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Newtons First Law Is Not a Special Case of the Second Law
Indresh Yadav, P. M. Geethu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02246 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.02246

Newtons First Law Is Not a Special Case of the Second Law
Newtons Laws of Motion form the basis of classical mechanics, but misconceptions about their interrelationships persist in pedagogy. A prevalent misunderstanding is that Newtons First Law is a trivial consequence of the Second Law. This paper argues that the First Law serves a logically distinct foundational role that defines the context in which the Second Law is valid. This conceptual distinction is clarified through classical thought experiments and further supported by insights from relativ…

Probabilistic Proton Treatment Planning: a novel approach for optimizing underdosage and overdosage probabilities of target and organ structures
Jelte R. de Jong, Sebastiaan Breedveld, Steven J. M. Habraken, Mischa S. Hoogeman, Danny Lathouwers, Zolt\'an Perk\'o
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01763

Probabilistic Proton Treatment Planning: a novel approach for optimizing underdosage and overdosage probabilities of target and organ structures
Treatment planning uncertainties are typically managed using margin-based or robust optimization. Margin-based methods expand the clinical target volume (CTV) to a planning target volume, generally unsuited for proton therapy. Robust optimization considers worst-case scenarios, but its quality depends on the uncertainty scenario set: excluding extremes reduces robustness, while too many make plans overly conservative. Probabilistic optimization overcomes these limits by modeling a continuous sc…

Nanosatellites for the study of high-energy particles$'$ microbursts$'$ nature in the Earth$'$s magnetosphere: an idea of cosmic experiment
O. V. Dudnik, E. V. Kurbatov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22798

Nanosatellites for the study of high-energy particles$'$ microbursts$'$ nature in the Earth$'$s magnetosphere: an idea of cosmic experiment
A concept of a cosmic scientific experiment is presented. The main goal of the experiment is the study of miscrobursts of charged particles of high energy in the Earth$'$s magnetosphere. The experiment is designed to use a nanosatellite platform. The paper describes the functional scheme, structural features and technical characteristics of a miniature detector-analyser of electrons and protons, MiRA$\_$ep. Keywords: radiation belt, electron, nanosatellite, silicon detector, organic scintillato…

Some Historical Misconceptions and Inaccuracies Regarding The 1908 Tunguska Event
Andrei Ol'khovatov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05484 https://

Some Historical Misconceptions and Inaccuracies Regarding The 1908 Tunguska Event
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. A large number of hypotheses about its causes have been put forward already. However, so far none of them has received convincing evidence. This is probably why new hypotheses appear almost every year, not only in the mass-media, but also in scientific literature. At the same time, any hypothesis should not contradict the known facts about the event. Unfortunately, the authors of new hypoth…

Quasi-Vertical $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ Schottky Diodes on Sapphire Using All-LPCVD Growth and Plasma-Free Ga-Assisted Etching
Saleh Ahmed Khan, Ahmed Ibreljic, A F M Anhar Uddin Bhuiyan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06353

Quasi-Vertical $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ Schottky Diodes on Sapphire Using All-LPCVD Growth and Plasma-Free Ga-Assisted Etching
This work demonstrates quasi-vertical beta-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on c-plane sapphire using an all-LPCVD, plasma-free process integrating epitaxial growth of high-quality beta-Ga2O3 and in-situ Ga-assisted etching. A 6.3 micron-thick (-201)-oriented beta-Ga2O3 layer was grown on c-sapphire with a 6-degree miscut, comprising a 3.15 micron moderately doped (2.1e17 cm^-3) drift layer and a heavily doped (1e19 cm^-3) contact layer on a UID buffer. Mesa isolation used Ga-ass…