Tootfinder

Fundamental Scaling Limit in Critical Quantum Metrology
Ju-Yeon Gyhm, Hyukjoon Kwon, Myung-Joong Hwang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19003 https://

Fundamental Scaling Limit in Critical Quantum Metrology
Critical quantum metrology aims to harness critical properties near quantum phase transitions to enhance parameter estimation precision. However, critical slowing down inherently limits the achievable precision within a finite evolution time. To address this challenge, we establish a fundamental scaling limit of critical quantum metrology with respect to the total evolution time. We find that the winding number of the system's phase space trajectory determines the scaling bound of quantum Fishe…

Fundamental Solutions of the Logarithmic Laplacian: An Approach via the Division Problem
David Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20121 https://

Fundamental Solutions of the Logarithmic Laplacian: An Approach via the Division Problem
Existence of the fundamental solution of the logarithmic Laplacian (in dimensions $d \geq 3$) was established by Huyuan Chen and Laurent Véron (2024). In this note, we present an alternative approach, based on a modification on the classical division problem. This is inspired by the theory of fundamental solutions by Malgrange and Ehrenpreis. Moreover, we give a variant of the Liouville theorem for the logarithmic Laplacian and give some further clarification regarding a conjecture posed by Ch…

A many-body characterization of the fundamental gap in monolayer CrI$_3$
Daniel Staros, Abdulgani Annaberdiyev, Kevin Gasperich, Anouar Benali, Panchapakesan Ganesh, Brenda Rubenstein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17038

A many-body characterization of the fundamental gap in monolayer CrI$_3$
The many-body fixed-node and fixed-phase spin-orbit Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods are applied to accurately predict the fundamental gap of monolayer CrI$_3$ - the first experimentally-realized 2D material with intrinsic magnetism. The fundamental gap obtained, 2.9(1)~eV, agrees well with the highest peak in optical spectroscopy measurements and a previous $GW$ result. We numerically show that as expected in DMC the same value of the fundamental gap is obtained in the thermodynamic limit u…

Leveraging AI Graders for Missing Score Imputation to Achieve Accurate Ability Estimation in Constructed-Response Tests
Masaki Uto, Yuma Ito
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20119

Leveraging AI Graders for Missing Score Imputation to Achieve Accurate Ability Estimation in Constructed-Response Tests
Evaluating the abilities of learners is a fundamental objective in the field of education. In particular, there is an increasing need to assess higher-order abilities such as expressive skills and logical thinking. Constructed-response tests such as short-answer and essay-based questions have become widely used as a method to meet this demand. Although these tests are effective, they require substantial manual grading, making them both labor-intensive and costly. Item response theory (IRT) prov…

Global Convergence of Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares for Robust Subspace Recovery
Gilad Lerman, Kang Li, Tyler Maunu, Teng Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20533

Global Convergence of Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares for Robust Subspace Recovery
Robust subspace estimation is fundamental to many machine learning and data analysis tasks. Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) is an elegant and empirically effective approach to this problem, yet its theoretical properties remain poorly understood. This paper establishes that, under deterministic conditions, a variant of IRLS with dynamic smoothing regularization converges linearly to the underlying subspace from any initialization. We extend these guarantees to affine subspace estima…

"Israel and America’s war with Iran is not just a strategic throw of the dice. It is a fundamental shift in how power operates in a multipolar world. Though a transition toward new models of collective security remains theoretically possible, as the foundations of US global hegemony wither under Donald Trump the current trajectory favours entropy over order. The danger is not merely in acts of war, it is also in the chaos they leave behind."

Chaos engulfs Iran. What can Britain and Europe do?
Whether it is a democracy or a dictatorship, a state that loses a long war usually faces a dangerous reckoning. For four decades the ideological foundations of the Islamic Republic of Iran were anchor

Behavior Foundation Model: Towards Next-Generation Whole-Body Control System of Humanoid Robots
Mingqi Yuan, Tao Yu, Wenqi Ge, Xiuyong Yao, Dapeng Li, Huijiang Wang, Jiayu Chen, Xin Jin, Bo Li, Hua Chen, Wei Zhang, Wenjun Zeng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20487

Behavior Foundation Model: Towards Next-Generation Whole-Body Control System of Humanoid Robots
Humanoid robots are drawing significant attention as versatile platforms for complex motor control, human-robot interaction, and general-purpose physical intelligence. However, achieving efficient whole-body control (WBC) in humanoids remains a fundamental challenge due to sophisticated dynamics, underactuation, and diverse task requirements. While learning-based controllers have shown promise for complex tasks, their reliance on labor-intensive and costly retraining for new scenarios limits re…

Decompiling Smart Contracts with a Large Language Model
Isaac David, Liyi Zhou, Dawn Song, Arthur Gervais, Kaihua Qin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19624 http…

Decompiling Smart Contracts with a Large Language Model
The widespread lack of broad source code verification on blockchain explorers such as Etherscan, where despite 78,047,845 smart contracts deployed on Ethereum (as of May 26, 2025), a mere 767,520 (< 1%) are open source, presents a severe impediment to blockchain security. This opacity necessitates the automated semantic analysis of on-chain smart contract bytecode, a fundamental research challenge with direct implications for identifying vulnerabilities and understanding malicious behavior. Pre…

Holographic flavour and neural networks
Veselin G. Filev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20115 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.20115

Holographic flavour and neural networks
In holography, flavour probe branes are used to introduce fundamental matter to the AdS/CFT correspondence. At a technical level, the probes are described by extremizing the DBI action and solving the Lagrange-Euler equations of motion. I report on applications of artificial neural networks that allow direct minimization of the regularized DBI action (interpreted as a free energy) without the need to derive and solve the equations of motion. I consider, as examples, magnetic catalysis of chiral…

La logique continue des corps globalement valu\'es
Antoine Chambert-Loir
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20120 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2…

La logique continue des corps globalement valués
The continuous logic of globally valued fields -- A globally valued field is a field endowed with a family of absolute values that satisfy a product formula. Number fields and function fields in one variable give classical and fundamental examples; Nevanlinna theory also gives rise to such structures on the field of meromorphic functions on $\mathbf C$. These globally valued fields can be studied in the context of continuous logic (for which the predicates are real valued), and such a study has…

LLM-Based Social Simulations Require a Boundary
Zengqing Wu, Run Peng, Takayuki Ito, Chuan Xiao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19806 https://

LLM-Based Social Simulations Require a Boundary
This position paper argues that large language model (LLM)-based social simulations should establish clear boundaries to meaningfully contribute to social science research. While LLMs offer promising capabilities for modeling human-like agents compared to traditional agent-based modeling, they face fundamental limitations that constrain their reliability for social pattern discovery. The core issue lies in LLMs' tendency towards an ``average persona'' that lacks sufficient behavioral heterogene…

PS-WL: A Probability-Sensitive Wear Leveling scheme for SSD array scaling
Shuhang Xu, Yunfei Gu, Linhui Liu, Chentao Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19660 ht…

PS-WL: A Probability-Sensitive Wear Leveling scheme for SSD array scaling
As flash-based Solid State Drive (SSD) arrays become essential to modern data centers, scaling these arrays to meet explosive data growth is a frequent and critical operation. However, the conventional wear-leveling (WL) paradigm applied during scaling suffers from a fundamental flaw: it ignores the non-linear relationship between wear and failure probability, potentially pushing the most vulnerable, aged disks towards premature failure. To address this critical issue at its root, we propose th…

A primer on the closure of algebraic complexity classes under factoring
C. S. Bhargav, Prateek Dwivedi, Nitin Saxena
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19604 https…

