Tootfinder

Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, #Mars: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09413-0 -> "Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively. This organic carbon appears to have participated in post-depositional redox reactions that produced the observed iron-phosphate and iron-sulfide minerals. Geological context and petrography indicate that these reactions occurred at low temperatures. Within this context, we review the various pathways by which redox reactions that involve organic matter can produce the observed suite of iron-, sulfur- and phosphorus-bearing minerals in laboratory and natural environments on Earth. Ultimately, we conclude that analysis of the core sample collected from this unit using high-sensitivity instrumentation on Earth will enable the measurements required to determine the origin of the minerals, organics and textures it contains."

Probing the Origin of Water in Planets within Habitable Zones by HWO
Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Courtney Dressing, Ludmila Carone
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07349 https://

Probing the Origin of Water in Planets within Habitable Zones by HWO
How do habitable environments arise and evolve within the context of their planetary systems? This is one fundamental question, and it can be addressed partly by identifying how planets in habitable zones obtain water. Historically, astronomers considered that water was delivered to the Earth via dynamical shake-up by Jupiter, which took place during the formation and post-formation eras (e.g., $\lesssim 100$ Myr). This hypothesis has recently been challenged by a more dynamic view of planet fo…

CO Depletion in Infrared Dark Clouds
G. Cosentino (Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique, France, European Southern Observatory, Germany), J. C. Tan (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, USA), C. Gainey (Department of Astronomy, Yale University, USA), C. Y. Law (INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri, Italy, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technolo…

CO Depletion in Infrared Dark Clouds
Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are cold, dense structures representative of the initial conditions of star formation. Many studies of IRDCs employ CO to investigate cloud dynamics. However, CO can be highly depleted from the gas phase in IRDCs, impacting its fidelity as tracer. CO depletion is also of great interest in astrochemistry, since CO ice in dust grain mantles provides the raw material for forming complex organic molecules. We study CO depletion toward four IRDCs to investigate how it co…

A transformer-based generative model for planetary systems
Yann Alibert, Jeanne Davoult, Sara Marques
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07226 https://arxiv.org/pd…

A transformer-based generative model for planetary systems
Numerical calculations of planetary system formation are very demanding in terms of computing power. These synthetic planetary systems can however provide access to correlations, as predicted in a given numerical framework, between the properties of planets in the same system. Such correlations can, in return, be used in order to guide and prioritize observational campaigns aiming at discovering some types of planets, as Earth-like planets. Our goal is to develop a generative model which is cap…

The ASPIICS solar coronagraph aboard the Proba-3 formation flying mission. Scientific objectives and instrument design
A. N. Zhukov, C. Thizy, D. Galano, B. Bourgoignie, L. Dolla, C. Jean, B. Nicula, S. Shestov, C. Galy, R. Rougeot, J. Versluys, J. Zender, P. Lamy, S. Fineschi, S. Gunar, B. Inhester, M. Mierla, P. Rudawy, K. Tsinganos, S. Koutchmy, R. Howard, H. Peter, S. Vives, L. Abbo, C. Aime, K. Aleksiejuk, J. Baran, U. Bak-Steslicka, A. Bemporad, D. Berghmans, D. Besliu-Ionescu, S…

The ASPIICS solar coronagraph aboard the Proba-3 formation flying mission. Scientific objectives and instrument design
We describe the scientific objectives and instrument design of the ASPIICS coronagraph launched aboard the Proba-3 mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) on 5 December 2024. Proba-3 consists of two spacecraft in a highly elliptical orbit around the Earth. One spacecraft carries the telescope, and the external occulter is mounted on the second spacecraft. The two spacecraft fly in a precise formation during 6 hours out of 19.63 hour orbit, together forming a giant solar coronagraph called AS…

The crystalline properties of silica biomorphs vary within and between morphologies
Moritz P. K. Frewein, Britta Maier, Moritz L. Stammer, Isabella Silva-Barreto, Anastasiia Sadetskaia, Asma Medjahed, Remi Tucoulou, Manfred Burghammer, Henrik Birkedal, Tilman A. Gr\"unewald
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21149

The crystalline properties of silica biomorphs vary within and between morphologies
Silica-carbonate biomorphs are a class of emergent materials, i.e. composite microstructures made of nanometric carbonate crystallites surrounded by amorphous silica. They form via a co-precipitation process in an interplay between alkaline earth metal carbonate and siliceous species, and self-organize into a multitude of shapes with a distinct long-range order of the carbonate nanocrystals. Biomorphs are frequently studied to understand the formation of life-like structures emerging from geoch…

Core-mantle partitioning and the bulk Earth abundances of hydrogen and carbon: Implications for their origins
Yutaro Tsutsumi (Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan), Naoya Sakamoto (Institute for Integrated Innovations, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan), Kei Hirose (Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan, Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro,…

