Tootfinder

When it's observable that the very rich are steadily growing richer while the vast majority of people are growing poorer, it's obvious that the tax system is not neutral: it is actively redistributing wealth upwards. For the tax system to be neutral, it MUST tax the very rich much more. To do so is not redistributive, at least until it actively causes a net movement of wealth towards the poor: rather it is simply neutral.

How Has Inequality Changed? - Equality Trust
Levels of inequality changed dramatically over the course of the 20th century. Overall income inequality fell from a high point in the 1930s, remained fairly static until 1979, and then increased dramatically from 1979 to 1991. Since 1991, the trend has been more volatile, affected by Great Recession of the late 2000s and the Covid-19 […]

Semiclassical analytical solutions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a quantum billiard
Yaoqi Ye, Chengkai Lin, Xiao Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12517 https://

Semiclassical analytical solutions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a quantum billiard
We derive semiclassical analytical solutions for both the diagonal and off-diagonal functions in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in a quarter-stadium quantum billiard. For a representative observable, we obtain an explicit expression and an asymptotic closed-form solution that naturally separate into a local contribution and a phase-space correlation term. These analytical results predict the band structure of the observable matrix, including its bandwidth and scaling behavior. W…

Dynamically generated tilt of isocurvature fluctuations
Saarik Kalia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11803 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11803

Dynamically generated tilt of isocurvature fluctuations
Light scalar fields acquire isocurvature fluctuations during inflation. While these fluctuations could lead to interesting observable signatures at small scales, they are strongly constrained on large scales by cosmic microwave background observations. When the mass of the scalar is much lighter than the inflationary Hubble scale, $m\ll H_I$, the spectrum of these fluctuations is flat. Meanwhile, if $m\gg H_I$, the fluctuations are suppressed. A blue-tilted isocurvature spectrum which exhibits …

Black hole mergers beyond general relativity: a self-force approach
Ayush Roy, Lorenzo K\"uchler, Adam Pound, Rodrigo Panosso Macedo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11793 https:…

Black hole mergers beyond general relativity: a self-force approach
Gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers provide a glimpse of gravitational dynamics in its most extreme observable regime, potentially enabling precision tests of general relativity (GR) and of the Kerr description of black holes. However, until recently, numerical simulations of black hole mergers have not been possible in theories beyond GR. While recent breakthroughs have overcome that obstacle, simulations covering the full, interesting range of binary parameters remain unfeasibl…

Eternal inflation bubble collision signature on CMB remote dipole and quadrupole fields
Hongbo Cai, Pengjie Zhang, Yilun Guan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12134 https://

Eternal inflation bubble collision signature on CMB remote dipole and quadrupole fields
The remote dipole and quadrupole fields (RDF/RQF) encode information about the observable universe as seen from remote places within our past light cone. Sensitive to the superhorizon inhomogeneites, they provide a unique way to probe physics at the largest scales, bypassing the limitations of cosmic variance inherent in the primary cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this work, we focus on the bubble collision predicted by the eternal inflation theory, which can leave distinct azimuthally sy…

What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: How Well do Latent Safety Filters Understand Partially Observable Safety Constraints?
Matthew Kim, Kensuke Nakamura, Andrea Bajcsy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06492

What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: How Well do Latent Safety Filters Understand Partially Observable Safety Constraints?
Safe control techniques, such as Hamilton-Jacobi reachability, provide principled methods for synthesizing safety-preserving robot policies but typically assume hand-designed state spaces and full observability. Recent work has relaxed these assumptions via latent-space safe control, where state representations and dynamics are learned jointly through world models that reconstruct future high-dimensional observations (e.g., RGB images) from current observations and actions. This enables safety …

To Distill or Decide? Understanding the Algorithmic Trade-off in Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning
Yuda Song, Dhruv Rohatgi, Aarti Singh, J. Andrew Bagnell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03207

To Distill or Decide? Understanding the Algorithmic Trade-off in Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning
Partial observability is a notorious challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), due to the need to learn complex, history-dependent policies. Recent empirical successes have used privileged expert distillation--which leverages availability of latent state information during training (e.g., from a simulator) to learn and imitate the optimal latent, Markovian policy--to disentangle the task of "learning to see" from "learning to act". While expert distillation is more computationally efficient tha…

Verifiable blind observable estimation: A composably secure protocol for near-term quantum advantage tasks
Bo Yang, Elham Kashefi, Harold Ollivier
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08548

Verifiable blind observable estimation: A composably secure protocol for near-term quantum advantage tasks
The rapid advance of quantum hardware is spotlighting pre-fault-tolerant tasks that may no longer be efficiently validated by classical means and are likely to run on potentially untrusted remote quantum servers. This motivates problem-independent verification protocols with rigorous guarantees. The Verifiable Blind Quantum Computation (VBQC) protocol provides delegated computation where the composable security spans the confidentiality and integrity of the computation. However, the success o…

Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Pricing Theory
Tian Xin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06287 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.06287

Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Pricing Theory
Motivated by Heisenberg's observable-only stance, we replace latent "information" (filtrations, hidden diffusions, state variables) with observable transitions between price states. On a discrete price lattice with a Hilbert-space representation, shift operators and the spectral calculus of the price define observable frequency operators and a translation-invariant convolution generator. Combined with jump operators that encode transition intensities, this yields a completely positive, translat…

Jet quenching without energy loss
Liliana Apolin\'ario, Chiara Le Roux, Korinna Zapp
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11914 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11914

Jet quenching without energy loss
The onset of jet quenching, i.e. the suppression of high transverse momentum particles and jets, is an important question in the context of understanding the onset of collective behaviour and small collision systems. We investigate a minimal scenario where a hard parton experiences a single soft re-scattering that leaves the kinematics unmodified, but the colour exchange leads to a loss of colour coherence that is observable in the final distribution of fragments. In particular, the formation t…

Two-dimensional superconducting diode effect in topological insulator/superconductor heterostructure
Soma Nagahama, Yuki Sato, Minoru Kawamura, Ilya Belopolski, Ryutaro Yoshimi, Atsushi Tsukazaki, Naoya Kanazawa, Kei S Takahashi, Masashi Kawasaki, Yoshinori Tokura
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09921

Two-dimensional superconducting diode effect in topological insulator/superconductor heterostructure
The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is characterized by the nonreciprocity of Cooper-pair motion with respect to current direction. In three-dimensional (3D) materials, SDE results in a critical current that varies with direction, making the effect distinctly observable: the material exhibits superconductivity in one direction while behaving as a resistive metal in the opposite direction. However, in genuinely two-dimensional (2D) materials, the critical current density is theoretically zero…

