Tootfinder

Researchers have given people a taste of superhuman vision
after creating contact lenses that allow them to see infrared light.
Unlike night vision goggles,
the contact lenses need no power source,
and because they are transparent,
wearers can see infrared and all the normal visible colours of light at the same time

SSVIF: Self-Supervised Segmentation-Oriented Visible and Infrared Image Fusion
Zixian Zhao, Xingchen Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22450 https://arxiv.o…

SSVIF: Self-Supervised Segmentation-Oriented Visible and Infrared Image Fusion
Visible and infrared image fusion (VIF) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its wide application in tasks such as scene segmentation and object detection. VIF methods can be broadly classified into traditional VIF methods and application-oriented VIF methods. Traditional methods focus solely on improving the quality of fused images, while application-oriented VIF methods additionally consider the performance of downstream tasks on fused images by introducing task-specific lo…

The infrared jet of #M87 observed with JWST: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18716 -> "We present the first JWST NIRCam images of the giant elliptical active galaxy M87 and its jet at 0.90, 1.50, 2.77 and 3.56 µm. We analysed the large-scale jet structure, identifying prominent components, and determined the near-infrared spectral index."

Young Stellar Objects in the Carina nebula: Near-Infrared variability and spectroscopy
Jura Borissova, Radostin Kurtev, Josemanuel Escobar, Javier Alonso-Garc\'ia, Nicolas Medina, Javier Osses, Zhen Guo, Philip Lucas, Michael Kuhn, Dante Minniti, Kevin R. Covey, Roberto Saito, Francisco F\"orster
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20086…

Young Stellar Objects in the Carina nebula: Near-Infrared variability and spectroscopy
We present a catalog of 652 young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Carina star-forming region. The catalog was constructed by combining near-infrared Ks-band variability from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea eXtended survey and medium-resolution H-band spectroscopy from APOGEE-2, Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). Variability analysis of 6.35 million sources identified 606 variable stars. The classification of the spectral lines by semisupervised K-means clustering of 704 stars, refined t…

Old vs new PC
Can't wait to beam data with infrared from desktop PC to desktop PC!

Extending the optical absorption in a lumped element meander structure to far-infrared wavelengths
Shekhar Chandra Pandey, Shilpam Sharma, Anudeep Singh, Utkarsh Pandey, S. S. Prabhu, Bhaskar Biswas, Sona Chandran, M. K. Chattopadhyay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21951

Extending the optical absorption in a lumped element meander structure to far-infrared wavelengths
Superconducting radiation detectors typically exhibit detection and single photon sensitivity limited to the mid infrared wavelength range. Extending their detection capabilities into the far infrared range (>10 um) requires careful selection of substrate materials and detector geometries. The overall detection efficiency is linked to absorption and coupling efficiencies. In this study, the resonator geometry and absorption efficiency were estimated using electromagnetic simulations in CST Micr…

The mid-infrared spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
M. Houll\'e, F. Millour, P. Berio, J. Scigliuto, S. Lacour, B. Lopez, F. Allouche, J. -C. Augereau, D. Blain, M. Bonnefoy, M. Carbillet, G. Chauvin, J. Leftley, A. Matter, J. Milli, P. Molli\`ere, E. Nasedkin, M. Nowak, P. Palma-Bifani, \'E. Pantin, P. Priolet, M. Ravet, J. Woillez, W. Balmer, P. Boley, V. G\'amez Rosas, J. H. Girard, X. Haubois, S. Hinkley, M. H…

The mid-infrared spectrum of $β$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
Few spectra of directly-imaged exoplanets have been obtained in the mid-infrared (> 3 $μ$m). This region is particularly rich in molecular spectral signatures, whose measurements can help recover atmospheric parameters and provide a better understanding of giant planet formation and atmospheric dynamics. In the past years, exoplanet interferometry with the VLTI/GRAVITY instrument has provided medium-resolution spectra of a dozen substellar companions in the near infrared. The 100-meter interfe…

Diamond-loaded polyimide aerogel scattering filters and their applications in astrophysical and planetary science observations
Kyle R. Helson, Carol Yan Yan Chan, Stefan Arseneau, Alyssa Barlis, Charles L. Bennett, Thomas M. Essinger-Hileman, Haiquan Guo, Tobias Marriage, Manuel A. Quijada, Ariel E. Tokarz, Stephanie L. Vivod, Edward J. Wollack
https://

Diamond-loaded polyimide aerogel scattering filters and their applications in astrophysical and planetary science observations
Infrared-blocking, aerogel-based scattering filters have a broad range of potential applications in astrophysics and planetary science instruments in the far-infrared, sub-millimeter, and microwave regimes. This paper demonstrates the ability of conductively-loaded, polyimide aerogel filters to meet the mechanical and science instrument requirements for several experiments, including the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS), the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mappin…

IR-Agent: Expert-Inspired LLM Agents for Structure Elucidation from Infrared Spectra
Heewoong Noh, Namkyeong Lee, Gyoung S. Na, Kibum Kim, Chanyoung Park
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16112

IR-Agent: Expert-Inspired LLM Agents for Structure Elucidation from Infrared Spectra
Spectral analysis provides crucial clues for the elucidation of unknown materials. Among various techniques, infrared spectroscopy (IR) plays an important role in laboratory settings due to its high accessibility and low cost. However, existing approaches often fail to reflect expert analytical processes and lack flexibility in incorporating diverse types of chemical knowledge, which is essential in real-world analytical scenarios. In this paper, we propose IR-Agent, a novel multi-agent framewo…

Thick Disks around White Dwarfs viewed 'Edge-off': Effects on Transit Properties and Infrared Excess
Soumyadeep Bhattacharjee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20594 https://…

Thick Disks around White Dwarfs viewed 'Edge-off': Effects on Transit Properties and Infrared Excess
A significant fraction of white dwarfs (WDs) host dust/debris disks formed from the tidal disruption of asteroids and planetsimals. Several studies indicate that the disks can attain significant vertical heights through collisional cascade. In this work I model the effects of geometrically thick disks on two primary observables: photometric transits by the disk when viewed at high inclinations and infrared dust emission. Specifically, I consider disks with a Gaussian vertical profile with scale…

Search for the radiative decay of the cosmic neutrino background through spectral measurements of the cosmic infrared background using PRIMA
Yuji Takeuchi, Shuji Matsuura, Shinhong Kim, Takashi Iida
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18590

Search for the radiative decay of the cosmic neutrino background through spectral measurements of the cosmic infrared background using PRIMA
We propose to search for a faint yet distinguishable contribution to the cosmic infrared background (CIB) spectrum arising from the radiative decay of the cosmic neutrino background (C$ν$B). In the Standard Model of particle physics, neutrino decay is highly suppressed, with a predicted lifetime on the order of $10^{43}$ years. However, non-standard models suggest the possibility of significantly shorter lifetimes, ranging from $10^{12}$ to $10^{17}$ years. Observations to date, however, only …

Exact infrared scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler scalar field theories
M. S. Mendes, J. F. S. Neto, R. F. Silva, H. A. S. Costa, P. R. S. Carvalho
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17533

Exact infrared scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler scalar field theories
We study the scaling behavior of Randers-Finsler massless scalar field theories in the infrared regime. For that, we compute analytically the radiative corrections to the corresponding anomalous dimensions, related to the critical exponents of the theory, first up to next-to-leading loop order and later for all-loop levels. We consider the effect of the Randers-Finsler space-time properties on the critical exponents by considering the parameter characterizing those space-times in its exact form…

A First Look at Spatially Resolved Infrared #SupernovaRemnants in M33 with JWST: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adec7a -> JWST Expands the Search for Extragalactic Supernova Remnants: https://aasnova.org/2025/09/29/featured-image-jwst-expands-the-search-for-extragalactic-supernova-remnants/

Semi-local observables, edge modes and quantum reference frames in quantum electromagnetism: an algebraic approach
Christopher J. Fewster, Daan W. Janssen, Kasia Rejzner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20939

Semi-local observables, edge modes and quantum reference frames in quantum electromagnetism: an algebraic approach
Boundaries and corners of spacetime play a vital role in understanding physical concepts including entanglement entropy, the infrared problem in QFT and quantum gravity. Standard local quantum field theory struggles to accommodate such boundary-sensitive observables. In this paper we develop an algebraic framework for \emph{semi-local quantum electromagnetism} on finite Cauchy lenses: a class of compact spacetimes with boundaries and corner. At the classical level, we establish a decomposition …

The Near-Infrared Echo from SN 2023xgo: Evidence for a Massive Pre-Supernova Eruption in a Type Ibn/Icn Supernova
Masayuki Yamanaka, Takahiro Nagayama
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17582

The Near-Infrared Echo from SN 2023xgo: Evidence for a Massive Pre-Supernova Eruption in a Type Ibn/Icn Supernova
We present near-infrared (NIR) and optical observations and analysis of the Type Ibn/Icn supernova (SN) 2023xgo, spanning the period from two days to 100 days past explosion. A comparison of the NIR light curves and color evolution with those of other Type Ibn SNe reveals prominent NIR excess persisting from 15 to 100 days. The spectral energy distribution (SED) is well explained by a combination of a hot blackbody component and a carbon dust model. The dust temperature remained relatively cons…

Scientists Discover Building Blocks of Life in Ice Around a Forming Star (ST6) in Neighboring Galaxy (Large Magellanic Cloud).
https://cmns.umd.edu/news-events/news/marta-sewilo-discovers-building-blocks-life-ice-around-forming-star…