A primer on the closure of algebraic complexity classes under factoring
Polynomial factorization is a fundamental problem in computational algebra. Over the past half century, a variety of algorithmic techniques have been developed to tackle different variants of this problem. In parallel, algebraic complexity theory classifies polynomials into complexity classes based on their perceived `hardness'. This raises a natural question: Do these classes afford efficient factorization? In this survey, we revisit two pivotal techniques in polynomial factorization: Hensel…

Low-Complexity Semantic Packet Aggregation for Token Communication via Lookahead Search
Seunghun Lee, Jihong Park, Jinho Choi, Hyuncheol Park
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19451

Low-Complexity Semantic Packet Aggregation for Token Communication via Lookahead Search
Tokens are fundamental processing units of generative AI (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs), and token communication (TC) is essential for enabling remote AI-generate content (AIGC) and wireless LLM applications. Unlike traditional bits, each of which is independently treated, the semantics of each token depends on its surrounding context tokens. This inter-token dependency makes TC vulnerable to outage channels, where the loss of a single token can significantly distort the original mess…

Distinguishing Filling Invariants Associated to Conjugacy in Groups
Conan Gillis, Timothy Riley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19264 https://

Distinguishing Filling Invariants Associated to Conjugacy in Groups
Brick and Corson introduced annular Dehn functions in 1998 to quantify the conjugacy problem for finitely generated groups and gave the fundamental relationships between it, the Dehn function, and the conjugator length function. We furnish the theory with diverse examples groups. In particular, we show that these three invariants are independent -- no two of the three functions determine the other.

Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?
Mehdi Monemi, Mehdi Rasti, Omid Yazdani, Onel Lopez, Matti Latva-aho
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19381

Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?
Beam squint poses a fundamental challenge in wideband hybrid beamforming, particularly for mmWave and THz systems that demand both ultra-wide bandwidth and high directional beams. While conventional phase shifter-based beamformers may offer partial mitigation, True Time Delay (TTD) units provide a fundamentally more effective solution by enabling frequency-independent beam steering. However, the high cost of TTD units has recently driven much interest in Sparse-TTD architectures, which combine …

Detectability of dark matter density distribution via gravitational waves from binary black holes in the Galactic center
Zhijin Li, Xiao Guo, Zhoujian Cao, Yun-Long Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19327

Detectability of dark matter density distribution via gravitational waves from binary black holes in the Galactic center
The fundamental nature of dark matter (DM) remains unknown, with significant uncertainties in its density profile. DM environments surrounding massive binary black holes (BBHs) modify their orbital dynamics, thereby altering gravitational wave (GW) emissions. For BBH systems at the Galactic Center, dynamical friction induced by DM spikes could produce detectable deviations in GW spectra, potentially observable by future space-based detectors. To address the uncertainties in the Galactic Center'…

A Robust Method for Pitch Tracking in the Frequency Following Response using Harmonic Amplitude Summation Filterbank
Sajad Sadeghkhani, Maryam Karimi Boroujeni, Hilmi R. Dajani, Saeid R. Seydnejad, Christian Gigu\`ere
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19253

A Robust Method for Pitch Tracking in the Frequency Following Response using Harmonic Amplitude Summation Filterbank
The Frequency Following Response (FFR) reflects the brain's neural encoding of auditory stimuli including speech. Because the fundamental frequency (F0), a physical correlate of pitch, is one of the essential features of speech, there has been particular interest in characterizing the FFR at F0, especially when F0 varies over time. The standard method for extracting F0 in FFRs has been the Autocorrelation Function (ACF). This paper investigates harmonic-structure-based F0 estimation algorithms,…

Multi-boson splashes at future colliders from electroweak compositeness
G. Cacciapaglia, A. Deandrea, A. M. Iyer, S. Kulkarni, A. K Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19413

Multi-boson splashes at future colliders from electroweak compositeness
We propose a new collider signature for the composite origin of the electroweak symmetry breaking of the standard model. The Higgs sector consists of new fundamental fermions (hyper-quarks), which confine at a hadronization scale $Λ_{HC} \sim$ few TeV. At energies above $Λ_{HC}$, the Drell-Yan production of the hyper-quarks leads to the production of a few electroweak bosons, in analogy with hadron production in QCD at $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ around a few GeV. We show that this regime can be pr…

A Large Outburst, Coma Asymmetries, and the Color of Comet 243P/NEAT
Michael S. P. Kelley, Silvia Protopapa, Dennis Bodewits, Aren N. Heinze, Youssef Moulane, Quanzhi Ye, Bryce Bolin, Simon Conseil, Tony L. Farnham, Lori Feaga, Xing Gao, Chih-Hao Hsia, Emmanuel Jehin, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, Russ R. Laher, Tim Lister, Frank J. Masci, Josiah Purdum, Bin Yang

A Large Outburst, Coma Asymmetries, and the Color of Comet 243P/NEAT
Water ice is a fundamental building material of comets and other bodies in the outer solar system. Yet, the properties of cometary water ice are challenging to study, due to its volatility and the typical distances at which comets are observed. Cometary outbursts, impulsive mass-loss events that can liberate large amounts of material, offer opportunities to directly observe and characterize cometary water ice. We present a study of comet 243P/NEAT, instigated by a $-3$ mag outburst that occurre…

Do psychic cells generate consciousness?
Mototaka Suzuki, Jaan Aru
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20164 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.20164

Do psychic cells generate consciousness?
Technological advances in the past decades have begun to enable neuroscientists to address fundamental questions about consciousness in an unprecedented way. Here we review remarkable recent progress in our understanding of cellular-level mechanisms of conscious processing in the brain. Of particular interest are the cortical pyramidal neurons -- or "psychic cells" called by Ramón y Cajal more than 100 years ago -- which have an intriguing cellular mechanism that accounts for selective disrupt…

Orbital chiral lasing in twisted bilayer metasurfaces
Mingjin Wang (Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Beijing, China, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China, College of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China…

Orbital chiral lasing in twisted bilayer metasurfaces
Chirality is a fundamental concept in physics that underpins various phenomena in nonlinear optics, quantum physics, and topological photonics. Although the spin of a photon naturally brings chirality, orbital angular momentum can also become chirally active in the structures with a broken mirror symmetry. Here, we observe orbital chiral lasing from a twisted bilayer photonic structure leveraging its inherent structural chirality. Specifically, we design and fabricate a Moire-type optical struc…

Evolutionary dynamics of pairwise and group cooperation in heterogeneous social networks
Dini Wang, Peng Yi, Gang Yan, Feng Fu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19996

Evolutionary dynamics of pairwise and group cooperation in heterogeneous social networks
Understanding how cooperation evolves in structured populations remains a fundamental question across diverse disciplines. The problem of cooperation typically involves pairwise or group interactions among individuals. While prior studies have extensively investigated the role of networks in shaping cooperative dynamics, the influence of tie or connection strengths between individuals has not been fully understood. Here, we introduce a quenched mean-field based framework for analyzing both pair…

Investigating silicate, carbon, and water in the diffuse interstellar medium: the first shots from WISCI
S. T. Zeegers, Jonathan P. Marshall, Karl D. Gordon, Karl A. Misselt, G. P. P. L. Otten, Jeroen Bouwman, Jean Chiar, Marjorie Decleir, Thavisha Dharmawardena, F. Kemper, Aigen Li, Mayank Narang, Alexey Potapov, Manoj Puravankara, Peter Scicluna, Himanshu Tyagi, Eleonora Zari, ChuanYu Wei, Lex Kaper, Frank Backs, Stefan T. Bromley, Laurie Chu, Elisa Costantini, T. R. Geballe, Joel D.…

Investigating silicate, carbon, and water in the diffuse interstellar medium: the first shots from WISCI
The dusty interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way is distributed in a complex, cloudy structure. It is fundamental to the radiation balance within the Milky Way, provides a reaction surface to form complex molecules, and is the feedstock for future generations of stars and planets. The life cycle of interstellar dust is not completely understood, and neither are its structure nor composition. The abundance, composition, and structure of dust in the diffuse ISM can be determined by combining …

