Tootfinder

Finite Interpretation of the Hyper-Catalan Series Zero and its Powers
Dean Rubine, Pratham Mukewar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06739 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2…

Finite Interpretation of the Hyper-Catalan Series Zero and its Powers
In 2025, Wildberger and Rubine showed the formal series zero of the univariate geometric polynomial is $\mathbf{S}$, the generating series for the hyper-Catalan numbers $\mathbf{C}_m$, which count the number of roofed subdivided polygons (subdigons) of type $\mathbf{m}$. We show that we can interpret this result as a finite identity at each level, where a level is a truncation of $\Sb$ to a given maximum number of vertices, edges, or faces (bounded by degree) of the associated subdigon types. W…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Interpretation of Radio Regulations
Zakaria El Kassimi, Fares Fourati, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09651 https://…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Interpretation of Radio Regulations
We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice evaluation set for this domain, constructed from authoritative sources using automated filtering and human validation. To assess retrieval quality, we define a domain-specific retrieval metric, under which our retriever achieves approximately 97% accuracy. B…

RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Lauren H. Cooke, Matthias Jung, Jan M. Brendel, Nora M. Kerkovits, Borek Foldyna, Michael T. Lu, Vineet K. Raghu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08640

RoentMod: A Synthetic Chest X-Ray Modification Model to Identify and Correct Image Interpretation Model Shortcuts
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are among the most common tests in medicine. Automated image interpretation may reduce radiologists\' workload and expand access to diagnostic expertise. Deep learning multi-task and foundation models have shown strong performance for CXR interpretation but are vulnerable to shortcut learning, where models rely on spurious and off-target correlations rather than clinically relevant features to make decisions. We introduce RoentMod, a counterfactual image editing framewo…

US climate policy under the Trump regime:
https://infosec.exchange/@briankrebs/115193315521196730

Challenging a binary neutron star merger interpretation of GW230529
Ivan Markin, Anna Puecher, Mattia Bulla, Tim Dietrich
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08750 https://

Challenging a binary neutron star merger interpretation of GW230529
GW230529_181500 represented the first gravitational-wave detection with one of the component objects' mass inferred to lie in the previously hypothesized mass gap between the heaviest neutron stars and the lightest observed black holes. Given the expected maximum mass values for neutron stars, this object was identified as a black hole, and, with the secondary component being a neutron star, the detection was classified as a neutron star-black hole merger. However, due to the low signal-to-nois…

Singer-songwriter Laura Stevenson on the beauty of ambiguity
#creativity #SingerSongwriter

Singer-songwriter Laura Stevenson on the beauty of ambiguity – The Creative Independent
Musician Laura Stevenson discusses the creative benefits of music therapy, leaving room for interpretation in songwriting, and balancing sincerity with humor.

Prompt-Driven Image Analysis with Multimodal Generative AI: Detection, Segmentation, Inpainting, and Interpretation
Kaleem Ahmad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08489 https://…

Prompt-Driven Image Analysis with Multimodal Generative AI: Detection, Segmentation, Inpainting, and Interpretation
Prompt-driven image analysis converts a single natural-language instruction into multiple steps: locate, segment, edit, and describe. We present a practical case study of a unified pipeline that combines open-vocabulary detection, promptable segmentation, text-conditioned inpainting, and vision-language description into a single workflow. The system works end to end from a single prompt, retains intermediate artifacts for transparent debugging (such as detections, masks, overlays, edited images…

PySeizure: A single machine learning classifier framework to detect seizures in diverse datasets
Bartlomiej Chybowski, Shima Abdullateef, Hollan Haule, Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser, Javier Escudero
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07253

PySeizure: A single machine learning classifier framework to detect seizures in diverse datasets
Reliable seizure detection is critical for diagnosing and managing epilepsy, yet clinical workflows remain dependent on time-consuming manual EEG interpretation. While machine learning has shown promise, existing approaches often rely on dataset-specific optimisations, limiting their real-world applicability and reproducibility. Here, we introduce an innovative, open-source machine-learning framework that enables robust and generalisable seizure detection across varied clinical datasets. We eva…

Documents Are People and Words Are Items: A Psychometric Approach to Textual Data with Contextual Embeddings
Jinsong Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08920 https://

Documents Are People and Words Are Items: A Psychometric Approach to Textual Data with Contextual Embeddings
This research introduces a novel psychometric method for analyzing textual data using large language models. By leveraging contextual embeddings to create contextual scores, we transform textual data into response data suitable for psychometric analysis. Treating documents as individuals and words as items, this approach provides a natural psychometric interpretation under the assumption that certain keywords, whose contextual meanings vary significantly across documents, can effectively differ…

https://youtu.be/X5oEjh9s8n4?si=r4lKRQmSO73Yo3hq
Carlo Domeniconi : Variations on an Anatolian Folksong
Schön Interpretation. Die Dynamik gefällt mir. Thema und 1. Var. kann ich schon … bis ich alle Variationen kann … da brauche ich sicher noch einiges an Zeit … …

From Data to Insight: Using Contextual Scenarios to Teach Critical Thinking in Data Visualisation
Jonathan C. Roberts, Peter Butcher, Panagiotis D. Ritsos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08737

From Data to Insight: Using Contextual Scenarios to Teach Critical Thinking in Data Visualisation
This paper explores the use of scenario-based visualisation examples as a pedagogical strategy for teaching students the complexities of data insight, representation, and interpretation. Teaching data visualisation often involves explaining intricate issues related to data management and the challenges of presenting data meaningfully. In this work, we present a series of data-driven scenarios. These concise stories depict specific situations, and are created to help the educators highlight key …

Machines Learn Number Fields, But How? The Case of Galois Groups
Kyu-Hwan Lee, Seewoo Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06670 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.06670…

Machines Learn Number Fields, But How? The Case of Galois Groups
By applying interpretable machine learning methods such as decision trees, we study how simple models can classify the Galois groups of Galois extensions over $\mathbb{Q}$ of degrees 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10, using Dedekind zeta coefficients. Our interpretation of the machine learning results allows us to understand how the distribution of zeta coefficients depends on the Galois group, and to prove new criteria for classifying the Galois groups of these extensions. Combined with previous results, thi…

On the use and interpretation of signal-model indistinguishability measures for gravitational-wave astronomy
Jonathan E. Thompson, Charlie Hoy, Edward Fauchon-Jones, Mark Hannam
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10530

On the use and interpretation of signal-model indistinguishability measures for gravitational-wave astronomy
The difference ("mismatch") between two gravitational-wave (GW) signals is often used to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which they will be distinguishable in a measurement or, alternatively, when the errors in a signal model will lead to biased measurements. It is well known that the standard approach to calculate this "indistinguishability SNR" is too conservative: a model may fail the criterion at a given SNR, but not necessarily incur a biased measurement of any individual param…

Planons and their Carroll-Galilei symmetries
Jos\'e Figueroa-O'Farrill, Simon Pekar, Alfredo P\'erez, Stefan Prohazka
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08390 https://

Planons and their Carroll-Galilei symmetries
We study the dynamics of planons, particles whose mobility is restricted to a plane, through the classification of coadjoint orbits and unitary irreducible representations of the centrally extended planon group. Planons are closely related to Galilei/Bargmann symmetries and, remarkably, the often-ignored massless coadjoint orbits of the Galilei group play a central rôle in their description. We thereby provide a nontrivial physical interpretation of these orbits. We further construct classical…

Personal Memories of 50 Years of Quarkonia
John Ellis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10643 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.10643

