Rarefaction-induced inflation and similarity breakdown of hypersonic bow shocks over a circular cylinder
Ehsan Roohi, Ahmad Shoja-Sani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17099 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.17099 https://arxiv.org/html/2605.17099
arXiv:2605.17099v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Rarefied hypersonic bow shocks over blunt bodies inflate as the Knudsen number increases, but it remains unclear whether this inflation is a simple shift and broadening of one common shock layer or a multi-scale change of the macroscopic and internal-energy fields. We address this question using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) data for Mach-10 flow over a circular cylinder in argon and nitrogen over \(Kn_\infty \approx 0.01\)--\(1\), together with a Mach-number sweep at \(Kn_\infty=0.01\). At low rarefaction, a ray-based density-gradient ridge gives a reproducible bow-shock location and agrees with an independent schlieren-based shock-wave-detection method. As \(Kn_\infty\) increases, this ridge is replaced by a broad kinetic compression layer, so the high-Knudsen cases are analysed using profile-based standoff and thickness metrics rather than by imposing a visual shock line. The Knudsen- and Mach-number sweeps separate two mechanisms. At fixed \(M_\infty\), the continuum normal-shock density ratio provides a useful low-rarefaction reference compression scale, whereas the measured standoff growth is governed primarily by the kinetic mean free path; the effective density thickness shows an intermediate minimum before increasing in the diffuse regime. At fixed low \(Kn_\infty\), changing \(M_\infty\) mainly changes compression strength and curvature, preserving a coherent attached-layer structure. Density-registered profiles and shock-attached proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) show that, within the present maximum-density-gradient registration, density becomes nearly rank one, whereas Mach number and thermal variables retain independent modal content. Rarefied bow-shock inflation is therefore a coupled compression--relaxation process, not a single-scale rescaling of a continuum-like shock.
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RE: https://hachyderm.io/@thomasfuchs/116675298963020955
I’m not sure if they will be able to make this work, for two reasons:
1. “AI” craze inflating prices will lead to low demand
2. While Windows runs natively, practically no apps do and many will never get ported because it’s a tiny market.
This will lead to most consumers and businesses to choose a x86-64 computer so apps and games run smoothly.
The crux why Apple could pull this off is tight integration of hardware and software, an extremely good transparent emulation layer for older software, control over the development tools that most apps are made with, and most importantly discontinuation of their Intel-based machines.
Additionally, they’ve had the same underlying OS and apps that share code running for over a decade on that architecture already on their mobile platforms, and they had the experience from another architecture migration in the mid 2000s.
How ByteDance is making Hollywood inroads with its Seedance video generator, thanks to low pricing, striking realism, and features like timeline-based prompting (Nilesh Christopher/Los Angeles Times)
https://www.latimes.com/business/story…
How ByteDance is making Hollywood inroads with its Seedance video generator, thanks to low pricing, striking realism, and features like timeline-based prompting (Nilesh Christopher/Los Angeles Times)
https://www.latimes.com/business/story…
Do you solve that by banning Utah residents from using your website? 🤷♂️
"Utah's Online Age Verification Amendments, formally Senate Bill 73, take effect on May 6, making the state the first in the U.S. to explicitly target VPN use as part of age verification legislation."
https://www.tomshardware.com/software/vpn/utah-becomes-first-us-state-to-target-vpn-use-with-age-verification-law
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Sources: the UK has begun using SpaceX's militarized satellite network Starshield, making it among the first countries outside the US to adopt the tech (Cassell Bryan-Low/Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/business/media-tel
NYT's A.G. Sulzberger says AI companies are making choices that "violate settled law" and could lead to "a great deal of unnecessary harm" to the news business (Corbin Bolies/Variety)
https://variety.com/2026/biz/news/new-
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