An Efficient, Reliable and Observable Collective Communication Library in Large-scale GPU Training Clusters
Ziteng Chen (Infrawaves), Xiaohe Hu (Infrawaves), Menghao Zhang (Beihang University), Yanmin Jia (Infrawaves), Yan Zhang (Infrawaves), Mingjun Zhang (Infrawaves), Da Liu (Infrawaves), Fangzheng Jiao (Beihang University), Jun Chen (Infrawaves), He Liu (Infrawaves), Aohan Zeng (Tsinghua University), Shuaixing Duan (Zhipu AI), Ruya Gu (Infrawaves), Yang Jing (Infrawaves), Bowen Han …

An Efficient, Reliable and Observable Collective Communication Library in Large-scale GPU Training Clusters
Large-scale LLM training requires collective communication libraries to exchange data among distributed GPUs. As a company dedicated to building and operating large-scale GPU training clusters, we encounter several challenges when using NCCL in production, including 1) limited efficiency with costly and cumbersome P2P communication, 2) poor tolerance to frequent RNIC port failures, and 3) insufficient observability of transient collective communication anomalies. To address these issues, we pro…

Towards Causal Representation Learning with Observable Sources as Auxiliaries
Kwonho Kim, Heejeong Nam, Inwoo Hwang, Sanghack Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19058 https://

Adaptive Science Operations in Deep Space Missions Using Offline Belief State Planning
Grace Ra Kim, Hailey Warner, Duncan Eddy, Evan Astle, Zachary Booth, Edward Balaban, Mykel J. Kochenderfer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08812

Adaptive Science Operations in Deep Space Missions Using Offline Belief State Planning
Deep space missions face extreme communication delays and environmental uncertainty that prevent real-time ground operations. To support autonomous science operations in communication-constrained environments, we present a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework that adaptively sequences spacecraft science instruments. We integrate a Bayesian network into the POMDP observation space to manage the high-dimensional and uncertain measurements typical of astrobiology missions…

Gamma-Ray Spectra of $R$-Process Nuclei
Axel Gross, Samuel Cupp, Matthew R Mumpower
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08560 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.08560

Gamma-Ray Spectra of $R$-Process Nuclei
The radioactive decay of unstable nuclei created in the rapid neutron capture process release a large amount of $γ$-rays. When the ejecta is optically thick, these $γ$-rays may contribute to an associated kilonova. Once transparent, prominent spectral features will be directly observable in current and future $γ$-ray detectors. In this work, we study and compare the $γ$-ray spectra of a limited, weak, strong, and extended $r$-process across a broad timescale, identifying the nuclei which si…

Forecasting the Observable Rates of Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae for the PASSAGES Dusty Starbursts
Patrick S. Kamieneski, Rogier A. Windhorst, Brenda L. Frye, Min S. Yun, Kevin C. Harrington, Simon D. Mork, Nicholas Foo, Nikhil Garuda, Massimo Pascale, Belen Alcalde Pampliega, Timothy Carleton, Seth H. Cohen, Carlos Garcia Diaz, Rolf A. Jansen, Eric F. Jimenez-Andrade, Anton M. Koekemoer, James D. Lowenthal, Allison Noble, Justin D. R. Pierel, Amit Vishwas, Q. Daniel Wang, Ilsang …

Forecasting the Observable Rates of Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae for the PASSAGES Dusty Starbursts
More than 60 years have passed since the first formal suggestion to use strongly-lensed supernovae to measure the expansion rate of the Universe through time-delay cosmography. Yet, fewer than 10 such objects have ever been discovered. We consider the merits of a targeted strategy focused on lensed hyperluminous infrared galaxies-- among the most rapidly star-forming galaxies known in the Universe. With star formation rates (SFRs) $\sim {200 - 6000}~\textrm{M}_\odot~\textrm{yr}^{-1}$, the $\sim…

Comparison of typicality in quantum and classical many-body systems
Peter Reimann, Nicolas Nessi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06795 https://arxiv.org/pdf/251…

Comparison of typicality in quantum and classical many-body systems
Quantum typicality refers to the phenomenon that the expectation values of any given observable are nearly identical for the overwhelming majority of all normalized vectors in a sufficiently high-dimensional Hilbert (sub-)space. As a consequence, we show that the thermal equilibrium fluctuations in many-body quantum systems can be very closely imitated by the purely quantum mechanical uncertainties (quantum fluctuations) of suitably chosen pure states. On the other hand, we find that analogous …

Infall Explains the Disk Kinematics of AB Aur Without Gravitational Instability
Josh Calcino, Daniel J. Price, Chris W. Ormel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05601 https://

Infall Explains the Disk Kinematics of AB Aur Without Gravitational Instability
Late-stage infall onto protoplanetary disks can produce large scale spiral arms. In this paper we used 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simulations to study the kinematic perturbations induced in disks by infalling material. We found that deviations from Keplerian rotation are predominantly in the radial and vertical velocity components, spatially correlated with spiral arms in the gas surface density. The infall produces observable wiggles in the channel maps, analogou…

Compact representation of transonic airfoil buffet flows with observable-augmented machine learning
Kai Fukami, Yuta Iwatani, Soju Maejima, Hiroyuki Asada, Soshi Kawai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17306 …

Compact representation of transonic airfoil buffet flows with observable-augmented machine learning
Transonic buffet presents time-dependent aerodynamic characteristics associated with shock, turbulent boundary layer, and their interactions. Despite strong nonlinearities and a large degree of freedom, there exists a dominant dynamic pattern of a buffet cycle, suggesting the low dimensionality of transonic buffet phenomena. This study seeks a low-dimensional representation of transonic airfoil buffet at a high Reynolds number with machine learning. Wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of flow o…

UltraHorizon: Benchmarking Agent Capabilities in Ultra Long-Horizon Scenarios
Haotian Luo, Huaisong Zhang, Xuelin Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Zeyu Qin, Wenjie Lu, Guozheng Ma, Haiying He, Yingsha Xie, Qiyang Zhou, Zixuan Hu, Hongze Mi, Yibo Wang, Naiqiang Tan, Hong Chen, Yi R. Fung, Chun Yuan, Li Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21766

UltraHorizon: Benchmarking Agent Capabilities in Ultra Long-Horizon Scenarios
Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development, commercial investment, and scientific discovery, unfold in long-horizon and partially observable scenarios where success hinges on sustained reasoning, planning, memory management, and tool use. Existing benchmarks rarely capture these long-horizon challenge…

Comparative Analysis of Parameterized Action Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Web Search Match Plan Generation
Ubayd Bapoo, Clement N Nyirenda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03064

