Tootfinder

QBism and relational interpretation of quantum mechanics from the point of view of a contextual quantum realism (CQR)
Francois-Igor Pris
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09237 https:/…

QBism and relational interpretation of quantum mechanics from the point of view of a contextual quantum realism (CQR)
A realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed - Contextual Quantum Realism (CQR) - according to which there exists a categorical distinction between the ideal (theory, observation instrument) and the real (quantum physical systems, properties), and, consequently, quantum ontology is context-sensitive. CQR is compared with QBism and Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM), both of which also claim to offer realist interpretations. However, both approaches conflate the ideal and the real, …

Judge *schooled* him: 'Defendants are not entitled to “deference” on the issue of what constitutes a rebellion for purposes of the Act, nor what it means to be “unable with the regular forces to execute the laws.” **Those are matters of statutory interpretation, a function committed to the courts**. … Defendants must support their position by pointing the Court to some of the facts upon which it bases its conclusions'
It Turns Out, Americans Don't Want a Police State
https://contrarian.substack.com/p/it-turns-out-americans-dont-want

GLAM: Geometry-Guided Local Alignment for Multi-View VLP in Mammography
Yuexi Du, Lihui Chen, Nicha C. Dvornek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10344 https://arx…

GLAM: Geometry-Guided Local Alignment for Multi-View VLP in Mammography
Mammography screening is an essential tool for early detection of breast cancer. The speed and accuracy of mammography interpretation have the potential to be improved with deep learning methods. However, the development of a foundation visual language model (VLM) is hindered by limited data and domain differences between natural and medical images. Existing mammography VLMs, adapted from natural images, often ignore domain-specific characteristics, such as multi-view relationships in mammograp…

DPO-Tuned Large Language Models for Segmentation in Simultaneous Speech Translation
Zeyu Yang, Satoshi Nakamura
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12195 https://ar…

DPO-Tuned Large Language Models for Segmentation in Simultaneous Speech Translation
Simultaneous speech translation requires accurate segmentation to balance translation quality and latency. Recent studies such as SHAS have introduced pretrained segmentation models, achieving stronger performance than heuristic rules. However, segmentation models such as SHAS, though pretrained and more robust than heuristic methods, are still constrained by supervised learning objectives and do not incorporate human preference alignment, which is crucial for natural real-time interpretation. …

ArtPerception: ASCII Art-based Jailbreak on LLMs with Recognition Pre-test
Guan-Yan Yang, Tzu-Yu Cheng, Ya-Wen Teng, Farn Wanga, Kuo-Hui Yeh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10281 htt…

ArtPerception: ASCII Art-based Jailbreak on LLMs with Recognition Pre-test
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into computer applications has introduced transformative capabilities but also significant security challenges. Existing safety alignments, which primarily focus on semantic interpretation, leave LLMs vulnerable to attacks that use non-standard data representations. This paper introduces ArtPerception, a novel black-box jailbreak framework that strategically leverages ASCII art to bypass the security measures of state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs. Unlik…

RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Lauren H. Cooke, Matthias Jung, Jan M. Brendel, Nora M. Kerkovits, Borek Foldyna, Michael T. Lu, Vineet K. Raghu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08640

RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are among the most common tests in medicine. Automated image interpretation may reduce radiologists\' workload and expand access to diagnostic expertise. Deep learning multi-task and foundation models have shown strong performance for CXR interpretation but are vulnerable to shortcut learning, where models rely on spurious and off-target correlations rather than clinically relevant features to make decisions. We introduce RoentMod, a counterfactual image editing framewo…

Decomposing Conditional Independence Ideals with Hidden Variables: A Matroid-Theoretic Approach
Emiliano Liwski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12570 https://ar…

Decomposing Conditional Independence Ideals with Hidden Variables: A Matroid-Theoretic Approach
We study a class of determinantal ideals arising from conditional independence (CI) statements with hidden variables. Such CI statements translate into determinantal conditions on a matrix whose entries represent the probabilities of events involving the observed random variables. Our main objective is to determine the irreducible components of the corresponding varieties and to provide a combinatorial or geometric interpretation of each. We achieve this by introducing a new approach rooted in …

Search for the $D^{*}\bar{D}^{*}$ Molecular State $X_{2}(4013)$ in $K^{-}p$ and $pp$ Collisions
Min Yuan, Yin Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12292 https://

Search for the $D^{*}\bar{D}^{*}$ Molecular State $X_{2}(4013)$ in $K^{-}p$ and $pp$ Collisions
Motivated by the interpretation of $X(3872)$ as a $D\bar{D}^{*}$ molecular state, heavy-quark spin symmetry predicts a spin-2 partner, $X_{2}(4013)$, which can be regarded as a $D^{*}\bar{D}^{*}$ molecule with quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 2^{++}$. Its experimental confirmation, however, remains elusive. In this work, we investigate the production mechanisms of $X_{2}(4013)$ in the reactions $K^{-}p \to Λ_{c}^{+} D_{s}^{-} X_{2}(4013)$ and $pp \to Λ_{c}^{+}Λ_{c}^{+} X_{2}(4013)$ within an effect…

On the permutation invariance principle for causal estimands
Jiaqi Tong, Fan Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11863 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11863

On the permutation invariance principle for causal estimands
In many causal inference problems, multiple action variables share the same causal role, such as mediators, factors, network units, or genotypes, yet lack a natural ordering. To avoid ambiguity in interpretation, causal estimands should remain unchanged under relabeling, an implicit principle we refer to as permutation invariance. We formally characterize this principle, analyze its algebraic and combinatorial structure for verification, and present a class of weighted estimands that are permut…

The 3D index and Dehn filling
Daniele Celoria, Craig D. Hodgson, J. Hyam Rubinstein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09886 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09886

The 3D index and Dehn filling
We provide a rigorous proof of the Gang-Yonekura formula describing the transformation of the 3D index under Dehn filling a cusp in an orientable 3-manifold. The 3D index, originally introduced by Dimofte, Gaiotto and Gukov, is a physically inspired q-series that encodes deep topological and geometric information about cusped 3-manifolds. Building on the interpretation of the 3D index as a generating function over Q-normal surfaces, we introduce a relative version of the index for ideal triangu…

Preserving Core Structures of Social Networks via Information Guided Multi-Step Graph Pruning
Yutong Hu, Bingxin Zhou, Jing Wang, Weishu Zhao, Liang Hong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10499

Preserving Core Structures of Social Networks via Information Guided Multi-Step Graph Pruning
Social networks often contain dense and overlapping connections that obscure their essential interaction patterns, making analysis and interpretation challenging. Identifying the structural backbone of such networks is crucial for understanding community organization, information flow, and functional relationships. This study introduces a multi-step network pruning framework that leverages principles from information theory to balance structural complexity and task-relevant information. The fra…

Tracing the Physical Lineage of GRB 211211A: Population Constraints on NS-WD Merger Gamma-Ray Bursts
Xiao-Tian Xu, Bin-Bin Zhang, Yun-Lang Guo, Xiang-Dong Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10551

Tracing the Physical Lineage of GRB 211211A: Population Constraints on NS-WD Merger Gamma-Ray Bursts
The peculiar long gamma-ray burst (GRB) event, GRB 211211A, is known for it is association with a kilonova feature. Whereas most long GRBs are thought to originate in the core collapse of massive stars, the presence of kilonova suggests GRB 211211A was instead produced by a merger of a compact object binary. Building on the interpretation put forward by \citet{Yang2022Natur.612..232Y}--who argue that GRB 211211A was powered by a massive white-dwarf + neutron-star (WD-NS) merger--we adopt this W…

Algorithmic Temperature Induced by Adopted Regular Universal Turing Machine
Kentaro Imafuku
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11737 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.117…