NeuroCLIP: A Multimodal Contrastive Learning Method for rTMS-treated Methamphetamine Addiction Analysis
Chengkai Wang, Di Wu, Yunsheng Liao, Wenyao Zheng, Ziyi Zeng, Xurong Gao, Hemmings Wu, Zhoule Zhu, Jie Yang, Lihua Zhong, Weiwei Cheng, Yun-Hsuan Chen, Mohamad Sawan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20189

NeuroCLIP: A Multimodal Contrastive Learning Method for rTMS-treated Methamphetamine Addiction Analysis
Methamphetamine dependence poses a significant global health challenge, yet its assessment and the evaluation of treatments like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) frequently depend on subjective self-reports, which may introduce uncertainties. While objective neuroimaging modalities such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offer alternatives, their individual limitations and the reliance on conventional, often hand-crafted, feature…

Far-Infrared Emission from a Late Supernova Remnant in an Inhomogeneous Medium
S. A. Drozdov, S. Yu. Dedikov, E. O. Vasiliev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18215 https://

Far-Infrared Emission from a Late Supernova Remnant in an Inhomogeneous Medium
The interstellar dust grains are swept up during the expansion of the supernova (SN) remnant, they penetrate behind the shock front, where they are heated and destroyed in the hot gas. This leads to a change in emissivity of such grains. In this work, we consider the evolution of the infrared (IR) luminosity of the SN remnant expanding into an inhomogeneous interstellar medium with lognormal distribution of the density fluctuations. The IR luminosity of the swept-up interstellar dust rapidly in…

Short-wave infrared broadband up-conversion imaging by using a noncritical phase matched bulk KTiOPO$_4$ crystal
Xiaohua Wang, Zhaoqizhi Han, Zhenghe Zhou, Jinpeng Li, Bowen Liu, He Zhang, Yinhai Li, Zhiyuan Zhou, Baosen Shi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20955

Short-wave infrared broadband up-conversion imaging by using a noncritical phase matched bulk KTiOPO$_4$ crystal
Compared to cryogenically cooled conventional detectors, up-conversion detection enables efficient room-temperature short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging. Although quasi-phase-matching (QPM) in periodically poled crystals offers advantages, the small crystal aperture (typically 1 mm$\times$3 mm) limits resolution. Non-poled crystals enable larger apertures but suffer walk-off aberrations. This work overcomes these limitations by using a noncritical phase matched (NCPM) KTiOPO$_4$ crystal (6 mm$\ti…

Optical properties of popular dielectric substrate materials in a wide spectral range from far-infrared to ultraviolet
Minjae Kim, Hong Gu Lee, Jungseek Hwang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18556

Optical properties of popular dielectric substrate materials in a wide spectral range from far-infrared to ultraviolet
We investigated the optical properties of 13 different dielectric materials (slide glass, quartz, Al2O3 (c-cut), DyScO3 (110), KTaO3 (001), LaAlO3 (001), (LaAlO3)0.3-(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (001) (LSAT), MgF2 (100), MgO (100), SiC, SrTiO3 (001), TbScO3 (110), and TiO2). The single-bounce reflectance spectra of the bulk samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and monochromatic spectrometers across a wide spectral range, from far infrared to ultraviolet (80-50,000 cm-1). Using the Kr…

The JWST/MIRI view of the planetary nebula NGC 6302 I.: a UV irradiated torus and a hot bubble triggering PAH formation
Mikako Matsuura, Kevin Volk, Patrick Kavanagh, Bruce Balick, Roger Wesson, Albert A. Zijlstra, Harriet L. Dinerstein, Els Peeters, N. C. Sterling, Jan Cami, M. J. Barlow, Joel Kastner, Jeremy R. Walsh, L. B. F. M. Waters, Naomi Hirano, Isabel Aleman, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas, Charmi Bhatt, Joris Blommaert, Nicholas Clark, Olivia Jones, Kay Justtanont, F. Kemper, Kathlee…

The JWST/MIRI view of the planetary nebula NGC 6302 I.: a UV irradiated torus and a hot bubble triggering PAH formation
NGC 6302 is a spectacular bipolar planetary nebula (PN) whose spectrum exhibits fast outflows and highly ionized emission lines, indicating the presence of a very hot central star (~220,000 K). Its infrared spectrum reveals a mixed oxygen and carbon dust chemistry, displaying both silicate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features. Using the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) and Medium Resolution Spectrometer, a mosaic map was obtained over the core of NGC 6302, covering the waveleng…

Free-space time-bin encoded quantum key distribution from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths
Claudia De Lazzari, Tecla Gabbrielli, Natalia Bruno, Francesco Cappelli, Domenico Ribezzo, Nicola Biagi, Nicola Corrias, Simone Borri, Mario Siciliani de Cumis, Paolo De Natale, Davide Bacco, Alessandro Zavatta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13008

Free-space time-bin encoded quantum key distribution from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths
Quantum technologies play a central role in establishing new ways of quantum-secured communication. We investigate Free-Space Quantum Communication and explore the advantage of implementing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with weak coherent states produced by a light source in the Mid-Infrared (>3$μ$m). We simulate time-bin encoded quantum key distribution and demonstrate that a free-space QKD link operating in the Mid-infrared outperforms configurations based on conventional near-infrared wave…

Chemical Space of Molecular Nanomotors: Optimizing Photochemical Properties for One- and Two-photon Applications
Alexander Mielke, Alexander Scrimgeour, Enrico Tapavicza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20328

Chemical Space of Molecular Nanomotors: Optimizing Photochemical Properties for One- and Two-photon Applications
Light-driven molecular nanomotors hold promise for applications in material science and biomedicine. Significant efforts have focused on improving their efficiency, often targeting single candidate molecules. Here, we present a systematic data-driven approach to design nanomotors with high isomerization quantum yields for one- and two-photon applications, the latter being critical for biomedical applications requiring near-infrared light. We analyze the excited state properties of a dataset of …

Hybridization gap and $f$-electron effect evolutions with Cd- and Sn-doping in CeCoIn$_5$ via infrared spectroscopy
Myounghoon Lee, Yu-Seong Seo, Seulki Roh, Seokbae Lee, Jihyun Kim, Tuson Park, Jungseek Hwang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19684

Hybridization gap and $f$-electron effect evolutions with Cd- and Sn-doping in CeCoIn$_5$ via infrared spectroscopy
We investigated hole (Cd)- and electron (Sn)-doped CeCoIn$_5$ (CeCo(In$_{1-x}T_x$)$_5$ ($T$ = Cd or Sn)) using infrared spectroscopy. Doping-dependent hybridization gap distribution functions were obtained from the optical conductivity spectra based on the periodic Anderson model formalism. The hybridization gap distribution exhibits two components: in-plane and out-of-plane hybridization gaps. The doping-dependent evolution of the two gaps indicated that the out-of-plane gap was more sensitive…

Integrated Snapshot Near-infrared Hypersepctral Imaging Framework with Diffractive Optics
Jingyue Ma, Zhenming Yu, Zhengyang Li, Liang Lin, Liming Cheng, Kun Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14585

Integrated Snapshot Near-infrared Hypersepctral Imaging Framework with Diffractive Optics
We propose an integrated snapshot near-infrared hyperspectral imaging framework that combines designed DOE with NIRSA-Net. The results demonstrate near-infrared spectral imaging at 700-1000nm with 10nm resolution while achieving improvement of PSNR 1.47dB and SSIM 0.006.

IR-Agent: Expert-Inspired LLM Agents for Structure Elucidation from Infrared Spectra
Heewoong Noh, Namkyeong Lee, Gyoung S. Na, Kibum Kim, Chanyoung Park
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16112

IR-Agent: Expert-Inspired LLM Agents for Structure Elucidation from Infrared Spectra
Spectral analysis provides crucial clues for the elucidation of unknown materials. Among various techniques, infrared spectroscopy (IR) plays an important role in laboratory settings due to its high accessibility and low cost. However, existing approaches often fail to reflect expert analytical processes and lack flexibility in incorporating diverse types of chemical knowledge, which is essential in real-world analytical scenarios. In this paper, we propose IR-Agent, a novel multi-agent framewo…

Radio Emission from the Infrared Tidal Disruption Event WTP14adeqka: The First Directly Resolved Delayed Outflow from a TDE
Walter W. Golay, Edo Berger, Yvette Cendes, Megan Masterson, Emil Polisensky, Robert L. Mutel, Peter K. Blanchard, Harsh Kumar, Raffaella Margutti, Maria Drout, Christos Panagiotou, Kishalay De, Erin Kara
https://arxi…

Radio Emission from the Infrared Tidal Disruption Event WTP14adeqka: The First Directly Resolved Delayed Outflow from a TDE
We present detailed radio observations of the mid-infrared (MIR) tidal disruption event (TDE) WTP14adeqka. We detect rising radio emission starting $\approx 4$ years after the discovery of the MIR emission (and about 2 years after its peak), peaking at $\approx 6.5$ years and declining thereafter, reminiscent of the delayed radio emission recently identified in optically discovered TDEs. The peak radio luminosity, $νL_ν\approx 2\times 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$, is comparable to the brightest radi…

Infrared Extended Uncertainty Principle Corrections and Quintessence-Induced Topology of Reissner-Nordstr\"om AdS Black Holes
Y. Sekhmani, G. G. Luciano, S. N. Gashti, A. Baruah
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14953

Infrared Extended Uncertainty Principle Corrections and Quintessence-Induced Topology of Reissner-Nordström AdS Black Holes
We present a unified topological and geometric analysis of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes immersed in a quintessence field, incorporating infrared gravitational corrections arising from the Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP). The latter modifies the standard Heisenberg uncertainty relation by introducing a minimal momentum/maximal length scale, which effectively captures long-wavelength quantum gravitational effects relevant to black hole thermodynamics in curved spacetimes. We deri…