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths
Lasse Leskel\"a, Maximilien Dreveton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20325

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths
Markov chains are fundamental models for stochastic dynamics, with applications in a wide range of areas such as population dynamics, queueing systems, reinforcement learning, and Monte Carlo methods. Estimating the transition matrix and stationary distribution from observed sample paths is a core statistical challenge, particularly when multiple independent trajectories are available. While classical theory typically assumes identical chains with known stationary distributions, real-world data…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04146 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXi…

Nonlocally coupled moisture model for convective self-aggregation
Clouds play a central role in climate physics by interacting with precipitation, radiation, and circulation. Despite being a fundamental issue in convective organization, the self-aggregation of clouds lacks a theoretical explanation due to its complexity. In this study, we introduce an idealized mathematical model where the system's state is represented solely by the vertically integrated water vapor content of atmospheric columns under the weak temperature gradient approximation. By analyzing…

The fundamental problem of risk prediction for individuals: health AI, uncertainty, and personalized medicine
Lasai Barre\~nada, Ewout W Steyerberg, Dirk Timmerman, Doranne Thomassen, Laure Wynants, Ben Van Calster
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17141

The fundamental problem of risk prediction for individuals: health AI, uncertainty, and personalized medicine
Background: Clinical prediction models for a health condition are commonly evaluated regarding performance for a population, although decisions are made for individuals. The classic view relates uncertainty in risk estimates for individuals to sample size (estimation uncertainty) but uncertainty can also be caused by model uncertainty (variability in modeling choices) and applicability uncertainty (variability in measurement procedures and between populations). Methods: We used real and synthet…

Single-event neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy with a petawatt-laser-driven neutron source
M. A. Mill\'an-Callado, S. Scheuren, A. Alejo, J. Benlliure, R. Beyer, T. E. Cowan, B. Fern\'andez, E. Griesmayer, A. R. Junghans, J. Kohl, F. Kroll, J. Metzkes-Ng, I. Prencipe, J. M. Quesada, M. Rehwald, C. R\"odel, T. Rodr\'iguez-Gonz\'alez, U. Schramm, M. Roth, R. Stefanikova, S. Urlass, C. Weiss, K. Zeil, T. Ziegler, C. Guerrero

Single-event neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy with a petawatt-laser-driven neutron source
Fast neutron-induced nuclear reactions are crucial for advancing our understanding of fundamental nuclear processes, stellar nucleosynthesis, and applications, including reactor safety, medical isotope production, and materials research. With many research reactors being phased out, compact accelerator-based neutron sources are becoming increasingly important. Laser-driven neutron sources (LDNSs) offer unique advantages -- ultrashort neutron pulsees for superior energy resolution, high per-puls…

TRMAC: A Time-Reversal-based MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks within Computing Packages
Ama Bandara, Abhijit Das, Fatima Rodriguez-Galan, Eduard Alarcon, Sergi Abadal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19487

TRMAC: A Time-Reversal-based MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks within Computing Packages
As chiplet-based integration and many-core architectures become the norm in high-performance computing, on-chip wireless communication has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional interconnects. However, scalable Medium Access Control (MAC) remains a fundamental challenge, particularly under dense traffic and limited spectral resources. This paper presents TRMAC, a novel cross-layer MAC protocol that exploits the spatial focusing capability of Time Reversal (TR) to enable multiple par…

Distributed Quantum Inner Product Estimation with Low-Depth Circuits
Congcong Zheng, Kun Wang, Xutao Yu, Ping Xu, Zaichen Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19574

Distributed Quantum Inner Product Estimation with Low-Depth Circuits
Distributed inner product estimation (DIPE) is a fundamental task in quantum information, aiming to estimate the inner product between two unknown quantum states prepared on distributed quantum platforms. Existing rigorous sample complexity analyses are limited to unitary $4$-designs, which present practical challenges for near-term quantum devices. This work addresses this challenge by exploring DIPE with low-depth quantum circuits. We first establish that DIPE with an arbitrary unitary $2$-de…

Winner of the 2025 Alonzo Church Award

The 2025 Alonzo Church Award for Outstanding Contributions to Logic and Computation is presented to Paul Blain Levy for his fundamental study of effectful λ-calculi through the Call-by-Push-Value calculus.
Initiated by Alonzo Church, the research programme into the λ-calculus as an abstract model of computation has spurred volumes of fundamental research in logic and computation. By the end of the 20th century, the studies of the λ-cal…

How Robust is Model Editing after Fine-Tuning? An Empirical Study on Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Feng He, Zhenyang Liu, Marco Valentino, Zhixue Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18428

How Robust is Model Editing after Fine-Tuning? An Empirical Study on Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Model editing offers a low-cost technique to inject or correct a particular behavior in a pre-trained model without extensive retraining, supporting applications such as factual correction and bias mitigation. Despite this common practice, it remains unknown whether edits persist after fine-tuning or whether they are inadvertently reversed. This question has fundamental practical implications. For example, if fine-tuning removes prior edits, it could serve as a defence mechanism against hidden …

Deep Learning Framework Testing via Model Mutation: How Far Are We?
Yanzhou Mu, Rong Wang, Juan Zhai, Chunrong Fang, Xiang Chen, Zhiyuan Peng, Peiran Yang, Ruixiang Qian, Shaoyu Yang, Zhenyu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17638

Deep Learning Framework Testing via Model Mutation: How Far Are We?
Deep Learning (DL) frameworks are a fundamental component of DL development. Therefore, the detection of DL framework defects is important and challenging. As one of the most widely adopted DL testing techniques, model mutation has recently gained significant attention. In this study, we revisit the defect detection ability of existing mutation-based testing methods and investigate the factors that influence their effectiveness. To begin with, we reviewed existing methods and observed that many…

On wavelet-based sampling Kantorovich operators and their study in multi-resolution analysis
Digvijay Singh, Rahul Shukla, Karunesh Kumar Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18912

On wavelet-based sampling Kantorovich operators and their study in multi-resolution analysis
In this work, wavelet-based filtering operators are constructed by introducing a basic function $D(t_1, t_2, t_3)$ using a general wavelet transform. The cardinal orthogonal scaling functions (COSF) provide an idea to derive the standard sampling theorem in multiresolution spaces which motivates us to study wavelet approximation analysis. With the help of modulus of continuity, we establish a fundamental theorem of approximation. Moreover, we unfold some other aspects in the form of an upper bo…

Infinite integrals in terms of series
Robert Reynolds
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19867 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.19867

Infinite integrals in terms of series
In this work we derive and evaluate some infinite integrals involving the product of a generalized logarithm and polynomial functions in the denominator. These integrals are expressed in terms of finite series involving the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function. We produce special cases of these integrals in terms of other special functions and fundamental constants.