Algorithmic Temperature Induced by Adopted Regular Universal Turing Machine
We prove that an effective temperature naturally emerges from the algorithmic structure of a regular universal Turing machine (UTM), without introducing any external physical parameter. In particular, the redundancy growth of the machine's wrapper language induces a Boltzmann--like exponential weighting over program lengths, yielding a canonical ensemble interpretation of algorithmic probability. This establishes a formal bridge between algorithmic information theory and statistical mechanics, …

The rings of (2060) Chiron: Evidence of an evolving system
C. L. Pereira, F. Braga-Ribas, B. Sicardy, R. Leiva, M. Assafin, B. E. Morgado, J. L. Ortiz, P. Santos-Sanz, J. I. B. Camargo, G. Margoti, Y. Kilic, G. Benedetti-Rossi, R. Vieira-Martins, T. F. L. L. Pinheiro, R. Sfair, F. L. Rommel, A. R. Gomes-J\'unior, R. C. Boufleur, R. Duffard, J. Desmars, D. Souami, N. Morales, F. Arrese, K. Barkaoui, A. Burdanov, C. A. Colazo, C. A. Domingues, H. Dutra, R. C. Gargalhone, C. Jacques, …

The rings of (2060) Chiron: Evidence of an evolving system
The centaur (2060) Chiron has long been a candidate for hosting material in orbit, based on occultation and photometric and spectroscopic data. Here, we present a multichord stellar occultation observed on 2023 September 10 UT that reveals new and complex structures surrounding Chiron. High-cadence light curves show multiple secondary events that are best explained (when compared with a multishell interpretation) with a system of three confined rings located at average radii of 273, 325, and 43…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Interpretation of Radio Regulations
Zakaria El Kassimi, Fares Fourati, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09651 https://…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Interpretation of Radio Regulations
We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice evaluation set for this domain, constructed from authoritative sources using automated filtering and human validation. To assess retrieval quality, we define a domain-specific retrieval metric, under which our retriever achieves approximately 97% accuracy. B…

BEES: Quasar lifetime measurements from extended rest-optical emission line nebulae at $z\sim6$
Dominika \v{D}urov\v{c}\'ikov\'a, Anna-Christina Eilers, Yuzo Ishikawa, Minghao Yue, Marianne Vestergaard, Frederick B. Davies, Jan-Torge Schindler, Xiaohui Fan, Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia, Marta Volonteri, Robert A. Simcoe, Joseph F. Hennawi, Laura Blecha, Irham T. Andika, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Rebekka Bieri

BEES: Quasar lifetime measurements from extended rest-optical emission line nebulae at $z\sim6$
Measurements of quasar lifetimes at high redshift indicate that the earliest billion-solar-mass supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have only been active as luminous quasars for less than a million years. Recently, extended Ly$α$ nebulae around $z\sim6$ quasars have revealed that these short observed lifetimes are unlikely a sightline-dependent effect. However, the interpretation of Ly$α$ emission is not straightforward due to its resonant nature. In this work, we use rest-frame optical emission…

A one-world interpretation of quantum mechanics
Isaac Layton, Jonathan Oppenheim, Zachary Weller-Davies
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09149 https://arxiv.org/…

A one-world interpretation of quantum mechanics
The measurement problem is the issue of explaining how the objective classical world emerges from a quantum one. Here we take a different approach. We assume that there is an objective classical system, and then ask that the standard rules of probability theory apply to it when it interacts with a quantum system. Under mild assumptions, we recover the unitary dynamics, collapse and Born rule postulates from quantum theory. Nonetheless, there is no decoherence, because the quantum state remains …

GARD: Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising for Retinal OCT
Botond Fazekas, Thomas Pinetz, Guilherme Aresta, Taha Emre, Hrvoje Bogunovic
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10341

GARD: Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising for Retinal OCT
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a vital imaging modality for diagnosing and monitoring retinal diseases. However, OCT images are inherently degraded by speckle noise, which obscures fine details and hinders accurate interpretation. While numerous denoising methods exist, many struggle to balance noise reduction with the preservation of crucial anatomical structures. This paper introduces GARD (Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising), a novel deep learning approach for OCT image …

Everything hinges on the subjective interpretation of condition #4: "Making an obvious action which CLEARLY IMPACTS ON THE ABILITY OF AN OPPONENT TO PLAY THE BALL"
Webb: "Only Donnarumma truly knows if he was impacted by this and we have to look at the factual evidence."
I'm screaming at Owen to ask, "if only he knows, what evidence do you see that he is clearly impacted?"
If none, the condition isn't met and thus the on-field decision …

$\alpha$-leakage Interpretation of R\'{e}nyi Capacity
Ni Ding, Farhad Farokhi, Tao Guo, Yinfei Xu, Xiang Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06622 https://

$α$-leakage Interpretation of Rényi Capacity
For $\tilde{f}(t) = \exp(\frac{α-1}αt)$, this paper shows that the Sibson mutual information is an $α$-leakage averaged over the adversary's $\tilde{f}$-mean relative information gain (on the secret) at elementary event of channel output $Y$ as well as the joint occurrence of elementary channel input $X$ and output $Y$. This interpretation is used to derive a sufficient condition that achieves a $δ$-approximation of $ε$-upper bounded $α$-leakage. A $Y$-elementary $α$-leakage is proposed,…

Geometric Interpretation of the Redshift Evolution of H_0(z)
Seokcheon Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07454 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.07454 https://arxiv.org/html/2511.07454
arXiv:2511.07454v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Recent analyses of the Master Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) sample have revealed a mild redshift dependence in the inferred local Hubble parameter, often expressed as tilde{H}_0(z) = H_0 (1 z)^{-\alpha}, where \alpha quantifies possible departures from the standard cosmological time dilation relation. In this work, we show that such an empirical scaling can be interpreted as a purely geometric effect arising from a small, gauge-dependent normalization of cosmic time within the Robertson-Walker metric. This interpretation naturally unifies the observed redshift evolution of tilde{H}_0(z) and the corresponding deviation in SN Ia light-curve durations under a single geometric time-normalization framework. We demonstrate that this mapping leaves all background distances--linked to the Hubble radius in the general-relativistic frame--unchanged, while the apparent evolution in SN Ia luminosity distances arises from the redshift dependence of the Chandrasekhar mass. The result provides a unified and observationally consistent explanation of the mild Hubble-tension trend as a manifestation of the geometric structure of cosmic time rather than a modification of the expansion dynamics.
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Algebraic interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials on the triangle: the pentagonal way
Nicolas Cramp\'e, Quentin Labriet, Lucia Morey, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Luc Vinet, Alexei Zhedanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07949

Algebraic interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials on the triangle: the pentagonal way
The rank two Jacobi algebra $\mathcal{J}_2$ is used to provide an interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials $J_{n,k}^{(a,b,c)}(x,y)$ on the triangle, as overlaps between two representation bases. The subalgebra structure of $\mathcal{J}_2$ depicted via a pentagonal graph is exploited to find the explicit expression of the two-variable functions in terms of univariate Jacobi polynomials. It is also seen to provide an explanation for the fact that the expansion on the basis $J_{n,k}^{…

Weakening assumptions in the evaluation of treatment effects in longitudinal randomized trials with truncation by death or other intercurrent events
Georgi Baklicharov, Kelly Van Lancker, Stijn Vansteelandt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10067

Weakening assumptions in the evaluation of treatment effects in longitudinal randomized trials with truncation by death or other intercurrent events
Intercurrent events, such as treatment switching, rescue medication, or truncation by death, can complicate the interpretation of intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses in randomized clinical trials. Recent advances in causal inference address these challenges by targeting alternative estimands, such as hypothetical estimands or principal stratum estimands (e.g., survivor average causal effects). However, such approaches often require strong, unverifiable assumptions, partly due to limited data on t…