Personal Memories of 50 Years of Quarkonia
The world of particle physics was revolutionised in November 1974 by the discovery of the J/psi particle, the first particle to be identified as a quarkonium state composed of charm quarks and antiquarks. The charmonium interpretation of the J/psi was cemented by the subsequent observations of a spectrum of related c \bar c states, and finally by the discovery of charmed particles in 1976. The discovery of charmonium was followed in 1977 by the discovery of bottomonium mesons and particles cont…

Algebraic interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials on the triangle: the pentagonal way
Nicolas Cramp\'e, Quentin Labriet, Lucia Morey, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Luc Vinet, Alexei Zhedanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07949

Algebraic interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials on the triangle: the pentagonal way
The rank two Jacobi algebra $\mathcal{J}_2$ is used to provide an interpretation of the two-variable Jacobi polynomials $J_{n,k}^{(a,b,c)}(x,y)$ on the triangle, as overlaps between two representation bases. The subalgebra structure of $\mathcal{J}_2$ depicted via a pentagonal graph is exploited to find the explicit expression of the two-variable functions in terms of univariate Jacobi polynomials. It is also seen to provide an explanation for the fact that the expansion on the basis $J_{n,k}^{…

Disentangling Electronic and Ionic Nonlinear Polarization Effects in the THz Kerr Response of LaAlO$_{3}$
Chao Shen, Maximilian Frenzel, Sebastian F. Maehrlein, Zhanybek Alpichshev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10472

Disentangling Electronic and Ionic Nonlinear Polarization Effects in the THz Kerr Response of LaAlO$_{3}$
Nonlinear responses to intense terahertz (THz) fields provide unique insights into complex dynamics of contemporary material systems. However, the interpretation of the obtained data, in particular, distinguishing genuine ionic oscillations from the instantaneous electronic responses in THz Kerr effect remains challenging. Here, we combine two-dimensional Terahertz Kerr effect (2D-TKE) spectroscopy experiments and their modeling to unravel complex THz-induced temporal oscillations in twinned La…

HER2 Expression Prediction with Flexible Multi-Modal Inputs via Dynamic Bidirectional Reconstruction
Jie Qin, Wei Yang, Yan Su, Yiran Zhu, Weizhen Li, Yunyue Pan, Chengchang Pan, Honggang Qi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10006

HER2 Expression Prediction with Flexible Multi-Modal Inputs via Dynamic Bidirectional Reconstruction
Current HER2 assessment models for breast cancer predominantly analyze H&E or IHC images in isolation,despite clinical reliance on their synergistic interpretation. However, concurrent acquisition of both modalities is often hindered by workflow complexity and cost constraints. We propose an adaptive bimodal framework enabling flexible single-/dual-modality HER2 prediction through three innovations: 1) A dynamic branch selector that activates either single-modality reconstruction or dual-modali…

The near critical random bond ising model via embedding deformation
Remy Mahfouf
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08928 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08928

The near critical random bond ising model via embedding deformation
Using the formalism of differential equations, we introduce a new method to continuously deform the $s$-embeddings associated with a family of Ising models as their coupling constants vary. This provides a geometric interpretation of the critical scaling window $\asymp n^{-1}$ for the model on the $n \times n$ box. We then drive this deterministic deformation process by i.i.d.\ Brownian motions on each edge, centered at the critical model, thereby generating random $s$-embeddings as solutions t…

On local well-posedness for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with general power nonlinearity
Lucia Arens, Marius Gritl
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10595

On local well-posedness for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with general power nonlinearity
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation plays a fundamental role in mathematical physics, particularly in the study of quantum mechanics and Bose-Einstein condensation. This paper explores two distinct approaches to establishing the local well-posedness of solutions: the semigroup theory ansatz and the Strichartz estimates ansatz. Semigroup theory provides a general and elegant framework rooted in functional analysis, allowing for the interpretation of the time evolution of solutions as operator se…

Carajillo
The Mexican version of the carajillo cocktail combines strong coffee with Licor 43,
a buttery Spanish liqueur boasting 43 ingredients,
dominated by vanilla and citrus notes and a subtle hint of anise.
https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/102677…

Carajillo Recipe
Icy and bold, the Mexican version of the carajillo cocktail combines strong coffee with Licor 43, a buttery Spanish liqueur boasting 43 ingredients, dominated by vanilla and citrus notes and a subtle hint of anise. While many carajillo recipes combine equal parts strong coffee and rum or brandy, this Mexican interpretation has become a classic. Serve the cocktail after dinner to keep the evening going, or for a weekend brunch. If you’re avoiding caffeine, decaf coffee works just as well.

MoSE: Skill-by-Skill Mixture-of-Expert Learning for Autonomous Driving
Lu Xu, Jiaqian Yu, Xiongfeng Peng, Yiwei Chen, Weiming Li, Jaewook Yoo, Sunghyun Chunag, Dongwook Lee, Daehyun Ji, Chao Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07818

MoSE: Skill-by-Skill Mixture-of-Expert Learning for Autonomous Driving
Recent studies show large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) trained using web-scale data can empower end-to-end autonomous driving systems for a better generalization and interpretation. Specifically, by dynamically routing inputs to specialized subsets of parameters, the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique enables general LLMs or VLMs to achieve substantial performance improvements while maintaining computational efficiency. However, general MoE models usually demands ext…

Conditions for Large-Sample Majorization of Pairs of Flat States in Terms of $\alpha$-$z$ Relative Entropies
Frits Verhagen, Marco Tomamichel, Erkka Haapasalo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07520

Conditions for Large-Sample Majorization of Pairs of Flat States in Terms of $α$-$z$ Relative Entropies
In this work, we offer the first operational interpretation of the $α$-$z$ relative entropies, which were introduced by Jakšić {\it et al.} \cite{Jaksic2012} and Audenaert and Datta \cite{Audenaert_Datta_2015}, where the $α$ and $z$ parameters are truly independent from each other. Namely, we show that these relative entropies appear in the conditions for large-sample or catalytic relative majorization of pairs of flat states and certain generalizations of them. Additionally, the optimal ra…

Lagrangian interpretation of Abel-Jacobi mappings associated to Fano threefolds
Rodolfo Aguilar, Mark Green, Phillip Griffiths
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06197 https://

Lagrangian interpretation of Abel-Jacobi mappings associated to Fano threefolds
Using the general framework due to Donagi-Markman \cite{DM} and Markushevich \cite{M} we shall derive an expression for the differential of Abel-Jacobi mappings on Fano threefolds. This formula involves information normal to the Lagrangian submanifolds constructed in \cite{DM} and \cite{M}. It may be applied to give new proofs of a number of classical results about these varieties.

