Tootfinder

Planetary Nebula Evolution for Single Stellar Models. The Formation of Neutral Spikes
Guillermo Garcia-Segura, Arturo Manchado, Jesus A. Toala, Martin A. Guerrero, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08721

Planetary Nebula Evolution for Single Stellar Models. The Formation of Neutral Spikes
Two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations are presented from the formation up to the late evolution of planetary nebula, for 6 different stellar models from 1 to 5 Mo. The hydrodynamical models use stellar evolution calculations as inner boundary conditions and updated values for the number of ionizing photons. Special emphasis is placed on the formation of neutral spikes, as recently observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. The results indicate that neutral spikes can be detected either at…

Evaluating Earth-Observing Satellite Sampling Effectiveness Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence
Negin Esmaeili, Paul T. Grogan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10859 https://

Evaluating Earth-Observing Satellite Sampling Effectiveness Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence
This work presents an objective, repeatable, automatic, and fast methodology for assessing the representativeness of geophysical variables sampled by Earth-observing satellites. The primary goal is to identify and mitigate potential sampling biases attributed to orbit selection during pre-Phase A mission studies. This methodology supports current incubation activities for a future Planetary Boundary Layer observing system by incorporating a sampling effectiveness measure into a broader architec…