Sequencing on Silicon: AI SoC Design for Mobile Genomics at the Edge
Sebastian Magierowski, Zhongpan Wu, Abel Beyene, Karim Hammad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09339 https://

Sequencing on Silicon: AI SoC Design for Mobile Genomics at the Edge
Miniature DNA sequencing hardware has begun to succeed in mobile contexts, driving demand for efficient machine learning at the edge. This domain leverages deep learning techniques familiar from speech and time-series analysis for both low-level signal processing and high-level genomic interpretation. Unlike audio, however, nanopore sequencing presents raw data rates over 100X higher, requiring more aggressive compute and memory handling. In this paper, we present a CMOS system-on-chip (SoC) de…

Performance of GPT-5 in Brain Tumor MRI Reasoning
Mojtaba Safari, Shansong Wang, Mingzhe Hu, Zach Eidex, Qiang Li, Xiaofeng Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10865 https://…

Performance of GPT-5 in Brain Tumor MRI Reasoning
Accurate differentiation of brain tumor types on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical for guiding treatment planning in neuro-oncology. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled visual question answering (VQA) approaches that integrate image interpretation with natural language reasoning. In this study, we evaluated GPT-4o, GPT-5-nano, GPT-5-mini, and GPT-5 on a curated brain tumor VQA benchmark derived from 3 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) datasets - glioblastoma (…

On some 2-binomial coefficients of binary words: geometrical interpretation, partitions of integers, and fair words
Gwena\"el Richomme (LIRMM | ESCAPE, UMPV)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07159

On some 2-binomial coefficients of binary words: geometrical interpretation, partitions of integers, and fair words
The binomial notation (w u) represents the number of occurrences of the word u as a (scattered) subword in w. We first introduce and study possible uses of a geometrical interpretation of (w ab) and (w ba) when a and b are distinct letters. We then study the structure of the 2-binomial equivalence class of a binary word w (two words are 2-binomially equivalent if they have the same binomial coefficients, that is, the same numbers of occurrences, for each word of length at most 2). Especially we…

A Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Interpretation with Grounded Reasoning via Online Reinforcement Learning
Qika Lin, Yifan Zhu, Bin Pu, Ling Huang, Haoran Luo, Jingying Ma, Zhen Peng, Tianzhe Zhao, Fangzhi Xu, Jian Zhang, Kai He, Zhonghong Ou, Swapnil Mishra, Mengling Feng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03906

A Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Interpretation with Grounded Reasoning via Online Reinforcement Learning
Medical foundation models (FMs) have shown tremendous promise amid the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. However, current medical FMs typically generate answers in a black-box manner, lacking transparent reasoning processes and locally grounded interpretability, which hinders their practical clinical deployments. To this end, we introduce DeepMedix-R1, a holistic medical FM for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation. It leverages a sequential training pipeline: initiall…

Lagrangian interpretation of Abel-Jacobi mappings associated to Fano threefolds
Rodolfo Aguilar, Mark Green, Phillip Griffiths
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06197 https://

Lagrangian interpretation of Abel-Jacobi mappings associated to Fano threefolds
Using the general framework due to Donagi-Markman \cite{DM} and Markushevich \cite{M} we shall derive an expression for the differential of Abel-Jacobi mappings on Fano threefolds. This formula involves information normal to the Lagrangian submanifolds constructed in \cite{DM} and \cite{M}. It may be applied to give new proofs of a number of classical results about these varieties.

Neural correlates of perceptual consciousness from within: a narrative review of human intracranial research
Francois Stockart, Alexis Robin, Hal Blumenfeld, Milan Brazdil, Philippe Kahane, Liad Mudrik, Jasmine Thum, Michael Pereira, Nathan Faivre
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08736

Neural correlates of perceptual consciousness from within: a narrative review of human intracranial research
Despite many years of research, the quest to identify neural correlates of perceptual consciousness (NCC) remains unresolved. One major obstacle lies in methodological limitations: most studies rely on non-invasive neural measures with limited spatial or temporal resolution making it difficult to disentangle proper NCCs from concurrent cognitive processes. Additionally, the relatively low sensitivity of non-invasive neural measures limits the interpretation of null findings in studies targeting…

Observation of a pseudoscalar excess at the $t\bar{t}$ threshold
Alexander Grohsjean
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09070 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.09070

Observation of a pseudoscalar excess at the $t\bar{t}$ threshold
The CMS Collaboration recently observed a pseudoscalar excess of top quark-antiquark ($t\bar{t}$) events near the production threshold. One possible interpretation involves the formation of a short-lived quasi-bound state of $t\bar{t}$. This proceeding summarizes the first presentation of the results at the 59th Rencontres de Moriond and outlines its potential implications.

Acoustic transparency in dense granular suspensions
Arnaud Tourin, Yamil Abraham, Marie Palla, Arthur Le Ber, Romain Pierrat, Nicolas Benech, Carlos Negreira, Xiaoping Jia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09486

Acoustic transparency in dense granular suspensions
We demonstrate the existence of a frequency band exhibiting acoustic transparency in 2D and 3D dense granular suspensions, enabling the transmission of a low-frequency ballistic wave excited by a high-frequency broadband ultrasound pulse. This phenomenon is attributed to spatial correlations in the structural disorder of the medium. To support this interpretation, we use an existing model that incorporates such correlations via the structure factor. Its predictions are shown to agree well with …

Judge orders White House to restore sign language interpreters at briefings by Trump, Leavitt (Kyle Cheney/Politico)
https://www.politico.com/news/2025/11/04/sign-language-interpretation-white-house-briefings-ruling-00636782
http://www.memeorandum.com/251104/p153#a251104p153

Mephisto: Self-Improving Large Language Model-Based Agents for Automated Interpretation of Multi-band Galaxy Observations
Zechang Sun, Yuan-Sen Ting, Yaobo Liang, Nan Duan, Song Huang, Zheng Cai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08354

Mephisto: Self-Improving Large Language Model-Based Agents for Automated Interpretation of Multi-band Galaxy Observations
Astronomical research has long relied on human expertise to interpret complex data and formulate scientific hypotheses. In this study, we introduce Mephisto -- a multi-agent collaboration framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that emulates human-like reasoning for analyzing multi-band galaxy observations. Mephisto interfaces with the CIGALE codebase (a library of spectral energy distribution, SED, models) to iteratively refine physical models against observational data. It conducts …

A Martingale Kernel Two-Sample Test
Anirban Chatterjee, Aaditya Ramdas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11853 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11853

A Martingale Kernel Two-Sample Test
The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a widely used multivariate distance metric for two-sample testing. The standard MMD test statistic has an intractable null distribution typically requiring costly resampling or permutation approaches for calibration. In this work we leverage a martingale interpretation of the estimated squared MMD to propose martingale MMD (mMMD), a quadratic-time statistic which has a limiting standard Gaussian distribution under the null. Moreover we show that the test is…

Interpretation of measured 3x3 partial depolarizing Mueller matrices
Jose J. Gil, Ignacio San Jose, Monica Canabal-Carbia, Juan Campos, Angel Lizana, Irene Estevez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06305

Interpretation of measured 3x3 partial depolarizing Mueller matrices
Mueller polarimetry is a powerful technique with broad applications in astronomy, remote sensing, advanced material analysis, and biomedical imaging. However, instrumental constraints frequently restrict the measurement to an incomplete Mueller matrix limited to its upper-left 3x3 submatrix. Simply padding the missing entries with zeros to form a 4x4 matrix can produce physically inconsistent results, even for nondepolarizing systems. To address this issue, we present a systematic procedure to …

