Tootfinder

An entropy formula for the Deep Linear Network
Govind Menon, Tianmin Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09088 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09088

An entropy formula for the Deep Linear Network
We study the Riemannian geometry of the Deep Linear Network (DLN) as a foundation for a thermodynamic description of the learning process. The main tools are the use of group actions to analyze overparametrization and the use of Riemannian submersion from the space of parameters to the space of observables. The foliation of the balanced manifold in the parameter space by group orbits is used to define and compute a Boltzmann entropy. We also show that the Riemannian geometry on the space of obs…

Non-classifiability of mixing zero-entropy diffeomorphisms up to isomorphism
Marlies Gerber, Philipp Kunde
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09003 https://arxiv.o…

Non-classifiability of mixing zero-entropy diffeomorphisms up to isomorphism
We show that the problem of classifying, up to isomorphism, the collection of zero-entropy mixing automorphisms of a standard non-atomic probability space, is intractible. More precisely, the collection of isomorphic pairs of automorphisms in this class is not Borel, when considered as a subset of the Cartesian product of the collection of measure-preserving automorphisms with itself. This remains true if we restrict to zero-entropy mixing automorphisms that are also $C^{\infty}$ diffeomorphism…

Impact of rotation on the accretion of entropy perturbations in collapsing massive stars
Olzhas Mukazhanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09419 https://arxiv.o…

Impact of rotation on the accretion of entropy perturbations in collapsing massive stars
Convection in the innermost shells of massive stars plays an important role in initiating core-collapse supernovae. When these convective motions reach the supernova shock, they create extra turbulence, which helps energize the explosion. In our earlier work, we studied the effect of rotation on the hydrodynamic evolution of convective vortices in collapsing stars. This study focuses on how rotation influences the entropy perturbations, which naturally form in turbulent convection. As these per…

Quantile-based Fractional Generalized Cumulative Past Entropy
Poulami Paul, Chanchal Kundu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09182 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.0918…

Quantile-based Fractional Generalized Cumulative Past Entropy
Uncertainty in past lifetime distributions and the timing of inactivity in systems and their components can be effectively measured using the fractional generalized cumulative past entropy (FGCPE) and its dynamic extension (DFGCPE), introduced by Di Crescenzo et al. (2021). Building on this framework, we propose a quantile-based variant, the quantile fractional generalized cumulative past entropy (QFGCPE), along with its dynamic time-dependent counterpart (DQFGCPE). Closed-form expressions of t…

On R\'enyi Microstructural Aspects of Asymptotically Flat Charged Black Holes: A Novel Duality
F. Barzi, H. El Moumni, K. Masmar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07357 https://

On Rényi Microstructural Aspects of Asymptotically Flat Charged Black Holes: A Novel Duality
We explore the microstructure of asymptotically flat charged black holes through the lens of nonextensive Rényi statistics. A modified form of the Rényi entropy is proposed to incorporate compressibility effects, and geometrothermodynamics is applied within such a framework. Besides, by quantizing the black hole horizon area, we derive a microscopic description in terms of discrete degrees of freedom, with Rényi entropy providing a nonextensive generalization of the Bekenstein-Hawking entrop…

Entropy-Stable Discontinuous Spectral-Element Methods for the Spherical Shallow Water Equations in Covariant Form
Tristan Montoya, Andr\'es M. Rueda-Ram\'irez, Gregor J. Gassner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08790

Entropy-Stable Discontinuous Spectral-Element Methods for the Spherical Shallow Water Equations in Covariant Form
We introduce discontinuous spectral-element methods of arbitrary order that are well balanced, conservative of mass, and conservative or dissipative of total energy (i.e., a mathematical entropy function) for a covariant flux formulation of the rotating shallow water equations with variable bottom topography on curved manifolds such as the sphere. The proposed methods are based on a skew-symmetric splitting of the tensor divergence in covariant form, which we implement and analyze within a gene…

CSI Compression Beyond Latents: End-to-End Hybrid Attention-CNN Networks with Entropy Regularization
Maryam Ansarifard, Mostafa Rahmani, Mohit K. Sharma, Kishor C. Joshi, George Exarchakos, Alister Burr
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08776

CSI Compression Beyond Latents: End-to-End Hybrid Attention-CNN Networks with Entropy Regularization
Massive MIMO systems rely on accurate Channel State Information (CSI) feedback to enable high-gain beam- forming. However, the feedback overhead scales linearly with the number of antennas, presenting a major bottleneck. While recent deep learning methods have improved CSI compres- sion, most overlook the impact of quantization and entropy coding, limiting their practical deployability. In this work, we propose an end-to-end CSI compression framework that inte- grates a Spatial Correlation-Guid…

Entropy and polynomial entropy of derived autoequivalences of derived discrete algebras
Tomasz Ciborski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05794 https://arxiv.org/…

Entropy and polynomial entropy of derived autoequivalences of derived discrete algebras
The aim of this paper is to calculate entropy in the sense of Dimitrov-Haiden-Katzarkov-Kontsevich and polynomial entropy as defined by Fan-Fu-Ouchi of derived autoequivalences of derived discrete algebras over an algebraically closed field.

Quantum Inspired Legal Tech Environmental Integration for Emergency Pharmaceutical Logistics with Entropy Modulated Collapse and Multilevel Governance
Ruicheng Li, Jingxu Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08286

Quantum Inspired Legal Tech Environmental Integration for Emergency Pharmaceutical Logistics with Entropy Modulated Collapse and Multilevel Governance
Emergency pharmaceutical logistics during rapid-onset disasters must balance timeliness, legal compliance, and environmental uncertainty. We present a hybrid framework that co-designs quantum-inspired decision dynamics, embedded legal constraints, and blockchain-verified environmental feedback. Candidate routes are modeled as a superposed state whose collapse is governed by entropy modulation-delaying commitment under ambiguity and accelerating resolution when coherent signals emerge. Legal sta…

Estimating classical mutual information between quantum subsystems with neural networks
D. A. Konyshev, V. V. Mazurenko
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07652 https://

Estimating classical mutual information between quantum subsystems with neural networks
Characterizing correlations in a quantum system on the basis of the results of the projective measurements can be performed with different means including the calculation of the classical mutual information. Generally, estimating such information-entropy-based quantities requires having complete statistics of the system's states. Here we explore the possibility to reconstruct the classical mutual information and specific entropy of a quantum system with neural network approach on the basis of l…

Efficient Reward Identification In Max Entropy Reinforcement Learning with Sparsity and Rank Priors
Mohamad Louai Shehab, Alperen Tercan, Necmiye Ozay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07400

Efficient Reward Identification In Max Entropy Reinforcement Learning with Sparsity and Rank Priors
In this paper, we consider the problem of recovering time-varying reward functions from either optimal policies or demonstrations coming from a max entropy reinforcement learning problem. This problem is highly ill-posed without additional assumptions on the underlying rewards. However, in many applications, the rewards are indeed parsimonious, and some prior information is available. We consider two such priors on the rewards: 1) rewards are mostly constant and they change infrequently, 2) rew…

An expanded evaluation matrix for the entropy-weight TODIM method to reduce the rank reversal probability and its application in selecting energy storage technology
Lisheng Jiang, Tianyu Zhang, Shiyu Yan, Ran Fang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08236

An expanded evaluation matrix for the entropy-weight TODIM method to reduce the rank reversal probability and its application in selecting energy storage technology
The TODIM method (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multiple criteria decision-making) with entropy weights is influenced by rank reversal, a phenomenon where the order of two alternatives changes following the addition of another alternative. Research on rank reversal has predominantly focused on single decision-making methods. To the best of our knowledge, the reduction of rank reversal probability in hybrid methods, such as the entropy-weight TODIM method, remains an unresolved ch…

