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Physical Limits of Entanglement-Based Quantum Key Distribution over Long-Distance Satellite Links
Mohammad Taghi Dabiri, Mazen Hasna, Saif Al-Kuwari, Khalid Qaraqe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20798

Physical Limits of Entanglement-Based Quantum Key Distribution over Long-Distance Satellite Links
Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, such as E91 and BBM92, offer strong information-theoretic security and are naturally suited for satellite-to-satellite QKD (SatQKD) links. However, implementing these protocols over long-distance inter-satellite free-space optical (FSO) channels poses critical physical-layer challenges that are not addressed in the existing literature. In particular, photon losses due to beam divergence, pointing errors, and background noise can sever…