(N,X,S)$ for all $t > 0$. (Here $S$ is a free semicircular family, free from $\{X\} \cup N$). This gives a short non-micro…

Exploring the Spectral Edge in SYK Models
Bowen Ouyang, Pratik Rath
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07804 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07804

Exploring the Spectral Edge in SYK Models
Previous work on Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity has shown that, at low temperatures, the annealed entropy becomes negative and departs from the quenched entropy. From the perspective of the random-matrix theory (RMT) dual of JT gravity, this effect is encoded in the level spacing statistics of the spectral edge that is universally described by the Airy model. At low temperature, the quenched entropy exhibits a power law dependence determined by the symmetry class of the RMT ensemble. Here we st…

Mutual entropy and thermal area law in C*-algebraic quantum lattice systems
Hajime Moriya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05823 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.05823…

Mutual entropy and thermal area law in C*-algebraic quantum lattice systems
We present a general definition of quantum mutual entropy for infinitely extended quantum spin and fermion lattice systems. Using this, we establish a thermal area law in these infinitely extended quantum systems. The proof is based on the local thermodynamical stability (LTS), a variational principle in terms of the conditional free energy. Our thermal area law in quasi-local C*-systems applies to general interactions with well-defined surface energies. We also examine the quantum mutual entro…

Resolution of the Borel-Kolmogorov Paradox via the Maximum Entropy Principle
Rapha\"el Tr\'esor, Mykola Lukashchuk
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24735 https://

Resolution of the Borel-Kolmogorov Paradox via the Maximum Entropy Principle
This paper presents a rigorous resolution of the Borel-Kolmogorov paradox using the Maximum Entropy Principle. We construct a metric-based framework for Bayesian inference that uniquely extends conditional probability to events of null measure. The results unify classical Bayes' rules and provide a robust foundation for Bayesian inference in metric spaces.

Thermodynamic Performance Limits for Score-Based Diffusion Models
Nathan X. Kodama, Michael Hinczewski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06174 https://arxiv.org/p…

Thermodynamic Performance Limits for Score-Based Diffusion Models
We establish a fundamental connection between score-based diffusion models and non-equilibrium thermodynamics by deriving performance limits based on entropy rates. Our main theoretical contribution is a lower bound on the negative log-likelihood of the data that relates model performance to entropy rates of diffusion processes. We numerically validate this bound on a synthetic dataset and investigate its tightness. By building a bridge to entropy rates - system, intrinsic, and exchange entropy…

Probing quantum advantage for solving the Fermi-Hubbard model with entropy benchmarking
Pauline Besserve, Ra\'ul Garc\'ia-Patr\'on
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00930 h…

Probing quantum advantage for solving the Fermi-Hubbard model with entropy benchmarking
We developed a practical quantum advantage benchmarking framework that connects the accumulation of entropy in a quantum processing unit and the degradation of the solution to a target optimization problem. The benchmark is based on approximating from below the Gibbs states boundary in the energy-entropy space for the application of interest. We believe the proposed benchmarking technique creates a powerful bridge between hardware benchmarking and application benchmarking, while remaining hardw…

Gravitational entropy of fluids with energy flux
Roberto A. Sussman, Sebasti\'an N\'ajera, Fernando A. Piza\~na, Juan Carlos Hidalgo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25007 htt…

Gravitational entropy of fluids with energy flux
We examine gravitational entropy growth within the formalism of Clifton, Ellis and Tavakol (CET) applied to a class of spherically symmetric exact solutions whose source is a shear-free fluid with energy flux in a comoving frame. By considering these solutions as potential cosmological models, we update previous literature that considered them only as restricted toy models of radiating spheres collapsing in a Vaidya background. In the present paper we examine the integrability of the CET entrop…

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
Pavel Sou\v{c}ek, Stanislava Debn\'arov\'a, \v{S}\'arka Zuzjakov\'a, Shuyao Lin, Matej Fekete, Zsolt Czig\'any, Katalin Bal\'azsi, Luk\'a\v{s} Vr\'ana, Tatiana Pito\v{n}\'akov\'a, Ond\v{r}ej Ja\v{s}ek, Petr Zeman, Nikola Koutn\'a