Physical interpretation of the oscillation spectrum on the RGB and AGB
G. Dr\'eau, Y. Lebreton, B. Mosser, D. Stello
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04955 https://

Physical interpretation of the oscillation spectrum on the RGB and AGB
The high-frequency resolution of the four-year $\textit{Kepler}$ time series allows detailed study of seismic modes in luminous giants. Seismic observables help infer interior structures via comparisons with stellar models. We aim to investigate differences between H-shell (Red-Giant Branch; RGB) and He-burning (red clump and Asymptotic-Giant Branch; AGB) stars in the He-II ionisation zone and the sensitivity of seismic parameters to input physics in stellar models. We used a grid of stellar mo…

Autonomous interpretation of atomistic scattering data
Andy S. Anker, John L. A. Gardner, Louise A. M. Rosset, Andrew L. Goodwin, Volker L. Deringer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05938

Autonomous interpretation of atomistic scattering data
Materials with bespoke properties have long been identified by computational searches, and their experimental realisation is now coming within reach through autonomous laboratories. Scattering experiments are central to verifying the atomic structures of autonomously synthesised materials. Yet, interpreting these measurements typically requires user expertise and manual processing, or machine learning (ML) models trained on predefined datasets, limiting fully autonomous materials discovery. Her…

Characterization of Lattice Properties Within Modal Extensions
Alfredo R. Freire (Department of Philosophy, University of Brasilia, Brasil), Manuel A. Martins (Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, Portugal)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25882

Characterization of Lattice Properties Within Modal Extensions
This paper investigates the extension of lattice-based logics into modal languages. We observe that such extensions admit multiple approaches, as the interpretation of the necessity operator is not uniquely determined by the underlying lattice structure. The most natural interpretation defines necessity as the meet of the truth values of a formula across all accessible worlds -- an approach we refer to as the \textitnormal interpretation. We examine the logical properties that emerge under this…

Spatial-Spectral Chromatic Coding of Interference Signatures in SAR Imagery: Signal Modeling and Physical-Visual Interpretation
Huizhang Yang, Chengzhi Chen, Liyuan Chen, Zhongling Huang, Zhong Liu, Jian Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08693

Spatial-Spectral Chromatic Coding of Interference Signatures in SAR Imagery: Signal Modeling and Physical-Visual Interpretation
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are conventionally visualized as grayscale amplitude representations, which often fail to explicitly reveal interference characteristics caused by external radio emitters and unfocused signals. This paper proposes a novel spatial-spectral chromatic coding method for visual analysis of interference patterns in single-look complex (SLC) SAR imagery. The method first generates a series of spatial-spectral images via spectral subband decomposition that preserve…

Predicting Market Troughs: A Machine Learning Approach with Causal Interpretation
Peilin Rao, Randall R. Rojas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05922 https://arx…

Predicting Market Troughs: A Machine Learning Approach with Causal Interpretation
This paper provides robust, new evidence on the causal drivers of market troughs. We demonstrate that conclusions about these triggers are critically sensitive to model specification, moving beyond restrictive linear models with a flexible DML average partial effect causal machine learning framework. Our robust estimates identify the volatility of options-implied risk appetite and market liquidity as key causal drivers, relationships misrepresented or obscured by simpler models. These findings …

The near critical random bond ising model via embedding deformation
Remy Mahfouf
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08928 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08928

The near critical random bond ising model via embedding deformation
Using the formalism of differential equations, we introduce a new method to continuously deform the $s$-embeddings associated with a family of Ising models as their coupling constants vary. This provides a geometric interpretation of the critical scaling window $\asymp n^{-1}$ for the model on the $n \times n$ box. We then drive this deterministic deformation process by i.i.d.\ Brownian motions on each edge, centered at the critical model, thereby generating random $s$-embeddings as solutions t…

Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Pricing Theory
Tian Xin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06287 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.06287

Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Pricing Theory
Motivated by Heisenberg's observable-only stance, we replace latent "information" (filtrations, hidden diffusions, state variables) with observable transitions between price states. On a discrete price lattice with a Hilbert-space representation, shift operators and the spectral calculus of the price define observable frequency operators and a translation-invariant convolution generator. Combined with jump operators that encode transition intensities, this yields a completely positive, translat…

The Schr\"odinger equation for a spherically symmetric system, its structure and solutions
R. I. Ayala O\~na, T. P. Shestakova
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08523 https://

The Schrödinger equation for a spherically symmetric system, its structure and solutions
The Wheeler - DeWitt geometrodynamics, as the first attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity, faces certain challenges, including the problem of time and the interpretation of the wave function. In this paper, we present the extended phase space approach to quantization of gravity as an alternative approach to the Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics. For a spacetime with a nontrivial topology, the Wheeler - DeWitt equation loses its sense, but we can derive the Schrödinger equation…

Physics and Geometry of Complex Structure Limits in Type IIB Calabi-Yau Compactifications
Jeroen Monnee, Timo Weigand, Max Wiesner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07056 https://

Physics and Geometry of Complex Structure Limits in Type IIB Calabi-Yau Compactifications
We provide a detailed geometric and physical interpretation of infinite distance limits in the complex structure moduli space of Type IIB compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, motivated by the Emergent String Conjecture. In the framework of semi-stable degenerations, such limits are characterised by a simple fibration structure of the fastest vanishing three-cycles. The previously studied Hodge theoretic classification of infinite distance limits of type II, III, and IV is reflected in th…

Pre/Absence: Prompting Cultural Awareness and Understanding for Lost Architectural Heritage in Virtual Reality
Yaning Li, Ke Zhao, Shucheng Zheng, Xingyu Chen, Chenyi Chen, Wenxi Dai, Weile Jiang, Qi Dong, Yiqing Zhao, Meng Li, Lin-Ping Yuan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07967

Pre/Absence: Prompting Cultural Awareness and Understanding for Lost Architectural Heritage in Virtual Reality
Lost architectural heritage presents interpretive challenges due to vanished structures and fragmented historical records. Using Hanyuan Hall of the Tang dynasty's Daming Palace as a case study, we conducted a formative investigation with archaeologists, heritage administrators, and visitors to identify key issues in current interpretation practices. We found that these practices often compress complex cultural layers into factual summaries and rely on linear narratives that overlook the contin…

The anisotropic expansion rate of the local Universe and its covariant cosmographic interpretation
Basheer Kalbouneh, Christian Marinoni, Roy Maartens, Julien Bel, Jessica Santiago, Chris Clarkson, Maharshi Sarma, Jean-Marc Virey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02510

The anisotropic expansion rate of the local Universe and its covariant cosmographic interpretation
Without making any assumption on the underlying geometry and metric of the local Universe, we provide a measurement of the expansion rate fluctuation field using the Cosmicflows-4 and Pantheon+ samples in the redshift range $0.01 < z < 0.1$ ($30 \,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc} < R < 300\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}$). The amplitude of the anisotropic fluctuations is found to be of order a few percent relative to the monopole of the expansion rate. We further decompose the expansion rate fluctuation field int…

When any four solutions are independent
James Freitag
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08387 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.08387

When any four solutions are independent
We show that if any four distinct solutions of a rational difference equation are algebraically independent, then any number of distinct solutions to the equation are independent. A nontrivial variant of this result is given for autonomous difference equations or algebraic dynamical systems, where we show the degree of nonminimality is at most one. The results have a natural interpretation in terms of invariant or periodic subvarieties of algebraic dynamical systems and $σ$-varieties. Surprisi…

Documents Are People and Words Are Items: A Psychometric Approach to Textual Data with Contextual Embeddings
Jinsong Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08920 https://