Bidirectional Temporal Information Propagation for Moving Infrared Small Target Detection
Dengyan Luo, Yanping Xiang, Hu Wang, Luping Ji. Shuai Li, Mao Ye
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15415

Bidirectional Temporal Information Propagation for Moving Infrared Small Target Detection
Moving infrared small target detection is broadly adopted in infrared search and track systems, and has attracted considerable research focus in recent years. The existing learning-based multi-frame methods mainly aggregate the information of adjacent frames in a sliding window fashion to assist the detection of the current frame. However, the sliding-window-based methods do not consider joint optimization of the entire video clip and ignore the global temporal information outside the sliding w…

Optimized Observation Sequencing in Low-Earth Orbit with the SPHEREx Survey Planning Software
Sean Bryan, James Bock, Thomas Burk, Tzu-Ching Chang, Brendan P. Crill, Ari Cukierman, Olivier Dore, C. Darren Dowell, Gregory Dubois-Felsmann, Beth Fabinsky, Sergi Hildebrandt-Rafels, Howard Hui, Kyle Hughes, Phillip Korngut, Philip Mauskopf, Julian Mena, Chi Nguyen, Milad Pourrahmani, Dustin Putnam, Keshav Ramanathan, Flora Ridenhour, Cody Roberson, Amy Trangsrud, Stephen Unwin, Pao-Yu Wang,…

Optimized Observation Sequencing in Low-Earth Orbit with the SPHEREx Survey Planning Software
SPHEREx is a NASA infrared astronomy mission that launched on March 12th, 2025 and is operating successfully in low-Earth orbit (LEO). The mission is currently observing the entire sky in 102 spectral channels in four independent all-sky surveys and also achieves enhanced coverage in two deep fields. This data will resolve key science questions about the early universe, galaxy formation, and the origin of water and biogenic molecules. In this paper, we describe the survey planning software (SPS…

Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton confronted with Lattice Data
Roy Stegeman, Roman Zwicky
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18537 https://

Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $σ$-Meson as a Dilaton confronted with Lattice Data
We investigate the nucleon and pion gravitational $D$-form factors, by fitting a $σ/f_0(500)$-meson pole, together with a background term, to lattice data at $m_π\approx 170\text{MeV}$. We find that the fitted residues are compatible with predictions from dilaton effective theory. In this framework, the $σ$-meson takes on the role of the dilaton, the Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken scale symmetry. These results support the idea that QCD may be governed by an infrared fixed point and …

Searching for Corannulene with ALMA: Observations of the Red Rectangle Nebula
Elise Koo, Alessandra Candian, Michiel Hogerheijde, Lizette Guzman-Ramirez, Javier Alcolea, Valentin Bujarrabal, Jan Cami, Pierre Cox, Peter Sarre
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22370

Searching for Corannulene with ALMA: Observations of the Red Rectangle Nebula
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic molecules responsible for the Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs), observed across a multitude of astrophysical environments. Despite their ubiquity, the precise formation mechanisms of PAHs remain unclear. One of the possible way for PAHs to form is in the outflows of evolved stars, such as HD 44179, which produces the Red Rectangle nebula - a known emitter of AIBs. However, no specific PAH molecules have been detected in such environments, compli…

Probing the Topology of the Early Universe using CMB Temperature and Polarization Anisotropies
Miguel-Angel Sanchis-Lozano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22106 https://

Probing the Topology of the Early Universe using CMB Temperature and Polarization Anisotropies
The temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as measured today, may offer key insights into the topology of the early universe prior to inflation, for example, by discriminating between flat and warped geometries. In this paper, we focus on a Kaluza-Klein model with an extra spatial dimension that compactifies at the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) epoch, subject to mixed Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions at fixed points. As a consequence, a set of infrared cutoffs …

Spectral tuning of hyperbolic shear polaritons in monoclinic gallium oxide via isotopic substitution
Giulia Carini, Mohit Pradhan, Elena Gelzinyte, Andrea Ardenghi, Saurabh Dixit, Maximilian Obst, Aditha S. Senarath, Niclas S. Mueller, Gonzalo Alvarez-Perez, Katja Diaz-Granados, Ryan A. Kowalski, Richarda Niemann, Felix G. Kaps, Jakob Wetzel, Raghunandan Balasubramanyam Iyer, Piero Mazzolini, Mathias Schubert, J. Michael Klopf, Johannes T. Margraf, Oliver Bierwagen, Martin Wolf, Karste…

Spectral tuning of hyperbolic shear polaritons in monoclinic gallium oxide via isotopic substitution
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons - hybridized modes arising from the ultrastrong coupling of infrared light to strongly anisotropic lattice vibrations in uniaxial or biaxial polar crystals - enable to confine light to the nanoscale with low losses and high directionality. In even lower symmetry materials, such as monoclinic $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ (bGO), hyperbolic shear polaritons (HShPs) further enhance the directionality. Yet, HShPs are intrinsically supported only within narrow frequency ranges define…

Algebra of the Infrared, secondary polytopes and perverse schobers
Mikhail Kapranov, Yan Soibelman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13716 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2…

Algebra of the Infrared, secondary polytopes and perverse schobers
This survey paper, based on a talk at the International Congress of Basic Science in Beijing in July 2025, summarizes joint work of the authors with M. Kontsevich [1408.2673] establishing the relation between the ``Algebra of the Infrared" of D. Gaiotto, G. Moore and E. Witten [1506.04087] and the theory of secondary polytopes introduced in the 1990s in the study of higher-dimensional discriminants. It also summarizes subsequent work with L. Soukhanov [2011.00845] where the tunneling data wer…

Fermi detection of $\gamma$-rays from the radio-quiet Seyfert galaxy NGC 3281
Jun-Rong Liu, Hua Feng, Jian-Min Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21958 https://

Fermi detection of $γ$-rays from the radio-quiet Seyfert galaxy NGC 3281
We report the detection of significant $γ$-ray emission with $\it Fermi$-LAT from the radio-quiet Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3281, with a luminosity of $5.9\,(\pm 1.7)\times10^{41}\rm\,erg\,s^{-1}$ at a significance of $6.22\,σ$ (TS = $42.81$). The power-law photon index is $2.61~(\pm 0.24)$, indicative of a soft spectrum. The star formation activity in NGC 3281 is insufficient to explain its $γ$-ray luminosity based on the empirical relation between the infrared and $γ$-ray luminosities observed…

First Light for the GRAVITY Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer
GRAVITY Collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21431 https:/…

First Light for the GRAVITY+ Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer
GRAVITY+ improves by orders of magnitude the sensitivity, sky-coverage and contrast of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A central part of this project is the development of Gravity Plus Adaptive Optics (GPAO), a dedicated high-order and laser-guide star Adaptive Optics (AO) system for VLTI. GPAO consists of four state-of-the-art AO systems equipping all 8m-class Unit Telescopes (UTs) for the wavefront correction of the VLTI instruments. It offers both visible and infrared Natural…

Atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of young stars with APOGEE. I. Orion star-forming region
Ricardo L\'opez-Valdivia, Luc\'ia Adame, Carlos G. Rom\'an-Z\'u\~niga, Jes\'us Hern\'andez, Edilberto S\'anchez, Itzarel Herrn\'andez-Aburto, Jos\'e G. Fern\'andez-Trincado, Eduardo Zagala Lagunas, Leticia Carigi, J. E. M\'endez-Delgado, Marina Kounkel, Javier Serna, Richard R. Lane, Keivan G. Stassun, Sandro Villanova, Jinyoung Serena Kim,…

Atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of young stars with APOGEE. I. Orion star-forming region
We derive atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances in young G-, K-, and M-type stars (temperatures between 6500 and 3100 K) using infrared APOGEE-2 spectra. Atmospheric parameters were determined for 548 young stars in the Orion complex (Orion A, B, OB1, and $λ$ Ori) using the TONALLI code. For 340 slow rotators v sini $\leq$ 30 km s$^{-1}$), we derived C, Mg, Si, K, Ti, and Fe abundances using 19 atomic lines, MARCS model atmospheres, and BACCHUS. To mitigate the impact of circumstellar…

Toward triggered generation of indistinguishable single-photons from MoTe$_2$ quantum emitters
Pawe{\l} Wyborski, Athanasios Paralikis, Pietro Metuh, Martin A. Jacobsen, Christian Ruiz, Niels Gregersen, Battulga Munkhbat
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20743

Toward triggered generation of indistinguishable single-photons from MoTe$_2$ quantum emitters
Single-photon sources operating in the telecom band are fundamental components for long-distance optical quantum communication and information processing. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a promising platform for such sources, but their development has been hindered by limited spectral range and poor single-photon indistinguishability. Here, we demonstrate a reproducible and systematic approach for generating near-infrared (1090-1200 nm) quantum emitters in bil…

The Prime Focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME): First Results
Takahiro Sumi, David A. H. Buckley, Alexander S. Kutyrev, Motohide Tamura, David P. Bennett, Ian A. Bond, Giuseppe Cataldo, Joseph M. Durbak, S. Bradley Cenko, Dale Fixsen, Orion Guiffreda, Ryusei Hamada, Yuki Hirao, Asahi Idei, Dan Kelly, Markus Loose, Gennadiy N. Lotkin, Eric I. Lyness, Stephen Maher, Shuma Makida, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Shota Miyazaki, Gregory Mosby, Samuel H. Moseley, Tutumi Nagai, Togo Nagano, Se…