Magic Entropy in Hybrid Spin-Boson Systems
Samuel Crew, Ying-Lin Li, Heng-Hsi Li, Po-Yao Chang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06018 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.…

Magic Entropy in Hybrid Spin-Boson Systems
We introduce entropic measures to quantify non-classical resource in hybrid spin-boson systems. We discuss the stabilizer Rényi entropy in the framework of phase space quantisation and define an analogous hybrid magic entropy and a mutual magic entropy that capture the distribution of quantum magic across spin and bosonic subsystems. We use these entropic measures to demonstrate two key phenomena: the detection of the superradiant phase transition in the Dicke model and the dynamics of magic i…

Comprehensive Mapping of Tracer Diffusivities Across Composition Space in Ternary NiAlTi and Quinary NiCoFeAlTi High-Entropy Alloy Using Diffusion Couple Experiments and Physics Informed Neural Network Inversion
Ismail Kamil Worke, Suman Sadhu, Saswata Bhattacharyya, Aloke Paul
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09486

Comprehensive Mapping of Tracer Diffusivities Across Composition Space in Ternary NiAlTi and Quinary NiCoFeAlTi High-Entropy Alloy Using Diffusion Couple Experiments and Physics Informed Neural Network Inversion
A comprehensive experimental and physics informed neural network numerical inverse diffusion analysis is conducted in technologically important NiAlTi ternary and NiCoFeAlTi quinary solid solutions for estimating and extracting composition dependent diffusion coefficients. A systematic variation of tracer, intrinsic and interdiffusion coefficients with composition could be estimated in the ternary solid solution. Following, the possibility of producing Al Ti constant PB diffusion profiles keepi…

Wrangling Entropy: Next-Generation Multi-Factor Key Derivation, Credential Hashing, and Credential Generation Functions
Colin Roberts, Vivek Nair, Dawn Song
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05893

Wrangling Entropy: Next-Generation Multi-Factor Key Derivation, Credential Hashing, and Credential Generation Functions
The Multi-Factor Key Derivation Function (MFKDF) offered a novel solution to the classic problem of usable client-side key management by incorporating multiple popular authentication factors into a key derivation process, but was later shown to be vulnerable to cryptanalysis that degraded its security over multiple invocations. In this paper, we present the Entropy State Transition Modeling Framework (ESTMF), a novel cryptanalytic technique designed to reveal pernicious leaks of entropy across …

PEAR: Phase Entropy Aware Reward for Efficient Reasoning
Chen Huang, Wei Lu, Wenxuan Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08026 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0802…

PEAR: Phase Entropy Aware Reward for Efficient Reasoning
Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating detailed chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, these responses are often excessively long, containing redundant reasoning steps that inflate inference cost and reduce usability. Controlling the length of generated reasoning without sacrificing accuracy remains an open challenge. Through a systematic empirical analysis, we reveal a consistent positive correlation between model entr…

Hierarchy Entropy Degeneration Explains the Rat Utopia Population Collapse: The Role of Full Visibility and Isolation
Alexander V. Mantzaris
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08587 htt…

Hierarchy Entropy Degeneration Explains the Rat Utopia Population Collapse: The Role of Full Visibility and Isolation
Calhoun's Rat Utopia experiments demonstrated a puzzling population trajectory: initial growth, plateau, and eventually a total collapse of the rat population despite abundant resources. This paper proposes a hypothesis that the enclosure's design enabled full visibility of the social hierarchy (pecking order), leading to entropy degeneration: progressive loss of uncertainty in rats' perceived ranks over generations. High initial uncertainty drives engagement in dominance, reproduction, and car…

Entropy and multiplicity of hadrons in the high energy limit within dipole cascade models
Krzysztof Kutak, S\'andor L\"ok\"os
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07898 http…

Entropy and multiplicity of hadrons in the high energy limit within dipole cascade models
We investigate and compare QCD dipole cascade models, the 1D Mueller dipole model, its high energy limit and its generalization that follows from studies of 1D systems with conformal symmetry. To address the ambiguity stemming from different definitions of the rapidity ranges in experimental measurements, we propose the entropy as the function of the logarithm of the average multiplicity, $S(\ln\langle n \rangle)$, as a universal observable. From the solutions of the models, we calculate both t…

ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shaping
Shuang Chen, Yue Guo, Yimeng Ye, Shijue Huang, Wenbo Hu, Haoxi Li, Manyuan Zhang, Jiayu Chen, Song Guo, Nanyun Peng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08457

ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shaping
Recent advances in multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) have substantially improved their ability to solve complex textual and visual tasks. However, these models tend to overthink on simple problems, producing unnecessarily lengthy reasoning traces, while under-exploring on challenging ones, leading to missed solutions. To address this imbalance, we propose ARES, a unified open-source framework for adaptive reasoning that dynamically allocates exploration effort based on task difficulty. …

A hierarchical entropy method for the delocalization of bias in high-dimensional Langevin Monte Carlo
Daniel Lacker, Fuzhong Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08619 https://

A hierarchical entropy method for the delocalization of bias in high-dimensional Langevin Monte Carlo
The unadjusted Langevin algorithm is widely used for sampling from complex high-dimensional distributions. It is well known to be biased, with the bias typically scaling linearly with the dimension when measured in squared Wasserstein distance. However, the recent paper of Chen et al. (2024) identifies an intriguing new delocalization effect: For a class of distributions with sparse interactions, the bias between low-dimensional marginals scales only with the lower dimension, not the full dimen…

Unstable entropy for Anosov diffeomorphisms on the 3-torus
Tristan Humbert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09520 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09520

Unstable entropy for Anosov diffeomorphisms on the 3-torus
For Anosov diffeomorphisms on the $3$-torus which are strongly partially hyperbolic with expanding center, we construct systems of strong unstable and center stable Margulis measures which are holonomy-invariant. This allows us to obtain a characterization of the measures of maximal unstable entropy in terms of their conditional measures along the strong unstable leaves. Moreover, we show that the Margulis systems identify with Pollicott-Ruelle (co)-resonant states for the action on 2-forms. Th…

Entropy Regularizing Activation: Boosting Continuous Control, Large Language Models, and Image Classification with Activation as Entropy Constraints
Zilin Kang, Chonghua Liao, Tingqiang Xu, Huazhe Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08549

Entropy Regularizing Activation: Boosting Continuous Control, Large Language Models, and Image Classification with Activation as Entropy Constraints
We propose ERA, a new paradigm that constrains the sampling entropy above given thresholds by applying specially designed activations to the outputs of models. Our approach demonstrates broad effectiveness across different domains: 1) for large language models(LLMs), boosting the AIME 2025 score for Qwen2.5-Math-7B by 37.4%; 2) for continuous control reinforcement learning agents, improving performance by more than 30% over strong baselines such as SAC on the challenging HumanoidBench; 3) for i…

Mass-to-Horizon Relation and Entropy Beyond the Bekenstein-Hawking Limit
Hussain Gohar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07587 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07587

Mass-to-Horizon Relation and Entropy Beyond the Bekenstein-Hawking Limit
We introduce a generalized mass-horizon relation applicable to cosmological horizons. This formulation provides a unified framework for deriving a broad class of Bekenstein entropy extensions motivated by statistical mechanics, quantum gravity, and phenomenological considerations, through the application of the Clausius relation together with the Hawking temperature. We further introduce this notion as a foundational framework for constructing generalized entropy forms that remain consistent wi…

On the recognition problem for limits of entropy functions
Geva Yashfe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06302 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06302

On the recognition problem for limits of entropy functions
We prove that there is no algorithm to decide whether a given integer vector is in the closure of the entropic cone $\overline{Γ_{n}^{*}}$. Equivalently, there is no decision procedure to determine whether a given integer-valued function $h:\mathcal{P}(\{1,\ldots,n\})\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}$ is a pointwise limit of joint entropy functions. In other words, given such an $h$, it is undecidable whether for all $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists a finite probability space $(Ω,P)$ with random va…