Documents Are People and Words Are Items: A Psychometric Approach to Textual Data with Contextual Embeddings
This research introduces a novel psychometric method for analyzing textual data using large language models. By leveraging contextual embeddings to create contextual scores, we transform textual data into response data suitable for psychometric analysis. Treating documents as individuals and words as items, this approach provides a natural psychometric interpretation under the assumption that certain keywords, whose contextual meanings vary significantly across documents, can effectively differ…

Higher-Order Feature Attribution: Bridging Statistics, Explainable AI, and Topological Signal Processing
Kurt Butler, Guanchao Feng, Petar Djuric
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06165

Higher-Order Feature Attribution: Bridging Statistics, Explainable AI, and Topological Signal Processing
Feature attributions are post-training analysis methods that assess how various input features of a machine learning model contribute to an output prediction. Their interpretation is straightforward when features act independently, but becomes less direct when the predictive model involves interactions such as multiplicative relationships or joint feature contributions. In this work, we propose a general theory of higher-order feature attribution, which we develop on the foundation of Integrate…

Right-wing pastor Ralph Drollinger, leads Bible studies for members of Congress and the Trump administration via his Capitol Ministries organization.
The purpose of Capitol Ministries is to transform public officials in “disciples”
who will turn founder Drollinger’s very conservative interpretation of scripture into public policy,
such as his belief that the Bible mandates support for right-wing economic, social, environmental, immigration, and criminal justice policies.

How Ralph Drollinger's Right-Wing Bible Study Is Quietly Steering The Ship Of State
Right-wing pastor Ralph Drollinger brags that a new work requirement provision was inserted into the Republican spending bill because of the Bible studies he hosts of members of Congress.

Online Clustering of Seafloor Imagery for Interpretation during Long-Term AUV Operations
Cailei Liang, Adrian Bodenmann, Sam Fenton, Blair Thornton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06678

Online Clustering of Seafloor Imagery for Interpretation during Long-Term AUV Operations
As long-endurance and seafloor-resident AUVs become more capable, there is an increasing need for extended, real-time interpretation of seafloor imagery to enable adaptive missions and optimise communication efficiency. Although offline image analysis methods are well established, they rely on access to complete datasets and human-labelled examples to manage the strong influence of environmental and operational conditions on seafloor image appearance-requirements that cannot be met in real-time…

my interpretation of the new taylor swift album

Reasoning-enhanced Query Understanding through Decomposition and Interpretation
Yunfei Zhong, Jun Yang, Yixing Fan, Jiafeng Guo, Lixin Su, Maarten de Rijke, Ruqing Zhang, Dawei Yin, Xueqi Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06544

Reasoning-enhanced Query Understanding through Decomposition and Interpretation
Accurate inference of user intent is crucial for enhancing document retrieval in modern search engines. While large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in this area, their effectiveness has predominantly been assessed with short, keyword-based queries. As AI-driven search evolves, long-form queries with intricate intents are becoming more prevalent, yet they remain underexplored in the context of LLM-based query understanding (QU). To bridge this gap, we introduce ReDI: a Reaso…

Higher-dimensional Heegaard Floer homology and the polynomial representation of double affine Hecke algebras
Yuan Gao, Eilon Reisin-Tzur, Yin Tian, Tianyu Yuan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06436 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.06436 https://arxiv.org/html/2511.06436
arXiv:2511.06436v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We show that the higher-dimensional Heegaard Floer homology between tuples of cotangent fibers and the conormal bundle of a homotopically nontrivial simple closed curve on $T^2$ recovers the polynomial representation of double affine Hecke algebra of type A. We also give a topological interpretation of Cherednik's inner product on the polynomial representation.
toXiv_bot_toot

Geometric Interpretation of 3-SAT and Phase Transition
Frederic Gillet
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19740 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19740

Geometric Interpretation of 3-SAT and Phase Transition
Interpretation of 3-SAT as a volume filling problem, and its use to explore the SAT/UNSAT phase transition.

Farage: No problem changing GFA to remove ECHR reference
https://www.rte.ie/news/2025/0906/1532172-farage-echr/
<< abso-fucking-lutely a problem. The ECHR reference was added to stop the UK reneging on its agreement by creative interpretation. Farage and his ilk a…

Farage: No problem changing GFA to remove ECHR reference
Leader of Reform UK Nigel Farage has said that he does not see a problem with renegotiating the Good Friday Agreement to remove the reference to the European Convention on Human Rights.

Textual interpretation of transient image classifications from large language models
Fiorenzo Stoppa, Turan Bulmus, Steven Bloemen, Stephen J. Smartt, Paul J. Groot, Paul Vreeswijk, Ken W. Smith
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06931

Textual interpretation of transient image classifications from large language models
Modern astronomical surveys deliver immense volumes of transient detections, yet distinguishing real astrophysical signals (for example, explosive events) from bogus imaging artefacts remains a challenge. Convolutional neural networks are effectively used for real versus bogus classification; however, their reliance on opaque latent representations hinders interpretability. Here we show that large language models (LLMs) can approach the performance level of a convolutional neural network on thr…

Machine learning applications in cold atom quantum simulators
Henning Schl\"omer, Annabelle Bohrdt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08011 https://arxiv.org/…

Machine learning applications in cold atom quantum simulators
As ultracold atom experiments become highly controlled and scalable quantum simulators, they require sophisticated control over high-dimensional parameter spaces and generate increasingly complex measurement data that need to be analyzed and interpreted efficiently. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been established as versatile tools for addressing these challenges, offering strategies for data interpretation, experimental control, and theoretical modeling. In this review, we provide a per…

Combinatorial interpretation of a truncated identity of Gauss
Thomas Y. He, S. Y. Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01216 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01216

Combinatorial interpretation of a truncated identity of Gauss
In 2012, Andrews and Merca proved a truncated theorem on Euler's pentagonal number theorem, which opened up a new study on truncated theta series. In particular, some results on a truncated identity of Guass have been proved. In this article, we provide a new combinatorial interpretation of the truncated identity of Gauss in terms of the minimal excludant non-overlined part of an overpartition.

Prompt-Driven Image Analysis with Multimodal Generative AI: Detection, Segmentation, Inpainting, and Interpretation
Kaleem Ahmad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08489 https://…

Prompt-Driven Image Analysis with Multimodal Generative AI: Detection, Segmentation, Inpainting, and Interpretation
Prompt-driven image analysis converts a single natural-language instruction into multiple steps: locate, segment, edit, and describe. We present a practical case study of a unified pipeline that combines open-vocabulary detection, promptable segmentation, text-conditioned inpainting, and vision-language description into a single workflow. The system works end to end from a single prompt, retains intermediate artifacts for transparent debugging (such as detections, masks, overlays, edited images…

R-parity violation and 8 TeV four-jet events at the LHC: a falsification opportunity for Wagner's Rule
Pedro Bittar, Subhojit Roy, Carlos E. M. Wagner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09062

R-parity violation and 8 TeV four-jet events at the LHC: a falsification opportunity for Wagner's Rule
The CMS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has observed two four-jet events with a total invariant mass of about 8 TeV; within each event, the jets can be paired into two dijets with invariant masses of 2 TeV each. These are extremely rare events due to the large invariant mass, which implies a very small QCD background, as well as to the di-jet structure, which makes it prone to an interpretation in terms of a heavy resonance decaying into two lighter ones. We investigate the pos…

Relative Information Gain and Gaussian Process Regression
Hamish Flynn
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04277 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.04277

Relative Information Gain and Gaussian Process Regression
The sample complexity of estimating or maximising an unknown function in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space is known to be linked to both the effective dimension and the information gain associated with the kernel. While the information gain has an attractive information-theoretic interpretation, the effective dimension typically results in better rates. We introduce a new quantity called the relative information gain, which measures the sensitivity of the information gain with respect to the o…