Thermodynamic free energy map for the non-oxidative glycolysis pathways
Adittya Pal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19841 https://arxiv.or…

Thermodynamic free energy map for the non-oxidative glycolysis pathways
Designing reaction pathways that maximize the production of a target compound in a given metabolic network is a fundamental problem in systems biology. In this study, we systematically explore the non-oxidative glycolysis metabolic network, guided by the principle that reactions with negative Gibbs free energy differences are thermodynamically favored. We enumerate alternative pathways that implement the net non-oxidative glycolysis reaction, categorized by their length. Our analysis reveals se…

Automata on $S$-adic words
Val\'erie Berth\'e, Toghrul Karimov, Mihir Vahanwala
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17460 https://arxi…

Automata on $S$-adic words
A fundamental question in logic and verification is the following: for which unary predicates $P_1, \ldots, P_k$ is the monadic second-order theory of $\langle \mathbb{N}; <, P_1, \ldots, P_k \rangle$ decidable? Equivalently, for which infinite words $α$ can we decide whether a given Büchi automaton $A$ accepts $α$? Carton and Thomas showed decidability in case $α$ is a fixed point of a letter-to-word substitution $σ$, i.e., $σ(α) = α$. However, abundantly more words, e.g., Sturmian wor…

Nonabelian ferromagnets with three-body interactions
Alexios P. Polychronakos, Konstantinos Sfetsos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19916 https://

Nonabelian ferromagnets with three-body interactions
We study the thermodynamics of nonabelian ferromagnets consisting of atoms in the fundamental representation of $SU(N)$ and interacting with two-body and three-body interactions. An intricate phase structure emerges, depending on the relative strength and sign of the two-body and three-body coupling constants. In the case where two-body interactions are ferromagnetic and three-body ones are antiferromagnetic, we uncover a rich cascade of phase transitions, the appearance of phases with two dist…

From Representation to Mediation: A New Agenda for Conceptual Modeling Research in A Digital World
J. Recker, R. Lukyanenko, M. A. Jabbari, B. M. Samuel, A. Castellanos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18743

From Representation to Mediation: A New Agenda for Conceptual Modeling Research in A Digital World
The role of information systems (IS) as representations of real-world systems is changing in an increasingly digitalized world, suggesting that conceptual modeling is losing its relevance to the IS field. We argue the opposite: Conceptual modeling research is more relevant to the IS field than ever, but it requires an update with current theory. We develop a new theoretical framework of conceptual modeling that delivers a fundamental shift in the assumptions that govern research in this area. T…

Regular Tree Search for Simulation Optimization
Du-Yi Wang, Guo Liang, Guangwu Liu, Kun Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17696 https://

Regular Tree Search for Simulation Optimization
Tackling simulation optimization problems with non-convex objective functions remains a fundamental challenge in operations research. In this paper, we propose a class of random search algorithms, called Regular Tree Search, which integrates adaptive sampling with recursive partitioning of the search space. The algorithm concentrates simulations on increasingly promising regions by iteratively refining a tree structure. A tree search strategy guides sampling decisions, while partitioning is tri…

In one respect, many leftists/liberals are no different from the right: their reflexive, fundamental opposition to everything that comes from the other camp.
Forcing an end to Iran's nuclear program and, ideally, laying the groundwork for the Iranian people to send the mullahs to hell shouldn't be a 'controversial' issue, imo.
But some rather defend a fascist-clerical regime that executes hundreds of people every year and oppresses its population.

On the Power of Spatial Locality on Online Routing Problems
Swapnil Guragain, Gokarna Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17517 https://

On the Power of Spatial Locality on Online Routing Problems
We consider the online versions of two fundamental routing problems, traveling salesman (TSP) and dial-a-ride (DARP), which have a variety of relevant applications in logistics and robotics. The online versions of these problems concern with efficiently serving a sequence of requests presented in a real-time on-line fashion located at points of a metric space by servers (salesmen/vehicles/robots). In this paper, motivated from real-world applications, such as Uber/Lyft rides, where some limited…

CFD Modelling and Sensitivity-Guided Design of Silicon Filament CVD Reactors
G. P. Gakis, G. Loacham\'in-Suntaxi, I. G. Aviziotis, E. D. Koronaki, P. P. Filippatos, G. Chatzigiannakis, S. P. A. Bordas, D. Davazoglou, A. G. Boudouvis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18889

CFD Modelling and Sensitivity-Guided Design of Silicon Filament CVD Reactors
Filament-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for silicon (Si) coatings is often treated as a straightforward adaptation of planar deposition, just with a cylindrical substrate. But this overlooks a fundamental shift in how transport phenomena and reaction kinetics interact. In filament CVD, the filament is not just a substrate; it is the dominant heat source and flow disruptor all in one. In this work, we ask: What really governs Si film growth on filaments? Using a validated three-dimensiona…

Classical invariants of spiral knots
Sarah Blackwell, Ashish Das, Sydney Mayer, Luke Moyar, Faisal Quraishi, Ryan Stees
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17889 ht…

Classical invariants of spiral knots
Torus knots are an important family of knots about which much is understood; invariants of torus knots often exhibit nice formulas, making them convenient and fundamental building blocks for examples in knot theory. Spiral knots, defined and first studied by Brothers et al., are a braid-theoretic generalization of torus knots, but comparatively not much is known about this broader family of knots. We give a general recursive formula for the Alexander polynomials of spiral knots, and from this w…

SlimRAG: Retrieval without Graphs via Entity-Aware Context Selection
Jiale Zhang, Jiaxiang Chen, Zhucong Li, Jie Ding, Kui Zhao, Zenglin Xu, Xin Pang, Yinghui Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17288

SlimRAG: Retrieval without Graphs via Entity-Aware Context Selection
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by incorporating external knowledge at inference time. However, graph-based RAG systems often suffer from structural overhead and imprecise retrieval: they require costly pipelines for entity linking and relation extraction, yet frequently return subgraphs filled with loosely related or tangential content. This stems from a fundamental flaw -- semantic similarity does not imply semantic relevance. We introduce SlimRAG, a lightweight …

Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with DESI DR2 and Transparency
Xuwei Zhang, Xiaofeng Yang, Yunliang Ren, Shuangnan Chen, Yangjun Shi, Cheng Cheng, Xiaolong He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17926

Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with DESI DR2 and Transparency
The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation (CDDR), a fundamental assumption in modern cosmology, posits a direct link between angular diameter distance and luminosity distance. This study presents a comprehensive, model-independent, and data-driven test of the CDDR using a combination of cosmological observations, including Supernovae (SN), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and Hubble parameter ($H(z)$) measurements. We employ both Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and a novel Compressed Point (CPI…

The peak flux of long gamma-ray bursts in the E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ diagram and in the classification
Guangxuan Lan, Jean-Luc Atteia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20374

The peak flux of long gamma-ray bursts in the E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ diagram and in the classification
The E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ correlation of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) is regarded as a fundamental correlation for standardizing LGRBs to probe cosmology and constrain LGRB physics. However, this correlation may be affected by potential selection effects which are likely overlooked in the current small LGRB redshift sample. In this work, we simulate a large LGRB sample that reflects the observed situation, aiming to study the impact of peak flux $P$ on the observed LGRB E$_{\rm p,i}$--L…

Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
Te Han, Paul Robertson, Timothy D. Brandt, Shubham Kanodia, Caleb Ca\~nas, Avi Shporer, George Ricker, Corey Beard
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19985

Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
The radius of a planet is a fundamental parameter that probes its composition and habitability. Precise radius measurements are typically derived from the fraction of starlight blocked when a planet transits its host star. The wide-field Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered hundreds of new exoplanets, but its low angular resolution means that the light from a star hosting a transiting exoplanet can be blended with the light from background stars. If not fully corrected, t…

Shell effects in nuclear charge radii based on Skyrme density functionals
Rong An, Shuai Sun, Xiang Jiang, Na Tang, Li-Gang Cao, Feng-Shou Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20414

Shell effects in nuclear charge radii based on Skyrme density functionals
A unified description of the charge radii throughout the entire nuclide chart plays an essential role for our understanding of nuclear structure and fundamental nuclear interactions. In this work, the influence of new term, which catches the spirit of neutron and proton pairs condensation around Fermi surface, on the charge radii has been investigated based on the Skyrme density functionals with the effective forces SLy5 and SkM$^{*}$. The differential charge radii of even-even Ca, Ni, Sn, and …

Quantum-inspired wormholes from String T-Duality
Francisco S. N. Lobo, Manuel E. Rodrigues
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17950 https://a…