Online Clustering of Seafloor Imagery for Interpretation during Long-Term AUV Operations
Cailei Liang, Adrian Bodenmann, Sam Fenton, Blair Thornton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06678

Online Clustering of Seafloor Imagery for Interpretation during Long-Term AUV Operations
As long-endurance and seafloor-resident AUVs become more capable, there is an increasing need for extended, real-time interpretation of seafloor imagery to enable adaptive missions and optimise communication efficiency. Although offline image analysis methods are well established, they rely on access to complete datasets and human-labelled examples to manage the strong influence of environmental and operational conditions on seafloor image appearance-requirements that cannot be met in real-time…

The quantum theory of the electromagnetic field in the Weyl-Wigner representation as a local realistic model
Emilio Santos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10023

The quantum theory of the electromagnetic field in the Weyl-Wigner representation as a local realistic model
I revisit the Wigner (or Weyl-Wigner, WW) representation of the quantum electromagnetic field. I show that, assuming that Fock states are just mathematical concepts devoid of physical reality, WW suggests a realistic interpretation which turns out to be (classical) Maxwell theory with the assumption that there is a random radiation filling space, the vacuum field. I elucidate why, in sharp constrast, non-relativistic quantum mechanics of particles does not admit a realistic interpretation via W…

Understanding Pedestrian Gesture Misrecognition: Insights from Vision-Language Model Reasoning
Tram Thi Minh Tran, Xinyan Yu, Callum Parker, Julie Stephany Berrio Perez, Stewart Worrall, Martin Tomitsch
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06801

Understanding Pedestrian Gesture Misrecognition: Insights from Vision-Language Model Reasoning
Pedestrian gestures play an important role in traffic communication, particularly in interactions with autonomous vehicles (AVs), yet their subtle, ambiguous, and context-dependent nature poses persistent challenges for machine interpretation. This study investigates these challenges by using GPT-4V, a vision-language model, not as a performance benchmark but as a diagnostic tool to reveal patterns and causes of gesture misrecognition. We analysed a public dataset of pedestrian-vehicle interact…

Spatial-Spectral Chromatic Coding of Interference Signatures in SAR Imagery: Signal Modeling and Physical-Visual Interpretation
Huizhang Yang, Chengzhi Chen, Liyuan Chen, Zhongling Huang, Zhong Liu, Jian Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08693

Spatial-Spectral Chromatic Coding of Interference Signatures in SAR Imagery: Signal Modeling and Physical-Visual Interpretation
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are conventionally visualized as grayscale amplitude representations, which often fail to explicitly reveal interference characteristics caused by external radio emitters and unfocused signals. This paper proposes a novel spatial-spectral chromatic coding method for visual analysis of interference patterns in single-look complex (SLC) SAR imagery. The method first generates a series of spatial-spectral images via spectral subband decomposition that preserve…

Computer-aided solution to the $k$-bonacci pick-up sticks problem
Julian Kern
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07943 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07943

Computer-aided solution to the $k$-bonacci pick-up sticks problem
A full solution to the recently proposed problem of determining the probability that no $k$-gon can be built from $n$ independently and uniformly chosen sticks in $[0,1]$ is proposed. This extends the known results for triangles and quadrilaterals to general $k$-gons and offers a clearer interpretation of the connection to products of $k$-bonacci numbers.

Theoretical Discovery, Experiment, and Controversy in the Aharonov-Bohm Effect: An Oral History Interview
Yakir Aharonov, Guy Hetzroni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08105 https://

Theoretical Discovery, Experiment, and Controversy in the Aharonov-Bohm Effect: An Oral History Interview
This oral history interview provides Yakir Aharonov's perspective on the theoretical discovery of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in 1959, during his PhD studies in Bristol with David Bohm, the reception of the effect, the efforts to test it empirically (up to Tonomura's experiment), and some of the debates regarding the existence of the effect and its interpretation. The interview also discusses related later developments until the 1980s, including modular momentum and Berry's phase. It includes reco…

From Legal Text to Tech Specs: Generative AI's Interpretation of Consent in Privacy Law
Aniket Kesari, Travis Breaux, Tom Norton, Sarah Santos, Anmol Singhal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04185

From Legal Text to Tech Specs: Generative AI's Interpretation of Consent in Privacy Law
Privacy law and regulation have turned to "consent" as the legitimate basis for collecting and processing individuals' data. As governments have rushed to enshrine consent requirements in their privacy laws, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), significant challenges remain in understanding how these legal mandates are operationalized in software. The opaque nature of software development processes further complicates this translation. To address this, we explore the use of Large…

The Golden Rule of Constitutional Interpretation | Vikram David Amar, Alan E. Brownstein | Verdict | Legal Analysis and Commentary from Justia
https://verdict.justia.com/2025/07/01/the-golden-rule-of-constitutional-interpretation

Geometry of Configuration Mixing in Bose-Fermi Systems
A. Leviatan, N. Gavrielov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10659 https://arxiv.org/p…

Geometry of Configuration Mixing in Bose-Fermi Systems
A geometric interpretation for an algebraic interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing is presented. The formalism is based on an extended Bose-Fermi matrix coherent states and is applied to gain insight on intertwined quantum shape-phase transitions and shape coexistence in odd-mass Nb nuclei.

R-parity violation and 8 TeV four-jet events at the LHC: a falsification opportunity for Wagner's Rule
Pedro Bittar, Subhojit Roy, Carlos E. M. Wagner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09062

R-parity violation and 8 TeV four-jet events at the LHC: a falsification opportunity for Wagner's Rule
The CMS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has observed two four-jet events with a total invariant mass of about 8 TeV; within each event, the jets can be paired into two dijets with invariant masses of 2 TeV each. These are extremely rare events due to the large invariant mass, which implies a very small QCD background, as well as to the di-jet structure, which makes it prone to an interpretation in terms of a heavy resonance decaying into two lighter ones. We investigate the pos…

Health Insurance Coverage Rule Interpretation Corpus: Law, Policy, and Medical Guidance for Health Insurance Coverage Understanding
Mike Gartner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03718

Health Insurance Coverage Rule Interpretation Corpus: Law, Policy, and Medical Guidance for Health Insurance Coverage Understanding
U.S. health insurance is complex, and inadequate understanding and limited access to justice have dire implications for the most vulnerable. Advances in natural language processing present an opportunity to support efficient, case-specific understanding, and to improve access to justice and healthcare. Yet existing corpora lack context necessary for assessing even simple cases. We collect and release a corpus of reputable legal and medical text related to U.S. health insurance. We also introduc…

Constraint correlation functions of the Ising model in the scaling limit
Ivan Balog, Adam Ran\c{c}on
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08557 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Constraint correlation functions of the Ising model in the scaling limit
We study the correlation function of the one-dimensional Ising model at fixed magnetization. Focusing on the scaling limit close to the zero-temperature fixed point, we show that this correlation function, in momentum space, exhibits surprising oscillations as a function of the magnetization. We show that these oscillations have a period inversely proportional to the momentum and give an interpretation in terms of domain walls. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of the correlation func…

On the interpretation of XRISM X-ray measurements of turbulence in the intracluster medium: a comparison with cosmological simulations
F. Vazza, G. Brunetti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04727

On the interpretation of XRISM X-ray measurements of turbulence in the intracluster medium: a comparison with cosmological simulations
We investigate whether the properties of turbulent gas motions recently measured via X-ray spectroscopy in the Coma cluster of galaxies by XRISM are in tension with the "classical" fluid picture of the intracluster medium on large scales, as produced by a typical high-resolution cosmological simulation. We use a high-resolution simulation of Coma-like cluster of galaxies and show that the Kolmogorov-like turbulence measured in the simulation yields to velocity structure functions and line-width…

KnowIt: Deep Time Series Modeling and Interpretation
M. W. Theunissen, R. Rabe, M. H. Davel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06009 https://…

KnowIt: Deep Time Series Modeling and Interpretation
KnowIt (Knowledge discovery in time series data) is a flexible framework for building deep time series models and interpreting them. It is implemented as a Python toolkit, with source code and documentation available from https://must-deep-learning.github.io/KnowIt. It imposes minimal assumptions about task specifications and decouples the definition of dataset, deep neural network architecture, and interpretability technique through well defined interfaces. This ensures the ease of importing n…