Deep learning for flash drought forecasting and interpretation
Qian Zhao, Xuwei Tan, Xueru Zhang, Pierre Gentine, Yanlan Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02576 https://

Deep learning for flash drought forecasting and interpretation
Flash droughts are increasingly occurring worldwide due to climate change, causing widespread socioeconomic and agricultural losses. However, timely and accurate flash drought forecasting remains challenging for operational forecast systems due to uncertain representations of interactive hydroclimate processes. Here, we introduce the Interpretable Transformer for Drought (IT-Drought), a deep learning model based on publicly available hydroclimate data. IT-Drought skillfully forecasts soil moist…

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Chunzheng Wang, Jie Wan, Jinfeng Liao, Yugang Ma, Shuzhe Shi, Qiye Shou, Zhengqing Wang, Kegang Xiong, Song Zhang, Liang Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09025

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The search for the Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is carried out by measuring azimuthal correlators for baryon pairs such as $Λ$ and protons. Experimental results from the ALICE collaboration show significant separations in these observables, however, the interpretation remains unclear. It is believed that background contributions from baryon production mechanisms may play an important role. Using three phenomenological models, the Blast Wave, AMPT, and AVFD+…

Derivation of the fourth-order DLSS equation with nonlinear mobility via chemical reactions
Alexander Mielke, Andr\'e Schlichting, Artur Stephan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07149

Derivation of the fourth-order DLSS equation with nonlinear mobility via chemical reactions
We provide a derivation of the fourth-order DLSS equation based on an interpretation as a chemical reaction network. We consider the rate equation on the discretized circle for a process in which pairs of particles occupying the same site simultaneously jump to the two neighboring sites; the reverse process involves pairs of particles at adjacent sites simultaneously jumping back to the site located between them. Depending on the rates, in the vanishing-mesh-size limit we obtain either the clas…

The Structure and Interpretation of Quantum Programs I: Foundations
David Wakeham
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04527 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.04527

The Structure and Interpretation of Quantum Programs I: Foundations
Qubits are a great way to build a quantum computer, but a limited way to program one. We replace the usual "states and gates" formalism with a "props and ops" (propositions and operators) model in which (a) the C*-algebra of observables supplies the syntax; (b) states, viewed as linear functionals, give the semantics; and (c) a novel diagrammatic calculus unifies the two. The first part develops the basic objects of the framework, encoding consistent patterns of operator correlation, recovering…

A module-theoretic interpretation of quantum expansion formula
Yutong Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03909 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.03909

A module-theoretic interpretation of quantum expansion formula
We provide a module-theoretic interpretation of the expansion formula given in [11], which defines a map on perfect matchings to compute the expansion of quantum cluster variables in quantum cluster algebras arising from unpunctured surfaces. In addition, we present a multiplication formula for string modules with one-dimensional extension spaces, derived using the skein relation. For the Kronecker type, an alternative expansion formula was given in [20], and we show that the two expansion form…

LLM Ensemble for RAG: Role of Context Length in Zero-Shot Question Answering for BioASQ Challenge
Dima Galat, Diego Molla-Aliod
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08596 https://

LLM Ensemble for RAG: Role of Context Length in Zero-Shot Question Answering for BioASQ Challenge
Biomedical question answering (QA) poses significant challenges due to the need for precise interpretation of specialized knowledge drawn from a vast, complex, and rapidly evolving corpus. In this work, we explore how large language models (LLMs) can be used for information retrieval (IR), and an ensemble of zero-shot models can accomplish state-of-the-art performance on a domain-specific Yes/No QA task. Evaluating our approach on the BioASQ challenge tasks, we show that ensembles can outperfor…

An approximate zero-one law via the Dialectica interpretation
Thomas Powell, Alex Wan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20849 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.20849

An approximate zero-one law via the Dialectica interpretation
Zero-one laws state that probabilistic events of a certain type must occur with probability either $0$ or $1$, and nothing in between. We formulate a syntactic zero-one law, which enjoys good logical properties while being broadly applicable in probability theory. Then, inspired by Gödel's Dialectica interpretation, we finitise it: The result is an approximate zero-one law which states that events with a particular finite structure occur with probability close to $0$ or $1$ up to an arbitrary …

Constraint correlation functions of the Ising model in the scaling limit
Ivan Balog, Adam Ran\c{c}on
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08557 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Constraint correlation functions of the Ising model in the scaling limit
We study the correlation function of the one-dimensional Ising model at fixed magnetization. Focusing on the scaling limit close to the zero-temperature fixed point, we show that this correlation function, in momentum space, exhibits surprising oscillations as a function of the magnetization. We show that these oscillations have a period inversely proportional to the momentum and give an interpretation in terms of domain walls. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of the correlation func…

Uncertainties in the supermassive black hole abundance and implications for the GW background
Gabriela Sato-Polito, Matias Zaldarriaga
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08041 https://

Uncertainties in the supermassive black hole abundance and implications for the GW background
The present-day mass function of supermassive black holes is the most important observable quantity for the prediction and theoretical interpretation of the gravitational wave background (GWB) measured by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Due to the limited sample size of galaxies with dynamically inferred SMBH masses, more readily measurable galaxy properties $X$ that correlate with the black hole mass are used as labels (via scaling relations $M_{\bullet}-X$), which can then be counted in a larger…

"It was Tragic": Exploring the Impact of a Robot's Shutdown
Agam Oberlender, Hadas Erel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06934 https://arxiv.org/pd…

"It was Tragic": Exploring the Impact of a Robot's Shutdown
It is well established that people perceive robots as social entities, even when they are not designed for social interaction. We evaluated whether the social interpretation of robotic gestures should also be considered when turning off a robot. In the experiment, participants engaged in a brief preliminary neutral interaction while a robotic arm showed interest in their actions. At the end of the task, participants were asked to turn off the robotic arm under two conditions: (1) a Non-designed…

Structuring Reasoning for Complex Rules Beyond Flat Representations
Zhihao Yang, Ancheng Xu, Jingpeng Li, Liang Yan, Jiehui Zhou, Zhen Qin, Hengyun Chang, Ahmadreza Argha, Hamid Alinejad-Rokny, Minghuan Tan, Yujun Cai, Min Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05134

Structuring Reasoning for Complex Rules Beyond Flat Representations
Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges when processing complex rule systems, as they typically treat interdependent rules as unstructured textual data rather than as logically organized frameworks. This limitation results in reasoning divergence, where models often overlook critical rule dependencies essential for accurate interpretation. Although existing approaches such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning have shown promise, they lack systematic methodologies for structured …

Gravitational Hilbert spaces: invariant and co-invariant states, inner products, gauge-fixing, and BRST
Jesse Held, Henry Maxfield
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05412 https://

Gravitational Hilbert spaces: invariant and co-invariant states, inner products, gauge-fixing, and BRST
Hilbert spaces in theories of gravity are notoriously subtle due to the Hamiltonian constraints, particularly regarding the inner product. To demystify this subject, we review and extend a collection of ideas in canonical gravity, and connect to the sum-over-histories approach by clarifying the Hilbert space interpretation of various gravitational path integrals. We use one-dimensional (or mini-superspace) models as the simplest context to exemplify the conceptual ideas. We emphasise that a phy…

A freely available masterclass! 👇

Fisher information and trajectorial interpretation to the It\^o--Langevin relative entropy dissipation
Jiaming Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01870 https://

Fisher information and trajectorial interpretation to the Itô--Langevin relative entropy dissipation
The dissipation phenomena of relative entropy from an Itô--Langevin dynamical system is a classic topic from stochastic analysis. Relying on the time-reversal of diffusions, a novel trajectorial approach investigates the pathwise behavior of relevant entropy processes, reveals more information from the delicate random structure, and eventually retrieves the known classical results. In essence, this approach provides novel insights and rederives the known results of the Itô--Langevin dynamics,…