The Prime Focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME): First Results
We present the description of the instruments and the first results of the PRime-focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME). PRIME is the first dedicated near-infrared (NIR) microlensing survey telescope located at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in Sutherland, South Africa. Among its class, it offers one of the widest fields of view in the NIR regime. PRIME's main goals are (1) To study planetary formation by measuring the frequency and mass function of planets. In partic…

Infrared fine-structure lines at high redshift
Roberto Decarli, Tanio Diaz-Santos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19444 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19444

Infrared fine-structure lines at high redshift
Infrared (IR) fine-structure line (FSL) emission arises from the radiative de-excitation of collisionally-excited electrons in atoms and ions. Thanks to their high luminosities and relatively simple physics, IR FSLs have quickly become the workhorse for studying the formation and evolution of galaxies in the nearby and distant Universe. In this review, we introduce the physics of FSL emission and the diagnostics of the ISM that we can derive from them via first principle arguments. We summarize…

Broadband Near-Infrared Compressive Spectral Imaging System with Reflective Structure
Yutong Li, Zhenming Yu, Liming Cheng, Jiayu Di, Liang Lin, Jingyue Ma, Tongshuo Zhang, Yue Zhou, Haiying Zhao, Kun Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14573

Broadband Near-Infrared Compressive Spectral Imaging System with Reflective Structure
Near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging has become a critical tool in modern analytical science. However, conventional NIR hyperspectral imaging systems face challenges including high cost, bulky instrumentation, and inefficient data collection. In this work, we demonstrate a broadband NIR compressive spectral imaging system that is capable of capturing hyperspectral data covering a broad spectral bandwidth ranging from 700 to 1600 nm. By segmenting wavelengths and designing specialized optic…

Targeted Physical Evasion Attacks in the Near-Infrared Domain
Pascal Zimmer, Simon Lachnit, Alexander Jan Zielinski, Ghassan Karame
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02042 https://

Targeted Physical Evasion Attacks in the Near-Infrared Domain
A number of attacks rely on infrared light sources or heat-absorbing material to imperceptibly fool systems into misinterpreting visual input in various image recognition applications. However, almost all existing approaches can only mount untargeted attacks and require heavy optimizations due to the use-case-specific constraints, such as location and shape. In this paper, we propose a novel, stealthy, and cost-effective attack to generate both targeted and untargeted adversarial infrared pertu…

Quantum geometry in low-energy linear and nonlinear optical responses of magnetic Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te
Tsubasa Takagi, Hikaru Watanabe, Ryutaro Yoshimi, Yuki Sato, Shingo Toyoda, Atsushi Tsukazaki, Kei S. Takahashi, Masashi Kawasaki, Yoshinori Tokura, Naoki Ogawa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18818

Quantum geometry in low-energy linear and nonlinear optical responses of magnetic Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te
Quantum geometry appears as a key factor in understanding the optical properties of quantum materials, with the anticipation on diverging or quantized responses near the Dirac and Weyl points. Here we investigate linear and nonlinear optical responses-optical conductivity and injection current- in a magnetic Rashba semiconductor in the mid-infrared region, with varying the Fermi energy across the Dirac point. We reveal that the linear optical conductivity reflects quantum metric, which remains …

JWST Observations of SN 2023ixf II: The Panchromatic Evolution Between 250 and 720 Days After the Explosion
K. Medler, C. Ashall, P. Hoeflich, E. Baron, J. M. DerKacy, M. Shahbandeh, T. Mera, C. M. Pfeffer, W. B. Hoogendam, D. O. Jones, S. Shiber, E. Fereidouni, O. D. Fox, J. Jencson, L. Galbany, J. T. Hinkle, M. A. Tucker, B. J. Shappee, M. E. Huber, K. Auchettl, C. R. Angus, D. D. Desai, A. Do, A. V. Payne, J. Shi, M. Y. Kong, S. Romagnoli, A. Syncatto, G. Clayton, M. Dulude, M. Enge…

JWST Observations of SN 2023ixf II: The Panchromatic Evolution Between 250 and 720 Days After the Explosion
We present the nebular phase spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova (CC-SN) 2023ixf, obtained through our JWST programs. These observations, combined with ground-based optical and near-infrared spectra, cover +252.67 - 719.96 d, creating a comprehensive, panchromatic time-series dataset spanning 0.32 - 30$μ$m. In this second paper of the series, we focus on identifying key spectral emission features and tracking their evolution through th…

Investigating the influence of radio-faint AGN activity on the infrared-radio correlation of massive galaxies
Giorgia Peluso, Ivan Delvecchio, Jack Radcliffe, Emanuele Daddi, Roger Deane, Matt Jarvis, Giovanni Zamorani, Isabella Prandoni, Myriam Gitti, Cristiana Spingola, Francesco Ubertosi, Mark Sargent, Vernesa Smolcic, Wuji Wang, Jacinta Delhaize, Shuowen Jin, Adam Deller

Investigating the influence of radio-faint AGN activity on the infrared-radio correlation of massive galaxies
It is well-known that star-forming galaxies (SFGs) exhibit a tight correlation between their radio and infrared emissions, commonly referred to as the infrared-radio correlation (IRRC). Recent empirical studies have reported a dependence of the IRRC on the galaxy stellar mass, in which more massive galaxies tend to show lower infrared-to-radio ratios (qIR) with respect to less massive galaxies. One possible, yet unexplored, explanation is a residual contamination of the radio emission from acti…

Propagation of intense squeezed vacuum light in non-linear media
J. Rivera-Dean, D. Kanti, P. Stammer, N. Tsatrafyllis, M. Lewenstein, P. Tzallas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19608

Propagation of intense squeezed vacuum light in non-linear media
Recent developments in quantum light engineering have enabled the use of infrared bright squeezed vacuum (BSV) femtosecond pulses in highly nonlinear optics, particularly strong-field physics and high-harmonic generation. However, theoretical studies were focused on interactions with single-atoms only, neglecting that under realistic conditions light propagates through the media. This raises two key questions: How does BSV propagates in strongly light-driven nonlinear media, and under what cond…

Single-Photon Detection in Few-Layer NbSe$_2$ Superconducting Nanowires
Lucio Zugliani, Alessandro Palermo, Bianca Scaparra, Aniket Patra, Fabian Wietschorke, Pietro Metuh, Athanasios Paralikis, Domenico De Fazio, Christoph Kastl, Rasmus Flaschmann, Battulga Munkhbat, Kai M\"uller, Jonathan J. Finley, Matteo Barbone
https://arxiv.org/…

Single-Photon Detection in Few-Layer NbSe$_2$ Superconducting Nanowires
Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are key building blocks for photonic quantum technologies due to their ability to detect single photons with ultra-high efficiency, low dark counts and fast temporal resolution. Superconducting materials exhibiting high uniformity, large absorption cross-section and atomic-scale thickness are desirable to extend single-photon detection from the near-infrared up to the terahertz regime, where existing material choices are especially const…

Improving radial velocity precision with CARMENES-PLUS:An upgrade of the near-infrared spectrograph cooling system
R. Varas, R. Calvo-Ortega, P. J. Amado, S. Becerril, H. Ruh, M. Azzaro, L. Hernandez, H. Magan-Madinabeitia, S. Reinhart, D. Maroto-Fernandez, J. Helmling, A. L. Huelmo, D. Benitez, J. F. Lopez, M. Pineda, J. A. Garcia, J. Garcia de la Fuente, J. Marin, F. Hernandez, J. Aceituno, J. A. Caballero, A. Kaminski, R. J. Mathar, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, W. Seifert, …

Improving radial velocity precision with CARMENES-PLUS:An upgrade of the near-infrared spectrograph cooling system
CARMENES is a dual-channel high-resolution spectrograph at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope designed to detect low-mass planets around late-type dwarfs by measuring their radial velocities (RVs). High thermal stability in both the visible (VIS) and near infrared channels is essential to achieve the precision required for these measurements. In particular, stabilising the NIR channel to the millikelvin level, which operates at cryogenic temperatures (140 K), poses significant engineering challenge…

Time-resolved protoplanetary disk physics in DQ Tau with JWST
\'A. K\'osp\'al, P. \'Abrah\'am, V. V. Akimkin, L. Chen, J. Forbrich, K. V. Getman, B. Portilla-Revelo, D. Semenov, S. E. van Terwisga, J. Varga, L. Zwicky, G. G. Bal\'azs, Zs. Bora, \'A. Horti-D\'avid, A. P. Jo\'o, W. Og{\l}oza, B. Seli, M. Siwak, \'A. S\'odor, N. Tak\'acs

Time-resolved protoplanetary disk physics in DQ Tau with JWST
Accretion variability is ubiquitous in YSOs. While large outbursts may strongly affect the disk, the effects of moderate bursts are less understood. We aim to study the physical response of the disk around the eccentric binary system DQ Tau to its periodic accretion changes. We organized a multi-wavelength campaign centered on four JWST/MIRI spectra. We targeted three periastrons (high accretion state) and one apastron (quiescence). We used optical and near-infrared spectroscopy and photometry …

Cosmic dipole tensions: confronting the Cosmic Microwave Background with infrared and radio populations of cosmological sources
Mali Land-Strykowski, Geraint F. Lewis, Tara Murphy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18689

Enhancing Infrared Vision: Progressive Prompt Fusion Network and Benchmark
Jinyuan Liu, Zihang Chen, Zhu Liu, Zhiying Jiang, Long Ma, Xin Fan, Risheng Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09343