Predicting Market Troughs: A Machine Learning Approach with Causal Interpretation
Peilin Rao, Randall R. Rojas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05922 https://arx…

Predicting Market Troughs: A Machine Learning Approach with Causal Interpretation
This paper provides robust, new evidence on the causal drivers of market troughs. We demonstrate that conclusions about these triggers are critically sensitive to model specification, moving beyond restrictive linear models with a flexible DML average partial effect causal machine learning framework. Our robust estimates identify the volatility of options-implied risk appetite and market liquidity as key causal drivers, relationships misrepresented or obscured by simpler models. These findings …

Uncertainties in the supermassive black hole abundance and implications for the GW background
Gabriela Sato-Polito, Matias Zaldarriaga
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08041 https://

Uncertainties in the supermassive black hole abundance and implications for the GW background
The present-day mass function of supermassive black holes is the most important observable quantity for the prediction and theoretical interpretation of the gravitational wave background (GWB) measured by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Due to the limited sample size of galaxies with dynamically inferred SMBH masses, more readily measurable galaxy properties $X$ that correlate with the black hole mass are used as labels (via scaling relations $M_{\bullet}-X$), which can then be counted in a larger…

#PhDCongratulations! Ziwen Huang of the #IMPRS “Solar System School” has successfully defended her PhD thesis “Investigating small-scale dynamics: Analysis and Interpretation of Solar Orbiter observations” at @…

> [Miyamoto] views games as ‘products,’ not ‘works of art.’ I think [his] perspective is what leads to game development that’s more aligned with the user.
Interesting lens to view art vs product: my interpretation is that art is for the artist with emphasis on the act of creation whereas a product is for the end user and the emphasis on the final experience.

AdjustAR: AI-Driven In-Situ Adjustment of Site-Specific Augmented Reality Content
Nels Numan, Jessica Van Brummelen, Ziwen Lu, Anthony Steed
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06826 htt…

AdjustAR: AI-Driven In-Situ Adjustment of Site-Specific Augmented Reality Content
Site-specific outdoor AR experiences are typically authored using static 3D models, but are deployed in physical environments that change over time. As a result, virtual content may become misaligned with its intended real-world referents, degrading user experience and compromising contextual interpretation. We present AdjustAR, a system that supports in-situ correction of AR content in dynamic environments using multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Given a composite image comprising the o…

LLM Ensemble for RAG: Role of Context Length in Zero-Shot Question Answering for BioASQ Challenge
Dima Galat, Diego Molla-Aliod
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08596 https://

LLM Ensemble for RAG: Role of Context Length in Zero-Shot Question Answering for BioASQ Challenge
Biomedical question answering (QA) poses significant challenges due to the need for precise interpretation of specialized knowledge drawn from a vast, complex, and rapidly evolving corpus. In this work, we explore how large language models (LLMs) can be used for information retrieval (IR), and an ensemble of zero-shot models can accomplish state-of-the-art performance on a domain-specific Yes/No QA task. Evaluating our approach on the BioASQ challenge tasks, we show that ensembles can outperfor…

Single-valued periods of meromorphic modular forms and a motivic interpretation of the Gross-Zagier conjecture
Francis Brown, Tiago J. Fonseca
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04844 h…

Single-valued periods of meromorphic modular forms and a motivic interpretation of the Gross-Zagier conjecture
A well-known conjecture of Gross and Zagier states that the values of the higher automorphic Green's function at pairs of points with complex multiplication in the upper half-plane are proportional to the logarithm of an algebraic number. It was recently settled in the case of congruence subgroups of the form $Γ_0(N)$ by analytic methods. In this paper we provide a geometric and motivic interpretation of the general conjecture, and show that it is a consequence of a standard conjecture in the …

Mediator-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration among Open-Source Models for Medical Decision-Making
Kaitao Chen, Mianxin Liu, Daoming Zong, Chaoyue Ding, Shaohao Rui, Yankai Jiang, Mu Zhou, Xiaosong Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05996

Mediator-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration among Open-Source Models for Medical Decision-Making
Complex medical decision-making involves cooperative workflows operated by different clinicians. Designing AI multi-agent systems can expedite and augment human-level clinical decision-making. Existing multi-agent researches primarily focus on language-only tasks, yet their extension to multimodal scenarios remains challenging. A blind combination of diverse vision-language models (VLMs) can amplify an erroneous outcome interpretation. VLMs in general are less capable in instruction following a…

Strong converse rate for asymptotic hypothesis testing in type III
Nicholas Laracuente, Marius Junge
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07989 https://

Strong converse rate for asymptotic hypothesis testing in type III
We extend from the hyperfinite setting to general von Neumann algebras Mosonyi and Ogawa's (2015) and Mosonyi and Hiai's (2023) results showing the operational interpretation of sandwiched relative Rényi entropy in the strong converse of hypothesis testing. The specific task is to distinguish between two quantum states given many copies. We use a reduction method of Haagerup, Junge, and Xu (2010) to approximate relative entropy inequalities in an arbitrary von Neumann algebra by those in finit…

Machine learning applications in cold atom quantum simulators
Henning Schl\"omer, Annabelle Bohrdt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08011 https://arxiv.org/…

Machine learning applications in cold atom quantum simulators
As ultracold atom experiments become highly controlled and scalable quantum simulators, they require sophisticated control over high-dimensional parameter spaces and generate increasingly complex measurement data that need to be analyzed and interpreted efficiently. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been established as versatile tools for addressing these challenges, offering strategies for data interpretation, experimental control, and theoretical modeling. In this review, we provide a per…

Cluster algebraic interpretation of generalized Markov numbers and their matrixizations
Esther Banaian, Yasuaki Gyoda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06900 http…

Cluster algebraic interpretation of generalized Markov numbers and their matrixizations
Markov numbers, i.e. positive integers appearing in solutions to $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3xyz$, can be viewed as specializations of cluster variables. The second author and Matsushita gave a generalization of the Markov equation, $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + k_1yz + k_2xz + k_3xy = (3+k_1+k_2+k_3)xyz$, whose solutions can be viewed as specializations of cluster variables in generalized cluster algebras. We give two families of matrices in $SL(2,\mathbb{Z}[x_1^\pm,x_2^\pm,x_3^\pm])$ associated to these cluster…

Reasoning-enhanced Query Understanding through Decomposition and Interpretation
Yunfei Zhong, Jun Yang, Yixing Fan, Jiafeng Guo, Lixin Su, Maarten de Rijke, Ruqing Zhang, Dawei Yin, Xueqi Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06544

Reasoning-enhanced Query Understanding through Decomposition and Interpretation
Accurate inference of user intent is crucial for enhancing document retrieval in modern search engines. While large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in this area, their effectiveness has predominantly been assessed with short, keyword-based queries. As AI-driven search evolves, long-form queries with intricate intents are becoming more prevalent, yet they remain underexplored in the context of LLM-based query understanding (QU). To bridge this gap, we introduce ReDI: a Reaso…

Bouncing Grains Keep Protoplanetary Disks Bright
Yansong Qian (Toronto), Yanqin Wu (Toronto)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06298 https://

Bouncing Grains Keep Protoplanetary Disks Bright
Proto-planetary disks display the so-called size-luminosity relation, where their mm-wavelength fluxes scale linearly with their emitting areas. This suggests that these disks are optically thick in mm-band, an interpretation further supported by their near-black-body spectral indexes. Such characteristics are seen not only among disks in very young star-forming regions like Lupus (1-3 Myrs), but, as we demonstrate here, also among disks in the much older Upper Scorpius region (5-11 Myrs). How …