Light Meson Resonances
J. R. Pelaez (U. Complutense de Madrid,IPARCOS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08648 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08648

Light Meson Resonances
We provide a modern pedagogical introduction to light mesons. We discuss their masses and widths, their classification into multiplets of isospin and flavor SU(3), as well as other quantum numbers, mixing schemes, observable states, and their disposition in Regge trajectories. We briefly introduce the relevant concepts of Quantum Chromodynamics, including confinement, chiral symmetry, and the relationship between poles and resonances. We discuss their interpretation in terms of quark-model ordi…

Many Retrocausal Worlds: A Foundation for Quantum Probability
Michael Ridley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02505 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.02505

Many Retrocausal Worlds: A Foundation for Quantum Probability
Recent accounts of probability in the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics are vulnerable due to their dependence on probability theory per se. For this reason, the many worlds interpretation continues to suffer from the incoherence and quantitative problems. After discussing various theories of probability, I discuss the incoherence problem and argue that self-locating probabilities centered in time-extended worlds can solve it. I then discuss and refute various solutions to the qua…

The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
T. H. Rutherford, A. Fraser-McKelvie, E. Emsellem, J. van de Sande, S. M. Croom, A. Poci, M. Martig, D. A. Gadotti, F. Pinna, L. M. Valenzuela, G. van de Ven, J. Bland-Hawthorn, P. Das, T. A. Davis, R. Elliott, D. B. Fisher, M. R. Hayden, A. Mailvaganam, S. Sharma, T. Zafar

The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
The central regions of disc galaxies host a rich variety of stellar structures: nuclear discs, bars, bulges, and boxy-peanut (BP) bulges. These components are often difficult to disentangle, both photometrically and kinematically, particularly in star-forming galaxies where dust obscuration and complex stellar motions complicate interpretation. In this work, we use data from the GECKOS-MUSE survey to investigate the impact of dust on axisymmetric Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion (JAM)…

Towards the State Space Interpretation (SSI): A Formalized Framework for Game Studies and Design
Zhenghao Wang, Shuo Xiong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17610 https://

Towards the State Space Interpretation (SSI): A Formalized Framework for Game Studies and Design
In this paper, we establish structural analogies between core concepts in quantum mechanics and games. By constructing the Quantum Coin Toss on a quantum circuit, we preliminarily investigate the similarity between quantum system behavior and game behavior, thereby formulating the state-operation paradigm. Using this paradigm, we introduce the conceptual prototype of the State Space Interpretation (SSI). Based on mathematical and physical theories, particularly linear algebra, quantum mechanics…

Replaced article(s) found for math.LO. https://arxiv.org/list/math.LO/new
[1/1]:
- The Uniform Functional Interpretation with Informative Types
Fernando Ferreira, Paulo Oliva

A Concept of Possibility for Real-World Events
Daniel G. Schwartz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02655 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.02655

A Concept of Possibility for Real-World Events
This paper offers a new concept of {\it possibility} as an alternative to the now-a-days standard concept originally introduced by L.A. Zadeh in 1978. This new version was inspired by the original but, formally, has nothing in common with it other than that they both adopt the Łukasiewicz multivalent interpretation of the logical connectives. Moreover, rather than seeking to provide a general notion of possibility, this focuses specifically on the possibility of a real-world event. An event is…

Non-Invasive Detection of PROState Cancer with Novel Time-Dependent Diffusion MRI and AI-Enhanced Quantitative Radiological Interpretation: PROS-TD-AI
Baltasar Ramos, Cristian Garrido, Paulette Narv'aez, Santiago Gelerstein Claro, Haotian Li, Rafael Salvador, Constanza V'asquez-Venegas, Iv'an Gallegos, Yi Zhang, V'ictor Casta~neda, Cristian Acevedo, Dan Wu, Gonzalo C'ardenas, Camilo G. Sotomayor

Non-Invasive Detection of PROState Cancer with Novel Time-Dependent Diffusion MRI and AI-Enhanced Quantitative Radiological Interpretation: PROS-TD-AI
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the eighth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has become central to the diagnostic pathway for men at intermediate risk, improving de-tection of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) while reducing unnecessary biopsies and over-diagnosis. However, mpMRI remains limited by false positives, false negatives, and moderate to substantial interobserver agreement. Time-dependent diffusion (TDD) …

AI-Driven Radiology Report Generation for Traumatic Brain Injuries
Riadh Bouslimi, Houda Trabelsi, Wahiba Ben Abdssalem Karaa, Hana Hedhli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08498 https…

AI-Driven Radiology Report Generation for Traumatic Brain Injuries
Traumatic brain injuries present significant diagnostic challenges in emergency medicine, where the timely interpretation of medical images is crucial for patient outcomes. In this paper, we propose a novel AI-based approach for automatic radiology report generation tailored to cranial trauma cases. Our model integrates an AC-BiFPN with a Transformer architecture to capture and process complex medical imaging data such as CT and MRI scans. The AC-BiFPN extracts multi-scale features, enabling th…

New Interpretation for the Orientation of the LMC's Gaseous Arms B and E using ULLYSES
April Horton, Suraj Poudel, Kathleen A. Barger, Scott Lucchini, David L. Nidever, Erica Chwalik, Frances H. Cashman, Andrew J. Fox, Nicolas Lehner, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Naomi McClure-Griffiths, Elena D'Onghia, Jason Tumlinson, Jo Vazquez, Lauren Sdun, Stone Gebhart, Katherine Anthony, Bryce Cole, Jacco Th. van Loon, John M. Dickey, Callum Lynn, Hiep Nguyen, Min-Young Lee

New Interpretation for the Orientation of the LMC's Gaseous Arms B and E using ULLYSES
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) experiences disruption from tidal and ram-pressure forces as it travels through the halo of the Milky Way. In this project, we combine radio emission-line observations from the GASS and GASKAP surveys with UV absorption-line observations from the HST Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program to trace the material in front of the LMC. Along our 8 stellar sightlines near 30 Doradus, we observe gaseous structures likely asso…

Further Perspectives on the Intersection Distribution
Sophie Huczynska, Lukas Klawuhn, Maura B. Paterson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04675 https://arxiv.org…

Further Perspectives on the Intersection Distribution
The concepts of intersection distribution and non-hitting index were recently introduced by Li and Pott, and offer a new way to classify the behaviour of finite field polynomials. They have both an algebraic and geometric interpretation: via the intersection of a polynomial $f$ with a set of lines, and via a $(q+1)$-set $S_f$ in $\mathrm{PG}(2,q)$ possessing an internal nucleus. In this paper, we build on these ideas: we prove novel geometric results (particularly on the relationship between in…

Explaining 650 GeV and 95 GeV Anomalies in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I
Akshat Khanna, Stefano Moretti, Agnivo Sarkar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06017 https://

Explaining 650 GeV and 95 GeV Anomalies in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I
We propose an interpretation of a rather significant 650 GeV excess emerged at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from CMS Collaboration data in the $γγb\bar b$ final state, accompanied by further clusters at 125(90-100) GeV in the $γγ(b\bar b)$ system, within the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I (2HDM-I) in presence of a softly broken $\mathcal{Z}_{2}$ symmetry. The underlying process that we probe is $gg$-initiated production of a CP-odd (or pseudoscalar) Higgs boson $A$, with mass around 650 Ge…

A simulation-free extrapolation method for misspecified models with errors-in-variables in epidemiological studies
Huali Zhao, Tianying Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06118 htt…