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system were studied using ab initio calculations and experiments to clarify the role of entropy and individual elements in phase stability, microstructure, and high-temperature behaviour. Formation energy calculations indicated that nitrogen vacancies stabilise the cubic (fcc) phase, with hafnium and tantalum acting as strong stabilisers, while tungsten destabilises the lattice. Coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sput…

An analytic approach for holographic entanglement entropy at (quantum) criticality
Parul Jain, Matti J\"arvinen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25360 https://

An analytic approach for holographic entanglement entropy at (quantum) criticality
We consider holographic entanglement entropy in AdS black hole backgrounds by using the limit of large number of dimensions. By dividing the geometry to two patches (with one patch covering the vicinity of the black hole horizon and another covering the other regions), we are able to obtain fully analytic expressions for the entropy when the entanglement region is a strip. We argue that apart from conformal field theories at finite temperature in high number of dimensions, our method works for …

Rule Encoding and Compliance in Large Language Models: An Information-Theoretic Analysis
Joachim Diederich
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05106 https://arxiv.o…

Rule Encoding and Compliance in Large Language Models: An Information-Theoretic Analysis
The design of safety-critical agents based on large language models (LLMs) requires more than simple prompt engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive information-theoretic analysis of how rule encodings in system prompts influence attention mechanisms and compliance behaviour. We demonstrate that rule formats with low syntactic entropy and highly concentrated anchors reduce attention entropy and improve pointer fidelity, but reveal a fundamental trade-off between anchor redundancy and at…

Structure-preserving finite-element approximations of the magnetic Euler-Poisson equations
Jordan Hoffart, Matthias Maier, John N. Shadid, Ignacio Tomas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11808

Structure-preserving finite-element approximations of the magnetic Euler-Poisson equations
We develop a structure-preserving numerical discretization for the electrostatic Euler-Poisson equations with a constant magnetic field. The scheme preserves positivity of the density, positivity of the internal energy and a minimum principle of the specific entropy, as well as global properties, such as total energy balance. The scheme uses an operator splitting approach composed of two subsystems: the compressible Euler equations of gas dynamics and a source system. The source system couples …

Entropy rates in the dimension theory of self-similar measures
P\'eter P. Varj\'u
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22042 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.22042…

Entropy rates in the dimension theory of self-similar measures
This is a survey paper on the dimension theory of self-similar measures focusing on the role of entropy rates.

Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward
Guanhua Huang, Tingqiang Xu, Mingze Wang, Qi Yi, Xue Gong, Siheng Li, Ruibin Xiong, Kejiao Li, Yuhao Jiang, Bo Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03222

Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has propelled Large Language Models in complex reasoning, yet its scalability is often hindered by a training bottleneck where performance plateaus as policy entropy collapses, signaling a loss of exploration. Previous methods typically address this by maintaining high policy entropy, yet the precise mechanisms that govern meaningful exploration have remained underexplored. Our analysis suggests that an unselective focus on entropy risks amp…

Constraint Satisfaction Approaches to Wordle: Novel Heuristics and Cross-Lexicon Validation
Jahidul Arafat, Fariha Tasmin, Sanjaya Poudel, Kamrujjaman, Eftakhar Ahmed Arnob, Ahsan Habib Tareq
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02855

Constraint Satisfaction Approaches to Wordle: Novel Heuristics and Cross-Lexicon Validation
Wordle presents an algorithmically rich testbed for constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) solving. While existing solvers rely on information-theoretic entropy maximization or frequency-based heuristics without formal constraint treatment, we present the first comprehensive CSP formulation of Wordle with novel constraint-aware solving strategies. We introduce CSP-Aware Entropy, computing information gain after constraint propagation rather than on raw candidate sets, and a Probabilistic CSP fra…