Numerical Investigation of Wave Scattering in Granular Media: Grain-Scale Inversion and the Role of Boundary Effects
Ning Liu, Wen-Tao Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07455

Numerical Investigation of Wave Scattering in Granular Media: Grain-Scale Inversion and the Role of Boundary Effects
Seismic coda waves, once regarded as noise, are now recognized as key indicators of wave scattering in seismograms. Aki (1969) first proposed that these waves result from small-scale heterogeneities in the Earth's interior, spurring research into their interpretation and applications. Coda waves are now known to carry valuable information about subsurface heterogeneity, making the study of scattering essential for understanding complex geological structures. Wave scattering in unconsolidated …

Early Explorations of Recommender Systems for Physical Activity and Well-being
Alan Said
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07980 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07980

Early Explorations of Recommender Systems for Physical Activity and Well-being
As recommender systems increasingly guide physical actions, often through wearables and coaching tools, new challenges arise around how users interpret, trust, and respond to this advice. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for tangible recommendations that influence users' bodies, routines, and well-being. We describe three design dimensions: trust and interpretation, intent alignment, and consequence awareness. These highlight key limitations in applying conventional recommender logi…

Prototype-Guided and Lightweight Adapters for Inherent Interpretation and Generalisation in Federated Learning
Samuel Ofosu Mensah, Kerol Djoumessi, Philipp Berens
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05852

Prototype-Guided and Lightweight Adapters for Inherent Interpretation and Generalisation in Federated Learning
Federated learning (FL) provides a promising paradigm for collaboratively training machine learning models across distributed data sources while maintaining privacy. Nevertheless, real-world FL often faces major challenges including communication overhead during the transfer of large model parameters and statistical heterogeneity, arising from non-identical independent data distributions across clients. In this work, we propose an FL framework that 1) provides inherent interpretations using pro…

Legs & Co interpretation of Ma Baker. This is going to be ... something.
#TOTP

An approximate zero-one law via the Dialectica interpretation
Thomas Powell, Alex Wan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20849 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.20849

An approximate zero-one law via the Dialectica interpretation
Zero-one laws state that probabilistic events of a certain type must occur with probability either $0$ or $1$, and nothing in between. We formulate a syntactic zero-one law, which enjoys good logical properties while being broadly applicable in probability theory. Then, inspired by Gödel's Dialectica interpretation, we finitise it: The result is an approximate zero-one law which states that events with a particular finite structure occur with probability close to $0$ or $1$ up to an arbitrary …

A Leptonic Interpretation of the UHE Gamma-ray Emission from V4641 Sgr
Su-Yu Wan, Jie-shuang Wang, Ruo-Yu Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02763 https://

A Leptonic Interpretation of the UHE Gamma-ray Emission from V4641 Sgr
Recently, the microquasar V4641 Sgr and its surrounding is detected at TeV-PeV gamma-ray band. Interestingly, the spectrum follows a power-law function continuing up to 0.8 PeV as reported by LHAASO, and the morphology of the emission appears a puzzling elongated structure. In this work, we propose that the elongated UHE emission from V4641 Sgr could originate from the inverse Compton radiation of electrons with a very hard spectrum, which may result from shear acceleration mechanism in the jet…

A simulation-free extrapolation method for misspecified models with errors-in-variables in epidemiological studies
Huali Zhao, Tianying Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06118 htt…

A simulation-free extrapolation method for misspecified models with errors-in-variables in epidemiological studies
In epidemiology studies, it is often of interest to consider a misspecified model that categorizes continuous variables, such as calorie and nutrient intake, to analyze disease risk and achieve better model interpretation. When the original continuous variable is contaminated with measurement errors, ignoring this issue and performing regular statistical analysis leads to severely biased point estimators and invalid confidence intervals. Though errors-in-variables is a well-known critical issue…

On the Ambiguities of Incompatibility in Frequentist Inference
Alessandro Rovetta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07147 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07147

On the Ambiguities of Incompatibility in Frequentist Inference
The interpretation of the P-value and its monotone transform s=-log2(p), or S-value, remains debated despite decades of dedicated literature. Within the neo-Fisherian framework, these values are often described as indices of (in)compatibility between the observed data and a set of ideal assumptions (i.e., the statistical model). In this regard, this paper proposes the distinction between two domains: the model domain, where assumptions are taken as perfectly true and every admissible outcome is…

DTECT: Dynamic Topic Explorer & Context Tracker
Suman Adhya, Debarshi Kumar Sanyal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07910 https://arxiv…

DTECT: Dynamic Topic Explorer & Context Tracker
The explosive growth of textual data over time presents a significant challenge in uncovering evolving themes and trends. Existing dynamic topic modeling techniques, while powerful, often exist in fragmented pipelines that lack robust support for interpretation and user-friendly exploration. We introduce DTECT (Dynamic Topic Explorer & Context Tracker), an end-to-end system that bridges the gap between raw textual data and meaningful temporal insights. DTECT provides a unified workflow that sup…

Torsion parallel spinors on Lorentzian four-manifolds and supersymmetric evolution flows on bundle gerbes
C. S. Shahbazi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06228 h…

Torsion parallel spinors on Lorentzian four-manifolds and supersymmetric evolution flows on bundle gerbes
In this dissertation, parallel spinors on oriented and spin Lorentzian four-manifolds are investigated using the theory of spinorial polyforms. The main applications are directed towards the study of torsion parallel spinors and the globally hyperbolic solutions of the four-dimensional supersymmetric NS-NS system. This differential system, which originates in supergravity, involves torsion parallel spinors subject to a curvature condition and provides a natural gauge-theoretic interpretation of…

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Chunzheng Wang, Jie Wan, Jinfeng Liao, Yugang Ma, Shuzhe Shi, Qiye Shou, Zhengqing Wang, Kegang Xiong, Song Zhang, Liang Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09025

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The search for the Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is carried out by measuring azimuthal correlators for baryon pairs such as $Λ$ and protons. Experimental results from the ALICE collaboration show significant separations in these observables, however, the interpretation remains unclear. It is believed that background contributions from baryon production mechanisms may play an important role. Using three phenomenological models, the Blast Wave, AMPT, and AVFD+…

Farage: No problem changing GFA to remove ECHR reference
https://www.rte.ie/news/2025/0906/1532172-farage-echr/
<< abso-fucking-lutely a problem. The ECHR reference was added to stop the UK reneging on its agreement by creative interpretation. Farage and his ilk a…

Farage: No problem changing GFA to remove ECHR reference
Leader of Reform UK Nigel Farage has said that he does not see a problem with renegotiating the Good Friday Agreement to remove the reference to the European Convention on Human Rights.