Quantum-inspired wormholes from String T-Duality
The intrinsic non-perturbative features of string-theoretic corrections, particularly those arising from T-duality, have been shown to naturally introduce an effective ultraviolet (UV) cutoff into the gravitational framework. This cutoff, often referred to as the zero-point length in the context of path integral duality, acts as a fundamental minimal length scale that regulates short-distance divergences. Using the established correspondence between T-duality and path integral duality, it has b…

A Fourier Explanation of AI-music Artifacts
Darius Afchar, Gabriel Meseguer-Brocal, Kamil Akesbi, Romain Hennequin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19108 https:/…

A Fourier Explanation of AI-music Artifacts
The rapid rise of generative AI has transformed music creation, with millions of users engaging in AI-generated music. Despite its popularity, concerns regarding copyright infringement, job displacement, and ethical implications have led to growing scrutiny and legal challenges. In parallel, AI-detection services have emerged, yet these systems remain largely opaque and privately controlled, mirroring the very issues they aim to address. This paper explores the fundamental properties of synthet…

Trump’s fundamental problem:
He and his White House seem to think that the cost of their policies
— the fallout from their effort to mold the country to fit their nativist and mercantilist obsessions
— are indirect.
Who cares about a few thousand protesters in Los Angeles or even a few million undocumented immigrants out of the more than 340 million people in the United States?
But the reality is that to harden the border and more tightly police immigration

Opinion | Well, You Certainly Wouldn’t Call It Presidential Underreach
Trump’s ambitious effort to impose his will on the country has only generated discontent and backlash.

Noncontextual Pauli Hamiltonians
Alexis Ralli, Tim Weaving, Peter J. Love
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19778 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506…

Noncontextual Pauli Hamiltonians
Contextuality is a key feature of quantum mechanics, and identification of noncontextual subtheories of quantum mechanics is of both fundamental and practical importance. Recently, noncontextual Pauli Hamiltonians have been defined in the setting of variational quantum algorithms. In this work we rigorously establish a number of properties of noncontextual Pauli Hamiltonians. We prove that these Hamiltonians can be composed of more Pauli operators than diagonal Hamiltonians. This establishes th…

Timecube guy's getting hammered in a dive bar RN.
https://phys.org/news/2025-06-theory-dimensions-space-secondary-effect.amp

New theory proposes time has three dimensions, with space as a secondary effect
Time, not space plus time, might be the single fundamental property in which all physical phenomena occur, according to a new theory by a University of Alaska Fairbanks scientist.

David Hogg splits from DNC in 'fundamental disagreement' over party's direction (Brittany Shepherd/ABC News)
https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/david-hogg-splits-dnc-fundamental-disagreement-partys-direction/story?id=122754956
http://www.memeorandum.com/250611/p169#a250611p169

Auto-Regressive Surface Cutting
Yang Li, Victor Cheung, Xinhai Liu, Yuguang Chen, Zhongjin Luo, Biwen Lei, Haohan Weng, Zibo Zhao, Jingwei Huang, Zhuo Chen, Chunchao Guo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18017

Auto-Regressive Surface Cutting
Surface cutting is a fundamental task in computer graphics, with applications in UV parameterization, texture mapping, and mesh decomposition. However, existing methods often produce technically valid but overly fragmented atlases that lack semantic coherence. We introduce SeamGPT, an auto-regressive model that generates cutting seams by mimicking professional workflows. Our key technical innovation lies in formulating surface cutting as a next token prediction task: sample point clouds on mesh…

Discovery of magnon self-interaction in a strongly driven antiferromagnet
David Rohrbach, Zhuquan Zhang, Takayuki Kurihara, Keith A. Nelson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19040

Discovery of magnon self-interaction in a strongly driven antiferromagnet
Nonlinear dynamics govern a wide array of natural phenomena and are essential for understanding nonequilibrium behaviors in condensed matter systems. In magnetically ordered materials, magnons - the quanta of spin waves - exhibit intrinsic nonlinearities that are of great interest in fundamental research and practical applications. Despite progress in the nonlinear control of magnon modes in antiferromagnetic materials, the transition from perturbative to non-perturbative regimes of magnon cohe…

Stochastic stability of physical measures in conservative systems
Weiwei Qi, Zhongwei Shen, Yingfei Yi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17598 https://

Stochastic stability of physical measures in conservative systems
Given the significance of physical measures in understanding the complexity of dynamical systems as well as the noisy nature of real-world systems, investigating the stability of physical measures under noise perturbations is undoubtedly a fundamental issue in both theory and practice. The present paper is devoted to the stochastic stability of physical measures for conservative systems on a smooth, connected, and closed Riemannian manifold. It is assumed that a conservative system admits an …

To Flow or Not To Flow? The granular Bond number to predict clogging in low gravity
Oliver Gaida, Olfa D'Angelo, Jonathan E. Kollmer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18771

To Flow or Not To Flow? The granular Bond number to predict clogging in low gravity
In granular hopper flow, is the clogging probability influenced by gravity? Clogging, the spontaneous arrest of granular flow through a constriction, is a fundamental and widespread phenomenon in granular processing. Accurately predicting clogging risk is essential for space-related activities. Yet, conflicting results leave us without a reliable way to extrapolate terrestrial data to low gravity. We introduce an in-bulk definition of the dimensionless granular Bond number, B, to scale clogging…

Particle-in-cell simulations of plasma wakefield formation in microwave waveguides
Jes\'us E. L\'opez, Eduardo A. Orozco
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17752

Particle-in-cell simulations of plasma wakefield formation in microwave waveguides
The acceleration of charged particles is fundamental not only for experimental studies in particle physics but also for applications in fields such as semiconductor manufacturing and medical therapies. However, conventional accelerators face limitations due to their large size, driven by low acceleration gradients. Plasma-based accelerators have emerged as a promising alternative, offering ultrahigh acceleration gradients, though their implementation is often limited by the need for high-intens…

Neural Polar Decoders for DNA Data Storage
Ziv Aharoni, Henry D. Pfister
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17076 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.…

Neural Polar Decoders for DNA Data Storage
Synchronization errors, such as insertions and deletions, present a fundamental challenge in DNA-based data storage systems, arising from both synthesis and sequencing noise. These channels are often modeled as insertion-deletion-substitution (IDS) channels, for which designing maximum-likelihood decoders is computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a data-driven approach based on neural polar decoders (NPDs) to design low-complexity decoders for channels with synchronization errors. …

Chimera baryons and mesons on the lattice: a spectral density analysis
Ed Bennett, Luigi Del Debbio, Niccol\`o Forzano, Ryan Hill, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, Jong-Wan Lee, C. -J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Alessandro Lupo, Maurizio Piai, Davide Vadacchino, Fabian Zierler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19804

Chimera baryons and mesons on the lattice: a spectral density analysis
We develop and test a spectral-density analysis method, based on the introduction of smeared energy kernels, to extract physical information from two-point correlation functions computed numerically in lattice field theory. We apply it to a $Sp(4)$ gauge theory and fermion matter fields transforming in distinct representations, with $N_{\rm f}=2$ Dirac fermions in the fundamental and $N_{\rm as}=3$ in the 2-index antisymmetric representation. The corresponding continuum theory provides the mini…

The fundamental theorem of the local theory for non-smooth curves
Domenico Mucci, Alberto Saracco
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12564 https://

The fundamental theorem of the local theory for non-smooth curves
We extend the classical fundamental theorem of the local theory of smooth curves to a wider class of non-smooth data. Curvature and torsion are prescribed in terms of the distributional derivative measures of two given functions of bounded variation. The essentially unique non-smooth curve solution has both finite total curvature and total absolute torsion. In case of continuous data, we preliminarly discuss a more general problem involving a linear system of distributional derivative equations.