Modified cosmology through generalized mass-to-horizon entropy: implications for structure growth and primordial gravitational waves
Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00673

Modified cosmology through generalized mass-to-horizon entropy: implications for structure growth and primordial gravitational waves
In the framework of entropic cosmology, entropic forces arising at the cosmological horizon have been proposed as an alternative mechanism to explain the Universe's current accelerated phase. However, recent studies have shown that, under the Clausius relation and assuming a linear mass-to-horizon (MHR) relation, all entropic force models reduce to the original Bekenstein-Hawking formulation, regardless of the specific form of the horizon entropy. As a result, they inherit the same observationa…

Quantum Relative Entropy Decay Composition Yields Shallow, Unstructured k-Designs
Nicholas Laracuente
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08537 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Quantum Relative Entropy Decay Composition Yields Shallow, Unstructured k-Designs
A major line of questions in quantum information and computing asks how quickly locally random circuits converge to resemble global randomness. In particular, approximate k-designs are random unitary ensembles that resemble random circuits up to their first k moments. It was recently shown that on n qudits, random circuits with slightly structured architectures converge to k-designs in depth O(log n), even on one-dimensional connectivity. It has however remained open whether the same shallow de…

Black Hole Entropy from String Entanglement
Soichiro Mori, Tadakatsu Sakai, Masaki Shigemori
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21796 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21…

Black Hole Entropy from String Entanglement
We discuss the notion of string entanglement in string theory, which aims to study entanglement between worldsheet Hilbert spaces rather than entanglement between spacetime Hilbert spaces defined on a time slice in spacetime. Applying this framework to the FZZ duality and its extension to a three-dimensional black hole, we argue that the thermal entropy of 2d and 3d black holes is accounted for by the string entanglement entropy between folded strings arising in the dual sine-Liouville CFT. We …

Replaced article(s) found for cs.CV. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.CV/new
[5/8]:
- Context Guided Transformer Entropy Modeling for Video Compression
Junlong Tong, Wei Zhang, Yaohui Jin, Xiaoyu Shen

EPO: Entropy-regularized Policy Optimization for LLM Agents Reinforcement Learning
Xu Wujiang, Wentian Zhao, Zhenting Wang, Li Yu-Jhe, Jin Can, Jin Mingyu, Mei Kai, Wan Kun, Metaxas Dimitris
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22576

EPO: Entropy-regularized Policy Optimization for LLM Agents Reinforcement Learning
Training LLM agents in multi-turn environments with sparse rewards, where completing a single task requires 30+ turns of interaction within an episode, presents a fundamental challenge for reinforcement learning. We identify a critical failure mode unique to this setting: the exploration-exploitation cascade failure. This cascade begins with early-stage policy premature convergence, where sparse feedback causes agents to commit to flawed, low-entropy strategies. Subsequently, agents enter late-…

Investigating into mechanisms of high temperature strength of refractory high-entropy alloys
Sai Anandhi Seetharaman, Soumyadipta Maiti, Ambesh Gupta, Beena Rai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04589

Investigating into mechanisms of high temperature strength of refractory high-entropy alloys
The yield strength plateau of two BCC refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) - MoNbTaVW and MoNbTaW was examined through hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics (MC/MD) simulations. By analyzing atomic diffusivities derived from vacancy formation and migration energies around the edge dislocation cores, the number of critical atomic swaps were calculated at different temperatures. Using hybrid MC/MD simulations of these critical swaps, we demonstrate that above 1400K, the stress required to m…

Safety Instincts: LLMs Learn to Trust Their Internal Compass for Self-Defense
Guobin Shen, Dongcheng Zhao, Haibo Tong, Jindong Li, Feifei Zhao, Yi Zeng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01088

Safety Instincts: LLMs Learn to Trust Their Internal Compass for Self-Defense
Ensuring Large Language Model (LLM) safety remains challenging due to the absence of universal standards and reliable content validators, making it difficult to obtain effective training signals. We discover that aligned models already possess robust internal safety beliefs: they consistently produce high-confidence refusals to harmful requests while exhibiting high entropy when generating potentially dangerous content. This entropy gap reveals an untapped signal--models intrinsically "know" wh…