Behaviorally Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Exploration Using Distributed Task Allocation
Nirabhra Mandal, Aamodh Suresh, Carlos Nieto-Granda, Sonia Mart\'inez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08242

Behaviorally Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Exploration Using Distributed Task Allocation
We study a problem of multi-agent exploration with behaviorally heterogeneous robots. Each robot maps its surroundings using SLAM and identifies a set of areas of interest (AoIs) or frontiers that are the most informative to explore next. The robots assess the utility of going to a frontier using Behavioral Entropy (BE) and then determine which frontier to go to via a distributed task assignment scheme. We convert the task assignment problem into a non-cooperative game and use a distributed alg…

Entanglement Entropy and Thermodynamics of Dynamical Black Holes
Weizhen Jia, Qiongyu Qi, Christina Gao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05700 https://arxiv.org/…

Entanglement Entropy and Thermodynamics of Dynamical Black Holes
We explore the thermodynamic and entanglement properties of dynamical black holes based on the recently proposed dynamical black hole entropy by Hollands-Wald-Zhang. We first provide a direct proof that, under first order perturbations, the dynamical black hole entropy in any $f(R)$ theory equals the Wald entropy evaluated on the generalized apparent horizon. Then, we compute the gravitational entanglement entropy explicitly using both the event horizon and the apparent horizon as the entanglin…

Modeling shopper interest broadness with entropy-driven dialogue policy in the context of arbitrarily large product catalogs
Firas Jarboui, Issa Memari
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06185

Modeling shopper interest broadness with entropy-driven dialogue policy in the context of arbitrarily large product catalogs
Conversational recommender systems promise rich interactions for e-commerce, but balancing exploration (clarifying user needs) and exploitation (making recommendations) remains challenging, especially when deploying large language models (LLMs) with vast product catalogs. We address this challenge by modeling the breadth of user interest via the entropy of retrieval score distributions. Our method uses a neural retriever to fetch relevant items for a user query and computes the entropy of the r…

Near optimal quantum algorithm for estimating Shannon entropy
Myeongjin Shin, Kabgyun Jeong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07452 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.074…

Near optimal quantum algorithm for estimating Shannon entropy
We present a near-optimal quantum algorithm, up to logarithmic factors, for estimating the Shannon entropy in the quantum probability oracle model. Our approach combines the singular value separation algorithm with quantum amplitude amplification, followed by the application of quantum singular value transformation. On the lower bound side, we construct probability distributions encoded via Hamming weights in the oracle, establishing a tight query lower bound up to logarithmic factors. Conseque…

On the entropy growth of sums of iid discrete random variables
Riccardo Castellano, Pavel Sekatski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05348 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2…

On the entropy growth of sums of iid discrete random variables
We derive an asymptotic lower bound on the Shannon entropy $H$ of sums of $N$ arbitrary iid discrete random variables. The derived bound $H \geq \frac{r(X)}{2}\log(N) + {\it cst}$ is given in terms of the incommensurability rank $r(X)$ of the random variable -- a positive integer quantity that we introduce. The derivation does not rely on central limit theorems, but builds upon the known expressions of the asymptotic entropy of the multinomial distribution and sums of iid lattice random variabl…

$f$ and $p$ mode oscillation of proto-neutron stars with systematic variation of the nucleon effective mass
Atanu Guha, Debashree Sen, Hana Gil, Hajime Togashi, Chang Ho Hyun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07000

$f$ and $p$ mode oscillation of proto-neutron stars with systematic variation of the nucleon effective mass
We develop equation of state (EoS) of proto-neutron stars (PNSs) at various stages of evolution by varying entropy per baryon $S$, using the Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU density functional model. Under the conditions of finite temperature and density, we systematically investigate the influence of nucleon effective mass on EoS of PNSs, for different values of isoscalar effective mass $μ_S^*$. For high entropy values, we aim to replicate conditions of failed core-collapse supernovae forming black holes…

Thermodynamic Irreversibility in Underdamped Brownian Motion with Spatial Temperature Gradients
Mesfin Taye
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07272 https://arxiv.…

Thermodynamic Irreversibility in Underdamped Brownian Motion with Spatial Temperature Gradients
We analyze underdamped Brownian motion in non-isothermal media with quadratic, linear, and piecewise-constant temperature profiles. Exact identities for entropy production and entropy extraction are derived, addressing whether a vanishing rate implies equilibrium. For a free particle (no external forces or ratchets), the instantaneous entropy production and extraction rates decay to zero at long times despite a spatial temperature gradient. However, their time-integrated values remain finite, d…

Measuring the entropy of a neuron cell from its membrane current signal
Mahmut Akilli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00968 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.00968

Measuring the entropy of a neuron cell from its membrane current signal
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the entropy of a neuron cell can be measured using membrane ion current signals, which were recorded from neurons in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The sample entropy and the Scalogram entropy were used as entropy measurement methods. It is well known that the entropy increases in the direction of the movement of the system towards the equilibrium. Therefore, in the process of the electrical activity of a living cell, the entropy is e…

Harnessing Uncertainty: Entropy-Modulated Policy Gradients for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
Jiawei Wang, Jiacai Liu, Yuqian Fu, Yingru Li, Xintao Wang, Yuan Lin, Yu Yue, Lin Zhang, Yang Wang, Ke Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09265

Harnessing Uncertainty: Entropy-Modulated Policy Gradients for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
In long-horizon tasks, recent agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant challenge that sparse, outcome-based rewards make it difficult to assign credit to intermediate steps. Previous methods mainly focus on creating dense reward signals to guide learning, either through traditional reinforcement learning techniques like inverse reinforcement learning or by using Process Reward Models for step-by-step feedback. In this paper, we identify a fundamental problem in the learni…

Variational formulae for entropy-like functionals for states in von Neumann algebras
Andrzej {\L}uczak, Hanna Pods\k{e}dkowska, Rafa{\l} Wieczorek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07605

Variational formulae for entropy-like functionals for states in von Neumann algebras
The paper presents variational formulae for entropy-like functionals, including Segal and Rényi entropies, for normal states on semifinite von Neumann algebras. The considered functionals are of the form $τ(f(h))$ where $τ$ is a normal faithful semifinite trace on this algebra, $h$ is a positive selfadjoint operator from $L^1(\M,τ)$, and $f$ is an appropriate convex or concave function. The results cover both finite and semifinite algebras, and the obtained formulae generalise known results…

Unconditional alignment of solutions to the Fokker-Planck-Navier-Stokes system with locally averaged Brinkman force
Roman Shvydkoy, Trevor Teolis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07415

Unconditional alignment of solutions to the Fokker-Planck-Navier-Stokes system with locally averaged Brinkman force
We study a coupled Fokker-Planck--Navier-Stokes (FPNS) system modeling the dynamics of interacting particles suspended in a viscous incompressible fluid, where the coupling occurs through a locally averaged Brinkman drag force. Our main result is the unconditional alignment and synchronization of particle and fluid velocities for all weak solutions, in any dimension, on the periodic domain. The proof leverages a new entropy method and a hypocoercivity framework, which together yield quantitativ…

Good article. New physics experiments concerning "cosmic entropy", dark matter, and information theory will be coming up. (Is gravity an emergent phenomenon?)
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2488701-is-gravity-a-new-…

Is gravity a new type of force that arises from cosmic entropy?
Decades ago, a renegade physicist suggested that gravity isn't so much a force as just a byproduct of the universe's tendency to get more disordered. Now this idea might finally be testable

Entropy2Vec: Crosslingual Language Modeling Entropy as End-to-End Learnable Language Representations
Patrick Amadeus Irawan, Ryandito Diandaru, Belati Jagad Bintang Syuhada, Randy Zakya Suchrady, Alham Fikri Aji, Genta Indra Winata, Fajri Koto, Samuel Cahyawijaya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05060