Comparative Analysis of Parameterized Action Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Web Search Match Plan Generation
This study evaluates the performance of Soft Actor Critic (SAC), Greedy Actor Critic (GAC), and Truncated Quantile Critics (TQC) in high-dimensional decision-making tasks using fully observable environments. The focus is on parametrized action (PA) spaces, eliminating the need for recurrent networks, with benchmarks Platform-v0 and Goal-v0 testing discrete actions linked to continuous action-parameter spaces. Hyperparameter optimization was performed with Microsoft NNI, ensuring reproducibility…

Asymptotic Schwarzschild solutions in $f(R)$ gravity and their observable effects on the photon sphere of black holes
Miguel Aparicio Resco
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00702 http…

Asymptotic Schwarzschild solutions in $f(R)$ gravity and their observable effects on the photon sphere of black holes
We investigate asymptotic Schwarzschild exterior solutions in the context of modified gravity theories, specifically within the framework of $f(R)$ gravity, where the asymptotic behavior recovers the standard Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity. Unlike previous studies that rely mainly on analytical approximations, our approach combines asymptotic analysis with numerical integration of the underlying differential equations. Using these solutions, we analyze strong lensing effects to ob…

SLOPE and Designing Robust Studies for Generalization
Xinran Miao, Jiwei Zhao, Hyunseung Kang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01577 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0…

SLOPE and Designing Robust Studies for Generalization
A popular task in generalization is to learn about a new, target population based on data from an existing, source population. This task relies on conditional exchangeability, which asserts that differences between the source and target populations are fully captured by observable characteristics of the two populations. Unfortunately, this assumption is often untenable in practice due to unobservable differences between the source and target populations. Worse, the assumption cannot be verified…

Insulating transport in anisotropic metals: breakdown of Drude transport and the puzzling $c$-axis resistivity of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and other layered oxides
Sophie Beck, Matthew Shammami, Lorenzo Van Mu\~noz, Jason Kaye, Antoine Georges, Jernej Mravlje
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03756

Insulating transport in anisotropic metals: breakdown of Drude transport and the puzzling $c$-axis resistivity of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and other layered oxides
We reveal a mechanism that may explain the non-metallic out-of-plane resistivity in layered metals. By carefully examining how the Drude-Boltzmann expression for the $c$-axis conductivity emerges out of the Kubo formula, we find, besides the standard metallic term proportional to the carrier lifetime $τ$, a non-Drude contribution proportional to $1/τ$. The Drude behavior breaks down when $1/τ> 2 η^*$, the crossover value $η^*$ being small (and hence observable) when the $c$-axis velocities…

Platform-Agnostic Modular Architecture for Quantum Benchmarking
Neer Patel, Anish Giri, Hrushikesh Pramod Patil, Noah Siekierski, Avimita Chatterjee, Sonika Johri, Timothy Proctor, Thomas Lubinski, Siyuan Niu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08469

Platform-Agnostic Modular Architecture for Quantum Benchmarking
We present a platform-agnostic modular architecture that addresses the increasingly fragmented landscape of quantum computing benchmarking by decoupling problem generation, circuit execution, and results analysis into independent, interoperable components. Supporting over 20 benchmark variants ranging from simple algorithmic tests like Bernstein-Vazirani to complex Hamiltonian simulation with observable calculations, the system integrates with multiple circuit generation APIs (Qiskit, CUDA-Q, C…

Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimation
Erdun Gao, Jake Fawkes, Dino Sejdinovic
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21866 https://

Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimation
Estimating the Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) is often constrained by the high cost of obtaining outcome measurements, making active learning essential. However, conventional active learning strategies suffer from a fundamental objective mismatch. They are designed to reduce uncertainty in model parameters or in observable factual outcomes, failing to directly target the unobservable causal quantities that are the true objects of interest. To address this misalignment, we introduce…

Evidence for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Martin G. H. Krause, Martin A. Bourne, Silke Britzen, Adi Foord, Jenny E. Greene, Melanie Habouzit, Maya A. Horton, Lucio Mayer, Hannah Middleton, Rebecca Nealon, Julia M. Sisk-Reyn\'es, Christopher S. Reynolds, Debora Sijacki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07534

Evidence for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
We review the state of the evidence for the existence and observational appearance of supermassive black hole binaries. Such objects are expected from standard hierarchical galaxy evolution to form after two galaxies, each containing a supermassive black hole, have merged, in the centre of the merger remnant. A complex interaction is predicted to take place with stars and gas in the host galaxy, leading to observable signatures in weakly as well as actively accreting phases. Direct observationa…

Swift Memory Burden in Merging Black Holes: how information load affects black hole's classical dynamics
Gia Dvali
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22540 https://

Swift Memory Burden in Merging Black Holes: how information load affects black hole's classical dynamics
In this paper we argue that the information load carried by a black hole affects its classical perturbations. We refer to this phenomenon as the ``swift memory burden effect" and show that it is universal for objects of high efficiency of information storage. The effect is expected to have observable manifestations, for example, in mergers of astrophysical black holes in Einstein gravity. The black holes with different information loads, although degenerate in the ground state, respond very dif…

HyPlan: Hybrid Learning-Assisted Planning Under Uncertainty for Safe Autonomous Driving
Donald Pfaffmann, Matthias Klusch, Marcel Steinmetz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07210 http…

HyPlan: Hybrid Learning-Assisted Planning Under Uncertainty for Safe Autonomous Driving
We present a novel hybrid learning-assisted planning method, named HyPlan, for solving the collision-free navigation problem for self-driving cars in partially observable traffic environments. HyPlan combines methods for multi-agent behavior prediction, deep reinforcement learning with proximal policy optimization and approximated online POMDP planning with heuristic confidence-based vertical pruning to reduce its execution time without compromising safety of driving. Our experimental performan…

Halo Properties from Observable Measures of Environment: II. Central versus Satellite Classification
Haley Bowden, Peter Behroozi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25312 https://

Halo Properties from Observable Measures of Environment: II. Central versus Satellite Classification
A physical understanding of galaxy formation and evolution benefits from an understanding of the connections between galaxies, their host dark matter halos, and their environments. In particular, interactions with more-massive neighbors can leave lasting imprints on both galaxies and their hosts. Distinguishing between populations of galaxies with differing environments and interaction histories is therefore essential for isolating the role of environment in shaping galaxy properties. We presen…

Excitation energy of fission fragments within nuclear time-dependent density functional theory
Antonio Bjel\v{c}i\'c, Nicolas Schunck, Marc Verriere
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06701

Excitation energy of fission fragments within nuclear time-dependent density functional theory
The number and properties of the neutrons and photons emitted in nuclear fission are directly related to the excitation energy of the fission fragments when they are formed at scission. Though not observable experimentally because of the extremely short time scales, the excitation energy of fission fragments can be predicted by microscopic theory based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Initial results on the value of the total kinetic energy of fission reactions were very pro…