Enhancing Infrared Vision: Progressive Prompt Fusion Network and Benchmark
We engage in the relatively underexplored task named thermal infrared image enhancement. Existing infrared image enhancement methods primarily focus on tackling individual degradations, such as noise, contrast, and blurring, making it difficult to handle coupled degradations. Meanwhile, all-in-one enhancement methods, commonly applied to RGB sensors, often demonstrate limited effectiveness due to the significant differences in imaging models. In sight of this, we first revisit the imaging mecha…

The Corona-Australis star-forming region: New insights on its formation history from detailed stellar and disk analysis
Elisabetta Rigliaco, Raffaele Gratton, Valerio Nascimbeni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19757

The Corona-Australis star-forming region: New insights on its formation history from detailed stellar and disk analysis
The star-forming complex of Corona Australis (CrA) is one of the closest and most isolated molecular clouds. It belongs to a chain of clusters that show age gradients with distance from the galactic plane. We aim to provide suggestions regarding its formation history by examining the stellar and disk populations, stellar multiplicity, and interstellar absorption. We made a census of stars and disks using Gaia DR3 and infrared data. Interstellar absorption in the direction of each star was deriv…

pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
Sinan Deger, Hiranya V. Peiris, Stephen Thorp, Daniel J. Mortlock, Gurjeet Jagwani, Justin Alsing, Boris Leistedt, Joel Leja
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20430

pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
We study star formation over 12 Gyr using pop-cosmos, a generative model trained on 26-band photometry of 420,000 COSMOS2020 galaxies (IRAC Ch.1 $<26$). The model learns distributions over 16 SPS parameters via score-based diffusion, matching observed colours and magnitudes. We compute the star formation rate density (SFRD) to $z=3.5$ by directly integrating individual galaxy SFRs. The SFRD peaks at $z=1.3\pm0.1$, with peak value $0.08\pm0.01$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. We classify star-…

X-Raying a Be star disk: fundamental parameters of the eclipsing binary Be star V658 Car
Tajan H. de Amorim, Alex C. Carciofi, Jonathan Labadie-Bartz, Ariane C. Silva, Felipe Navarete, Saul A. Rappaport, Pamela Querido, Amanda C. Rubio, Jon Bjorkman, Robert Gagliano, Ivan Terentev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20053

X-Raying a Be star disk: fundamental parameters of the eclipsing binary Be star V658 Car
With its two stellar eclipses and two disk attenuations per binary orbit, V658 Carinae stands out as the first clear eclipsing Be + sdOB system. This rare alignment offers a unique opportunity to probe the structure and dynamics of a Be star disk with unprecedented detail. In this study, we present the most comprehensive observational dataset and modeling effort for this system to date, including optical, near-infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, space-based photometry, and optical polarizat…

Detection of Diffuse Radio Emission inside the Supernova Remnant G338.3-0.0 associated with the Gamma-ray Source HESS J1640-465
Moaz Abdelmaguid, Joseph Gelfand, Jason Alford
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18999

Detection of Diffuse Radio Emission inside the Supernova Remnant G338.3-0.0 associated with the Gamma-ray Source HESS J1640-465
We report the discovery of diffuse radio emission within SNR G338.3-0.0 using new MeerKAT observations at 816 MHz and 1.4 GHz. The radio emission spatially overlaps with the X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1640-4631 and the GeV/TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1640-465. The morphology of this radio emission is centrally peaked and its extent is well-contained within the SNR shell. A lack of mid- and far-infrared counterparts and the absence of catalogued H II regions argues against a t…

High-pressure electronic states in semiconductors studied by infrared spectroscopy: metallization and band gap tuning in Mg$_2$Si, InAs and InSb
Hidekazu Okamura, Haruna Okazaki, Katsunori Marugaku, Subin Lee, Tomoki Yoneda, Haruhiko Udono, Yoshihisa Mori, Mitsuhiko Maesato, Hiroshi Kitagawa, Yuka Ikemoto, Taro Moriwaki
https://arxiv.org/a…

High-pressure electronic states in semiconductors studied by infrared spectroscopy: metallization and band gap tuning in Mg$_2$Si, InAs and InSb
In this article, a brief introduction is first given on infrared studies of materials at high pressures using a diamond anvil cell. Then, our recent results of high-pressure infrared studies are described for Mg$_2$Si, InAs, and InSb. For Mg$_2$Si, pressure-induced metallization at pressures near 10 GPa were clearly demonstrated for both carrier-doped and undoped Mg$_2$Si by large increases of reflectivity. For InAs and InSb, their band gap ($E_g$) increased rapidly and almost linearly with pre…

PRIMAger General Observer programs: a {\Large $\pi$}-sr Infrared Survey and other General Observer wide-field programs
Denis Burgarella, Matthieu Bethermin, Alessandro Boselli, James Donnelan, Charles Darren Dowell, Guilaine Lagache, Seb Oliver, Herve Dole
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17646

PRIMAger General Observer programs: a {\Large $π$}-sr Infrared Survey and other General Observer wide-field programs
The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) is a cryogenically-cooled, far-infrared (far-IR) observatory expected to begin serving the astronomical community by early 2030. The mission features two advanced instruments: PRIMAger and FIRESS. PRIMAger will operate across the mid- to far-IR spectrum, covering wavelengths from approximately 25 to 260 $μ$m. It will offer hyperspectral imaging in medium resolution bands (R $\sim$ 8, using a linear variable filter) from 25 to 80 $μ$m, an…

SCALES-DRP : A Data Reduction Pipeline for an Upcoming Keck Thermal Infrared Spectrograph
Athira Unni, Steph Sallum, Peyton Benac, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Max Brodheim, Rosalie McGurk, Andy Skemer, William T. S. Deich
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15489

SCALES-DRP : A Data Reduction Pipeline for an Upcoming Keck Thermal Infrared Spectrograph
We present the end-to-end data reduction pipeline for SCALES (Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy), the upcoming thermal-infrared, diffraction-limited imager, and low and medium-resolution integral field spectrograph (IFS) for the Keck II telescope. The pipeline constructs a ramp from a set of reads and performs optimal extraction and chi-square extraction to reconstruct the 3D IFS datacube. To perform spectral extraction, wavelength calibration, and sky subtractio…

Replaced article(s) found for eess.IV. https://arxiv.org/list/eess.IV/new
[1/1]:
- Infrared Image Super-Resolution: Systematic Review, and Future Trends
Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu, Shinichiro Omachi

Bridging mid and near infrared by combining optomechanics and self mixing
Tecla Gabbrielli, Chenghong Zhang, Francesco Cappelli, Iacopo Galli, Andrea Ottomaniello, J\'er\^ome Faist, Alessandro Tredicucci, Alessandro Pitanti, Paolo De Natale, Simone Borri, Paolo Vezio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11729

Bridging mid and near infrared by combining optomechanics and self mixing
This work describes a self-mixing-assisted optomechanical platform for transferring information between near- and mid-infrared radiation. In particular, the self-mixing signal of a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser is used to detect the oscillation of a membrane induced by radiation pressure exerted by a near-infrared excitation beam, which is amplitude-modulated at the membrane resonance frequency. This technique is, in principle, wavelength-independent and, therefore, can link different spec…

JWST detection of a carbon dioxide dominated gas coma surrounding interstellar object 3I/ATLAS
Martin A. Cordiner, Nathaniel X. Roth, Michael S. P. Kelley, Dennis Bodewits, Steven B. Charnley, Maria N. Drozdovskaya, Davide Farnocchia, Marco Micheli, Stefanie N. Milam, Cyrielle Opitom, Megan E. Schwamb, Cristina A. Thomas
https://arxiv.org/…

JWST detection of a carbon dioxide dominated gas coma surrounding interstellar object 3I/ATLAS
3I/ATLAS is the third confirmed interstellar object to visit our Solar System, and only the second to display a clear coma. Infrared spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the opportunity to measure its coma composition and determine the primary activity drivers. We report the first results from our JWST NIRSpec campaign for 3I/ATLAS, at an inbound heliocentric distance of $r_H=3.32$ au. The spectral images (spanning 0.6-5.3 $μ$m) reveal a CO2 dominated coma, with enh…

Crosslisted article(s) found for astro-ph.CO. https://arxiv.org/list/astro-ph.CO/new
[1/1]:
- pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected gala...
Deger, Peiris, Thorp, Mortlock, Jagwani, Alsing, Leistedt, Leja

A previously unknown regular satellite of #Uranus has been detected in a series of images obtained by the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope on 2025 Feb. 2: http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/005500/CBET005593.txt -> https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/webb/2025/08/19/new-moon-discovered-orbiting-uranus-using-nasas-webb-telescope/ - the object is located at a projected radial distance of 56250 /- 250 km from Uranus' center in the planet's equatorial plane, initial astrometry is consistent with the moon orbiting on a nearly circular orbit with an orbital period 0.402 days, and the observed IR flux from the object indicates a radius of 4 - 5 km, placing it well below the detection threshold of earlier images from Voyager and the Hubble Space Telescope.