Quasi-stationary normal states for quantum Markov semigroups
Ameur Dhahri, Franco Fagnola, Federico Girotti, Hyun Jae Yoo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06396 https://

Quasi-stationary normal states for quantum Markov semigroups
We introduce the notion of Quasi-Stationary State (QSS) in the context of quantum Markov semigroups that generalizes the one of quasi-stationary distribution in the case of classical Markov chains. We provide an operational interpretation of QSSs using the theory of direct and indirect quantum measurements. Moreover, we prove that there is a connection between QSSs and spectral properties of the quantum Markov semigroup. Finally, we discuss some examples which, despite their simplicity, already…

Revisiting $\mu$SR Studies of Ion Dynamics in the Light of Extended Kubo-Toyabe Model
Takashi U. Ito, Ryosuke Kadono
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05968 https://

Revisiting $μ$SR Studies of Ion Dynamics in the Light of Extended Kubo-Toyabe Model
The dynamical Kubo-Toyabe (dKT) function is extended to describe the spin relaxation under the coexisting dynamical and static internal magnetic fields. A detailed re-evaluation of the previous $μ^\pm$SR data in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ using this function disfavors the conventional interpretation based on sodium-ion diffusion and instead supports the $μ^+$ self-diffusion scenario. This also resolves the long-standing inconsistencies in the dKT-function-based $μ$SR studies on ion diffusion from the vie…

A Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Interpretation with Grounded Reasoning via Online Reinforcement Learning
Qika Lin, Yifan Zhu, Bin Pu, Ling Huang, Haoran Luo, Jingying Ma, Zhen Peng, Tianzhe Zhao, Fangzhi Xu, Jian Zhang, Kai He, Zhonghong Ou, Swapnil Mishra, Mengling Feng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03906

A Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Interpretation with Grounded Reasoning via Online Reinforcement Learning
Medical foundation models (FMs) have shown tremendous promise amid the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. However, current medical FMs typically generate answers in a black-box manner, lacking transparent reasoning processes and locally grounded interpretability, which hinders their practical clinical deployments. To this end, we introduce DeepMedix-R1, a holistic medical FM for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation. It leverages a sequential training pipeline: initiall…

The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
T. H. Rutherford, A. Fraser-McKelvie, E. Emsellem, J. van de Sande, S. M. Croom, A. Poci, M. Martig, D. A. Gadotti, F. Pinna, L. M. Valenzuela, G. van de Ven, J. Bland-Hawthorn, P. Das, T. A. Davis, R. Elliott, D. B. Fisher, M. R. Hayden, A. Mailvaganam, S. Sharma, T. Zafar

The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
The central regions of disc galaxies host a rich variety of stellar structures: nuclear discs, bars, bulges, and boxy-peanut (BP) bulges. These components are often difficult to disentangle, both photometrically and kinematically, particularly in star-forming galaxies where dust obscuration and complex stellar motions complicate interpretation. In this work, we use data from the GECKOS-MUSE survey to investigate the impact of dust on axisymmetric Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion (JAM)…

Physics and Geometry of Complex Structure Limits in Type IIB Calabi-Yau Compactifications
Jeroen Monnee, Timo Weigand, Max Wiesner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07056 https://

Physics and Geometry of Complex Structure Limits in Type IIB Calabi-Yau Compactifications
We provide a detailed geometric and physical interpretation of infinite distance limits in the complex structure moduli space of Type IIB compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, motivated by the Emergent String Conjecture. In the framework of semi-stable degenerations, such limits are characterised by a simple fibration structure of the fastest vanishing three-cycles. The previously studied Hodge theoretic classification of infinite distance limits of type II, III, and IV is reflected in th…

Transformer-Based Explainable Deep Learning for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammography: The MammoFormer Framework
Ojonugwa Oluwafemi Ejiga Peter, Daniel Emakporuena, Bamidele Dayo Tunde, Maryam Abdulkarim, Abdullahi Bn Umar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06137

Transformer-Based Explainable Deep Learning for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammography: The MammoFormer Framework
Breast cancer detection through mammography interpretation remains difficult because of the minimal nature of abnormalities that experts need to identify alongside the variable interpretations between readers. The potential of CNNs for medical image analysis faces two limitations: they fail to process both local information and wide contextual data adequately, and do not provide explainable AI (XAI) operations that doctors need to accept them in clinics. The researcher developed the MammoFormer…

A module-theoretic interpretation of quantum expansion formula
Yutong Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03909 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.03909

A module-theoretic interpretation of quantum expansion formula
We provide a module-theoretic interpretation of the expansion formula given in [11], which defines a map on perfect matchings to compute the expansion of quantum cluster variables in quantum cluster algebras arising from unpunctured surfaces. In addition, we present a multiplication formula for string modules with one-dimensional extension spaces, derived using the skein relation. For the Kronecker type, an alternative expansion formula was given in [20], and we show that the two expansion form…

The Schr\"odinger equation for a spherically symmetric system, its structure and solutions
R. I. Ayala O\~na, T. P. Shestakova
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08523 https://

The Schrödinger equation for a spherically symmetric system, its structure and solutions
The Wheeler - DeWitt geometrodynamics, as the first attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity, faces certain challenges, including the problem of time and the interpretation of the wave function. In this paper, we present the extended phase space approach to quantization of gravity as an alternative approach to the Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics. For a spacetime with a nontrivial topology, the Wheeler - DeWitt equation loses its sense, but we can derive the Schrödinger equation…

Presentist Fragmentalism and Quantum Mechanics
Paul Merriam
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06006 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.06006

Presentist Fragmentalism and Quantum Mechanics
This paper states and gives three applications of a novel Presentist Fragmentalist interpretation of quantum mechanics. In a cognate paper it was explicitly shown this kind of presentism is consistent with special relativity and that it has implications for how to understand time as it relates to the Big Bang, 5. In this paper we narrowly focus on three applications. These are surely the most important conundrums for any proposed interpretation of quantum mechanics, Schrodingers Cat, Bell nonlo…

Light Meson Resonances
J. R. Pelaez (U. Complutense de Madrid,IPARCOS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08648 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08648

Light Meson Resonances
We provide a modern pedagogical introduction to light mesons. We discuss their masses and widths, their classification into multiplets of isospin and flavor SU(3), as well as other quantum numbers, mixing schemes, observable states, and their disposition in Regge trajectories. We briefly introduce the relevant concepts of Quantum Chromodynamics, including confinement, chiral symmetry, and the relationship between poles and resonances. We discuss their interpretation in terms of quark-model ordi…

The Structure and Interpretation of Quantum Programs I: Foundations
David Wakeham
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04527 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.04527

The Structure and Interpretation of Quantum Programs I: Foundations
Qubits are a great way to build a quantum computer, but a limited way to program one. We replace the usual "states and gates" formalism with a "props and ops" (propositions and operators) model in which (a) the C*-algebra of observables supplies the syntax; (b) states, viewed as linear functionals, give the semantics; and (c) a novel diagrammatic calculus unifies the two. The first part develops the basic objects of the framework, encoding consistent patterns of operator correlation, recovering…

Covariance based estimates of near-boundary diapycnal upwelling in a submarine canyon
Kurt Polzin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05679 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Covariance based estimates of near-boundary diapycnal upwelling in a submarine canyon
We present direct covariance estimates of temperature flux from a conventional taut wire mooring placed in a narrow submarine canyon on the continental slope west of Ireland. Estimates of stratification from both moored sensors and vertical profiling instrumentation are used to facilitate the interpretation of these temperature transport estimates in terms of diathermal upwelling. At depths of 50-125 meters above bottom, the temperature flux is up-gradient, rather than down the mean gradient, a…

Curia: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model for Radiology
Corentin Dancette, Julien Khlaut, Antoine Saporta, Helene Philippe, Elodie Ferreres, Baptiste Callard, Th\'eo Danielou, L\'eo Alberge, L\'eo Machado, Daniel Tordjman, Julie Dupuis, Korentin Le Floch, Jean Du Terrail, Mariam Moshiri, Laurent Dercle, Tom Boeken, Jules Gregory, Maxime Ronot, Fran\c{c}ois Legou, Pascal Roux, Marc Sapoval, Pierre Manceron, Paul H\'erent

