Tootfinder

Off-Path TCP Exploits: PMTUD Breaks TCP Connection Isolation in IP Address Sharing Scenarios
Xuewei Feng, Zhaoxi Li, Qi Li, Ziqiang Wang, Kun Sun, Ke Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11833

Off-Path TCP Exploits: PMTUD Breaks TCP Connection Isolation in IP Address Sharing Scenarios
Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) and IP address sharing are integral aspects of modern Internet infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate the security vulnerabilities associated with PMTUD within the context of prevalent IP address sharing practices. We reveal that PMTUD is inadequately designed to handle IP address sharing, creating vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to perform off-path TCP hijacking attacks. We demonstrate that by observing the path MTU value determined by a server for …

A path towards AI-scale, interoperable biological data
Brian Aevermann, Andrea Califano, Chi-Li Chiu, Nathan Clack, William M. Clemons Jr., Jonah Cool Florence D. D'Orazi, Joseph L. DeRisi, Joshua E. Elias, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Scott E. Fraser, Carlos G. Gonzalez, Matthias Haury, Theofanis Karaletsos, Shana O. Kelley, Aly A. Khan, Alan R. Lowe, Emma Lundberg, Ryan A. McClure, Stephani Otte, Evan O. Paull, Lo\"ic A. Royer, Dana Sadgat, Sandra L. Schmid, Samantha Scovanner, Cat…

A path towards AI-scale, interoperable biological data
Biology is at the precipice of a new era where AI accelerates and amplifies the ability to study how cells operate, organize, and work as systems, revealing why disease happens and how to correct it. Organizations globally are prioritizing AI to accelerate basic research, drug discovery, personalized medicine, and synthetic biology. However, despite these opportunities, scientific data have proven a bottleneck, and progress has been slow and fragmented. Unless the scientific community takes a t…

Following the Committor Flow: A Data-Driven Discovery of Transition Pathways
Cheng Giuseppe Chen, Chenyu Tang, Alberto Meg\'ias, Radu A. Talmazan, Sergio Contreras Arredondo, Beno\^it Roux, Christophe Chipot
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21961

Following the Committor Flow: A Data-Driven Discovery of Transition Pathways
The discovery of transition pathways to unravel distinct reaction mechanisms and, in general, rare events that occur in molecular systems is still a challenge. Recent advances have focused on analyzing the transition path ensemble using the committor probability, widely regarded as the most informative one-dimensional reaction coordinate. Consistency between transition pathways and the committor function is essential for accurate mechanistic insight. In this work, we propose an iterative framew…

Convergences and Divergences: Einstein, Poincar\'e, and Special Relativity
Galina Weinstein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09361 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

Convergences and Divergences: Einstein, Poincaré, and Special Relativity
Jean-Marc Ginoux's recent book, "Poincaré, Einstein and the Discovery of Special Relativity: An End to the Controversy" (2024), seeks to close the debate over the respective roles of Poincaré and Einstein. Yet what is presented as an "end" may instead invite a more careful analysis of how similar equations can conceal divergent conceptions. The aim here is not to rehearse priority disputes but to show how Einstein's ether-free, principle-based kinematics marked out a path that, unlike its con…

Learning to Locate: GNN-Powered Vulnerability Path Discovery in Open Source Code
Nima Atashin, Behrouz Tork Ladani, Mohammadreza Sharbaf
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17888 https:/…

Learning to Locate: GNN-Powered Vulnerability Path Discovery in Open Source Code
Detecting security vulnerabilities in open-source software is a critical task that is highly regarded in the related research communities. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature for detecting vulnerable codes and identifying the classes of vulnerabilities. However, there is still room to work in explaining the root causes of detected vulnerabilities through locating vulnerable statements and the discovery of paths leading to the activation of the vulnerability. While frameworks…

The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propogating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
Shuting Lin, Siyi Feng, Patricio Sanhueza, Ke Wang, Zhi-Yu Zhang, Yichen Zhang, Fengwei Xu, Junzhi Wang, Kaho Morii, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Lile Wang, Hui Li, Daniel Tafoya, Willem Baan, Shanghuo Li, Giovanni Sabatini

The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propogating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
Outflows are key indicators of ongoing star formation. We report the discovery of an unanchored forked stream within the propagating path of an extremely young protostellar outflow in the 70 $μ$m-dark clump G34.74-0.12, based on ALMA 1.3 mm observations with an angular resolution of 1''.6 (~ 5000 au). This outflow originate from a 9.7 $M_{\odot}$ core, exhibits a fork-shaped stream structure in its red-shifted lobe, which is traced by CO (2-1), SiO (5-4), and H$_2$CO (3$_{0,3}$-2$_{0,2}$). It …

Comment on Galina Weinstein's article entitled "Convergences and Divergences: Einstein Poincar\'e and Special Relativity"
Jean-Marc Ginoux
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22726

Comment on Galina Weinstein's article entitled "Convergences and Divergences: Einstein Poincaré and Special Relativity"
In 2024, after thirty years of research on this subject, I published a book entitled: Poincaré, Einstein and the discovery of special relativity. An end to the controversy (Ginoux2024). In September 2025, Galina Weinstein published a review of this book entitled: Convergences and Divergences: Einstein Poincaré and Special Relativity (arXiv:2509.09361) in which she aimed "to show how Einstein's ether-free, principle-based kinematics marked out a path that, unlike its contemporaries, became the…