Entropy2Vec: Crosslingual Language Modeling Entropy as End-to-End Learnable Language Representations
We introduce Entropy2Vec, a novel framework for deriving cross-lingual language representations by leveraging the entropy of monolingual language models. Unlike traditional typological inventories that suffer from feature sparsity and static snapshots, Entropy2Vec uses the inherent uncertainty in language models to capture typological relationships between languages. By training a language model on a single language, we hypothesize that the entropy of its predictions reflects its structural sim…

Mutual entropy and thermal area law in C*-algebraic quantum lattice systems
Hajime Moriya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05823 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.05823…

Mutual entropy and thermal area law in C*-algebraic quantum lattice systems
We present a general definition of quantum mutual entropy for infinitely extended quantum spin and fermion lattice systems. Using this, we establish a thermal area law in these infinitely extended quantum systems. The proof is based on the local thermodynamical stability (LTS), a variational principle in terms of the conditional free energy. Our thermal area law in quasi-local C*-systems applies to general interactions with well-defined surface energies. We also examine the quantum mutual entro…

ERDE: Entropy-Regularized Distillation for Early-exit
Martial Guidez, Stefan Duffner, Yannick Alpou, Oscar R\"oth, Christophe Garcia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04856 https:…

ERDE: Entropy-Regularized Distillation for Early-exit
Although deep neural networks and in particular Convolutional Neural Networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in image classification with relatively high efficiency, they still exhibit high computational costs, often rendering them impractical for real-time and edge applications. Therefore, a multitude of compression techniques have been developed to reduce these costs while maintaining accuracy. In addition, dynamic architectures have been introduced to modulate the level of co…

Holographic Reflected Entropy: Islands and Defect Phases
Ankur Dey, Gautam Sengupta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06551 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06551

Holographic Reflected Entropy: Islands and Defect Phases
We investigate the mixed state entanglement structure through the reflected entropy for disjoint radiation subsystems coupled to a 2d eternal brane world black hole in a time dependent defect AdS$_3$/BCFT$_2$ scenario. Utilizing the island prescription and the defect extremal surface (DES) formula, we demonstrate a complex mixed state entanglement structure through the reflected entropy corresponding to distinct entanglement entropy phases. In each case we verify the holographic duality of the …

Towards Practical Data-Dependent Memory-Hard Functions with Optimal Sustained Space Trade-offs in the Parallel Random Oracle Model
Jeremiah Blocki, Blake Holman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06795

Towards Practical Data-Dependent Memory-Hard Functions with Optimal Sustained Space Trade-offs in the Parallel Random Oracle Model
Memory-Hard Functions (MHF) are a useful cryptographic primitive to build egalitarian proofs-of-work and to help protect low entropy secrets (e.g., user passwords) against brute-forces attacks. Ideally, we would like for a MHF to have the property that (1) an honest party can evaluate the function in sequential time $Ω(N)$, and (2) any parallel party that evaluates the function is forced to lockup $Ω(N)$ memory for $Ω(N)$ sequential steps. Unfortunately, this goal is not quite achievable, so…

Hierarchical community detection via maximum entropy partitions and the renormalization group
Jorge Martinez Armas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04034 https://

Hierarchical community detection via maximum entropy partitions and the renormalization group
Identifying meaningful structure across multiple scales remains a central challenge in network science. We introduce Hierarchical Clustering Entropy (HCE), a general and model-agnostic framework for detecting informative levels in hierarchical community structures. Unlike existing approaches, HCE operates directly on dendrograms without relying on edge-level statistics. It selects resolution levels that maximize a principled trade-off between the entropy of the community size distribution and t…

Likelihood Ratio Tests by Kernel Gaussian Embedding
Leonardo V. Santoro, Victor M. Panaretos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07982 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07…

Likelihood Ratio Tests by Kernel Gaussian Embedding
We propose a novel kernel-based nonparametric two-sample test, employing the combined use of kernel mean and kernel covariance embedding. Our test builds on recent results showing how such combined embeddings map distinct probability measures to mutually singular Gaussian measures on the kernel's RKHS. Leveraging this result, we construct a test statistic based on the relative entropy between the Gaussian embeddings, i.e.\ the likelihood ratio. The likelihood ratio is specifically tailored to d…

Shear viscosity to entropy density ratio: A powerful tool for gravity theories and strongly coupled fluids
Maril\`u Chiofalo, Dario Grasso, Stefano Liberati, Massimo Mannarelli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06178

Shear viscosity to entropy density ratio: A powerful tool for gravity theories and strongly coupled fluids
In this perspective review, we present a concise yet multifaceted overview of the pivotal role played by the the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio across various physical contexts. After summarizing some of the main aspects of the bound obtained by Kovtun, Son and Starinets, we examine potential sources of its violation, exploring the insights these may offer and their connections to fundamental causality conditions. We also review a range of experimental tests conducted in diverse, yet …

Safe cross-entropy-based importance sampling for rare event simulations
Zhiwei Gao, George Karniadakis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07160 https://arxiv.org/p…

Safe cross-entropy-based importance sampling for rare event simulations
The Improved Cross-Entropy (ICE) method is a powerful tool for estimating failure probabilities in reliability analysis. Its core idea is to approximate the optimal importance-sampling density by minimizing the forward Kullback-Leibler divergence within a chosen parametric family-typically a mixture model. However, conventional mixtures are often light-tailed, which leads to slow convergence and instability when targeting very small failure probabilities. Moreover, selecting the number of mixtu…

Quantum Relative Entropy Decay Composition Yields Shallow, Unstructured k-Designs
Nicholas Laracuente
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08537 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Quantum Relative Entropy Decay Composition Yields Shallow, Unstructured k-Designs
A major line of questions in quantum information and computing asks how quickly locally random circuits converge to resemble global randomness. In particular, approximate k-designs are random unitary ensembles that resemble random circuits up to their first k moments. It was recently shown that on n qudits, random circuits with slightly structured architectures converge to k-designs in depth O(log n), even on one-dimensional connectivity. It has however remained open whether the same shallow de…

Convergence Theorems for Entropy-Regularized and Distributional Reinforcement Learning
Yash Jhaveri, Harley Wiltzer, Patrick Shafto, Marc G. Bellemare, David Meger
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08526

Convergence Theorems for Entropy-Regularized and Distributional Reinforcement Learning
In the pursuit of finding an optimal policy, reinforcement learning (RL) methods generally ignore the properties of learned policies apart from their expected return. Thus, even when successful, it is difficult to characterize which policies will be learned and what they will do. In this work, we present a theoretical framework for policy optimization that guarantees convergence to a particular optimal policy, via vanishing entropy regularization and a temperature decoupling gambit. Our approac…

Microstructure and phase stability within the AlMoNbTiZr system: design tools and compositional boundaries for a high-entropy alloy
Mariano Casas-Luna, Dalibor Preisler, Ji\v{r}\'i Kozl\'ik, Josef Str\'ask\'y
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08417

Microstructure and phase stability within the AlMoNbTiZr system: design tools and compositional boundaries for a high-entropy alloy
This study explores Ti-containing complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) within the AlMoNbTiZr system, focusing on compositions located in regions of the Bo-Md diagram characterized by low bond order (Bo) and d-orbital energy level (Md). Four alloys were designed near the line predicting stress-induced martensite formation in conventional Ti alloys, then cast, annealed at 1200°C, and water quenched. Their microstructures and phases were analyzed and compared against phase prediction tools commonly…

CDE: Curiosity-Driven Exploration for Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Models
Runpeng Dai, Linfeng Song, Haolin Liu, Zhenwen Liang, Dian Yu, Haitao Mi, Zhaopeng Tu, Rui Liu, Tong Zheng, Hongtu Zhu, Dong Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09675