Probing universal phase diagram of dimensional crossover with an atomic quantum simulator
Jinyuan Tian, Zhongcheng Yu, Jing Liu, Chi-Kin Lai, Lorenzo Pizzino, Chengyang Wu, Hongmian Shui, Thierry Giamarchi, Hepeng Yao, Xiaoji Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18464

Probing universal phase diagram of dimensional crossover with an atomic quantum simulator
Dimensionality is a fundamental concept in physics, which plays a hidden but crucial role in various domains, including condensed matter physics, relativity and string theory, statistical physics, etc. In quantum physics, reducing dimensionality usually enhances fluctuations and leads to novel properties. Owing to these effects, quantum simulators in which dimensionality can be controlled have emerged as a new area of interest. However, such a platform has only been studied in specific regimes …

Bispectrum Islands
Claudia de Rham, Sadra Jazayeri, Andrew J. Tolley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19198 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.1919…

Bispectrum Islands
Inspired by the amplitude bootstrap program, the spirit of this work is to constrain the space of consistent inflationary correlation functions - specifically, the bispectrum of curvature perturbations - using fundamental principles such as unitarity, locality, analyticity, and symmetries. To this end, we assume a setup for inflation in which de Sitter isometries are only mildly broken by the slow roll of the inflaton field, and study the bispectrum imprinted by a generic hidden sector during i…

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Bernoulli-Trial Collisions Families in Treating Rarefied Micro Flows and Hypersonic Flows
Ahmad Shoja-sani, Maryam Javani, Ehsan Roohi, Stefan Stefanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17256

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Bernoulli-Trial Collisions Families in Treating Rarefied Micro Flows and Hypersonic Flows
The collision process is essential to the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, as it incorporates the fundamental principles of the Boltzmann and Kac stochastic equations. A series of collision algorithms, known as the Bernoulli-trials (BT) family schemes, have been proposed based on the Kac stochastic equation. The impetus of this paper is to present a comprehensive evaluation of different BT-based collision partner selection schemes, including the simplified Bernoulli-trials (SBT), ge…

Isomorphism of \'etale fundamental groups lifts to isomorphism of stratified fundamental group
Indranil Biswas, Manish Kumar, A. J. Parameswaran
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03829

Isomorphism of étale fundamental groups lifts to isomorphism of stratified fundamental group
It is shown that if a finite generically smooth morphism $f\,:\,Y\,\longrightarrow\, X$ of smooth projective varieties induces an isomorphism of the étale fundamental groups, then the induced map of the stratified fundamental groups $π_1^{str}(f)\, :\, π_1^{str}(Y,\, y)\,\longrightarrow\, π_1^{str}(X,\, f(y))$ is also an isomorphism.

Controlling Effective Hamiltonians: Broadband Pulsed Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by Constrained Random Walk and Non-linear Optimization
Anders B. Nielsen, Jose P. Carvalho, Nino Wili, Filip V. Jensen, David L. Goodwin, Thomas S. Untidt, Zdenek Tosner, Niels Chr. Nielsen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18101

Controlling Effective Hamiltonians: Broadband Pulsed Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by Constrained Random Walk and Non-linear Optimization
We present constrained random walk (cRW) and figure of merit (FOM) based non-linear optimization procedures for systematic design and fundamental understanding of magnetic resonance experiments dressing bilinear and linear effective Hamiltonians to provide broadband polarization transfer. cRW can be used directly for fast random experiment design, or in combination with non-linear optimization or optimal control, leveraging the optimization of a FOM function for efficient control of linear and …

NOVA: Navigation via Object-Centric Visual Autonomy for High-Speed Target Tracking in Unstructured GPS-Denied Environments
Alessandro Saviolo, Giuseppe Loianno
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18689

NOVA: Navigation via Object-Centric Visual Autonomy for High-Speed Target Tracking in Unstructured GPS-Denied Environments
Autonomous aerial target tracking in unstructured and GPS-denied environments remains a fundamental challenge in robotics. Many existing methods rely on motion capture systems, pre-mapped scenes, or feature-based localization to ensure safety and control, limiting their deployment in real-world conditions. We introduce NOVA, a fully onboard, object-centric framework that enables robust target tracking and collision-aware navigation using only a stereo camera and an IMU. Rather than constructing…

May the Feedback Be with You! Unlocking the Power of Feedback-Driven Deep Learning Framework Fuzzing via LLMs
Shaoyu Yang, Chunrong Fang, Haifeng Lin, Xiang Chen, Zhenyu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17642

May the Feedback Be with You! Unlocking the Power of Feedback-Driven Deep Learning Framework Fuzzing via LLMs
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Infrastructures, represented by Deep Learning (DL) frameworks, have served as fundamental DL systems over the last decade. However, the bugs in DL frameworks could lead to catastrophic consequences in some critical scenarios (e.g., healthcare and autonomous driving). A simple yet effective way to find bugs in DL frameworks is fuzz testing (Fuzzing). Unfortunately, existing fuzzing techniques have not comprehensively considered multiple types of feedback. Additionall…

(Re)-Defining Planets -- the Fundamental Plane of Planets
Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh, Arkil D. Parikh, Margarita Safonova, Bernard Foing
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16063

(Re)-Defining Planets -- the Fundamental Plane of Planets
6000+ exoplanets are now detected using various techniques, with estimates of billions of planets existing in our Galaxy alone. They are called super-Earths, hot Earths, mini-Neptunes, hot Neptunes, sub-Neptunes, Saturns, Jupiters, hot Jupiters, gas giants, ice giants, rocky, terran, subterran, superterran, and so on. This prompted the emergence of many recent works on taxonomy, or classification, of exoplanets. However, there is still no basic, fundamental definition of 'What is a planet?'. IA…

High-Efficiency Tunable Microwave Photon Detector Based on a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Coupled to a Superconducting High-Impedance Cavity
Fabian Oppliger, Wonjin Jang, Aldo Tarascio, Franco De Palma, Christian Reichl, Werner Wegscheider, Ville F. Maisi, Dominik Zumb\"uhl, Pasquale Scarlino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.…

High-Efficiency Tunable Microwave Photon Detector Based on a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Coupled to a Superconducting High-Impedance Cavity
High-efficiency single-photon detection in the microwave domain is a key enabling technology for quantum sensing, communication, and information processing. However, the extremely low energy of microwave photons (~μeV) presents a fundamental challenge, preventing direct photon-to-charge conversion as achieved in optical systems using semiconductors. Semiconductor quantum dot (QD) charge qubits offer a compelling solution due to their highly tunable energy levels in the microwave regime, enabli…

Optimizing Mastery Learning by Fast-Forwarding Over-Practice Steps
Meng Xia, Robin Schmucker, Conrad Borchers, Vincent Aleven
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17577

Optimizing Mastery Learning by Fast-Forwarding Over-Practice Steps
Mastery learning improves learning proficiency and efficiency. However, the overpractice of skills--students spending time on skills they have already mastered--remains a fundamental challenge for tutoring systems. Previous research has reduced overpractice through the development of better problem selection algorithms and the authoring of focused practice tasks. However, few efforts have concentrated on reducing overpractice through step-level adaptivity, which can avoid resource-intensive cur…

Coherent Track-Before-Detect
Mingchao Liang, Florian Meyer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18177 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.18177

Coherent Track-Before-Detect
Accurately tracking an unknown and time-varying number of objects in complex environments is a significant challenge but a fundamental capability in a variety of applications, including applied ocean sciences, surveillance, autonomous driving, and wireless communications. Conventional Bayesian multiobject tracking (MOT) methods typically employ a detect-then-track (DTT) approach, where a frontend detector preprocesses raw sensor data to extract measurements for MOT. The irreversible nature of t…

