Tootfinder

Large Language Model probabilities cannot distinguish between possible and impossible language
Evelina Leivada, Raquel Montero, Paolo Morosi, Natalia Moskvina, Tamara Serrano, Marcel Aguilar, Fritz Guenther
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15114

Large Language Model probabilities cannot distinguish between possible and impossible language
A controversial test for Large Language Models concerns the ability to discern possible from impossible language. While some evidence attests to the models' sensitivity to what crosses the limits of grammatically impossible language, this evidence has been contested on the grounds of the soundness of the testing material. We use model-internal representations to tap directly into the way Large Language Models represent the 'grammatical-ungrammatical' distinction. In a novel benchmark, we elicit…

Euclid preparation. Using mock Low Surface Brightness dwarf galaxies to probe Wide Survey detection capabilities
Collaboration, Urbano, Duc, Poulain, Nucita, Venhola, Marchal, K\"ummel, Kong, Soldano, Romelli, Walmsley, Saifollahi, Voggel, Lan\c{c}on, Marleau, Sola, Hunt, Junais, Carollo, Sanchez-Alarcon, Baes, Buitrago, Cantiello, Cuillandre, S\'anchez, Ferr\'e-Mateu, Franco, Gracia-Carpio, Habas, Hilker, Iodice, Knapen, Le, Mart\'inez-Delgado, M\"uller, De Paoli…

Euclid preparation. Using mock Low Surface Brightness dwarf galaxies to probe Wide Survey detection capabilities
Local Universe dwarf galaxies are both cosmological and mass assembly probes. Deep surveys have enabled the study of these objects down to the low surface brightness (LSB) regime. In this paper, we estimate Euclid's dwarf detection capabilities as well as limits of its MERge processing function (MER pipeline), responsible for producing the stacked mosaics and final catalogues. To do this, we inject mock dwarf galaxies in a real Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) field in the VIS band and compare the inpu…

Unifying inequalities bounding quantum speed limits
Trist\'an M. Os\'an, Yanet \'Alvarez, Mariela Portesi, Pedro Walter Lamberti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04283 htt…

Unifying inequalities bounding quantum speed limits
In this work, we investigate the role of generalized fidelity measures in the derivation of quantum speed limits (QSLs) within a geometric approach. We establish a general theoretical structure and demonstrate that, once a specific generalized fidelity is selected, the resulting Margolus-Levitin and Mandelstam-Tamm bounds for both unitary and non-unitary (Lindblad-type) dynamics depend solely on the chosen fidelity measure. These bounds are shown to be entirely independent of the particular cho…

Energy-Weighted Flow Matching: Unlocking Continuous Normalizing Flows for Efficient and Scalable Boltzmann Sampling
Niclas Dern, Lennart Redl, Sebastian Pfister, Marcel Kollovieh, David L\"udke, Stephan G\"unnemann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03726

Energy-Weighted Flow Matching: Unlocking Continuous Normalizing Flows for Efficient and Scalable Boltzmann Sampling
Sampling from unnormalized target distributions, e.g. Boltzmann distributions $μ_{\text{target}}(x) \propto \exp(-E(x)/T)$, is fundamental to many scientific applications yet computationally challenging due to complex, high-dimensional energy landscapes. Existing approaches applying modern generative models to Boltzmann distributions either require large datasets of samples drawn from the target distribution or, when using only energy evaluations for training, cannot efficiently leverage the e…

Localization structure of electronic states in the quantum Hall effect
Alioune Seye, Marcel Filoche
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04528 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Localization structure of electronic states in the quantum Hall effect
We investigate the localization of electronic states in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) using a magnetic localization landscape (MLL) approach. By studying a continuum Schrödinger model with disordered electrostatic potential, we demonstrate that the MLL, defined via a modified landscape function incorporating magnetic effects, captures key features of quantum state localization. The MLL effective potential reveals the spatial confinement regions and provides predictions of eigenstate e…

Heterogeneous Ensemble Enables a Universal Uncertainty Metric for Atomistic Foundation Models
Kai Liu, Zixiong Wei, Wei Gao, Poulumi Dey, Marcel H. F. Sluiter, Fei Shuang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21297

Heterogeneous Ensemble Enables a Universal Uncertainty Metric for Atomistic Foundation Models
Universal machine learning interatomic potentials (uMLIPs) are reshaping atomistic simulation as foundation models, delivering near \textit{ab initio} accuracy at a fraction of the cost. Yet the lack of reliable, general uncertainty quantification limits their safe, wide-scale use. Here we introduce a unified, scalable uncertainty metric \(U\) based on a heterogeneous model ensemble with reuse of pretrained uMLIPs. Across chemically and structurally diverse datasets, \(U\) shows a strong correl…

Hourglass Sorting: A novel parallel sorting algorithm and its implementation
Daniel Bascones, Borja Morcillo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16326 https://

Hourglass Sorting: A novel parallel sorting algorithm and its implementation
Sorting is one of the fundamental problems in computer science. Playing a role in many processes, it has a lower complexity bound imposed by $\mathcal{O}(n\log{n})$ when executing on a sequential machine. This limit can be brought down to sub-linear times thanks to parallelization techniques that increase the number of comparisons done in parallel. This, however, increases the cost of implementation, which limits the application of such techniques. Moreover, as the size of the arrays increases,…

Multimode Nanobeam Photonic Crystal Cavities for Purcell Enhanced Quantum Dot Emission
Junyeob Song, Ashish Chanana, Emerson Melo, William Eshbaugh, Craig Copeland, Luca Sapienza, Edward Flagg, Jin-Dong Song, Kartik Srinivasan, Marcelo Davanco
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14090

Multimode Nanobeam Photonic Crystal Cavities for Purcell Enhanced Quantum Dot Emission
Epitaxial III-V semiconductor quantum dots in nanopthonic structures are promising candidates for implementing on-demand indistinguishable single-photon emission in integrated quantum photonic circuits. Quantum dot proximity to the etched sidewalls of hosting nanophotonic structures, however, has been shown to induce linewidth broadening of excitonic transitions, which limits emitted single-photon indistinguishability. Here, we design and demonstrate GaAs photonic crystal nanobeam cavities that…

Nanoscale mechanics and ultralow Friction of natural 2D silicates: Biotite and Rhodonite
Surbhi Slathia, Manoj Tripathi, Raphael Benjamim de Oliveira, Guilherme da Silva Lopes Fabris, Bruno Ipaves, Raphael Matozo Tromer, Marcelo Lopes Pereira Junior, Gelu Costin, Preeti Lata Mahapatraa, Nicholas R. Glavin, Ajit K. Roy, Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Douglas Soares Galvao, Alan Dalton, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary

Nanoscale mechanics and ultralow Friction of natural 2D silicates: Biotite and Rhodonite
Two-dimensional (2D) silicates have emerged as a promising class of ultrathin materials, expanding the landscape of 2D systems beyond conventional van der Waals crystals. Their unique crystal chemistries and structural anisotropies make them attractive for applications ranging from sensors and flexoelectric devices to drug delivery and catalysis. To unlock their full potential, it is critical to understand their thickness-dependent mechanical properties within the family of 2D silicates. In thi…