Core-mantle partitioning and the bulk Earth abundances of hydrogen and carbon: Implications for their origins
We determined the metal/silicate partition coefficients of hydrogen and carbon, DH and DC, simultaneously under typical conditions of Earth's core formation. Experiments demonstrate that both DH and DC diminish in the presence of carbon and hydrogen, respectively, indicating their strong interactions in liquid metal. With these partitioning data, we investigated the core and bulk Earth abundances of hydrogen and carbon based on core formation scenarios that are compatible with the bulk silicate…

Time of proto-Earth reservoir formation and volatile element depletion from 53Mn-53Cr chronometry: #Earth probably needed supplies from space: https://mediarelations.unibe.ch/media_releases/2025/media_releases_2025/no_collision_no_life_earth_probably_needed_supplies_from_space/index_eng.html

Efficient Particle Acceleration in 2.5-Dimensional, Hybrid-Kinetic Simulations of Decaying, Supersonic, Plasma Turbulence
Keyan Gootkin, Colby Haggerty, Damiano Caprioli, Zachary Davis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18374

Graph Theory Meets Federated Learning over Satellite Constellations: Spanning Aggregations, Network Formation, and Performance Optimization
Fardis Nadimi, Payam Abdisarabshali, Jacob Chakareski, Nicholas Mastronarde, Seyyedali Hosseinalipour
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24932

Graph Theory Meets Federated Learning over Satellite Constellations: Spanning Aggregations, Network Formation, and Performance Optimization
We introduce Fed-Span, a novel federated/distributed learning framework designed for low Earth orbit satellite constellations. By leveraging graph-theoretic principles, Fed-Span addresses critical challenges inherent to distributed learning in dynamic satellite networks, including intermittent satellite connectivity, heterogeneous computational capabilities of satellites, and time-varying satellites' datasets. At its core, Fed-Span builds upon minimum spanning tree (MST) and minimum spanning fo…

Mapping Magnetic Fields from Clouds to Cores with PRIMAger
Kate Pattle, Janik Karoly, Lorna Buhil Findlay, Simon Coud\'e, Brandon S. Hensley, Paulo C. Cortes, James Di Francesco, Valentin J. M. Le Gouellec, Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez, Fabien Louvet
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01796

Mapping Magnetic Fields from Clouds to Cores with PRIMAger
High-resolution, wide-area mapping of magnetic field geometries within molecular clouds, and the star-forming filaments and cores within them, is crucial in order to understand the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process. We therefore propose an unbiased survey of star-forming molecular clouds within 0.5 kpc of the Earth in polarized light with the PRIMAger Polarimetry Imager. We will map magnetic fields over entire molecular clouds at linear resolutions of $\sim10^{-3}-10^{-2}$ p…

How stellar mass and disc size shape the formation and migration of super-Earths
Jesper Nielsen, Anders Johansen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21627 https://a…

How stellar mass and disc size shape the formation and migration of super-Earths
The occurrence rate of close-in super-Earths is higher around M-dwarfs compared to stars of higher masses. In this work we aim to understand how the super-Earth population is affected by both the stellar mass, the size of the protoplanetary disc, and viscous heating. We utilise a standard protoplanetary disc model with both irradiated and viscous heating together with a pebble accretion model to simulate the formation and migration of planets. We find that if the disc is heated purely through s…

Earth Wind-Driven Formation of Hematite on the Lunar Surface: #Moon Is Rusting, And It's All Earth's Fault: https://www.sciencealert.com/the-moon-is-rusting-and-its-all-earths-fault

Are Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies the First Safe Planet-hosting Environments?
Stefano Ciabattini, Stefania Salvadori, Leonardo Testi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01669 htt…

Are Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies the First Safe Planet-hosting Environments?
We explore whether Local Group dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies might have hosted Earth-like planets dwelling unexposed for several billions of years to major galactic threats to life, such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. To this aim, we developed a novel semiempirical model that exploits the observed chemical abundances and star formation histories of a selected sample of local dSphs, to explore whether their stars may have (i) reached the minimum metallicity to trigger planet formation an…

Optimized Observation Sequencing in Low-Earth Orbit with the SPHEREx Survey Planning Software
Sean Bryan, James Bock, Thomas Burk, Tzu-Ching Chang, Brendan P. Crill, Ari Cukierman, Olivier Dore, C. Darren Dowell, Gregory Dubois-Felsmann, Beth Fabinsky, Sergi Hildebrandt-Rafels, Howard Hui, Kyle Hughes, Phillip Korngut, Philip Mauskopf, Julian Mena, Chi Nguyen, Milad Pourrahmani, Dustin Putnam, Keshav Ramanathan, Flora Ridenhour, Cody Roberson, Amy Trangsrud, Stephen Unwin, Pao-Yu Wang,…