Structural Optimal Jacobian Accumulation and Minimum Edge Count are NP-Complete Under Vertex Elimination
Matthias Bentert, Alex Crane, P{\aa}l Gr{\o}n{\aa}s Drange, Yosuke Mizutani, Blair D. Sullivan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17521

Structural Optimal Jacobian Accumulation and Minimum Edge Count are NP-Complete Under Vertex Elimination
We study graph-theoretic formulations of two fundamental problems in algorithmic differentiation. The first (Structural Optimal Jacobian Accumulation) is that of computing a Jacobian while minimizing multiplications. The second (Minimum Edge Count) is to find a minimum-size computational graph. For both problems, we consider the vertex elimination operation. Our main contribution is to show that both problems are NP-complete, thus resolving longstanding open questions. In contrast to prior work…

On the reconstruction map in JT gravity
Chris Akers, Andrew Lucas, Amit Vikram
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18975 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

On the reconstruction map in JT gravity
An open question in AdS/CFT is how to reconstruct semiclassical bulk operators precisely enough that non-perturbative quantum effects can be computed. We propose a set of physically-motivated requirements for such a reconstruction map, and explicitly construct a map satisfying these requirements in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. Our map is found by canonically quantizing "action-angle" variables for JT gravity, which are chosen to ensure that the spectrum of the fundamental quantum theory matc…

The fine structure constant: a review of measurement results and possible space-time variations
K. A. Bronnikov, V. D. Ivashchuk, V. V. Khruschov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18328 …

The fine structure constant: a review of measurement results and possible space-time variations
A brief description of the main methods for determining the fine structure constant is given. It is shown that the exact value of the fine structure constant is important for the new International System of Units (SI) and for fundamental metrology. Recent measurement results and theoretical calculations of the fine structure constant, as well as its possible space-time variations, are presented. The results of laboratory experiments on the search for long-term variations of the fine structure c…

The Zeta Tail Distribution: A Novel Event-Count Model
Michael R. Powers
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17496 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.1…

The Zeta Tail Distribution: A Novel Event-Count Model
We introduce the Zeta Tail(a) probability distribution as a new model for random damage-event counts in risk analysis. Although readily motivated through a natural relationship with the Geometric(p) distribution, Zeta Tail(a) has received little attention in the scholarly literature. In the present work, we begin by deriving various fundamental properties of this novel distribution. We then assess its usefulness as an alternative to Geometric(p) for event-count data.

The Relationship between Cognition and Computation: "Global-first" Cognition versus Local-first Computation
Lin Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17970

The Relationship between Cognition and Computation: "Global-first" Cognition versus Local-first Computation
What fundamental research questions are essential for advancing toward brain-like AI or AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) capable of performing any intellectual task a human can? Should it be something like the Turing machine (1936), which answers the question "What is computation?" and lays the foundation for the entire field of computer science? Or should it be something like Shannon's mathematical theory of communication (1948), which answers the question "What is information?" and forms…

CLEAR-3K: Assessing Causal Explanatory Capabilities in Language Models
Naiming Liu, Richard Baraniuk, Shashank Sonkar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17180 http…

CLEAR-3K: Assessing Causal Explanatory Capabilities in Language Models
We introduce CLEAR-3K, a dataset of 3,000 assertion-reasoning questions designed to evaluate whether language models can determine if one statement causally explains another. Each question present an assertion-reason pair and challenge language models to distinguish between semantic relatedness and genuine causal explanatory relationships. Through comprehensive evaluation of 21 state-of-the-art language models (ranging from 0.5B to 72B parameters), we identify two fundamental findings. First, l…

LMR-BENCH: Evaluating LLM Agent's Ability on Reproducing Language Modeling Research
Shuo Yan, Ruochen Li, Ziming Luo, Zimu Wang, Daoyang Li, Liqiang Jing, Kaiyu He, Peilin Wu, George Michalopoulos, Yue Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Mian Zhang, Zhiyu Chen, Xinya Du
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17335…

LMR-BENCH: Evaluating LLM Agent's Ability on Reproducing Language Modeling Research
Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in advancing scientific discovery. However, their capability in the fundamental yet crucial task of reproducing code from research papers, especially in the NLP domain, remains underexplored. This task includes unique complex reasoning challenges in the intellectual synthesis of abstract concepts and the comprehension of code repositories with interdependent files. Motivated by this gap, we present LMR-BENCH, a benchmark d…

Efficient and High-Accuracy Ray Tracing in Discretized Ionospheric Models
Qinglin Li, Wen Liu, Zhigang Zhang, Fengjuan Sun, Rong Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18579

Efficient and High-Accuracy Ray Tracing in Discretized Ionospheric Models
The complex ionospheric medium poses a fundamental trade-off between accuracy and efficiency in high-frequency (HF) ray tracing. This paper introduces a high-fidelity ray tracing model (RTM) employing a C1-continuous Galerkin-Difference (GD) interpolation strategy for three-dimensional electron density reconstruction. RTM-GD ensures analytically smooth gradients, significantly enhancing gradient continuity, numerical stability, and computational efficiency in Hamiltonian-based ray tracing. We d…

No apparent forbidden/permitted narrow emission lines in the broad line quasar SDSS J1251 0613
Zhang XueGuang (GXU)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18400 https:…

No apparent forbidden/permitted narrow emission lines in the broad line quasar SDSS J1251+0613
Strong both broad and narrow emission lines from central broad emission line regions (BLRs) and narrow emission line regions (NLRs) are fundamental spectroscopic characteristics of broad line Active Galactic Nuclei (BLAGNs). Lack of central BLRs leads to the identified true Type-2 AGNs without central hidden BLRs, providing clues on formation/suppression of AGN BLRs. Whether were there BLAGNs with lack of central NLRs is still an open question. Here, in the blue quasar SDSS J1251+0613, both blu…

What You Think Is What You Get: Bridge User Intent and Transfer Function Design through Multimodal Large Language Models
Yiyao Wang, Bo Pan, Ke Wang, Han Liu, Jinyuan Mao, Yuxin Liu, Minfeng Zhu, Bo Zhang, Weifeng Chen, Xiuqi Huang, Wei Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18407

What You Think Is What You Get: Bridge User Intent and Transfer Function Design through Multimodal Large Language Models
Direct volume rendering (DVR) is a fundamental technique for visualizing volumetric data, with transfer functions (TFs) playing a crucial role in extracting meaningful structures. However, designing effective TFs remains unintuitive due to the semantic gap between user intent and TF parameter space. Researchers have developed numerous TF optimization methods to bridge this gap. However, existing methods still face two challenges: large exploration space and weak generalizability. To address the…

A Study of Synchronization Methods for Concurrent Size
Hen Kas-Sharir, Gal Sela, Erez Petrank
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16350 https://

A Study of Synchronization Methods for Concurrent Size
The size of collections, maps, and data structures in general, constitutes a fundamental property. An implementation of the size method is required in most programming environments. Nevertheless, in a concurrent environment, integrating a linearizable concurrent size introduces a noticeable overhead on all operations of the data structure, even when the size method is not invoked during the execution. In this work we present a study of synchronization methods in an attempt to improve the perfor…

Morphoelastic ribbons: Differential growth-induced curvature and torsion
Hao Liu, Mingwu Li, Dabiao Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17604 https://

Morphoelastic ribbons: Differential growth-induced curvature and torsion
Natural slender structures, such as plant leaves, petals, and tendrils, often exhibit complex three-dimensional (3D) morphologies-including twisting, helical coiling, and saddle-bending-driven by differential growth. The resulting internal stresses are partially relieved through the development of intrinsic curvature and torsion. The fundamental challenge lies in effectively correlating microscopic growth fields to the macroscopic shapes and mechanical responses of the ribbon structures. Howeve…