Thermodynamics of BTZ Black Holes in Bumblebee Gravity with Barrow Entropy with Cavity-Modification
H. Kaur, Prince A Ganai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22129 https://

Thermodynamics of BTZ Black Holes in Bumblebee Gravity with Barrow Entropy with Cavity-Modification
We investigate the thermodynamics of $(2+1)$ dimensional BTZ black holes in the Einstein bumblebee gravity theory with spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry caused by a nonzero vacuum expectation value of the vector field. We analyse corrections to black hole thermodynamics, including the non extensive Barrow entropy, parametrising quantum gravitational corrections to the Bekenstein Hawking area law. We introduce the York cavity formalism by placing the black hole in a finite isothermal cavi…

Crosslisted article(s) found for cs.CL. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.CL/new
[2/3]:
- Rediscovering Entropy Regularization: Adaptive Coefficient Unlocks Its Potential for LLM Reinforc...
Xiaoyun Zhang, Xiaojian Yuan, Di Huang, Wang You, Chen Hu, Jingqing Ruan, Kejiang Chen, Xing Hu

On Information Transfer and Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical Systems
Subhrajit Sinha, Parvathi Kooloth
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03572 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

On Information Transfer and Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical Systems
In this work, we propose a novel approach to investigate symmetry breaking in dynamical systems. In particular, we use the notion of information transfer, which provides a measure of the entropy transfer between any pair of observables in a system, to predict symmetry breaking. We show that as a system loses symmetry, its trajectories \emph{slow down} and its Shannon entropy increases. This connection enables us to use information transfer to predict the onset of symmetry breaking. Furthermore,…

Unraveling the role of disorder in the electronic structure of high entropy alloys
Neeraj Bhatt, Deepali Sharma, Asif Ali, Kapil Motla, Sonika Jangid, Ravi Prakash Singh, Ravi Shankar Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22809

Unraveling the role of disorder in the electronic structure of high entropy alloys
Disorder in high entropy alloys, arising from the random distribution of multiple elements, plays a crucial role in their novel properties desirable for various advanced engineering applications. We investigate the role of compositional and structural disorder on the electronic structure of osmium-based superconducting high entropy alloys, (Ru/Re)$_{0.35}$Os$_{0.35}$Mo$_{0.10}$W$_{0.10}$Zr$_{0.10}$, using photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). Elemental and cumulative c…

Black Hole Entropy and Complexity Growth in Horndeski Gravity within the AdS/BCFT Framework
Fabiano F. Santos, Behnam Pourhassan, Emmanuel N. Saridakis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23430

Black Hole Entropy and Complexity Growth in Horndeski Gravity within the AdS/BCFT Framework
This work investigates the connection between quantum complexity and gravitational dynamics within the framework of Horndeski gravity, extending the AdS/BCFT correspondence to include scalar-tensor interactions. By refining the ``\(complexity = action\)'' conjecture we investigate how Horndeski gravity modifies the Wheeler-DeWitt patch and the causal structure of the black hole. Our analysis reveals that the linear growth of complexity, proportional to the product of black hole entropy and temp…

Safety Instincts: LLMs Learn to Trust Their Internal Compass for Self-Defense
Guobin Shen, Dongcheng Zhao, Haibo Tong, Jindong Li, Feifei Zhao, Yi Zeng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01088

Safety Instincts: LLMs Learn to Trust Their Internal Compass for Self-Defense
Ensuring Large Language Model (LLM) safety remains challenging due to the absence of universal standards and reliable content validators, making it difficult to obtain effective training signals. We discover that aligned models already possess robust internal safety beliefs: they consistently produce high-confidence refusals to harmful requests while exhibiting high entropy when generating potentially dangerous content. This entropy gap reveals an untapped signal--models intrinsically "know" wh…