Lightweight Deep Unfolding Networks with Enhanced Robustness for Infrared Small Target Detection
Jingjing Liu, Yinchao Han, Xianchao Xiu, Jianhua Zhang, Wanquan Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08205

Lightweight Deep Unfolding Networks with Enhanced Robustness for Infrared Small Target Detection
Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is one of the key techniques in image processing. Although deep unfolding networks (DUNs) have demonstrated promising performance in ISTD due to their model interpretability and data adaptability, existing methods still face significant challenges in parameter lightweightness and noise robustness. In this regard, we propose a highly lightweight framework based on robust principal component analysis (RPCA) called L-RPCANet. Technically, a hierarchical bottl…

JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Salacia-Actaea and M\'ani: Exploring Population-level Trends among Water-ice-rich Kuiper Belt Objects
Ian Wong, Bryan J. Holler, Silvia Protopapa, Aur\'elie Guilbert-Lepoutre, William M. Grundy, John A. Stansberry, Heidi B. Hammel, Stefanie N. Milam, Rosario Brunetto, Joshua P. Emery, Estela Fern\'andez-Valenzuela, Noem\'i Pinilla-Alonso

JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Salacia-Actaea and Máni: Exploring Population-level Trends among Water-ice-rich Kuiper Belt Objects
We present observations of the mid-sized Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) Salacia-Actaea and Máni, obtained with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph on JWST. The satellite Actaea was fully blended with Salacia at the spatial resolution of the integral field unit, and we extracted the combined spectrum. The 0.7-5.1 ${\mathrm μ}$m reflectance spectra of Salacia-Actaea and Máni display prominent water-ice absorption bands at 1.5, 2, 3, and 4-5 ${\mathrm μ}$m. The $ν_3$ fundamental vibrational band of ca…

Coupled Infrared Imaging and Multiphysics Modeling to Predict Three-Dimensional Thermal Characteristics during Selective Laser Melting
Vijay Kumar, Kaitlyn M. Mullin, Hyunggon Park, Matthew Gerigk, Andrew Bresk, Tresa M. Pollock, Yangying Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12545

Coupled Infrared Imaging and Multiphysics Modeling to Predict Three-Dimensional Thermal Characteristics during Selective Laser Melting
Laser heating during additive manufacturing (AM) induces extreme and transient thermal conditions which critically influence the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the resulting component. However, accurately resolving these conditions with sufficient spatiotemporal accuracy remains a central challenge. We demonstrate a unique approach that couples high-speed infrared imaging, during selective laser melting of MAR-M247, with a transient three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics sim…

Technical Memo: The impact of Nancy Grace Roman Telescope's default image processing on the detectability of moving Solar system objects
Joseph Masiero (Caltech/IPAC)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20469

Technical Memo: The impact of Nancy Grace Roman Telescope's default image processing on the detectability of moving Solar system objects
The Nancy Grace Roman Telescope is scheduled to launch in 2026 to conduct a wide-field survey of the sky at near-infrared wavelengths. Although Roman is unable to track objects moving at non-sidereal rates, there is recent interest in the potential capability of the telescope to support planetary defense by tracking and characterizing asteroids and comets (Holler et al, 2025, arXiv:2508.14412). However, the standard pipeline image processing scheme that the mission is planning to implement for …

An ALMA Band 7 survey of SDSS/Herschel quasars in Stripe 82: I. The properties of the 870 micron counterparts
E. Hatziminaoglou, H. Messias, R. Souza, A. Borkar, D. Farrah, A. Feltre, G. Magdis, L. K. Pitchford, I. P\'erez-Fournon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18823

An ALMA Band 7 survey of SDSS/Herschel quasars in Stripe 82: I. The properties of the 870 micron counterparts
(Abridged) Quasar studies with Herschel/SPIRE often report host luminosities ranging from 10^{12} to 10^{14} Lsun, suggestive of star formation rates (SFRs) of up to several thousand Msun/yr. Due to the limited spatial resolution of SPIRE, it is uncertain whether the far-infrared (FIR) emission originates from the quasar itself, nearby sources, or unrelated sources within the SPIRE beam. High-resolution observations at wavelengths close to the SPIRE coverage are needed to pinpoint the true sour…

AI-Augmented Photon-Trapping Spectrometer-on-a-Chip on Silicon Platform with Extended Near-Infrared Sensitivity
Ahasan Ahamed, Htet Myat, Amita Rawat, Lisa N McPhillips, M Saif Islam
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13521

AI-Augmented Photon-Trapping Spectrometer-on-a-Chip on Silicon Platform with Extended Near-Infrared Sensitivity
We present a compact, noise-resilient reconstructive spectrometer-on-a-chip that achieves high-resolution hyperspectral imaging across an extended near-infrared (NIR) range up to 1100nm. The device integrates monolithically fabricated silicon photodiodes enhanced with photon-trapping surface textures (PTST), enabling improved responsivity in the low-absorption NIR regime. Leveraging a fully connected neural network, we demonstrate accurate spectral reconstruction from only 16 uniquely engineere…

PCA-Guided Autoencoding for Structured Dimensionality Reduction in Active Infrared Thermography
Mohammed Salah, Numan Saeed, Davor Svetinovic, Stefano Sfarra, Mohammed Omar, Yusra Abdulrahman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07773

PCA-Guided Autoencoding for Structured Dimensionality Reduction in Active Infrared Thermography
Active Infrared thermography (AIRT) is a widely adopted non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for detecting subsurface anomalies in industrial components. Due to the high dimensionality of AIRT data, current approaches employ non-linear autoencoders (AEs) for dimensionality reduction. However, the latent space learned by AIRT AEs lacks structure, limiting their effectiveness in downstream defect characterization tasks. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a principal component anal…

White Dwarfs with Infrared Excess in the HET Dark Energy Experiment
Rudy A. Morales, Barbara G. Castanheira, Jayden Blanchard, Detlev Koester, P\'eter N\'emeth, S. O. Kepler, Erin Mentuch Cooper, Karl Gebhardt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12116

White Dwarfs with Infrared Excess in the HET Dark Energy Experiment
White dwarfs with infrared excess emission provide a window into the late stages of stellar evolution and the dynamics of circumstellar environments. Using data from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), we characterized 30 white dwarfs exhibiting infrared excess, including 29 DA and 1 DB stars. While an infrared excess can arise from dusty disks or cool (sub-)stellar companions, our sample is limited to stellar companions due to our selection based on SDSS photometry, whi…

Dual-Domain Perspective on Degradation-Aware Fusion: A VLM-Guided Robust Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Framework
Tianpei Zhang, Jufeng Zhao, Yiming Zhu, Guangmang Cui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05000

Dual-Domain Perspective on Degradation-Aware Fusion: A VLM-Guided Robust Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Framework
Most existing infrared-visible image fusion (IVIF) methods assume high-quality inputs, and therefore struggle to handle dual-source degraded scenarios, typically requiring manual selection and sequential application of multiple pre-enhancement steps. This decoupled pre-enhancement-to-fusion pipeline inevitably leads to error accumulation and performance degradation. To overcome these limitations, we propose Guided Dual-Domain Fusion (GD^2Fusion), a novel framework that synergistically integrate…

A review of cultural heritage inspection: Toward terahertz from mid-infrared region
Pengfei Zhu, Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Dazhi Yang, Xavier Maldague
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11521

A review of cultural heritage inspection: Toward terahertz from mid-infrared region
This review explores non-invasive imaging (NII) methods covering the mid- and far-infrared to the terahertz spectral regions (up to approximately 1000 um) for the detection and analysis of cultural heritage artifacts. In the thermal infrared domain, where radiation follows Planck's law, the self-emission of materials reveals intrinsic properties and internal degradation. By contrast, in the near-infrared range, external illumination enhances surface details and pigment differentiation. Far-infr…

Phonon studies of the phase transition sequence in antiferroelectric single crystal of Pb(Hf0.83Sn0.17)O3
Anirudh K. R., Cosme Milesi-Brault, Christelle Kadlec, Dmitry Nuzhnyy, Andrzej Majchrowski, Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak, Irena Jankowska-Sumara, Elena Buixaderas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16472…

Phonon studies of the phase transition sequence in antiferroelectric single crystal of Pb(Hf0.83Sn0.17)O3
The sequence of phase transitions in PbHf0.83Sn0.17O3 has been studied by THz, far infrared and Raman spectroscopies, revealing the complementary behaviour of both, polar and non-polar phonons and their impact on the transition lattice dynamics. Pb atom is sensitive to all phase transitions, changing its dynamics with temperature. As temperature decreases, the crystal undergoes a sequence of three phase transitions. The first one to an intermediate (IM) phase, in which polar fluctuations are de…

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI
Hyerin Jang, Aditya M. Arabhavi, Till Kaeufer, Rens Waters, Inga Kamp, Thomas Henning, Alessio Caratti o Garatti, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Giulia Perotti, Jayatee Kanwar, Manuel G\"udel, Maria Morales-Calder\'on, Sierra L. Grant, Valentin Christiaens

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI
Disks around very low-mass stars (VLMS) provide environments for the formation of Earth-like planets. Mid-infrared observations have revealed that these disks exhibit weak silicate features and strong hydrocarbon emissions. This study characterizes the dust properties and geometrical structures of VLMS and brown dwarf (BD) disks, observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and connects these to gas column density and potential evolutionary stages. We analyz…

High Pixel Resolution Visible to Extended Shortwave Infrared Single Pixel Imaging with a black Phosphorus-Molybdenum disulfide (bP-MoS2) photodiode
Seyed Saleh Mousavi Khaleghi, Jinyuan Chen, Sivacarendran Balendhran, Alexander Corletto, Shifan Wang, Huan Liu, James Bullock, Kenneth B. Crozier
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02673

High Pixel Resolution Visible to Extended Shortwave Infrared Single Pixel Imaging with a black Phosphorus-Molybdenum disulfide (bP-MoS2) photodiode
High-resolution infrared imagers are currently more expensive than CMOS and CCD cameras, due to costly sensor arrays. Van der Waals (vdWs) materials present an opportunity for low-cost, room temperature infrared photodetectors. Although photodetectors based on vdWs materials show promising performance, creating a megapixel array is yet to be achieved. Imaging with a single vdWs photodetector typically relies on time-consuming mechanical scanning and suffers from low resolution. Single pixel ima…