CDE: Curiosity-Driven Exploration for Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Models
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet current RLVR methods often explore poorly, leading to premature convergence and entropy collapse. To address this challenge, we introduce Curiosity-Driven Exploration (CDE), a framework that leverages the model's own intrinsic sense of curiosity to guide exploration. We formalize curiosity with signals from both the actor and the critic: for the a…

Entropy-Guided Loop: Achieving Reasoning through Uncertainty-Aware Generation
Andrew G. A. Correa, Ana C. H de Matos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00079 https://

Entropy-Guided Loop: Achieving Reasoning through Uncertainty-Aware Generation
Reasoning models often outperform smaller models but at 3--5$\times$ higher cost and added latency. We present entropy-guided refinement: a lightweight, test-time loop that uses token-level uncertainty to trigger a single, targeted refinement pass. We extract logprobs, compute Shannon entropy on top-$k$ alternatives, and apply a simple OR-logic trigger over perplexity, maximum token entropy, and low-confidence-token count. Unlike approaches that use entropy only for measurement or decoding, we …

Replaced article(s) found for q-bio.NC. https://arxiv.org/list/q-bio.NC/new
[1/1]:
- Inferring entropy production in many-body systems using nonequilibrium MaxEnt
Miguel Aguilera, Sosuke Ito, Artemy Kolchinsky

A Unified Nonequilibrium Framework: Thermodynamic Distance, Dissipation, and Stationary Laws via Effective State Count, Variational Stationarity, and Thermodynamic Bounds
Mesfin Taye
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09041

A Unified Nonequilibrium Framework: Thermodynamic Distance, Dissipation, and Stationary Laws via Effective State Count, Variational Stationarity, and Thermodynamic Bounds
We propose a variational framework for nonequilibrium thermodynamics built around the effective number of accessible state, a multiplicative count that ranges from for a uniform distribution to one under complete localization, and whose logarithm coincides with the Gibbs Shannon entropy. This gives a natural thermodynamic distance to equipartition that bounds statistical distinguishability and grows monotonically under doubly stochastic relaxation. The construction extends to arbitrary nonequil…

Exploring Complexity Measures for Analysis of Solar Wind Structures and Streams
Venla Koikkalainen, Emilia Kilpua, Simon Good, Adnane Osmane
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05873 htt…

Exploring Complexity Measures for Analysis of Solar Wind Structures and Streams
In this paper we use statistical complexity and information theory metrics to study structure within solar wind time series. We explore this using entropy-complexity and information planes, where the measure for entropy is formed using either permutation entropy or the degree distribution of a horizontal visibility graph (HVG). The entropy is then compared to the Jensen complexity (Jensen-Shannon complexity plane) and Fisher information measure (Fisher-Shannon information plane), formed both fr…

Positivity bounds from thermal field theory entropy
Xin-Yi Liu, Yongjun Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06630 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06630

Positivity bounds from thermal field theory entropy
We present a novel approach to deriving positivity bounds on effective field theories by analyzing the thermodynamic behavior of thermal quantum field systems. Focusing on scalar theories with higher-dimensional operators, we compute the finite-temperature entropy using thermal field theory techniques. We argue that consistency with fundamental thermodynamic principles-specifically, the expectation that entropy increases with the introduction of new degrees of freedom-imposes nontrivial constra…

Quantum-Kaniadakis entropy as a measure of quantum correlations through implicit bounds
Narayan S Iyer, Shraddha Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07241 https://

Quantum-Kaniadakis entropy as a measure of quantum correlations through implicit bounds
In the present article, we examine the relationship of negative conditional quantum Kaniadakis entropy ($α-$CQKE) with the fully entangled fraction (FEF) which is a substantial yardstick for quantum information processing protocols including teleportation, and quantum steerability, executed over four vital quantum states with maximally mixed marginals, the 2-qubit Werner state, the 2-qubit Weyl state, the 2-qudit Werner state and the isotropic state. We initiate our analysis in 2$\otimes$2 sys…

Entropy-energy solutions for Thermo-Visco-Elastic systems with Mr\'oz-type inelastic behavior
Tomasz Cie\'slak, Sebastian Owczarek, Karolina wielgos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04152

Entropy-energy solutions for Thermo-Visco-Elastic systems with Mróz-type inelastic behavior
In this article, we study a thermodynamically consistent thermo-visco-elastic model describing the balance of internal energy in a heat-conducting inelastic body. In the considered problem, the temperature dependence appears in both the elastic and inelastic constitutive relations. For such a system, we introduce the concept of a weak entropy-energy solution, which satisfies the entropy equality instead of the internal energy equation. Although the model does not possess any mathematically favo…

Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in a Honeycomb Spiral Spin-Liquid Candidate
Yuqian Zhao, Xun Chen, Zongtang Wan, Zhaohua Ma, Yuesheng Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08721 https://

Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in a Honeycomb Spiral Spin-Liquid Candidate
Unlike conventional magnetic states, which lack degeneracy, the spiral spin liquid (SSL) fluctuates among degenerate spiral configurations, with ground-state wave vectors forming a continuous contour or surface in reciprocal space. At low temperatures, the field-induced crossover from the polarized ferromagnetic state to the SSL results in a large entropy increase and decalescence, indicating its potential for magnetic cooling. However, magnetic cooling using a SSL has yet to be reported. Here,…

Minimizing and Maximizing the Shannon Entropy for Fixed Marginals
Paula Franke, Kay Hamacher, Paul Manns
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05099 https://arxiv.org…

Minimizing and Maximizing the Shannon Entropy for Fixed Marginals
The mutual information (MI) between two random variables is an important correlation measure in data analysis. The Shannon entropy of a joint probability distribution is the variable part under fixed marginals. We aim to minimize and maximize it to obtain the largest and smallest MI possible in this case, leading to a scaled MI ratio for better comparability. We present algorithmic approaches and optimal solutions for a set of problem instances based on data from molecular evolution. We show th…

Entanglement entropy, Monte Carlo event generators, and soft gluons DIScovery
Martin Hentschinski, Hannes Jung, Krzysztof Kutak
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03400 https://

Entanglement entropy, Monte Carlo event generators, and soft gluons DIScovery
We study entropy production in Deep Inelastic Scattering using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the dominant contribution to entropy is due to soft gluons. This contribution is usually neglected in standard Monte Carlo approaches, since it does not affect hadronic spectra. However, it is relevant for entropy and multiplicity distributions, as we demonstrate with explicit calculations. We further show that, as one lowers the cutoff - i.e. includes soft gluons - thereby making the Monte Carl…

Sample-Efficient and Smooth Cross-Entropy Method Model Predictive Control Using Deterministic Samples
Markus Walker, Daniel Frisch, Uwe D. Hanebeck
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05706

Sample-Efficient and Smooth Cross-Entropy Method Model Predictive Control Using Deterministic Samples
Cross-entropy method model predictive control (CEM--MPC) is a powerful gradient-free technique for nonlinear optimal control, but its performance is often limited by the reliance on random sampling. This conventional approach can lead to inefficient exploration of the solution space and non-smooth control inputs, requiring a large number of samples to achieve satisfactory results. To address these limitations, we propose deterministic sampling CEM (dsCEM), a novel framework that replaces the ra…

From High-Entropy Ceramics (HECs) to Compositionally Complex Ceramics (CCCs) and Beyond
Jian Luo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05629 https://arxiv.org/pdf/251…

From High-Entropy Ceramics (HECs) to Compositionally Complex Ceramics (CCCs) and Beyond
Over the past decade, the field of high-entropy ceramics (HECs) has rapidly expanded to encompass a wide range of oxides, borides, silicides, and other ceramic solid solutions. In 2020, we proposed extending the concept of HECs to compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs), in which non-equimolar compositions and the presence of long- or short-range order reduce entropy while offering new opportunities to tailor and enhance properties, often beyond those of higher-entropy counterparts. Here, funda…

Thermodynamic and quantum fluctuations of horizon area
G. E. Volovik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08006 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.08006

Thermodynamic and quantum fluctuations of horizon area
The event horizon is a source of irreversibility, analogous to statistical irreversibility. This is why for systems with an event horizon there is no difference between quantum and thermal fluctuations. Quantum processes of quantum tunneling determine the thermodynamics of these systems, their temperatures, entropies and fluctuations. We considered three examples of entropy variance that support this point of view: (i) the variance of the area of the black hole horizon, obtained by consideratio…

Disjoint Gaussian automorphisms with Lebesgue spectrum factors
Valery V. Ryzhikov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06920 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.06920

Disjoint Gaussian automorphisms with Lebesgue spectrum factors
A continuous family of pairwise disjoint Newton-Perry even factors of Gaussian suspensions for Sidon transformations is presented. These factors have the same Lebesgue spectrum, but different Kirillov-Kushnirenko entropy.