Observability of Schr\"odinger propagators on tori in rough settings
Nicolas Burq, Hui Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23965 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

Observability of Schrödinger propagators on tori in rough settings
On a torus of arbitrary dimension, it is conjectured that Schrödinger propagators with bounded potentials are observable from any space-time set of positive Lebesgue measure. We establish a criterion that proves the conjecture on the one-dimensional torus, yields new examples of measurable observation sets, and, more significantly, reduces the general conjecture to verifying certain integrability bounds for free Schrödinger waves. These bounds are far weaker than Bourgain's conjectured period…

Analysis of a Spatialized Brain-Body-Environment System
Denizhan Pak, Quan Le Thien, Christopher J. Agostino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25640 https://arxiv…

Analysis of a Spatialized Brain-Body-Environment System
The brain-body-environment framework studies adaptive be- havior through embodied and situated agents, emphasizing interactions between brains, biomechanics, and environmen- tal dynamics. However, many models often treat the brain as a network of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs), neglecting finer spatial properties which can not only increase model complexity but also constrain observable neural dy- namics. To address this limitation, we propose a spatially ex- tended approach usi…

Large-scale peculiar velocities in the universe
Christos G. Tsagas, Leandros Perivolaropoulos, Kerkyra Asvesta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05340 https://arx…

Large-scale peculiar velocities in the universe
Observations have repeatedly confirmed the presence of large-scale peculiar motions in the universe, commonly referred to as ``bulk flows''. These are vast regions of the observable universe, typically spanning scales of several hundred Mpc, that move coherently with speeds of the order of several hundred km/sec. While there is a general consensus on the direction of these motions, discrepancies persist in their reported sizes and velocities, with some of them exceeding the predictions of the s…

SENSE-7: Taxonomy and Dataset for Measuring User Perceptions of Empathy in Sustained Human-AI Conversations
Jina Suh, Lindy Le, Erfan Shayegani, Gonzalo Ramos, Judith Amores, Desmond C. Ong, Mary Czerwinski, Javier Hernandez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16437

SENSE-7: Taxonomy and Dataset for Measuring User Perceptions of Empathy in Sustained Human-AI Conversations
Empathy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in human-AI communication, yet conventional approaches to "digital empathy" often focus on simulating internal, human-like emotional states while overlooking the inherently subjective, contextual, and relational facets of empathy as perceived by users. In this work, we propose a human-centered taxonomy that emphasizes observable empathic behaviors and introduce a new dataset, Sense-7, of real-world conversations between information workers and …

Generalized Thue-Morse measures: spectral and fractal analysis
Philipp Gohlke, Marc Kesseb\"ohmer, Tanja I. Schindler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22109 https://

Generalized Thue-Morse measures: spectral and fractal analysis
We investigate a family of Riesz products and show that they can be regarded as diffraction measures of generalized Thue-Morse sequences, possibly over an infinite alphabet. These measures are closely related to the dynamical system arising from the doubling map together with an observable exhibiting a logarithmic singularity. For this system, we develop a generalized thermodynamic formalism beyond the standard setting, which yields explicit formulas for Birkhoff and dimension spectra. A furthe…

An Educational Guide for 2D Stellar Structure Calculations of Rapidly Rotating Stars using the ESTER code
Russel White, Jane Pratt, Michel Rieutord
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20264

An Educational Guide for 2D Stellar Structure Calculations of Rapidly Rotating Stars using the ESTER code
The Evolution STEllaire en Rotation (ESTER) code is the first 2D stellar structure code to be made open-source and freely available to the astronomy and astrophysics community. An important and novel advancement of this code is that it can reproduce the distorted shape and observable signatures (e.g., gravity darkening) of rapidly rotating stars. ESTER also calculates the steady-state large-scale flows within the star, namely their differential rotation and associated meridional circulation. In…

Chiral charge conservation and ballistic magnetotransport in a disordered Weyl semimetal
A. A. Burkov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25330 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Chiral charge conservation and ballistic magnetotransport in a disordered Weyl semimetal
We demonstrate that in an ideal Weyl semimetal, in which the Fermi energy coincides with the band-touching nodes, weak direct inter-nodal scattering is irrelevant and, as a result, the chiral charge is (almost) exactly conserved. This leads to an experimentally-observable effect: in an applied magnetic field, the charge transport along the field becomes purely ballistic, with the conductance given by $e^2/h$ per magnetic flux quantum through the sample cross-section. This is the strongest exper…

Quantum Entanglement without Spin-Analyzing Power Dependence at the Colliders
Junle Pei, Tianjun Li, Lina Wu, Xiqing Hao, Xiaochuan Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08031 https:/…

Quantum Entanglement without Spin-Analyzing Power Dependence at the Colliders
We study the quantum entanglement at the colliders which is independent of the spin-analyzing powers. Taking $Λ(\to pπ^-)\barΛ(\to \bar{p}π^+)$ as an example, we investigate whether quantum entanglement in fermion pairs produced at colliders can be certified by using only angular information from final-state decays, while remaining independent of the parity-violating decay parameters $α_Λ$ and $α_{\barΛ}$. Building on a general decomposition of any angular observable in terms of Wigner …

Bearing-only Tracking using Towed Sensor-Array with Non-Gaussian Measurement Noise Statistics
Rohit Kumar Singh, Subrata Kumar, Shovan Bhaumik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16570 h…

Bearing-only Tracking using Towed Sensor-Array with Non-Gaussian Measurement Noise Statistics
Passive bearing-only tracking (BOT) estimates the target states by utilising noisy bearing measurements captured by a sensor array. The sensor array is often towed behind the ship, using a long flexible cable to reduce interference from the own-ship's inherent noises. This forms a towed cable sensor-array system (TCSAS). During BOT, the tow-ship has to perform a manoeuvre to make the tracking system observable. Such a manoeuvre destabilises the TCSAS, thus making its exact location unknown \emp…

Giant optical anisotropy in CrSBr from giant exciton oscillator strength
Georgy Ermolaev, Tagir Mazitov, Arslan Mazitov, Adilet Toksumakov, Dmitriy Grudinin, Anton Minnekhanov, Gleb Tselikov, Dmitry Yakubovsky, Gleb Tikhonowski, Nikolay Pak, Umer Ahsan, Aleksandr Slavich, Mikhail Mironov, Alexey Tsapenko, Andrey Vyshnevyy, Ivan Kruglov, Zdenek Sofer, Aleksey Arsenin, Kostya Novoselov, Andrey Katanin, Valentyn Volkov