Entropy After $\langle \texttt{/Think} \rangle$ for reasoning model early exiting
Xi Wang, James McInerney, Lequn Wang, Nathan Kallus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26522 https://…

Entropy After $\langle \texttt{/Think} \rangle$ for reasoning model early exiting
Large reasoning models show improved performance with longer chains of thought. However, recent work has highlighted (qualitatively) their tendency to overthink, continuing to revise answers even after reaching the correct solution. We quantitatively confirm this inefficiency by tracking Pass@1 for answers averaged over a large number of rollouts and find that the model often begins to always produce the correct answer early in the reasoning, making extra reasoning a waste of tokens. To detect …

Tripartite entanglement in the HaPPY code is not holographic
Sriram Akella
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08520 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.08520

Tripartite entanglement in the HaPPY code is not holographic
Holographic states satisfy several entropic inequalities owing to the Ryu-Takayangi formula. A drawback of these inequalities is that they only use bipartite entanglement in their formulation. We investigate a recently proposed "GHZ-forbidding" inequality, built out of the reflected entropy and the tripartite multi-entropy, that holds for holographic states. We show that the inequality is either violated or saturated, but never strictly satisfied, by stabilizer states, thereby showing that stab…

Thermodynamics of quantum processes: An operational framework for free energy and reversible athermality
Himanshu Badhani, Dhanuja G S, Siddhartha Das
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12790

Thermodynamics of quantum processes: An operational framework for free energy and reversible athermality
We explore the thermodynamics of quantum processes (quantum channels) by axiomatically introducing the free energy for channels, defined via the quantum relative entropy with an absolutely thermal channel whose fixed output is in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir. This definition finds strong support through its operational interpretations in designated quantum information and thermodynamic tasks. We construct a resource theory of athermality for quantum processes, where free operations are …

Microstructure and phase stability within the AlMoNbTiZr system: design tools and compositional boundaries for a high-entropy alloy
Mariano Casas-Luna, Dalibor Preisler, Ji\v{r}\'i Kozl\'ik, Josef Str\'ask\'y
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08417

Microstructure and phase stability within the AlMoNbTiZr system: design tools and compositional boundaries for a high-entropy alloy
This study explores Ti-containing complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) within the AlMoNbTiZr system, focusing on compositions located in regions of the Bo-Md diagram characterized by low bond order (Bo) and d-orbital energy level (Md). Four alloys were designed near the line predicting stress-induced martensite formation in conventional Ti alloys, then cast, annealed at 1200°C, and water quenched. Their microstructures and phases were analyzed and compared against phase prediction tools commonly…

Information paradox and island of covariant black holes in LQG
Yongbin Du, Jia-Rui Sun, Xiangdong Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11921 https://arxiv.org/…

Information paradox and island of covariant black holes in LQG
We study information paradox of four dimensional covariant black holes inspired by loop quantum gravity (LQG) with two well motivated solutions. We first prepare the spacetime in the Hartle-Hawking state, compute the radiation entropy and recover a linear growth at late time. When considering the mass loss and incorporating greybody factors, we show that for Solution~1 the LQG parameter $ζ$ leaves temperature and Planckian factor of the spectrum unchanged but enhances the near-horizon barrier,…

Reinforced sequential Monte Carlo for amortised sampling
Sanghyeok Choi, Sarthak Mittal, V\'ictor Elvira, Jinkyoo Park, Nikolay Malkin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11711 https…

Reinforced sequential Monte Carlo for amortised sampling
This paper proposes a synergy of amortised and particle-based methods for sampling from distributions defined by unnormalised density functions. We state a connection between sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) and neural sequential samplers trained by maximum-entropy reinforcement learning (MaxEnt RL), wherein learnt sampling policies and value functions define proposal kernels and twist functions. Exploiting this connection, we introduce an off-policy RL training procedure for the sampler that uses …