Information Transport in Classic-Quantum Hybrid System
Julian Rapp, Radhika H. Joshi, Alwin van Steensel, Yuli V. Nazarov, Mohammad H. Ansari
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07870 ht…

Information Transport in Classic-Quantum Hybrid System
Many important quantities in quantum information science, such as entropy and entanglement, are non-linear functions of the density matrix and cannot be expressed as operator observables. Standard open-system approaches evolve only a single copy of the density matrix, making it impossible to track the dynamics of such quantities. A formalism proposed by some of the present authors addressed this challenge by evolving multiple virtual replicas, but was limited to the weak-coupling regime. Here, …

Compressing Chain-of-Thought in LLMs via Step Entropy
Zeju Li, Jianyuan Zhong, Ziyang Zheng, Xiangyu Wen, Zhijian Xu, Yingying Cheng, Fan Zhang, Qiang Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03346

Compressing Chain-of-Thought in LLMs via Step Entropy
Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a novel CoT compression framework based on step entropy, a metric that quantifies the informational contribution of individual reasoning steps to identify redundancy. Through theoretical analysis and extensive empirical validation on mathematical reasoning benc…

Entropy production in non-reciprocal polar active mixtures
Kim L. Kreienkamp, Sabine H. L. Klapp
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05209 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Entropy production in non-reciprocal polar active mixtures
The out-of-equilibrium character of active systems is often twofold, arising from both the activity itself and from non-reciprocal couplings between constituents. A well-established measure to quantify the system's distance from equilibrium is the informatic entropy production rate. Here, we ask the question whether and how the informatic entropy production rate reflects collective behaviors and transitions in an active mixture with non-reciprocal polar couplings. In such systems, non-reciproca…

Consciousness As Entropy Reduction (Short Version)
Yifeng Chen, J. W. Sanders
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06297 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.06297

Consciousness As Entropy Reduction (Short Version)
A model of consciousness is proposed which, having a logical basis, lends itself to simulation using a simple mathematical model called Consciousness as Entropy Reduction (CER). The approach has been inspired by previous models such as GWT, IIT and an earlier less mainstream model called "Feature Map" in Psychology. CER considers the contents of consciousness and subconsciousness as \textit{scenarios}: a vector of patterns (or features) on various "channels" (or feature locations). In CER, a fe…

On Entropy Control in LLM-RL Algorithms
Han Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03493 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.03493

On Entropy Control in LLM-RL Algorithms
For RL algorithms, appropriate entropy control is crucial to their effectiveness. To control the policy entropy, a commonly used method is entropy regularization, which is adopted in various popular RL algorithms including PPO, SAC and A3C. Although entropy regularization proves effective in robotic and games RL conventionally, studies found that it gives weak to no gains in LLM-RL training. In this work, we study the issues of entropy bonus in LLM-RL setting. Specifically, we first argue that …

Refined Thermodynamic Analysis of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Black Holes in a Phantom Background
Jyotish Kumar, Sudhaker Upadhyay, Himanshu Kumar Sudhanshu, Yerlan Myrzakulov, Kairat Myrzakulov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06578

Refined Thermodynamic Analysis of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Black Holes in a Phantom Background
In this study, we examine the thermodynamics of black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) by employing the Misner-Sharp energy framework. We extend the analysis to include the thermal fluctuations of these black holes when size reduces to small size, redefining key thermodynamic variables such as pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, and entropy within the context of PFDM. Using these newly defined variables, we systematically calculate the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, …

Exploring the Spectral Edge in SYK Models
Bowen Ouyang, Pratik Rath
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07804 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07804

Exploring the Spectral Edge in SYK Models
Previous work on Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity has shown that, at low temperatures, the annealed entropy becomes negative and departs from the quenched entropy. From the perspective of the random-matrix theory (RMT) dual of JT gravity, this effect is encoded in the level spacing statistics of the spectral edge that is universally described by the Airy model. At low temperature, the quenched entropy exhibits a power law dependence determined by the symmetry class of the RMT ensemble. Here we st…

Maximum channel entropy principle and microcanonical channels
Philippe Faist, Sumeet Khatri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03994 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.039…

Maximum channel entropy principle and microcanonical channels
The thermal state plays a number of significant roles throughout physics, information theory, quantum computing, and machine learning. It arises from Jaynes' maximum-entropy principle as the maximally entropic state subject to linear constraints, and is also the reduced state of the microcanonical state on the system and a large environment. We formulate a maximum-channel-entropy principle, defining a thermal channel as one that maximizes a channel entropy measure subject to linear constraints …

Entropy stable finite difference (ESFD) methods via entropy correction artificial viscosity (ECAV) and knapsack limiting (KL) techniques
Brian Christner, Jesse Chan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21226

Entropy stable finite difference (ESFD) methods via entropy correction artificial viscosity (ECAV) and knapsack limiting (KL) techniques
Entropy stable methods have become increasingly popular in the field of computational fluid dynamics. They often work by satisfying some form of a discrete entropy inequality: a discrete form of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Schemes which satisfy a (semi-)discrete entropy inequality typically behave much more robustly, and do so in a way that is hyperparameter free. Recently, a new strategy was introduced to construct entropy stable discontinuous Galerkin methods: knapsack limiting, which blen…

Crosslisted article(s) found for math.DS. https://arxiv.org/list/math.DS/new
[1/1]:
- An entropy formula for the Deep Linear Network
Govind Menon, Tianmin Yu
ht…

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
Pavel Sou\v{c}ek, Stanislava Debn\'arov\'a, \v{S}\'arka Zuzjakov\'a, Shuyao Lin, Matej Fekete, Zsolt Czig\'any, Katalin Bal\'azsi, Luk\'a\v{s} Vr\'ana, Tatiana Pito\v{n}\'akov\'a, Ond\v{r}ej Ja\v{s}ek, Petr Zeman, Nikola Koutn\'a

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system were studied using ab initio calculations and experiments to clarify the role of entropy and individual elements in phase stability, microstructure, and high-temperature behaviour. Formation energy calculations indicated that nitrogen vacancies stabilise the cubic (fcc) phase, with hafnium and tantalum acting as strong stabilisers, while tungsten destabilises the lattice. Coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sput…

The role of entropy production and thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the thermalization of open quantum systems
\'Alvaro Tejero
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05072 https:/…

The role of entropy production and thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the thermalization of open quantum systems
The asymmetry between heating and cooling in open quantum systems is a hallmark of nonequilibrium dynamics, yet its thermodynamic origin has remained unclear. Here, we investigate the thermalization of a quantum system weakly coupled to a thermal bath, focusing on the entropy production rate and the quantum thermokinetic uncertainty relation (TKUR). We derive an analytical expression for the entropy production rate, showing that heating begins with a higher entropy production, which drives fast…