ContextVLA: Vision-Language-Action Model with Amortized Multi-Frame Context
Huiwon Jang, Sihyun Yu, Heeseung Kwon, Hojin Jeon, Younggyo Seo, Jinwoo Shin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04246

ContextVLA: Vision-Language-Action Model with Amortized Multi-Frame Context
Leveraging temporal context is crucial for success in partially observable robotic tasks. However, prior work in behavior cloning has demonstrated inconsistent performance gains when using multi-frame observations. In this paper, we introduce ContextVLA, a policy model that robustly improves robotic task performance by effectively leveraging multi-frame observations. Our approach is motivated by the key observation that Vision-Language-Action models (VLA), i.e., policy models built upon a Visio…

Quantum Measurement Trees, II: Quantum Observables as Ortho-Measurable Functions and Density Matrices as Ortho-Probability Measures
Peter J. Hammond
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22617

Quantum Measurement Trees, II: Quantum Observables as Ortho-Measurable Functions and Density Matrices as Ortho-Probability Measures
Given a quantum state in the finite-dimensional Hilbert space $ \C^n $, the range of possible values of a quantum observable is usually identified with the discrete spectrum of eigenvalues of a corresponding Hermitian matrix. Here any such observable is identified with: (i) an ``ortho-measurable'' function defined on the Boolean ``ortho-algebra'' generated by the eigenspaces that form an orthogonal decomposition of $ \C^n $; (ii) a ``numerically identified'' orthogonal decomposition of $ \C^n $…

A Numerical Rosenblatt Method for Forced Variable Independence
Radek Vav\v{r}i\v{c}ka (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics), Tom\'a\v{s} S\'ykora (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics)
https://arxiv.org/abs/250…

A Numerical Rosenblatt Method for Forced Variable Independence
A novel numerical technique is presented to transform one random variable within a system toward statistical quasi-independence from any other random variable in the system. The method's applicability is demonstrated through a particle physics example where a classifier is rendered quasi-independent from an observable quantity.

Finding Supermassive Black Hole Binary Mergers in Pulsar Timing Array Data
Sharon Mary Tomson, Boris Goncharov, Rutger van Haasteren
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04537 https://

Finding Supermassive Black Hole Binary Mergers in Pulsar Timing Array Data
Galaxy observations suggest there is about one merger of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHB) throughout the observable universe in a year. Here, we introduce the methodology to search for gravitational waves from these events with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). Modelling the inspiral, the merger, the ringdown, and the gravitational wave memory components of the signal in simulated data, we demonstrate a proof of principle for detection and parameter estimation. We study a few representativ…

Identifying Network Structure of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Contraction and Kuramoto Oscillators
Jaidev Gill, Jing Shuang Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13505 https://

Identifying Network Structure of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Contraction and Kuramoto Oscillators
In this work, we study the identifiability of network topologies for networked nonlinear systems when partial measurements of the nodes are taken. We explore scenarios where different candidate topologies can yield similar measurements, thus limiting identifiability. To do so, we apply the contraction theory framework to facilitate comparisons between candidate topologies. We show that semicontraction in the observable space is a sufficient condition for two systems to become indistinguishable …

CoBel-World: Harnessing LLM Reasoning to Build a Collaborative Belief World for Optimizing Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration
Zhimin Wang, Shaokang He, Duo Wu, Jinghe Wang, Linjia Kang, Jing Yu, Zhi Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21981

CoBel-World: Harnessing LLM Reasoning to Build a Collaborative Belief World for Optimizing Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration
Effective real-world multi-agent collaboration requires not only accurate planning but also the ability to reason about collaborators' intents -- a crucial capability for avoiding miscoordination and redundant communication under partial observable environments. Due to their strong planning and reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising autonomous agents for collaborative task solving. However, existing collaboration frameworks for LLMs overlook their reasoni…

Overview of the latest developments in understanding the initial state and thermalization
Kirill Boguslavski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04661 https://arxiv…

Overview of the latest developments in understanding the initial state and thermalization
A proper description of the non-equilibrium matter preceding the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions and its observable consequences remain a major theoretical challenge, while at the same time offering new opportunities for experimental exploration. In these proceedings, I provide an overview of studies presented in talks and posters at Quark Matter 2025 on this topic. We will focus on the latest developments regarding the features and the numerical description of the non-equilibr…

MobRT: A Digital Twin-Based Framework for Scalable Learning in Mobile Manipulation
Yilin Mei, Peng Qiu, Wei Zhang, WenChao Zhang, Wenjie Song
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04592 ht…

MobRT: A Digital Twin-Based Framework for Scalable Learning in Mobile Manipulation
Recent advances in robotics have been largely driven by imitation learning, which depends critically on large-scale, high-quality demonstration data. However, collecting such data remains a significant challenge-particularly for mobile manipulators, which must coordinate base locomotion and arm manipulation in high-dimensional, dynamic, and partially observable environments. Consequently, most existing research remains focused on simpler tabletop scenarios, leaving mobile manipulation relativel…

Entanglement Asymmetry for Higher and Noninvertible Symmetries
Francesco Benini, Pasquale Calabrese, Michele Fossati, Amartya Harsh Singh, Marco Venuti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16311

Entanglement Asymmetry for Higher and Noninvertible Symmetries
Entanglement asymmetry is an observable in quantum systems, constructed using quantum-information methods, suited to detecting symmetry breaking in states -- possibly out of equilibrium -- relative to a subsystem. In this paper we define the asymmetry for generalized finite symmetries, including higher-form and noninvertible ones. To this end, we introduce a "symmetrizer" of (reduced) density matrices with respect to the $C^*$-algebra of symmetry operators acting on the subsystem Hilbert space.…

Efficiency of viscous angular momentum transport in dissipating Be binaries
Peter Quigley, Carol E. Jones, Kenneth Gayley, Anahi Granada, Stan Owocki, Rina Rast, Mark Suffak, Atsuo T. Okazaki, Asif ud-Doula, Ji\v{r}\'i Krti\v{c}ka, Alex C. Carciofi, Jeremy J. Drake
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19468

Efficiency of viscous angular momentum transport in dissipating Be binaries
Angular momentum transport is a fundamental process shaping the structure, evolution, and lifespans of stars and disks across a wide range of astrophysical systems. Be stars offer a valuable environment for studying viscous transport of angular momentum in massive stars, thanks to their rapid rotation, observable decretion disks, and likely absence of strong magnetic fields. This study analyzes angular momentum loss in 40 Be binary simulations spanning a range of orbital separations and compani…

Learning Robust Penetration-Testing Policies under Partial Observability: A systematic evaluation
Raphael Simon, Pieter Libin, Wim Mees
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20008 https://…