Optimized Observation Sequencing in Low-Earth Orbit with the SPHEREx Survey Planning Software
SPHEREx is a NASA infrared astronomy mission that launched on March 12th, 2025 and is operating successfully in low-Earth orbit (LEO). The mission is currently observing the entire sky in 102 spectral channels in four independent all-sky surveys and also achieves enhanced coverage in two deep fields. This data will resolve key science questions about the early universe, galaxy formation, and the origin of water and biogenic molecules. In this paper, we describe the survey planning software (SPS…

The Radius, Composition, Albedo, and Absolute Magnitude of Planet Nine Based on Exoplanets with Teq less than 600 K and the Planet Nine Reference Population 3.0
David G. Russell, Terry L. White
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22297

The Radius, Composition, Albedo, and Absolute Magnitude of Planet Nine Based on Exoplanets with Teq less than 600 K and the Planet Nine Reference Population 3.0
Evidence suggests the existence of a large planet in the outer Solar System, Planet Nine, with a predicted mass of 6.6 +2.6 / -1.7 Earth masses (Brown et al., 2024). Based on mass radius composition models, planet formation theory, and confirmed exoplanets with low mass and radius uncertainty and equilibrium temperature less than 600 K, we determine the most likely composition for Planet Nine is a mini-Neptune with a radius in the range 2.0 to 2.6 Earth radii and a H-He envelope fraction in the…

Inside-Out Planet Formation. VIII. Onset of Planet Formation and the Transition Disk Phase
Xiao Hu, Jonathan C. Tan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10755 https://

Inside-Out Planet Formation. VIII. Onset of Planet Formation and the Transition Disk Phase
Inside-Out Planet Formation (IOPF) is a theory of {\it in situ} formation via pebble accretion of close-in Earth to Super-Earth mass planets at the pressure maximum associated with the dead zone inner boundary (DZIB), whose location is set initially by thermal ionization of alkali metals at $\sim1,200\:$K. With midplane disk temperatures determined by viscous accretional heating, the radial location of the DZIB depends on the accretion rate of the disk. Here, we investigate the ability of pebbl…

Influencias astron\'omicas sobre la evoluci\'on geol\'ogica y biol\'ogica de la tierra (Parte II)
Carlos Alberto Olano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15070

Influencias astronómicas sobre la evolución geológica y biológica de la tierra (Parte II)
With the same general purposes as Part I of this monograph, we analyze here major events in the history of the Earth, such as the formation of the Earth itself, the origin of life, the great glaciations and the mass extinctions of species, and we also analyze the astronomical context in which they occurred. We argue that the Sun was captured around 500-700 Myr ago by a supercloud, of which the Orion arm and Gould's belt are currently part, and that this event marked the history of the Earth. Wi…

Flight masks of the Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument
A. J. Eldorado Riggs, Vanessa P. Bailey, Dwight Moody, Kunjithapatham Balasubramanian, Scott A. Basinger, Ruslan Belikov, Eduardo Bendek, John Debes, Brandon D. Dube, Jessica Gersh-Range, Tyler D. Groff, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Bertrand Mennesson, Brian Monacelli, Douglas M. Moore, Garreth Ruane, Jagmit Sandhu, Fang Shi, Erkin Sidick, Nicholas Siegler, Dan Sirbu, John Trauger, Carey L. Weisberg, Victor E. White, Daniel W. Wilso…

Flight masks of the Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument
Over the past two decades, thousands of confirmed exoplanets have been detected. The next major challenge is to characterize these other worlds and their stellar systems. Much information on the composition and formation of exoplanets and circumstellar debris disks can only be achieved via direct imaging. Direct imaging is challenging because of the small angular separations (< 1 arcsec) and high star-to-planet flux ratios such as ~1e9 for a Jupiter analog or ~1e10 for an Earth analog in the vi…

Possible Evidence for the Presence of Volatiles on the Warm Super-Earth TOI-270 b
Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Bj\"orn Benneke, Joshua Krissansen-Totton, Alexandrine L'Heureux, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Michael Radica, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Charles Cadieux, Yamila Miguel, Hilke E. Schlichting, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Christopher Monaghan, Hanna Adamski, Eshan Raul, Ryan Cloutier, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Jake Taylor, Cyril Gapp, Romain Allart, Fran\c{c}ois Bouchy, Bruno L. …

Possible Evidence for the Presence of Volatiles on the Warm Super-Earth TOI-270 b
The search for atmospheres on rocky exoplanets is a crucial step in understanding the processes driving atmosphere formation, retention, and loss. Past studies have revealed the existence of planets interior to the radius valley with densities lower than would be expected for pure-rock compositions, indicative of the presence of large volatile inventories which could facilitate atmosphere retention. Here we present an analysis of the JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum of the warm ($T_\mat…