Black hole thermodynamics is around the corner
Gerui Chen, Wei Guo, Xin Lan, Hongbao Zhang, Wei Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04499 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Black hole thermodynamics is around the corner
We propose to work on the Euclidean black hole solution with a corner rather than with the prevalent conical singularity. As a result, we find that the Wald formula for black hole entropy can be readily obtained for generic F(Rabcd) gravity by using both the action without the corner term and the action with the corner term due to their equivalence to the first order variation, which implies that it is the corner rather than the corner term that encodes the entropy related information. With suc…

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
Minju Gwak, Guijin Son, Jaehyung Kim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06953 https://

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
The Uniform Information Density (UID) hypothesis suggests that effective communication maintains a stable flow of information. In this work, we revisit this principle in the context of large language model (LLM) reasoning traces, asking whether step-level uniformity reflects reasoning quality. To this end, we propose an entropy-based stepwise information density metric and introduce two complementary measures of uniformity, local and global uniformity scores. Across the experiments on six diffe…

Aspects of holographic complexity and volume of the black holes
Suraj Maurya, Sashideep Gutti, Rahul Nigam, Swastik Bhattacharya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11833 https://…

Aspects of holographic complexity and volume of the black holes
In this article, we study the complexity growth rate for Banados Teitlboim Zanelli, Schwarzschild, Reissner Nordstrom, and Kerr black holes using complexity-volume (CV) and complexity-action (CA) dualities and verify that it is proportional to the product of the horizon temperature and entropy of the black holes as conjectured by Susskind. Furthermore, we explore the variation in the complexity growth rate $δ\dot{\mathcal{C}}$ under various physical processes, including the Penrose process, su…

QeRL: Beyond Efficiency -- Quantization-enhanced Reinforcement Learning for LLMs
Wei Huang, Yi Ge, Shuai Yang, Yicheng Xiao, Huizi Mao, Yujun Lin, Hanrong Ye, Sifei Liu, Ka Chun Cheung, Hongxu Yin, Yao Lu, Xiaojuan Qi, Song Han, Yukang Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11696

QeRL: Beyond Efficiency -- Quantization-enhanced Reinforcement Learning for LLMs
We propose QeRL, a Quantization-enhanced Reinforcement Learning framework for large language models (LLMs). While RL is essential for LLMs' reasoning capabilities, it is resource-intensive, requiring substantial GPU memory and long rollout durations. QeRL addresses these issues by combining NVFP4 quantization with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), accelerating rollout phase of RL while reducing memory overhead. Beyond efficiency, our findings show that quantization noise increases policy entropy, enh…

Learn the Ropes, Then Trust the Wins: Self-imitation with Progressive Exploration for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
Yulei Qin, Xiaoyu Tan, Zhengbao He, Gang Li, Haojia Lin, Zongyi Li, Zihan Xu, Yuchen Shi, Siqi Cai, Renting Rui, Shaofei Cai, Yuzheng Cai, Xuan Zhang, Sheng Ye, Ke Li, Xing Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22601

Learn the Ropes, Then Trust the Wins: Self-imitation with Progressive Exploration for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is the dominant paradigm for sharpening strategic tool use capabilities of LLMs on long-horizon, sparsely-rewarded agent tasks, yet it faces a fundamental challenge of exploration-exploitation trade-off. Existing studies stimulate exploration through the lens of policy entropy, but such mechanical entropy maximization is prone to RL training instability due to the multi-turn distribution shifting. In this paper, we target the progressive exploration-exploitation bala…

Probing the bubble interior with entanglement entropy and bulk-cone singularities
Roberto Auzzi, Stefano Baiguera, Lihan Guo, Giuseppe Nardelli, Nicol\`o Zenoni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21632

Probing the bubble interior with entanglement entropy and bulk-cone singularities
In the thin wall approximation, we study a class of asymptotically AdS black holes which contain a spherically symmetric vacuum bubble with a different (positive or negative) cosmological constant. Collapsing, expanding, and static bubble solutions are considered. Among these, expanding bubbles with positive cosmological constant can provide a way to apply the AdS/CFT correspondence to describe the physics of an expanding universe. We systematically study the causal structure of the solutions a…