Learning Robust Penetration-Testing Policies under Partial Observability: A systematic evaluation
Penetration testing, the simulation of cyberattacks to identify security vulnerabilities, presents a sequential decision-making problem well-suited for reinforcement learning (RL) automation. Like many applications of RL to real-world problems, partial observability presents a major challenge, as it invalidates the Markov property present in Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Partially Observable MDPs require history aggregation or belief state estimation to learn successful policies. We investi…

Limits on the Axion-Photon Coupling from Chandrayaan-2
Tanmoy Kumar, N. P. S. Mithun, Subhendra Mohanty, Sourov Roy, B. S. Bharath Saiguhan, Santosh Vadawale
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06087

Limits on the Axion-Photon Coupling from Chandrayaan-2
Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) have gained immense attention in searches for beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. Experiments searching for axions leverage their predicted couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles to look for observable signals. Though weak, these couplings allow axions to be produced abundantly in the interiors of stars such as the Sun. Once created, axions can escape the Sun and while passing through the solar atmosphere, oscillate into photons in the magnetic field …

Superconductivity in cubic La3Al with interstitial anionic electrons
Zhijun Tu, Peihan Sun, Donghan Jia, Huiyang Gou, Kai Liu, Hechang Lei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22559 https…

Superconductivity in cubic La3Al with interstitial anionic electrons
We report the observation of superconductivity in cubic La3Al single crystal. It shows a metallic behavior at a normal state without observable structural transition and enters the superconducting state below Tc ~ 6.32 K. Detailed characterizations and analysis indicate that cubic La3Al is a bulk type-II BCS superconductor. Moreover, theoretical calculations show that it can host interstitial anionic electrons, which are located at the body center of cubic unit cell, and confirm the electron-ph…

Nonlinear Response Relations and Fluctuation-Response Inequalities for Nonequilibrium Stochastic Systems
Jiming Zheng, Zhiyue Lu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19606 https://…

Nonlinear Response Relations and Fluctuation-Response Inequalities for Nonequilibrium Stochastic Systems
Predicting how systems respond to external perturbations far from equilibrium remains a fundamental challenge across physics, chemistry, and biology. We present a unified response framework for stochastic Markov dynamics that integrates linear and nonlinear perturbations. Our formalism expresses nonlinear responses of observables in terms of the covariance between the observable and a nonlinear conjugate variable. The nonlinear conjugate variable is subject to the complete Bell polynomial form …

Models of the night-sky brightness and the efficiency of searching for exoplanets with the microlensing method
S. I. Ipatov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19134 https://

Gravitational Waves sourced by Gauge Fields during Inflation
Martin Teuscher, Ruth Durrer, Killian Martineau, Aur\'elien Barrau
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00869 https://

Gravitational Waves sourced by Gauge Fields during Inflation
We study the inflationary gravitational wave background induced by Abelian gauge fields generated by non-minimal kinetic and axial couplings to the inflaton. We show that the gravitational wave spectrum is scale invariant and derive its amplitude for generic gauge field coupling parameters, within the slow-roll approximation. We constrain the coupling values and the scale of inflation for which the induced gravitational wave background is observable, while ensuring that back-reaction on the inf…

Helicity correlation of dihadron in current and target fragmentation regions of unpolarized SIDIS
Xue-Qi Xi, Kai-Bao Chen, Xuan-Bo Tong, Shu-Yi Wei, Jing Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06103

Helicity correlation of dihadron in current and target fragmentation regions of unpolarized SIDIS
We study the helicity correlation of two $Λ$ hyperons produced in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scatterings (SIDIS), with one hyperon detected in the current fragmentation region and the other in the target fragmentation region. This observable provides direct access to the spin-dependent fragmentation function $G_{1Lq}$ and the spin-dependent fracture function $l_{1q}^L$ even in unpolarized lepton nucleon collisions. Utilizing the perturbative matching of the fracture function, we…

Spin currents in crystals with spin-orbit coupling: multi-band effects in an effective Hamiltonian formalism
K. V. Samokhin, M. Sigrist, M. H. Fischer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18363

Near-Optimal Simultaneous Estimation of Quantum State Moments
Xiao Shi, Jiyu Jiang, Xian Wu, Jingu Xie, Hongshun Yao, Xin Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24842 https://

Near-Optimal Simultaneous Estimation of Quantum State Moments
Estimating nonlinear properties such as Rényi entropies and observable-weighted moments serves as a central strategy for spectrum spectroscopy, which is fundamental to property prediction and analysis in quantum information science, statistical mechanics, and many-body physics. However, existing approaches are susceptible to noise and require significant resources, making them challenging for near-term quantum hardware. In this work, we introduce a framework for resource-efficient simultaneous…

iPTF16geu through the lens of thermonuclear explosion models
Ana Sainz de Murieta, Mark R. Magee, Tian Li, Thomas E. Collett, Joel Johansson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01160 htt…

iPTF16geu through the lens of thermonuclear explosion models
The magnification resulting from strong gravitational lensing is a powerful tool to add new constraints to the cosmic evolution of supernova progenitors by enabling the study of distant supernovae that would otherwise not be observable. iPTF16geu is the most well-observed gravitationally lensed supernova (glSN) to date. At a redshift of $z = 0.409$ and magnified by a factor of $\sim$68, extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations have been obtained. The explosion mechanism producing th…

Tracing pT-differential radial flow from blast-wave analytics to quark coalescence
Jie Wan, Chun-Zheng Wang, Yu-Gang Ma, Qi-Ye Shou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24889 https://

Tracing pT-differential radial flow from blast-wave analytics to quark coalescence
The observable $v_0(\pt)$, which quantifies event-by-event fluctuations in the differential transverse-momentum spectrum, is proposed as a direct and penetrating probe of radial flow in heavy-ion collisions. Recent measurements at the LHC exhibit a clear mass ordering for pions, kaons and protons at low \pt and a baryon-meson splitting at intermediate \pt, resembling to the well-known features of elliptic flow ($v_2$). In this letter, we first derive an analytic expression of $v_0(\pt)$ within …

Automated Cyber Defense with Generalizable Graph-based Reinforcement Learning Agents
Isaiah J. King, Benjamin Bowman, H. Howie Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16151 https://

Automated Cyber Defense with Generalizable Graph-based Reinforcement Learning Agents
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a viable strategy for automated cyber defense (ACD). The traditional RL approach represents networks as a list of computers in various states of safety or threat. Unfortunately, these models are forced to overfit to specific network topologies, rendering them ineffective when faced with even small environmental perturbations. In this work, we frame ACD as a two-player context-based partially observable Markov decision problem with observations rep…

Operator algebra of the information-disturbance tradeoff in quantum measurements
Hollis Williams, Holger F. Hofmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00064 https://

Operator algebra of the information-disturbance tradeoff in quantum measurements
Quantum measurements can be described by operators that assign conditional probabilities to different outcomes while also describing unavoidable physical changes to the system. Here, we point out that operators describing information gain at minimal disturbance can be expanded into a set of unitary operators representing experimentally distinguishable patterns of disturbance. The observable statistics of disturbance defines a tight upper bound on the information gain of the measurement.