Mid-Infrared diagnostics for identifying main sequence galaxies in the local Universe
C. Daoutis, A. Zezas, M. L. N. Ashby
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16964 https://

Mid-Infrared diagnostics for identifying main sequence galaxies in the local Universe
A galaxy's mid-IR spectrum encodes key information on its radiation field, star formation, and dust properties. Characterizing this spectrum therefore offers strong constraints on a galaxy's activity. This project describes a diagnostic tool for identifying main-sequence (MS) star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the local Universe using IR dust emission features that are characteristic of galaxy activity. A physically-motivated sample of mock galaxy spectra has been generated to simulate the IR emis…

PRIMA: PRIMAger, a far-infrared hyperspectral and polarimetric instrument
Laure Ciesla, Charles Darren Dowell, Marc Sauvage, Denis Burgarella, Jochem Baselmans, Matthieu B\'ethermin, Jeffrey T. Booth, Charles M. Bradford, Florent Canourgues, Ivan Charles, Anne Costille, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Lorenza Ferrari, Johan Floriot, Marc Foote, Jason Glenn, Renaud Goullioud, Matt Griffin, Oliver Krause, Willem Jellema, Elizabeth Luthman, Laurent Martin, Margaret Meixner, Tony Pamplona, Kl…

PRIMA: PRIMAger, a far-infrared hyperspectral and polarimetric instrument
The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) is an infrared observatory for the next decade, currently in Phase A, with a 1.8m telescope actively cooled to 4.5K. On board, an infrared camera, PRIMAger, equipped with ultra-sensitive kinetic inductance detector (KID) arrays, will provide observers with coverage of mid-infrared to far-infrared wavelengths from 24 to 264 microns. PRIMAger will offer two imaging modes: the Hyperspectral mode will cover the 24-84 microns wavelength range w…

Infrared Synchrotron Emission in the Soft State of GX 339-4 and the Mid-Infrared/X-ray Luminosity Plane of Black Hole X-ray Binaries
P. Gandhi, D. M. Russell, M. C. Baglio, Y. Bhargava, R. Duncan, A. G\'urpide, C. O. Heinke, C. Knigge, K. S. Long, T. J. Maccarone, G. Mastroserio, T. D. Russell, A. W. Shaw, A. J. Tetarenko, F. M. Vincentelli, E. S. Borowski, D. A. H. Buckley, P. Casella, C. Dashwood Brown, G. C. Dewangan, R. I. Hynes, S. Markoff, J. A. Tomsick, K. Alabarta, F. Carot…

Infrared Synchrotron Emission in the Soft State of GX 339-4 and the Mid-Infrared/X-ray Luminosity Plane of Black Hole X-ray Binaries
Progress in understanding the growth of accreting black holes remains hampered by a lack of sensitive coordinated multiwavelength observations. In particular, the mid-infrared (MIR) regime remains ill-explored except for jet-dominant states. Here, we present comprehensive follow-up of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4 during a disc-dominated state in its 2023/24 outburst as part of a multi-wavelength campaign coordinated around JWST/MIRI. The X-ray properties are fairly typical of soft accre…

Temperature-dependent Optical and Polaritonic Properties of hBN-encapsulated Monolayer TMDs
Matan Meshulam, Anabel Atash Kahlon, Yonatan Gershuni, Thomas Poirier, Thomas Poirier, Seth Ariel Tongay, Itai Epstein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17829

Temperature-dependent Optical and Polaritonic Properties of hBN-encapsulated Monolayer TMDs
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) support robust excitons in the visible to near-infrared spectral range. Their reduced dielectric screening results in large binding energies, and combined with a direct bandgap in monolayer form, these excitons dominate the optical response of TMDs. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of the temperature-dependent optical and polaritonic properties of high-quality, flux-grown $\mathrm{WS_2}$, $\mathrm{MoS_2}$, $\mathrm{WSe_2}$,…

Infrared Spectroradiometry of Lithium Benzoate from 21 to 235 THz
Yoshitaka Okuyama, Youichi Ishikawa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11643 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Infrared Spectroradiometry of Lithium Benzoate from 21 to 235 THz
This paper presents an extensive survey of the thermal radiation properties of lithium benzoate. We heated the sample from 313 to 553 K, just below the melting point, while performing an infrared spectroradiometry with an FT-IR spectrometer from 21 to 235 THz (700-7800 cm$^{-1}$). We have provided a detailed analysis of the infrared spectrum data and a comparison of the absorption spectrum of the same sample. It turned out that the recorded spectra are not only different from ordinary absorptio…

Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C--MetaLL) survey: VII. Metallicity dependence of Period-Wesenheit relations based on a homogeneous spectroscopic sample
V. Ripepi, E. Trentin, G. Catanzaro, M. Marconi, A. Bhardwaj, G. Clementini, F. Cusano, G. De Somma, R. Molinaro, T. Sicignano, J. Storm
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17447

Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C--MetaLL) survey: VII. Metallicity dependence of Period-Wesenheit relations based on a homogeneous spectroscopic sample
The C-MetaLL project has provided homogeneous spectroscopic abundances of 290 Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) for which we have the intensity-averaged magnitudes in multiple optical and near-infrared (NIR) bands, periods, pulsation modes, and Gaia parallaxes. Our goal is to derive updated period--Wesenheit--metallicity (PWZ) relations using the largest and most homogeneous metallicity sample ever used for such analyses, covering a range of $-1.3<$[Fe/H]$<+0.3$ dex. We computed several optical and NI…

Formation Of Sub-Structure In Luminous Submillimeter galaxies (FOSSILS): Initial sample and the discovery of a dusty spiral at Cosmic Noon
Ryota Ikeda, Daisuke Iono, Ken-ichi Tadaki, Andrea Silva, the FOSSILS Team
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20720

Formation Of Sub-Structure In Luminous Submillimeter galaxies (FOSSILS): Initial sample and the discovery of a dusty spiral at Cosmic Noon
High-resolution far-infrared (FIR) observation of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) is an effective approach to study the formation of sub-structures in the early epoch of massive galaxies. We present the 870$μ$m continuum images resolved down to sub-kpc scales for 12 SMGs taken by Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) as an initial sample of the FOSSILS Survey. We discovered a wide variety of morphological properties, including a two-arm spiral galaxy at $z=2.5$ possibly induced by …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundances in the disk around T Chamaeleontis (T Cha): PAH sizes, ionization fraction, and mass during JWST observations
Rahul Bandyopadhyay (Departamento de Astronom\'ia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons), Simon Casassus (Departamento de Astronom\'ia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Data Observatory Foundation, Santiago, Chile)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundances in the disk around T Chamaeleontis (T Cha): PAH sizes, ionization fraction, and mass during JWST observations
The T Tauri star T Cha is known to have a protoplanetary disk with a dust gap separating the inner and outer disk regions. The mid-IR JWST spectrum of T Cha show multiple prominent aromatic infrared bands (AIBs) around 6.2, 8.1, and 11.3 $μ$m. AIBs are commonly accepted as the emission stemming from PAH molecules. We aim to characterize the PAHs giving rise to the AIBs observed in the JWST spectrum of T Cha. Our objective is to estimate the PAH abundances, in terms of their sizes, ionization f…

Continuous-wave, high-resolution, ultra-broadband mid-infrared nonlinear spectroscopy with tunable plasmonic nanocavities
Zhiyuan Xie, Nobuaki Oyamada, Francesco Ciccarello, Wen Chen, Christophe Galland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12097

Continuous-wave, high-resolution, ultra-broadband mid-infrared nonlinear spectroscopy with tunable plasmonic nanocavities
Vibrational sum- and difference-frequency generation (SFG and DFG) spectroscopy is a technique to probe the nonlinear response of interfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths while detecting the upconverted signal at visible wavelengths. It has recently transitioned from large-area molecular films and colloidal suspensions to nanoscale structures, enabled by dual-resonant plasmonic nanocavities that confine light and matter in the same deep-subwavelength sensing volume. Here, we implement continuous-…

A High Incidence of Mid-infrared Variability in Local Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Shun Hatano, Masatoshi Imanishi, Takanobu Kirihara, Takashi Yamamoto, Yuxing Zhong, Chenghao Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02254

A High Incidence of Mid-infrared Variability in Local Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
We explore mid-infrared (MIR) variability in local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; infrared luminsoity $L_{\rm IR}>10^{12}\ L_\odot$) utilizing the $\sim$11 years of photometry from the NEOWISE multi-epoch catalog of {\it Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} ({\it WISE}). We identify 30 variable ULIRGs with statistically significant MIR variability. The variability is observed on timescales of a few years, implying that the MIR-emitting regions are compact ($\lesssim 1$ pc). The differ…

The SOMA Atomic Outflow Survey. I. An Atomic OI and Highly Ionized OIII Outflow from Massive Protostar G11.94-00.62
Phillip Oakey, Yao-Lun Yang, Jonathan C. Tan, Thomas G. Bisbas, Rub\'en Fedriani, Kei Tanaka, Zoie Telkamp, Yichen Zhang, Christian Fischer, Lianis Reyes Rosa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20551

The SOMA Atomic Outflow Survey. I. An Atomic OI and Highly Ionized OIII Outflow from Massive Protostar G11.94-00.62
Massive stars regulate galaxy evolution and star formation through their powerful physical and chemical feedback, but their formation remains poorly understood. Accretion powered outflows can provide important diagnostics of massive star formation. We present first results from the SOMA Atomic Outflow Survey, a far-infrared massive star formation survey using the FIFI-LS spectrometer on SOFIA. We report detection of [OIII] $^3P_2\rightarrow^3P_1$ emission at 52 $μ$m from the massive protostar …

