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The university has just declared that one of its three goals in the years to come is "Advancing responsible AI adoption at scale." These goals get written into every major project the university undertakes, including a large number faculty research proposals. For years to come, then, we're going to plow even more money and support into AI while neglecting those who refuse to engage. And don't be fooled - "responsible" here is veneer, signalling our apparent commit…
The environmental dependence of the circumgalactic medium in a high-resolution cosmological simulation
Georg Herzog, Rajeshwari Dutta, Michele Fumagalli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08654 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08654 https://arxiv.org/html/2609.08654
arXiv:2609.08654v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: There is increasing evidence from observations that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies depends on the large-scale structure in which they are embedded. When probing the CGM in absorption using quasar sightlines, studies find an enhanced sky coverage in the CGM of galaxies in overdensities compared to galaxies in isolation. However, the exact reason for this environmental dependence is still unclear. In this work we aim to model for the first time the influence of the large-scale structure on the cool and warm ($T\sim10^{4-5}$ K) gas phases of the CGM. We use a high-resolution ($m_{gas}\approx 4.5\times 10^4$ M$_{\odot}$, $m_{dm}\approx 2.4\times 10^5$ M$_{\odot}$) cosmological simulation based on the EAGLE model of galaxy formation. We select all galaxies at $z=0$ with stellar mass $M_*>10^8$ M$_\odot$ and split them into galaxies in overdensities (group galaxies) and galaxies in isolation using a Friends-of-Friends algorithm. For these two samples, we investigate how the large-scale structure influences the physical properties of the CGM and the measured covering fractions of the cool and warm gas phases. When the two samples of group and isolated galaxies are matched in stellar mass, halo mass, and we use only central galaxies, we do not find any significant difference in the physical properties of the CGM and the measured covering fractions. However, when satellite galaxies are included, we recover the observational trends in the difference of covering fractions with the environment. The difficulty of recovering the observational trends shows the complexity of capturing the multiphase CGM in simulations. However, since our results concerning the admixture of satellites are independent of the employed subgrid physics, this work shows that central galaxies and satellites need to be disentangled in observational studies to clearly discern the role of the environment on the CGM.
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Spatially heterogeneous relaxational dynamics and the evolution of recoverable strain following flow cessation of a ductile nanocolloidal glass
Chloe W. Lindeman, James J. Griebler, Penelope Grace Kovakas, Miaoqi Chu, Qingteng Zhang, Suresh Narayanan, James L. Harden, Simon A. Rogers, Robert L. Leheny
https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11470 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.11470 https://arxiv.org/html/2608.11470
arXiv:2608.11470v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We report a combined rheology and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) study of the structural and mechanical relaxation of a ductile, nanocolloidal glass following the cessation of shear flow. After the glass is sheared to 300% strain at various shear rates and then held at fixed strain, the stress undergoes a protracted, quasi-logarithmic decay with hold time that depends weakly on the initial strain rate. Recovery rheology measurements reveal that this stress relaxation is accompanied by a logarithmic decrease in the elastic component of the recoverable strain; hence, the rates of decrease of the stress and recoverable strain are proportional. XPCS measurements during the stress relaxation reveal dynamics dominated by a convection-like backflow that is divided into two dynamically distinct regions indicative of banded motion. In one region, the flow can be modeled by an affine strain, while in the other region the glass moves as a plug while undergoing slow, glassy relaxation. The rates of these dynamics approximately track the rate of loss of recoverable strain, indicating this motion is the predominant microscopic mechanism driving the conversion of recoverable to unrecoverable strain during stress relaxation. In contrast, XPCS measurements during strain recovery reveal purely affine flow with no evidence of heterogeneity and with strain rates that agree quantitatively with the rheometry measurements. Together, these results provide a unified microscopic picture connecting the evolving internal dynamics of a ductile glass to its macroscopic mechanical relaxation following flow cessation.
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Small-Scale Clustering of Primordial Black Holes: The Little Red Dot Mass Function and the High-Redshift Galaxy Tension
Borui Zhang, Wei-Xiang Feng, Haipeng An
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09078 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.09078 https://arxiv.org/html/2609.09078
arXiv:2609.09078v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in "little red dots" (LRDs) discovered the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may result from runaway mergers of primordial black holes (PBHs) in clusters---through long--short mode coupling on small scales in the early Universe. In this framework, we derive the SMBH mass function, together with the compactness and overmassive features of LRDs. We also estimate that the dense gas residing in PBH clusters is consistent with LRD observations. In addition, SMBHs formed from PBH clusters can help accelerate galaxy formation at high redshifts, thus alleviating tension with $\Lambda$CDM cosmology.
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