Proper-Time Approach in Asymptotic Safety via Black Hole Quasinormal Modes and Grey-body Factors
Bekir Can L\"utf\"uo\u{g}lu, Erdin\c{c} Ula\c{s} Saka, Abubakir Shermatov, Javlon Rayimbaev, Inomjon Ibragimov, Sokhibjan Muminov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15923

Proper-Time Approach in Asymptotic Safety via Black Hole Quasinormal Modes and Grey-body Factors
We study the quasinormal mode spectrum and grey-body factors of black holes in an effectively quantum-corrected spacetime, focusing on the influence of near-horizon modifications on observable quantities. Employing scalar, electromagnetic, and Dirac test fields, we analyze the perturbation equations and extract the fundamental quasinormal frequencies using both the 6th-order WKB method with Padé resummation and time-domain integration. Our results show that quantum corrections near the horizon…

Bandits roaming Hilbert space
Josep Lumbreras
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24569 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24569

Bandits roaming Hilbert space
This thesis studies the exploration and exploitation trade-off in online learning of properties of quantum states using multi-armed bandits. Given streaming access to an unknown quantum state, in each round we select an observable from a set of actions to maximize its expectation value. Using past information, we refine actions to minimize regret; the cumulative gap between current reward and the maximum possible. We derive information-theoretic lower bounds and optimal strategies with matching…

Interferometric inference of black hole spin from photon ring size and brightness
Joseph R. Farah, Alexandru Lupsasca, Eliot Quataert, Michael D. Johnson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23628

Interferometric inference of black hole spin from photon ring size and brightness
The $n=1$ photon ring is a full image of the astrophysical source around a black hole, produced by photons that execute $n\approx1$ half-orbit around the event horizon on their way to an observer. The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a proposed extension of the Event Horizon Telescope to space that will target the $n=1$ photon rings of the supermassive black holes M87${}^\ast$ and Sgr\,A${}^\ast$. In this paper, we introduce a new interferometric observable that will be directly measurable on BHEX…

Using net quark number gain to probe the phases of QCD
V. Tomas Mari Surkau, Urko Reinosa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26178 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.26178…

Using net quark number gain to probe the phases of QCD
We discuss an observable that probes the content of a QCD medium at finite temperature and chemical potential, the net quark number gain. It is the response of the thermal bath to a static quark or antiquark probe. While insignificant at high temperatures, it reveals the bath's tendency to form meson-like or baryon-like configurations (depending on the probe and chemical potential) at low temperatures, which would screen the probe's color charge. The net quark number gain also helps explain how…

A pedestrian's approach to large deviations in semi-Markov processes with an application to entropy production
Alexander M. Maier, Jonas H. Fritz, Udo Seifert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15077

A pedestrian's approach to large deviations in semi-Markov processes with an application to entropy production
Semi-Markov processes play an important role in the effective description of partially accessible systems in stochastic thermodynamics. They occur, for instance, in coarse-graining procedures such as state lumping and when analyzing waiting times between few visible Markovian events. The finite-time measurement of any coarse-grained observable in a stochastic system depends on the specific realization of the underlying trajectory. Moreover, the fluctuations of such observables are encoded in th…

Merger-Induced Disturbance and Temporal Signatures in Galaxy Clusters: A Combined Phase Space and Photometric Analysis
Chuiyang Kong, Ian Dell'Antonio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20637

Merger-Induced Disturbance and Temporal Signatures in Galaxy Clusters: A Combined Phase Space and Photometric Analysis
We present a physically interpretable framework to quantify dynamical disturbances in galaxy clusters using projected two-dimensional phase-space information. Based on the TNG-Cluster simulation, we construct a disturbance score that captures merger-driven asymmetries through features such as velocity dispersion and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) peak fitting, which captures asymmetries indicative of dynamical disturbance. All features are derived from observable quantities and are intended to be…

An operator-Weyl-symbol approach to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Xiao Wang, Wen-ge Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24490 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

An operator-Weyl-symbol approach to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
In this letter, by an approach that employs Weyl symbols for operators, a semiclassical theory is developed for the offdiagonal function in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which is for offdiagonal elements $\langle{E_i}\left|O\right|{E_j}\rangle$ of an observable $O$ on the energy basis. It is shown analytically that the matrix of $O$ has a banded structure, possessing a bandwidth $w_b$ that scales linearly with $\hbar$, a phase-space gradient of the classical Hamiltonian, $…

MAST: Multi-Agent Spatial Transformer for Learning to Collaborate
Damian Owerko, Frederic Vatnsdal, Saurav Agarwal, Vijay Kumar, Alejandro Ribeiro
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17195

MAST: Multi-Agent Spatial Transformer for Learning to Collaborate
This article presents a novel multi-agent spatial transformer (MAST) for learning communication policies in large-scale decentralized and collaborative multi-robot systems (DC-MRS). Challenges in collaboration in DC-MRS arise from: (i) partial observable states as robots make only localized perception, (ii) limited communication range with no central server, and (iii) independent execution of actions. The robots need to optimize a common task-specific objective, which, under the restricted sett…

Phenomenology of a Kinetic Higgs Portal
Anisha, Lisa Biermann, Christoph Englert, Margarete M\"uhlleitner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00686 https://arx…

Phenomenology of a Kinetic Higgs Portal
We explore the phenomenological consequences of non-minimal hidden sector interactions on observable correlations in the Higgs sector, mediated through the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric Higgs portal. Particular attention is given to non-standard momentum dependencies of the hidden sector scalar, which arise naturally in an effective field theory (EFT) framework. We demonstrate that perturbatively reliable constraints can be derived from four-top quark production data and precision measurements of Hi…

Black Hole Polarimetry II: The Connection Between Spin and Polarization
George N. Wong, Andrew Chael, Alexandru Lupsasca, Eliot Quataert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22639 https:/…

Black Hole Polarimetry II: The Connection Between Spin and Polarization
We study synchrotron polarization in spatially resolved horizon-scale images, such as those produced by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In both general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations as well as simplified models of the black hole magnetosphere, the polarization angle, quantified by the complex observable arg(beta_2), depends strongly and systematically on the black hole spin. This relationship arises from the coupling between spin and the structure of the magnetic field…