Low-velocity large-scale shocks in the infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33: bubble-driven cloud-cloud collisions
G. Cosentino (Institut de Radioastronomie Millim\'etrique, France), I. Jim\'enez-Serra (Centro de Astrobiolog\`ia), R. Liu (National Astronomical Observatories of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), C. -Y. Law (INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri, Italy), J. C. Tan (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Depa…

Low-velocity large-scale shocks in the infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33: bubble-driven cloud-cloud collisions
Low-velocity large-scale shocks impacting on the ISM may efficiently shape molecular clouds and trigger star formation within them. These shocks, both driven by galactic bubbles and/or cloud-cloud collisions, leave specific signatures in the gas morphology and kinematics. Observational studies of such signatures are crucial to investigate if and how shocks affect the clouds formation process and trigger their future star formation. We have analysed the shocked and dense gas tracers SiO(2-1) and…

The mass of TOI-654 b: A short-period sub-Neptune transiting a mid-M dwarf
Kai Ikuta, Norio Narita, Takuya Takarada, Teruyuki Hirano, Akihiko Fukui, Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa, Yasunori Hori, Tadahiro Kimura, Takanori Kodama, Masahiro Ikoma, Jerome P. de Leon, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Gaia Lacedelli, John H. Livingston, Mayuko Mori, Felipe Murgas, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Noriharu Watanabe, Izuru Fukuda, Hiroki Harakawa, Yuya Hayashi, Klaus Hodapp, Keisuke Isogai, Taiki Kag…

The mass of TOI-654 b: A short-period sub-Neptune transiting a mid-M dwarf
Sub-Neptunes are small planets between the size of the Earth and Neptune. The orbital and bulk properties of transiting sub-Neptunes can provide clues for their formation and evolution of small planets. In this paper, we report on follow-up observations of a planetary system around the mid-M dwarf TOI-654, whose transiting sub-Neptune TOI-654 b ($P=1.53$ day) is validated as a suitable target for the atmospheric observation. We measure the planetary mass and stellar properties with the InfraRed…

Formation of organic hazes in CO$_2$-rich sub-Neptune atmospheres within the graphite-stability regime
Sai Wang, Zhengbo Yang, Chao He, Haixin Li, Yu Liu, Yingjian Wang, Xiao'ou Luo, Sarah E. Moran, Cara Pesciotta, Sarah M. H\"orst, Julianne I. Moses, V\'eronique Vuitton, Laur\`ene Flandinet
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05974

Formation of organic hazes in CO$_2$-rich sub-Neptune atmospheres within the graphite-stability regime
Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are the most common exoplanets, with a "radius valley" suggesting that super-Earths may form by shedding sub-Neptunes' gaseous envelopes. Exoplanets that lie closer to the super-Earth side of the valley are more likely to have lost a significant fraction of their original H/He envelopes and become enriched in heavier elements with CO$_2$ gaining in abundance. It remains unclear which types of haze would form in such atmospheres, potentially significantly affecting …

Origin of the lunar farside highlands from Earthshine-induced global circulation in lunar magma ocean
Wenshuai Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11199 https://

Origin of the lunar farside highlands from Earthshine-induced global circulation in lunar magma ocean
The lunar farside highlands, referred to as the lunar farside thicker crust compared with the nearside crust, presents a challenge to the theory of formation and evolution of the Moon. Here, we show that, after the Moon reached synchronous rotation, Earthshine could induce global circulation in lunar magma ocean due to the imposed surface temperature gradient generated by the hot, post-giant impact Earth. The global circulation, generating downwellings on the farside and a deeper return flow on…

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI
Hyerin Jang, Aditya M. Arabhavi, Till Kaeufer, Rens Waters, Inga Kamp, Thomas Henning, Alessio Caratti o Garatti, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Giulia Perotti, Jayatee Kanwar, Manuel G\"udel, Maria Morales-Calder\'on, Sierra L. Grant, Valentin Christiaens

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI
Disks around very low-mass stars (VLMS) provide environments for the formation of Earth-like planets. Mid-infrared observations have revealed that these disks exhibit weak silicate features and strong hydrocarbon emissions. This study characterizes the dust properties and geometrical structures of VLMS and brown dwarf (BD) disks, observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and connects these to gas column density and potential evolutionary stages. We analyz…

Replaced article(s) found for astro-ph.EP. https://arxiv.org/list/astro-ph.EP/new
[1/1]:
- On the Efficacy of Ocean Formation with a Primordial Hydrogen Atmosphere
Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Jun Korenaga