Curia: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model for Radiology
AI-assisted radiological interpretation is based on predominantly narrow, single-task models. This approach is impractical for covering the vast spectrum of imaging modalities, diseases, and radiological findings. Foundation models (FMs) hold the promise of broad generalization across modalities and in low-data settings. However, this potential has remained largely unrealized in radiology. We introduce Curia, a foundation model trained on the entire cross-sectional imaging output of a major hos…

Bridging the Gap: Enhancing News Interpretation Across Diverse Audiences with Large Language Models
Leyi Ouyang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21055 https://ar…

Bridging the Gap: Enhancing News Interpretation Across Diverse Audiences with Large Language Models
In the interconnected world, news media are critical in conveying information to public across diverse domains including technology, finance, and agriculture. Journalists make efforts to present accurate information, however, the interpretation of news often varies significantly among different audiences due to their specific expertise and age. In this work, we investigate how to identify these comprehension gaps and provide solutions to improve audiences understanding of news content, particul…

Right-wing pastor Ralph Drollinger, leads Bible studies for members of Congress and the Trump administration via his Capitol Ministries organization.
The purpose of Capitol Ministries is to transform public officials in “disciples”
who will turn founder Drollinger’s very conservative interpretation of scripture into public policy,
such as his belief that the Bible mandates support for right-wing economic, social, environmental, immigration, and criminal justice policies.

How Ralph Drollinger's Right-Wing Bible Study Is Quietly Steering The Ship Of State
Right-wing pastor Ralph Drollinger brags that a new work requirement provision was inserted into the Republican spending bill because of the Bible studies he hosts of members of Congress.

Reversible Imprecise Markov Chains
Damjan \v{S}kulj
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06374 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.06374

Reversible Imprecise Markov Chains
Reversible Markov chains have identical forward and backward path distributions; this symmetry yields tractable stationary behaviour and powers algorithms from MCMC to network random-walk analysis. We extend reversibility to imprecise Markov chains, in which marginal and transition probabilities are specified by credal sets. Adopting the strong-independence interpretation of the Markov property, we reverse every precise chain compatible with a given credal specification and study the resulting …

Explicit Bounds on the Spectrum of 6d N=(1,0) Supergravity
Caucher Birkar, Seung-Joo Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06295 https://arx…

Explicit Bounds on the Spectrum of 6d N=(1,0) Supergravity
We propose a novel strategy to derive explicit and uniform upper bounds on the particle spectrum of six-dimensional gravitational theories with minimal supersymmetry, focusing initially on the tensor sector. The strategy is motivated by considerations of F-theory compactifications on elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-folds. However, it admits a clear bottom-up interpretation and is thus applicable to general supergravity theories modulo certain physical conjectures. At the heart of the strategy are two key…

Get 'em while you can:
Constitution of the United States
Analysis and Interpretation
Centennial Edition, 2016
GPO-CONAN-REV-2016.pdf (large doc)
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CONAN-REV-2016/pdf/GPO-CONAN-REV-2016.pdf

The Prediction and Interpretation of Singularities and Black Holes: From Einstein and Schwarzschild to Penrose and Wheeler
Dennis Lehmkuhl
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00034 https…

The Prediction and Interpretation of Singularities and Black Holes: From Einstein and Schwarzschild to Penrose and Wheeler
The Schwarzschild solution was the first exact solution to Einstein's 1915 field equations, found by Karl Schwarzschild as early as 1916. And yet, physicists, mathematicians and philosophers have struggled for decades with the interpretation of the Schwarzschild solution and the two singularities appearing in it when it is written in polar coordinates. This article distinguishes between eight different ways in which the two singularities have been interpreted between 1916 and the late 1960s, wh…

Investigating Location-Regularised Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Seafloor Visual Imagery
Cailei Liang, Adrian Bodenmann, Emma J Curtis, Samuel Simmons, Kazunori Nagano, Stan Brown, Adam Riese, Blair Thornton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06660

Investigating Location-Regularised Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Seafloor Visual Imagery
High-throughput interpretation of robotically gathered seafloor visual imagery can increase the efficiency of marine monitoring and exploration. Although recent research has suggested that location metadata can enhance self-supervised feature learning (SSL), its benefits across different SSL strategies, models and seafloor image datasets are underexplored. This study evaluates the impact of location-based regularisation on six state-of-the-art SSL frameworks, which include Convolutional Neural …

Combinatorial interpretation of a truncated identity of Gauss
Thomas Y. He, S. Y. Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01216 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01216

Combinatorial interpretation of a truncated identity of Gauss
In 2012, Andrews and Merca proved a truncated theorem on Euler's pentagonal number theorem, which opened up a new study on truncated theta series. In particular, some results on a truncated identity of Guass have been proved. In this article, we provide a new combinatorial interpretation of the truncated identity of Gauss in terms of the minimal excludant non-overlined part of an overpartition.

Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Ensemble for Breast Density Classification in Mammography
Peyman Sharifian, Xiaotong Hong, Alireza Karimian, Mehdi Amini, Hossein Arabi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06410

Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Ensemble for Breast Density Classification in Mammography
Breast density assessment is a crucial component of mammographic interpretation, with high breast density (BI-RADS categories C and D) representing both a significant risk factor for developing breast cancer and a technical challenge for tumor detection. This study proposes an automated deep learning system for robust binary classification of breast density (low: A/B vs. high: C/D) using the VinDr-Mammo dataset. We implemented and compared four advanced convolutional neural networks: ResNet18, …

Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Observational Perspectives on Structure, Kinematics, and Lifetime
Sanghyuk Moon, Eve C. Ostriker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07083 https://

Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Observational Perspectives on Structure, Kinematics, and Lifetime
We analyze an ensemble of simulated prestellar cores to facilitate interpretation of structure, kinematics, and lifetime of observed cores. While our theory predicts a "characteristic" density for star formation, it also predicts that the individual critical density varies among cores; any observed sample thus contains cores at various evolutionary stages within a given density bin. By analyzing the remaining lifetime, we find cores undergoing quasi-equilibrium collapse evolve on a timescale of…

High-Order Deep Meta-Learning with Category-Theoretic Interpretation
David H. Mguni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02634 https://arxiv.or…

High-Order Deep Meta-Learning with Category-Theoretic Interpretation
We introduce a new hierarchical deep learning framework for recursive higher-order meta-learning that enables neural networks (NNs) to construct, solve, and generalise across hierarchies of tasks. Central to this approach is a generative mechanism that creates \emph{virtual tasks} -- synthetic problem instances designed to enable the meta-learner to learn \emph{soft constraints} and unknown generalisable rules across related tasks. Crucially, this enables the framework to generate its own infor…

Mitigating Multi-Sequence 3D Prostate MRI Data Scarcity through Domain Adaptation using Locally-Trained Latent Diffusion Models for Prostate Cancer Detection
Emerson P. Grabke, Babak Taati, Masoom A. Haider
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06384

Mitigating Multi-Sequence 3D Prostate MRI Data Scarcity through Domain Adaptation using Locally-Trained Latent Diffusion Models for Prostate Cancer Detection
Objective: Latent diffusion models (LDMs) could mitigate data scarcity challenges affecting machine learning development for medical image interpretation. The recent CCELLA LDM improved prostate cancer detection performance using synthetic MRI for classifier training but was limited to the axial T2-weighted (AxT2) sequence, did not investigate inter-institutional domain shift, and prioritized radiology over histopathology outcomes. We propose CCELLA++ to address these limitations and improve cl…