From geometry to cosmology: a pedagogical review of inflation in curvature, torsion, and extended gravity theories
Davood Momeni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14306 https://…

From geometry to cosmology: a pedagogical review of inflation in curvature, torsion, and extended gravity theories
We present a simplified review of inflationary cosmology across various modified gravity theories. These include models based on curvature, torsion, and non-metricity. We explore how scalar fields interact with different geometric quantities and how these interactions affect inflationary dynamics. Key cosmological features such as background evolution, reheating, and observable parameters are discussed. We also examine exotic scenarios inspired by string theory, extra dimensions, and non-local …

Supervised Machine Learning for Predicting Open Quantum System Dynamics and Detecting Non-Markovian Memory Effects
Ali Abu-Nada, Subhashish Banerjee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22758

Supervised Machine Learning for Predicting Open Quantum System Dynamics and Detecting Non-Markovian Memory Effects
We present a \emph{novel} and scalable supervised machine learning framework to predict open-quantum system dynamics and detect non-Markovian memory using only local ancilla measurements. A system qubit is coherently coupled to an ancilla via a symmetric XY Hamiltonian; the ancilla interacts with a noisy environment and is the only qubit we measure. A feedforward neural network, trained on short sliding windows of supplementary data from the past, forecasts the observable system $\langle Z_{(S)…

Dark Drag Around Sagittarius A*
Javier F. Acevedo, Aidan J. Reilly, Lillian Santos-Olmsted
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01320 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0132…

Dark Drag Around Sagittarius A*
We analyze the effect of Dark Matter (DM) - Standard Model (SM) non-gravitational interactions on the orbital dynamics of celestial bodies near the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, where the DM density is generically expected to be high. We outline the conditions under which a DM-SM scattering channel gives rise to a drag force on objects in this region, and show that for sufficiently large cross-sections, this effect can lead to observable orbital decay on timescales as short as a singl…

ORN-CBF: Learning Observation-conditioned Residual Neural Control Barrier Functions via Hypernetworks
Bojan Deraji\'c, Sebastian Bernhard, Wolfgang H\"onig
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16614

ORN-CBF: Learning Observation-conditioned Residual Neural Control Barrier Functions via Hypernetworks
Control barrier functions (CBFs) have been demonstrated as an effective method for safety-critical control of autonomous systems. Although CBFs are simple to deploy, their design remains challenging, motivating the development of learning-based approaches. Yet, issues such as suboptimal safe sets, applicability in partially observable environments, and lack of rigorous safety guarantees persist. In this work, we propose observation-conditioned neural CBFs based on Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachabil…

Towards detecting the time perturbations from GWs in asynchronous gauges
Stefano Bondani, Sergio Luigi Cacciatori
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13321 https://…

Towards detecting the time perturbations from GWs in asynchronous gauges
The experimental possibility of detecting gravitational waves via their induced time perturbations is explored here, expanding from previous work. The oscillations of the time-time component in the metric are made explicit when working in asynchronous gauges: the desynchronization between a perturbed clock and a reference unperturbed clock constitutes the corresponding observable core target of a detector. To this end we explore the experimental techniques currently available for a preliminary …

3D Structure of Jet-induced Diffusion Wake
Zhong Yang, Xin-Nian Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24315 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24315

3D Structure of Jet-induced Diffusion Wake
Jet-induced diffusion wake in heavy-ion collisions has a unique 3D structure as manifested in the jet-hadron correlations in rapidity and azimuthal angle. The rapidity asymmetry observable in dijets provides a robust measurement of the diffusion wake because it essentially background-free.

A practical approach to perturbative corrections to few-body observables
Sourav Mondal, Martin Sch\"afer, Mirko Bagnarol, Nir Barnea, Udit Raha, Johannes Kirscher
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17366 …

A practical approach to perturbative corrections to few-body observables
We formulate two methods to facilitate the calculation of perturbative corrections to quantum few-body observables. Both techniques are designed for a numerical realization in combination with any tool that obtains either the entire spectrum or solely the eigenvalues of an operator corresponding to the observable of interest. We exemplify these methods in the context of the nuclear contact theory without pions (Pionless EFT) and benchmark them in the deuteron channel with available analytical, …

Toward the Analytic Bootstrap of Energy Correlators
Jianyu Gong, Andrzej Pokraka, Kai Yan, Xiaoyuan Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22782 https://arxiv.or…

Toward the Analytic Bootstrap of Energy Correlators
In this paper, we present a framework for the analytic bootstrap of three-point energy correlators, a crucial observable in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our approach combines spherical contour techniques, general physical constraints such as pole cancellations, and power correction data in the singular limits to determine its analytic expression. In contrast to previous bootstrap studies restricted to scattering amplitudes for supersymmetric theories…

Electric Dipole Moments and New Physics
Maxim Pospelov, Adam Ritz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23531 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.23531

Electric Dipole Moments and New Physics
Searches for intrinsic electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons, atoms and molecules are precision flavor-diagonal probes of new $CP$-odd physics, as motivated by the need to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. We review and summarise the effective field theory analysis of the observable EDMs in terms of a general set of $CP$-odd operators at 1~GeV, and the ensuing model-independent constraints on new physics. We also review and discuss the EDMs induced by $CP$-violation …

Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators
Mei-Sen Gao, Zhong-Bo Kang, Wanchen Li, Ding Yu Shao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15809 https://

Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators
We propose a novel probe of the nucleon's transversity distribution, $h_1^q$, using the one-point energy correlator (OPEC), an infrared-and-collinear safe jet substructure observable. We demonstrate that in transversely polarized $p^{\uparrow}p$ collisions, the OPEC exhibits a single-spin asymmetry (SSA) with a clean $\sin(ϕ_s - ϕ_n)$ angular dependence. This method probes SSA over a much wider kinematic range in the angular scale $θ_n$ compared to traditional measurements of hadron transver…

Hunting the elusive $X17$ in CE$\nu$NS at the ESS
Joakim Cederk\"all, Ya\c{s}ar Hi\c{c}y{\i}lmaz, Else Lytken, Stefano Moretti, Johan Rathsman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15128

Hunting the elusive $X17$ in CE$ν$NS at the ESS
The so-called $X17$ particle has been proposed in order to explain a very significant resonant behaviour (in both the angular separation and invariant mass) of $e^+e^-$ pairs produced during a nuclear transition of excited $^8$Be, $^4$He and $^{12}$C nuclei. Fits to the corresponding data point, as most probable explanation, to a spin-1 object, which is protophobic and has a mass of approximately 16.7 MeV, which then makes the $X17$ potentially observable in Coherent Elastic neutrino ($ν$) Nuc…