A simulation-free extrapolation method for misspecified models with errors-in-variables in epidemiological studies
In epidemiology studies, it is often of interest to consider a misspecified model that categorizes continuous variables, such as calorie and nutrient intake, to analyze disease risk and achieve better model interpretation. When the original continuous variable is contaminated with measurement errors, ignoring this issue and performing regular statistical analysis leads to severely biased point estimators and invalid confidence intervals. Though errors-in-variables is a well-known critical issue…

UniVideo: Unified Understanding, Generation, and Editing for Videos
Cong Wei, Quande Liu, Zixuan Ye, Qiulin Wang, Xintao Wang, Pengfei Wan, Kun Gai, Wenhu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08377

UniVideo: Unified Understanding, Generation, and Editing for Videos
Unified multimodal models have shown promising results in multimodal content generation and editing but remain largely limited to the image domain. In this work, we present UniVideo, a versatile framework that extends unified modeling to the video domain. UniVideo adopts a dual-stream design, combining a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) for instruction understanding with a Multimodal DiT (MMDiT) for video generation. This design enables accurate interpretation of complex multimodal instru…

Enhancing XAI Interpretation through a Reverse Mapping from Insights to Visualizations
Aniket Nuthalapati, Nicholas Hinds, Brian Y. Lim, Qianwen Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18640

Enhancing XAI Interpretation through a Reverse Mapping from Insights to Visualizations
As AI systems become increasingly integrated into high-stakes domains, enabling users to accurately interpret model behavior is critical. While AI explanations can be provided, users often struggle to reason effectively with these explanations, limiting their ability to validate or learn from AI decisions. To address this gap, we introduce Reverse Mapping, a novel approach that enhances visual explanations by incorporating user-derived insights back into the explanation workflow. Our system ext…

Could the 650 GeV Excess be a Pseudoscalar of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model?
Ayoub Hmissou, Stefano Moretti, Larbi Rahili
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06232 https://

Could the 650 GeV Excess be a Pseudoscalar of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model?
In this study, we propose the interpretation of a 650 GeV excess observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the CMS Collaboration in terms of the production of a CP-odd (or pseudoscalar) Higgs boson A, with mass around 650 GeV, decaying into the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs state $h_{125}$ (in turn decaying into $γγ$) and a Z boson (in turn decaying into $b\bar b$), within a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) featuring two active and one inert doublet, known as the I(1+2)HDM. This theoretical…

Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Observational Perspectives on Structure, Kinematics, and Lifetime
Sanghyuk Moon, Eve C. Ostriker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07083 https://

Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Observational Perspectives on Structure, Kinematics, and Lifetime
We analyze an ensemble of simulated prestellar cores to facilitate interpretation of structure, kinematics, and lifetime of observed cores. While our theory predicts a "characteristic" density for star formation, it also predicts that the individual critical density varies among cores; any observed sample thus contains cores at various evolutionary stages within a given density bin. By analyzing the remaining lifetime, we find cores undergoing quasi-equilibrium collapse evolve on a timescale of…

Curia: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model for Radiology
Corentin Dancette, Julien Khlaut, Antoine Saporta, Helene Philippe, Elodie Ferreres, Baptiste Callard, Th\'eo Danielou, L\'eo Alberge, L\'eo Machado, Daniel Tordjman, Julie Dupuis, Korentin Le Floch, Jean Du Terrail, Mariam Moshiri, Laurent Dercle, Tom Boeken, Jules Gregory, Maxime Ronot, Fran\c{c}ois Legou, Pascal Roux, Marc Sapoval, Pierre Manceron, Paul H\'erent

Curia: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model for Radiology
AI-assisted radiological interpretation is based on predominantly narrow, single-task models. This approach is impractical for covering the vast spectrum of imaging modalities, diseases, and radiological findings. Foundation models (FMs) hold the promise of broad generalization across modalities and in low-data settings. However, this potential has remained largely unrealized in radiology. We introduce Curia, a foundation model trained on the entire cross-sectional imaging output of a major hos…

Driven-Dissipative Interpretation of Measurement-Induced State Transitions Beyond Semiclassical Predictions
Bo-Syun Pan, Yen-Hsiang Lin, Chiao-Hsuan Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13150

Driven-Dissipative Interpretation of Measurement-Induced State Transitions Beyond Semiclassical Predictions
Dispersive readout plays a central role in superconducting quantum computing, enabling quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of qubits through a coupled microwave resonator. However, under strong readout drives, multi-photon resonances can cause measurement-induced state transition (MIST), resulting in qubit leakage out of the computational subspace and compromising the QND character. We present a driven-dissipative interpretation of MIST using a reduced quantum model that captures the dynam…

Investigating Location-Regularised Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Seafloor Visual Imagery
Cailei Liang, Adrian Bodenmann, Emma J Curtis, Samuel Simmons, Kazunori Nagano, Stan Brown, Adam Riese, Blair Thornton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06660

Investigating Location-Regularised Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Seafloor Visual Imagery
High-throughput interpretation of robotically gathered seafloor visual imagery can increase the efficiency of marine monitoring and exploration. Although recent research has suggested that location metadata can enhance self-supervised feature learning (SSL), its benefits across different SSL strategies, models and seafloor image datasets are underexplored. This study evaluates the impact of location-based regularisation on six state-of-the-art SSL frameworks, which include Convolutional Neural …

Unified interpretation of 95 GeV di-photon and di-tau Excesses in the Georgi-Machacek Model
Qin Chang, Xiaokang Du, Pengxuan Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26155 https://…

Unified interpretation of 95 GeV di-photon and di-tau Excesses in the Georgi-Machacek Model
We revisit the 95 GeV excesses in the $γγ$ and $ττ$ channels in the Georgi-Machacek model, where a single light $CP$-even custodial singlet $H$ can account for both hints. Using one-loop renormalization group-improved effective potential and positive-definiteness conditions for vacuum stability, together with perturbative unitarity, electroweak precision tests, $B$-physics, and Higgs data, we identify a narrow but viable parameter region. In this region, charged and doubly charged scalars e…

TemporalFlowViz: Parameter-Aware Visual Analytics for Interpreting Scramjet Combustion Evolution
Yifei Jia, Shiyu Cheng, Yu Dong, Guan Li, Dong Tian, Ruixiao Peng, Xuyi Lu, Yu Wang, Wei Yao, Guihua Shan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04834

TemporalFlowViz: Parameter-Aware Visual Analytics for Interpreting Scramjet Combustion Evolution
Understanding the complex combustion dynamics within scramjet engines is critical for advancing high-speed propulsion technologies. However, the large scale and high dimensionality of simulation-generated temporal flow field data present significant challenges for visual interpretation, feature differentiation, and cross-case comparison. In this paper, we present TemporalFlowViz, a parameter-aware visual analytics workflow and system designed to support expert-driven clustering, visualization, …

A Versatile Foundation Model for AI-enabled Mammogram Interpretation
Fuxiang Huang, Jiayi Zhu, Yunfang Yu, Yu Xie, Yuan Guo, Qingcong Kong, Mingxiang Wu, Xinrui Jiang, Shu Yang, Jiabo Ma, Ziyi Liu, Zhe Xu, Zhixuan Chen, Yujie Tan, Zifan He, Luhui Mao, Xi Wang, Junlin Hou, Lei Zhang, Qiong Luo, Zhenhui Li, Herui Yao, Hao Chen
https://arxiv.…

A Versatile Foundation Model for AI-enabled Mammogram Interpretation
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally. Mammography is essential for the early detection and diagnosis of breast lesions. Despite recent progress in foundation models (FMs) for mammogram analysis, their clinical translation remains constrained by several fundamental limitations, including insufficient diversity in training data, limited model generalizability, and a lack of comprehensive evaluation across clinicall…