Explaining 650 GeV and 95 GeV Anomalies in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I
Akshat Khanna, Stefano Moretti, Agnivo Sarkar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06017 https://

Explaining 650 GeV and 95 GeV Anomalies in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I
We propose an interpretation of a rather significant 650 GeV excess emerged at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from CMS Collaboration data in the $γγb\bar b$ final state, accompanied by further clusters at 125(90-100) GeV in the $γγ(b\bar b)$ system, within the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-I (2HDM-I) in presence of a softly broken $\mathcal{Z}_{2}$ symmetry. The underlying process that we probe is $gg$-initiated production of a CP-odd (or pseudoscalar) Higgs boson $A$, with mass around 650 Ge…

Gravitational Hilbert spaces: invariant and co-invariant states, inner products, gauge-fixing, and BRST
Jesse Held, Henry Maxfield
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05412 https://

Gravitational Hilbert spaces: invariant and co-invariant states, inner products, gauge-fixing, and BRST
Hilbert spaces in theories of gravity are notoriously subtle due to the Hamiltonian constraints, particularly regarding the inner product. To demystify this subject, we review and extend a collection of ideas in canonical gravity, and connect to the sum-over-histories approach by clarifying the Hilbert space interpretation of various gravitational path integrals. We use one-dimensional (or mini-superspace) models as the simplest context to exemplify the conceptual ideas. We emphasise that a phy…

Bounding quantum uncommon information with quantum neural estimators
Donghwa Ji, Junseo Lee, Myeongjin Shin, IlKwon Sohn, Kabgyun Jeong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06091

Bounding quantum uncommon information with quantum neural estimators
In classical information theory, uncommon information refers to the amount of information that is not shared between two messages, and it admits an operational interpretation as the minimum communication cost required to exchange the messages. Extending this notion to the quantum setting, quantum uncommon information is defined as the amount of quantum information necessary to exchange two quantum states. While the value of uncommon information can be computed exactly in the classical case, no …

"It was Tragic": Exploring the Impact of a Robot's Shutdown
Agam Oberlender, Hadas Erel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06934 https://arxiv.org/pd…

"It was Tragic": Exploring the Impact of a Robot's Shutdown
It is well established that people perceive robots as social entities, even when they are not designed for social interaction. We evaluated whether the social interpretation of robotic gestures should also be considered when turning off a robot. In the experiment, participants engaged in a brief preliminary neutral interaction while a robotic arm showed interest in their actions. At the end of the task, participants were asked to turn off the robotic arm under two conditions: (1) a Non-designed…

New Interpretation for the Orientation of the LMC's Gaseous Arms B and E using ULLYSES
April Horton, Suraj Poudel, Kathleen A. Barger, Scott Lucchini, David L. Nidever, Erica Chwalik, Frances H. Cashman, Andrew J. Fox, Nicolas Lehner, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Naomi McClure-Griffiths, Elena D'Onghia, Jason Tumlinson, Jo Vazquez, Lauren Sdun, Stone Gebhart, Katherine Anthony, Bryce Cole, Jacco Th. van Loon, John M. Dickey, Callum Lynn, Hiep Nguyen, Min-Young Lee

New Interpretation for the Orientation of the LMC's Gaseous Arms B and E using ULLYSES
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) experiences disruption from tidal and ram-pressure forces as it travels through the halo of the Milky Way. In this project, we combine radio emission-line observations from the GASS and GASKAP surveys with UV absorption-line observations from the HST Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program to trace the material in front of the LMC. Along our 8 stellar sightlines near 30 Doradus, we observe gaseous structures likely asso…

A Modified VGG19-Based Framework for Accurate and Interpretable Real-Time Bone Fracture Detection
Md. Ehsanul Haque, Abrar Fahim, Shamik Dey, Syoda Anamika Jahan, S. M. Jahidul Islam, Sakib Rokoni, Md Sakib Morshed
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03739

A Modified VGG19-Based Framework for Accurate and Interpretable Real-Time Bone Fracture Detection
Early and accurate detection of the bone fracture is paramount to initiating treatment as early as possible and avoiding any delay in patient treatment and outcomes. Interpretation of X-ray image is a time consuming and error prone task, especially when resources for such interpretation are limited by lack of radiology expertise. Additionally, deep learning approaches used currently, typically suffer from misclassifications and lack interpretable explanations to clinical use. In order to overco…

TemporalFlowViz: Parameter-Aware Visual Analytics for Interpreting Scramjet Combustion Evolution
Yifei Jia, Shiyu Cheng, Yu Dong, Guan Li, Dong Tian, Ruixiao Peng, Xuyi Lu, Yu Wang, Wei Yao, Guihua Shan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04834

TemporalFlowViz: Parameter-Aware Visual Analytics for Interpreting Scramjet Combustion Evolution
Understanding the complex combustion dynamics within scramjet engines is critical for advancing high-speed propulsion technologies. However, the large scale and high dimensionality of simulation-generated temporal flow field data present significant challenges for visual interpretation, feature differentiation, and cross-case comparison. In this paper, we present TemporalFlowViz, a parameter-aware visual analytics workflow and system designed to support expert-driven clustering, visualization, …

Could the 650 GeV Excess be a Pseudoscalar of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model?
Ayoub Hmissou, Stefano Moretti, Larbi Rahili
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06232 https://

Could the 650 GeV Excess be a Pseudoscalar of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model?
In this study, we propose the interpretation of a 650 GeV excess observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the CMS Collaboration in terms of the production of a CP-odd (or pseudoscalar) Higgs boson A, with mass around 650 GeV, decaying into the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs state $h_{125}$ (in turn decaying into $γγ$) and a Z boson (in turn decaying into $b\bar b$), within a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) featuring two active and one inert doublet, known as the I(1+2)HDM. This theoretical…

Operational interpretation of the Stabilizer Entropy
Lennart Bittel, Lorenzo Leone
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22883 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.22883…

Operational interpretation of the Stabilizer Entropy
Magic-state resource theory is a fundamental framework with far-reaching applications in quantum error correction and the classical simulation of quantum systems. Recent advances have significantly deepened our understanding of magic as a resource across diverse domains, including many-body physics, nuclear and particle physics, and quantum chemistry. Central to this progress is the stabilizer Rényi entropy, a computable and experimentally accessible magic monotone. Despite its widespread adop…

Grid-Reg: Grid-Based SAR and Optical Image Registration Across Platforms
Xiaochen Wei, Weiwei Guo, Zenghui Zhang, Wenxian Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04233

Grid-Reg: Grid-Based SAR and Optical Image Registration Across Platforms
Registering airborne SAR with spaceborne optical images is crucial for SAR image interpretation and geo-localization. It is challenging for this cross-platform heterogeneous image registration due to significant geometric and radiation differences, which current methods fail to handle. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel grid-based multimodal registration framework (Grid-Reg) across airborne and space-born platforms, including a new domain-robust descriptor extraction network, Hybrid…

Dynamic Frequency Feature Fusion Network for Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data Classification
Yikang Zhao, Feng Gao, Xuepeng Jin, Junyu Dong, Qian Du
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04510

Dynamic Frequency Feature Fusion Network for Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data Classification
Multi-source data classification is a critical yet challenging task for remote sensing image interpretation. Existing methods lack adaptability to diverse land cover types when modeling frequency domain features. To this end, we propose a Dynamic Frequency Feature Fusion Network (DFFNet) for hyperspectral image (HSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) / Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data joint classification. Specifically, we design a dynamic filter block to dynamically learn the filter k…