Holographic AME states in black hole interiors
Takanori Anegawa, Kotaro Tamaoka
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07634 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07634

Holographic AME states in black hole interiors
We argue that the special extremal slice inside an AdS black hole is dual to an absolutely maximally entangled (AME) state. We demonstrate this by confirming the $n$-independence of holographic $n$-th Renyi entropies for any bi-partite subsystems. Our result gives an AME state in an infinite-volume system, where the local bond dimension is set by the black hole entropy. In particular, our construction provides concrete support from the gravity side for the emergence of random structures and an …

Factuality Beyond Coherence: Evaluating LLM Watermarking Methods for Medical Texts
Rochana Prih Hastuti, Rian Adam Rajagede, Mansour Al Ghanim, Mengxin Zheng, Qian Lou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07755 …

Factuality Beyond Coherence: Evaluating LLM Watermarking Methods for Medical Texts
As large language models (LLMs) adapted to sensitive domains such as medicine, their fluency raises safety risks, particularly regarding provenance and accountability. Watermarking embeds detectable patterns to mitigate these risks, yet its reliability in medical contexts remains untested. Existing benchmarks focus on detection-quality tradeoffs, overlooking factual risks under low-entropy settings often exploited by watermarking's reweighting strategy. We propose a medical-focused evaluation w…

Thermodynamic Performance Limits for Score-Based Diffusion Models
Nathan X. Kodama, Michael Hinczewski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06174 https://arxiv.org/p…

Thermodynamic Performance Limits for Score-Based Diffusion Models
We establish a fundamental connection between score-based diffusion models and non-equilibrium thermodynamics by deriving performance limits based on entropy rates. Our main theoretical contribution is a lower bound on the negative log-likelihood of the data that relates model performance to entropy rates of diffusion processes. We numerically validate this bound on a synthetic dataset and investigate its tightness. By building a bridge to entropy rates - system, intrinsic, and exchange entropy…

Entanglement phases and phase transitions in monitored free fermion system due to localizations
Yu-Jun Zhao, Xuyang Huang, Yi-Rui Zhang, Han-Ze Li, Jian-Xin Zhong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09538

Entanglement phases and phase transitions in monitored free fermion system due to localizations
In recent years, the presence of local potentials has significantly enriched and diversified the entanglement patterns in monitored free fermion systems. In our approach, we employ the stochastic Schrödinger equation to simulate a one-dimensional spinless fermion system under continuous measurement and local potentials. By averaging the steady-state entanglement entropy over many quantum trajectories, we investigate its dependence on measurement and localization parameters. We used a phenomeno…

On the cardinality of measures of maximal relative entropy for smooth skew products
Matheus M. Castro, Gary Froyland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04475 https://

On the cardinality of measures of maximal relative entropy for smooth skew products
Let $Ω$ and $M$ be compact smooth manifolds and let $Θ:Ω\times M\toΩ\times M$ be a $\mathcal C^{1+α}$ skew-product diffeomorphism over an Axiom A base. We show that $Θ$ has at most countably many ergodic hyperbolic measures of maximal relative entropy. When $\dim M=2$, if $Θ$ has positive relative topological entropy, then $Θ$ has at most countably many ergodic measures of maximal relative entropy.

Accelerated Design of Mechanically Hard Magnetically Soft High-entropy Alloys via Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization
Mian Dai, Yixuan Zhang, Weijia He, Chen Shen, Xiaoqing Li, Stephan Sch\"onecker, Liuliu Han, Ruiwen Xie, Tianhang Zhou, Hongbin Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05702

Accelerated Design of Mechanically Hard Magnetically Soft High-entropy Alloys via Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization
Designing high-entropy alloys (HEAs) that are both mechanically hard and possess soft magnetic properties is inherently challenging, as a trade-off is needed for mechanical and magnetic properties. In this study, we optimize HEA compositions using a multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) framework to achieve simultaneous optimal mechanical and magnetic properties. An ensemble surrogate model is constructed to enhance the accuracy of machine learning surrogate models, while an efficient sa…

Entanglement Entropy and Complexity in Dyonic Quantum Black Holes
Sanhita Parihar, Gurmeet Singh Punia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05264 https://arxiv.org/p…

Entanglement Entropy and Complexity in Dyonic Quantum Black Holes
In this work, we study the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and holographic complexity (HC) for three-dimensional dyonic quantum black holes, incorporating corrections arising from bulk quantum fields in the setup of double holography. We investigate the holographic entanglement entropy through the holographic Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) prescription and the island prescription. Using RT extremization, we evaluate HEE for connected and disconnected (island) surfaces and show islands emerge when R…

A hybrid quantum walk model unifying discrete and continuous quantum walks
Tianen Chen, Yun Shang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09221 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

A hybrid quantum walk model unifying discrete and continuous quantum walks
Quantum walks, both discrete and continuous, serve as fundamental tools in quantum information processing with diverse applications. This work introduces a hybrid quantum walk model that integrates the coin mechanism of discrete walks with the Hamiltonian-driven time evolution of continuous walks. Through systematic analysis of probability distributions, standard deviations, and entanglement entropy on fundamental graph structures (2-vertex circles, stars, and lines), we reveal distinctive dyna…

Thermodynamics of Kerr black hole: Tsallis-Cirto composition law and entropy quantization
G. E. Volovik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00748 https://arxiv.org/…

Thermodynamics of Kerr black hole: Tsallis-Cirto composition law and entropy quantization
The processes of splitting and merging of black holes obey the composition law generated by the Tsallis-Cirto $δ=2$ statistics. The same composition law expresses the full entropy of the Reissner-Nordström black hole via the entropies of its outer and inner horizons. He we apply this composition law to the entropy of the Kerr black hole. As distinct from Reissner-Nordström black hole, where the full entropy depends only on mass $M$ and does not depend on its charge $Q$, the entropy of Kerr b…

Polynomial entropy of induced homeomorphisms on $C(\mathbb{S}^1)$
Ma\v{s}a {\DJ}ori\'c, Jelena Kati\'c
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06037 https://arx…

Polynomial entropy of induced homeomorphisms on $C(\mathbb{S}^1)$
We compute the polynomial entropy of $C(f)$ where $f$ is any circle homeomorphism.

A Quantum Walk-Driven Algorithm for the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem under a Maximal Degree Constraint
F. S. Luiz, F. F. Fanchini, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque, J. P. Papa, M. C. de Oliveira
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07007

A Quantum Walk-Driven Algorithm for the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem under a Maximal Degree Constraint
We present a novel quantum walk-based approach to solve the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) problem under a maximal degree constraint (MDC). By recasting the classical MST problem as a quantum walk on a graph, where vertices are encoded as quantum states and edge weights are inverted to define a modified Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that the quantum evolution naturally selects the MST by maximizing the cumulative transition probability (and thus the Shannon entropy) over the spanning tree. Our metho…

Explorations of Universality in the Entropy and Hawking Radiation of Non-Extremal Kerr AdS$_4$ Black Holes
Jun Nian, Leopoldo A. Pando Zayas, Wenni Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05322

Explorations of Universality in the Entropy and Hawking Radiation of Non-Extremal Kerr AdS$_4$ Black Holes
We comprehensively discuss various microscopic approaches to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for rotating, electrically charged, asymptotically AdS$_4$ non-extremal black holes in gauged supergravity. We apply the covariant phase space formalism to the near-horizon region to obtain a Cardy-formula-based microscopic explanation for the entropy, consistent with the Kerr/CFT correspondence. From the dual boundary CFT point of view, we estimate the free partition function in the matrix model approxi…

Adapt in the Wild: Test-Time Entropy Minimization with Sharpness and Feature Regularization
Shuaicheng Niu, Guohao Chen, Deyu Chen, Yifan Zhang, Jiaxiang Wu, Zhiquan Wen, Yaofo Chen, Peilin Zhao, Chunyan Miao, Mingkui Tan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04977