Under the glare of a luminous quasar, the FIR continuum is still an excellent tracer of the ISM down to the central kiloparsec
John D. Silverman, Emanuele Daddi, Qing-Hua Tan, Zhaoxuan Liu, Qinyue Fei, Francesco Valentino, Luis C. Ho, Vincenzo Mainieri, Jed McKinney, Wiphu Rujopakarn
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20548

Under the glare of a luminous quasar, the FIR continuum is still an excellent tracer of the ISM down to the central kiloparsec
Contamination-free assessments of the interstellar medium and star formation in quasar host galaxies, particularly based on the far-infrared, offer insights into the role of supermassive black holes in galaxy evolution. Motivated by predictions of quasar heating of dust on both nuclear and galaxy-wide scales, we perform two-component (host galaxy + point source) modeling of high-resolution (~0.1") ALMA observations of the FIR continuum in Band 5 (lambda_rest~500 um) of three highly luminous qua…

Intersubband polariton -- LO phonon interaction in mid-infrared non-dispersive cavities: experimental demonstration of spontaneous scattering and perspectives towards polariton lasing
Paul Goulain, Mathieu Jeannin, Stefano Pirotta, Adel Bousseksou, Giorgio Biasiol, Iacopo Carusotto, Raffaele Colombelli, Jean-Michel Manceau
https://arxiv.or…

Intersubband polariton - LO phonon interaction in mid-infrared non-dispersive cavities: experimental demonstration of spontaneous scattering and perspectives towards polariton lasing
We report experimental evidence of the interaction between intersubband polaritons and longitudinal optical phonons in non-dispersive mid-infrared cavities, under resonant optical injection. The light emission originating from spontaneous polariton-phonon scattering is observed at a frequency corresponding to an energy shift of one phonon below the pump frequency. Given the extremely low spontaneous scattering rate, we employ a custom-developed quantum mechanical model to numerically demonstrat…

Galactic Contrail in NGC 3627 caused by Dwarf Galaxy Candidate or Massive Black Hole Flyby
Mengke Zhao, Guang-Xing Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20832 https://

Galactic Contrail in NGC 3627 caused by Dwarf Galaxy Candidate or Massive Black Hole Flyby
We report the discovery of a kpc scale molecular contrail in the spiral galaxy NGC 3627, a narrow structure spanning 8 kpc in length with a width of 200 pc and an extreme aspect ratio of 40, observed in both mid-infrared dust emission (PHANGS-JWST) and CO(2-1) gas (PHANGS-ALMA). This contrail size significantly exceeds the size of any known analogs in the Milky Way and exhibits supersonic turbulence (10 km/s). Its morphology and dynamics are consistent with gravitational focusing by a flyby com…

Exploration of the Near-Infrared Colors of Cold Y Dwarfs from the Ground and Space
S. K. Leggett, Mark W. Phillips, Pascal Tremblin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05514 https://

Exploration of the Near-Infrared Colors of Cold Y Dwarfs from the Ground and Space
JWST has provided critical mid-infrared data for cold brown dwarfs. It has also provided low-resolution near-infrared spectra, and for faint sources these are the first spectra at these wavelengths. We use these data and other literature sources to synthesize near-infrared photometry on the MKO system for 19 T and Y dwarfs, on the Euclid system for 44 T and Y dwarfs, and on the Roman system for 48 T and Y dwarfs. We also synthesize Euclid I_E magnitudes for 15 T and Y dwarfs. Using the Beiler e…

The End of the Road for Far-infrared Reddening Maps? Evidence for Reddening Errors Driven by Changes in PAH Abundance
Dennis Lee, Brandon S. Hensley, Tzu-Ching Chang, Olivier Dor\'e
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11746

The End of the Road for Far-infrared Reddening Maps? Evidence for Reddening Errors Driven by Changes in PAH Abundance
Accurate correction for extinction by Galactic dust is essential for studying the extragalactic sky. In the low-extinction regions of the Ursa Major molecular cloud complex, we demonstrate that Galactic dust reddening maps constructed from observations of far-infrared emission are insensitive to variations in the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and, as a result, to PAH-induced variations in reddening. Using galaxy counts to validate various reddening maps, we find evidence…

A Near-Infrared Spectral Library of Very Young Brown Dwarfs and Planetary-Mass Objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Elena Manjavacas, Mario Gennaro, Sarah Betti, Laurent Pueyo, William Balmer, Massimo Robberto
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14035

A Near-Infrared Spectral Library of Very Young Brown Dwarfs and Planetary-Mass Objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Age-benchmark brown dwarfs' and planetary-mass objects' spectroscopy is key to characterize substellar evolution. In this paper we present the JHK medium resolution (R~3000) spectra of 25 7-75 M_Jup (spectral types L3.0-M6.0) brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster obtained with MOSFIRE installed at the W. M. Keck I telescope. We obtained the spectral types of the targets in our sample using template brown dwarf and planetary-mass objects' spectra. We confirmed their…

Early Stages of Dusty Tori: The First Infrared Spectra from a Highly Multiscale Quasar Simulation
Jaeden Bardati, Philip F. Hopkins, Gordon T. Richards
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09770

Early Stages of Dusty Tori: The First Infrared Spectra from a Highly Multiscale Quasar Simulation
We present the first infrared spectral predictions from a self-consistent simulation of the formation of a quasar in a starburst galaxy, spanning cosmological to innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) scales. The infrared emission is dominated by a torus-like dust structure composed of the highly magnetized, turbulence-supported outer accretion disk and of accreting gas tidally torn from the interstellar medium (ISM). At these early stages, the AGN is buried and Compton-thick. The near- to mid-…

Infrared spectral signatures of light r-process elements in kilonovae
Anders Jerkstrand, Quentin Pognan, Smaranika Banerjee, Nicholas Sterling, Jon Grumer, Niamh Ferguson, Keith Butler, James Gillanders, Stephen Smartt, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Blanka Vilagos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12410

Infrared spectral signatures of light r-process elements in kilonovae
A central question regarding neutron star mergers is whether they are able to produce all the r-process elements, from first to third peak. The high abundances of first-peak elements (atomic number $Z \sim 31-40$) in the solar composition means they may dominate the ejecta mass in kilonovae. We here study theoretical infrared signatures of such light elements with spectral synthesis modelling. By combining state-of-the-art NLTE physics with new radiative and collisional data for these elements,…

Evolution of the infrared luminosity function and its corresponding dust-obscured star formation rate density out to z~6
M. P. Koprowski, J. V. Wijesekera, J. S. Dunlop, K. Lisiecki, D. J. McLeod, R. J. McLure, M. J. Micha{\l}owski, M. Solar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12922

Evolution of the infrared luminosity function and its corresponding dust-obscured star formation rate density out to z~6
We present a new determination of the evolving far-infrared galaxy luminosity function (FIR LF) and the resulting inferred evolution of dust-obscured star-formation rate density (SFRD) out to redshift z~6. To establish the evolving co-moving number density of FIR-bright objects, we make use of the high-resolution ALMA follow-up study (AS2UDS), of the JCMT SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) sub-mm imaging in the UKIDSS UDS survey field. In order to estimate the contributions of faint/low-ma…

Modeling the JWST MIRI Counts, Insights Into the Source Properties and Role of Dust-Obscured AGN
Edgar P. Vidal, Anna Sajina, Amber R. Banks, Matthieu B\'ethermin, Carl Ferkinhoff, Andreea Petric, Alexandra Pope, Jianwei Lyu, Vivian U, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Pallavi Patil
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15331

Modeling the JWST MIRI Counts, Insights Into the Source Properties and Role of Dust-Obscured AGN
Understanding the co-evolution of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) requires accurate modeling of dust-obscured systems. Recent surveys using the Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have uncovered a large population of dust obscured AGN, challenging current theoretical frameworks. We present an updated version of the Simulated Infrared Extragalactic Dusty Sky (SIDES) simulation framework. Our updates include modified star-forming and starburst ga…

The age and metallicity dependence of the near-infrared absolute magnitude and colour of red clump stars
Hiroki Onozato, Yoshifusa Ita, Yoshikazu Nakada
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09168

The age and metallicity dependence of the near-infrared absolute magnitude and colour of red clump stars
Understanding the age and metallicity dependence of the absolute magnitude and colour of red clump (RC) stars is crucial for validating the accuracy of stellar evolution models and enhancing their reliability as a standard candle. However, this dependence has previously been investigated in the near-infrared across multiple bands only for -1.05 $\leq$ [Fe/H] $\leq$ 0.40, a range accessible through the star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Therefore, we used star clusters in the Small Mag…

Probing Dust and PAH Chemistry in Evolved Carbon-Rich Nebulae through Optical and Infrared Observations
Rahul Kumar Anand, Atul Kumar Singh, Saurabh Sharma, Brijesh Kumar, Shantanu Rastogi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04989

Probing Dust and PAH Chemistry in Evolved Carbon-Rich Nebulae through Optical and Infrared Observations
This study presents optical and near-infrared photometric observations, alongside mid-infrared spectroscopic data from the ISO SWS instrument, to examine potential correlations between Aromatic Infrared Band (AIB) features and the optical properties of carbon-rich evolved stars. Identifying such correlations can provide valuable constraints on the evolutionary pathways of low- to intermediate-mass stars beyond the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Photometric measurements in the U, B, V, R, …