From Local Interactions to Global Operators: Scalable Gaussian Process Operator for Physical Systems
Sawan Kumar, Tapas Tripura, Rajdip Nayek, Souvik Chakraborty
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15906

From Local Interactions to Global Operators: Scalable Gaussian Process Operator for Physical Systems
Operator learning offers a powerful paradigm for solving parametric partial differential equations (PDEs), but scaling probabilistic neural operators such as the recently proposed Gaussian Processes Operators (GPOs) to high-dimensional, data-intensive regimes remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a novel, scalable GPO, which capitalizes on sparsity, locality, and structural information through judicious kernel design. Addressing the fundamental limitation of cubic computat…

Large Language Models -- the Future of Fundamental Physics?
Caroline Heneka, Florian Nieser, Ayodele Ore, Tilman Plehn, Daniel Schiller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14757

Large Language Models -- the Future of Fundamental Physics?
For many fundamental physics applications, transformers, as the state of the art in learning complex correlations, benefit from pretraining on quasi-out-of-domain data. The obvious question is whether we can exploit Large Language Models, requiring proper out-of-domain transfer learning. We show how the Qwen2.5 LLM can be used to analyze and generate SKA data, specifically 3D maps of the cosmological large-scale structure for a large part of the observable Universe. We combine the LLM with conn…

The Democratic Paradox in Large Language Models' Underestimation of Press Freedom
I. Loaiza, R. Vestrelli, A. Fronzetti Colladon, R. Rigobon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18045

The Democratic Paradox in Large Language Models' Underestimation of Press Freedom
As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly mediate global information access for millions of users worldwide, their alignment and biases have the potential to shape public understanding and trust in fundamental democratic institutions, such as press freedom. In this study, we uncover three systematic distortions in the way six popular LLMs evaluate press freedom in 180 countries compared to expert assessments of the World Press Freedom Index (WPFI). The six LLMs exhibit a negative misalignmen…

Skewness-Kurtosis: small samples and power-law behavior
Carlo De Michele, Samuele De Bartolo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16906 https://

Skewness-Kurtosis: small samples and power-law behavior
Skewness and kurtosis are fundamental statistical moments commonly used to quantify asymmetry and tail behavior in probability distributions. Despite their widespread application in statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, and complex systems, important aspects of their empirical behavior remain unclear, particularly in small samples and in relation to their hypothesized power law scaling. In this work, we address both issues using a combination of empirical and synthetic data. First, w…

Trump’s tax policy encourages the very offshoring that his tariffs are intended to stop.
Take the more than $600 billion pharmaceutical industry.
Over the past few months, Trump and his associates have repeatedly criticized companies’ moves to offshore much drug making,
particularly to Ireland.
“We can’t be beholden and rely upon foreign countries for fundamental things that we need,” Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said on April 13.
But the tax incentives i…

Opinion | Trump’s ‘Beautiful Bill’ Actually Pushes Manufacturing Abroad
A loophole in Trump’s policy bill would continue to encourage offshoring.

Co-evolution of cosmic ray energy spectra, composition, and anisotropies
Bing-Qiang Qiao, Qiang Yuan, Yi-Qing Guo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18118 https://…

Co-evolution of cosmic ray energy spectra, composition, and anisotropies
The origin of cosmic rays remains an unresolved fundamental problem in astrophysics. The synergy of multiple observational probes, including the energy spectra, the mass composition, and anisotropy is a viable way to jointly uncover this mystery. In this work, we propose that the energy-dependent of those observables in a wide energy range, from $O(10)$ GeV to ultrahigh energies of $10^{11}$ GeV, share quite a few correlated features, indicating a strong co-evolution which could be a consequenc…

ISAC Network Planning: Sensing Coverage Analysis and 3-D BS Deployment Optimization
Kaitao Meng, Kawon Han, Christos Masouros, Lajos Hanzo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18009

ISAC Network Planning: Sensing Coverage Analysis and 3-D BS Deployment Optimization
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks strive to deliver both high-precision target localization and high-throughput data services across the entire coverage area. In this work, we examine the fundamental trade-off between sensing and communication from the perspective of base station (BS) deployment. Furthermore, we conceive a design that simultaneously maximizes the target localization coverage, while guaranteeing the desired communication performance. In contrast to existing sc…

From Generality to Mastery: Composer-Style Symbolic Music Generation via Large-Scale Pre-training
Mingyang Yao, Ke Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17497 ht…

From Generality to Mastery: Composer-Style Symbolic Music Generation via Large-Scale Pre-training
Despite progress in controllable symbolic music generation, data scarcity remains a challenge for certain control modalities. Composer-style music generation is a prime example, as only a few pieces per composer are available, limiting the modeling of both styles and fundamental music elements (e.g., melody, chord, rhythm). In this paper, we investigate how general music knowledge learned from a broad corpus can enhance the mastery of specific composer styles, with a focus on piano piece genera…

Learning Accurate Whole-body Throwing with High-frequency Residual Policy and Pullback Tube Acceleration
Yuntao Ma, Yang Liu, Kaixian Qu, Marco Hutter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16986

Learning Accurate Whole-body Throwing with High-frequency Residual Policy and Pullback Tube Acceleration
Throwing is a fundamental skill that enables robots to manipulate objects in ways that extend beyond the reach of their arms. We present a control framework that combines learning and model-based control for prehensile whole-body throwing with legged mobile manipulators. Our framework consists of three components: a nominal tracking policy for the end-effector, a high-frequency residual policy to enhance tracking accuracy, and an optimization-based module to improve end-effector acceleration co…

Challenges and opportunities in piezoelectric polymers: Effect of oriented amorphous fraction in ferroelectric semicrystalline polymers
Guanchun Rui, Elshad Allahyarov, Zhiwen Zhu, Yanfei Huang, Thumawadee Wongwirat, Qin Zou, Philip L. Taylor, Lei Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18722

Challenges and opportunities in piezoelectric polymers: Effect of oriented amorphous fraction in ferroelectric semicrystalline polymers
Despite extensive research on piezoelectric polymers since the discovery of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in 1969, the fundamental physics of polymer piezoelectricity has remained elusive. Based on the classic principle of piezoelectricity, polymer piezoelectricity should originate from the polar crystalline phase. Surprisingly, the crystal contribution to the piezoelectric strain coefficient d31 is determined to be less than 10%, primarily owing to the difficulty in changing t…

Tu(r)ning AI Green: Exploring Energy Efficiency Cascading with Orthogonal Optimizations
Saurabhsingh Rajput, Mootez Saad, Tushar Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18289

Tu(r)ning AI Green: Exploring Energy Efficiency Cascading with Orthogonal Optimizations
AI's exponential growth intensifies computational demands and energy challenges. While practitioners employ various optimization techniques, that we refer as "knobs" in this paper, to tune model efficiency, these are typically afterthoughts and reactive ad-hoc changes applied in isolation without understanding their combinatorial effects on energy efficiency. This paper emphasizes on treating energy efficiency as the first-class citizen and as a fundamental design consideration for a compute-in…

Dislocations and crystallization dynamics of chiral soliton lattices
Minoru Eto, Kentaro Nishimura, Muneto Nitta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16354 https://

Dislocations and crystallization dynamics of chiral soliton lattices
Dislocations, as topological defects in crystal lattices, are fundamental to understanding plasticity in materials. Similar periodic structures also arise in continuum field theories, such as chiral soliton lattices (CSLs), which appear in condensed matter systems like chiral magnets and in high-energy contexts such as quantum chromodynamics in strong magnetic field or under rapid rotation. This work investigates whether dislocations can dynamically form within such emergent CSLs. The chiral si…