Adapt in the Wild: Test-Time Entropy Minimization with Sharpness and Feature Regularization
Test-time adaptation (TTA) may fail to improve or even harm the model performance when test data have: 1) mixed distribution shifts, 2) small batch sizes, 3) online imbalanced label distribution shifts. This is often a key obstacle preventing existing TTA methods from being deployed in the real world. In this paper, we investigate the unstable reasons and find that the batch norm layer is a crucial factor hindering TTA stability. Conversely, TTA can perform more stably with batch-agnostic norm …

Universal relations with the non-extensive entropy in the RPS and CFT framework
Hai-Long Zhen, Jian-Hua Shi, Huai-Fan Li, Meng-Sen Ma, Yu-Bo Ma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05593 …

Universal relations with the non-extensive entropy in the RPS and CFT framework
In this paper, an in-depth investigation of the thermodynamic relations for AdS Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) is presented. This investigation is conducted within both the restricted phase space (RPS) and the conformal field theory (CFT) frameworks. The influence of non-extensive forms of entropy is also systematically examined. Our results demonstrate that the Goon-Penco (GP) relation for charged AdS black holes holds within both the RPS a…

Quench dynamics of entanglement entropy under projective charge measurements: the free fermion case
Riccardo Travaglino, Colin Rylands, Pasquale Calabrese
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05588

Quench dynamics of entanglement entropy under projective charge measurements: the free fermion case
We consider the effect of projective measurements on the quench dynamics of the bipartite entanglement entropy in one dimensional free fermionic systems. In our protocol, we consider projective measurements of a $U(1)$ conserved charge, the particle number, on some large subsystem, and study the entanglement entropies between the same subsystem and its complement. We compare the dynamics emanating from two classes of initial states, one which is an eigenstate of the charge and another which is …

Adiabatic preparation of thermal states and entropy-noise relation on noisy quantum computers
Etienne Granet, Henrik Dreyer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05206 https://

Adiabatic preparation of thermal states and entropy-noise relation on noisy quantum computers
We consider the problem of preparing thermal equilibrium states at finite temperature on quantum computers. Assuming thermalization, we show that states that are locally at thermal equilibrium can be prepared by evolving adiabatically an initial thermal Gibbs state of a simple Hamiltonian with an interpolating time-dependent Hamiltonian, identically to adiabatic ground state preparation. We argue that the entropy density of local density matrices is conserved during the adiabatic evolution, so …

Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward
Guanhua Huang, Tingqiang Xu, Mingze Wang, Qi Yi, Xue Gong, Siheng Li, Ruibin Xiong, Kejiao Li, Yuhao Jiang, Bo Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03222

Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has propelled Large Language Models in complex reasoning, yet its scalability is often hindered by a training bottleneck where performance plateaus as policy entropy collapses, signaling a loss of exploration. Previous methods typically address this by maintaining high policy entropy, yet the precise mechanisms that govern meaningful exploration have remained underexplored. Our analysis suggests that an unselective focus on entropy risks amp…

Cosmology, Decoherence and the Second Law
Sebastian Cespedes, Senarath de Alwis, Fernando Quevedo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07077 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Cosmology, Decoherence and the Second Law
We consider quantum decoherence and entropy increase in early universe cosmology. We first study decoherence in a discrete bipartite quantum system for which a single qubit gets entangled with an environment and the entropy increase is correlated with the decay of the off-diagonal terms of the reduced density matrix. We compare this system with continuous systems relevant for cosmology for which there is a natural external intervention, corresponding to the time-dependent separation between the…

On Estimating the Quantum Tsallis Relative Entropy
Jinge Bao, Minbo Gao, Qisheng Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00752 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.00752

On Estimating the Quantum Tsallis Relative Entropy
The relative entropy between quantum states quantifies their distinguishability. The estimation of certain relative entropies has been investigated in the literature, e.g., the von Neumann relative entropy and sandwiched Rényi relative entropy. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the estimation of the quantum Tsallis relative entropy. We show that for any constant $α\in (0, 1)$, the $α$-Tsallis relative entropy between two quantum states of rank $r$ can be estimated with sampl…

Tripartite entanglement in the HaPPY code is not holographic
Sriram Akella
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08520 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.08520

Tripartite entanglement in the HaPPY code is not holographic
Holographic states satisfy several entropic inequalities owing to the Ryu-Takayangi formula. A drawback of these inequalities is that they only use bipartite entanglement in their formulation. We investigate a recently proposed "GHZ-forbidding" inequality, built out of the reflected entropy and the tripartite multi-entropy, that holds for holographic states. We show that the inequality is either violated or saturated, but never strictly satisfied, by stabilizer states, thereby showing that stab…

Modified Unruh Thermodynamics in Emergent Gravity: Finite Heat Capacity and R\'enyi Entropy
F. Barzi, H. El Moumni, K. Masmar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03470 https://

Modified Unruh Thermodynamics in Emergent Gravity: Finite Heat Capacity and Rényi Entropy
We show that Jacobson's thermodynamic derivation of Einstein's equations remains valid when local Rindler horizons are treated as finite heat-capacity systems, resolving the unphysical infinite-bath assumption of standard Unruh thermodynamics. The resulting entropy takes the form of Rényi entropy with nonextensivity parameter $λ\sim C^{-1}$, or equivalently, a new "Einstein entropy" that exactly preserves the Einstein equations for all heat capacities. In both cases, the Unruh temperature is …

Timelike Entanglement Entropy in Higher Curvature Gravity
Zi-Xuan Zhao, Long Zhao, Song He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04181 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.0418…

Timelike Entanglement Entropy in Higher Curvature Gravity
This work investigates holographic timelike entanglement entropy in higher curvature gravity, with a particular focus on Lovelock theories and on the role of excited states. For strip subsystems, higher-curvature terms are found to affect the imaginary part of the entropy in a dimension-dependent manner, while excited states contribute solely to the real part. For the cases analyzed, spacelike and timelike entanglement entropies exhibit proportional relations: vacuum contributions differ by uni…

Thermalization with partial information
Philippe Faist, Sumeet Khatri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03993 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.03993

Thermalization with partial information
A many-body system, whether in contact with a large environment or evolving under complex dynamics, can typically be modeled as occupying the thermal state singled out by Jaynes' maximum entropy principle. Here, we find analogous fundamental principles identifying a noisy quantum channel $\mathcal{T}$ to model the system's dynamics, going beyond the study of its final equilibrium state. Our maximum channel entropy principle states that $\mathcal{T}$ should maximize the channel's entropy, suitab…

Quantum corrected black hole microstates and entropy
Dongming He, Juan Hernandez, Maria Knysh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02997 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0…

Quantum corrected black hole microstates and entropy
We extend the semiclassical black hole microstate construction to include quantum corrections to the microscopic entropy using a doubly holographic model of black holes. Specifically, we consider a double-sided black hole on a JT brane with holographic matter, coupled to a pair of holographic CFTs on the asymptotic boundaries. The dimension of the Hilbert space spanned by the microstates of this doubly holographic black hole is given by the exponentiated entropy, which is equal to the sum of th…

Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy for Translation-Invariant Matrix Product States
Lei-Yi-Nan Liu, Su Yi, Jian Cui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03534 https://arx…

Stabilizer Rényi Entropy for Translation-Invariant Matrix Product States
Magic, capturing the deviation of a quantum state from the stabilizer formalism, is a key resource underpinning the quantum advantage. The recently introduced stabilizer Rényi entropy (SRE) offers a tractable measure of magic, avoiding the complexity of conventional methods. We study SRE in translation-invariant matrix product states (MPS), deriving exact expressions for representative states and introducing a numerically stable algorithm, named bond-DMRG, to compute the SRE density in infinit…