Tootfinder

Enriched volatiles and refractories but deficient titanium on the dayside atmosphere of WASP-121b revealed by JWST/NIRISS
Stefan Pelletier, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Jared Splinter, Bj\"orn Benneke, Ryan J. MacDonald, David Lafreni\`ere, Nicolas B. Cowan, Romain Allart, Emily Rauscher, Robert C. Frazier, Michael R. Meyer, Lo\"ic Albert, Lisa Dang, Ren\'e Doyon, David Ehrenreich, Laura Flagg, Doug Johnstone, Adam B. Langeveld, Olivia Lim, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Michael …

Enriched volatiles and refractories but deficient titanium on the dayside atmosphere of WASP-121b revealed by JWST/NIRISS
With dayside temperatures elevated enough for all atmospheric constituents to be present in gas form, ultra-hot Jupiters offer a unique opportunity to probe the composition of giant planets. We aim to infer the composition and thermal structure of the dayside atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b from two NIRISS$/$SOSS secondary eclipses observed as part of a full phase curve. We extract the eclipse spectrum of WASP-121b with two independent data reduction pipelines and analyse it using…

Efficient Memristive Spiking Neural Networks Architecture with Supervised In-Situ STDP Method
Santlal Prajapati, Susmita Sur-Kolay, Soumyadeep Dutta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20998

Efficient Memristive Spiking Neural Networks Architecture with Supervised In-Situ STDP Method
Memristor-based Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with temporal spike encoding enable ultra-low-energy computation, making them ideal for battery-powered intelligent devices. This paper presents a circuit-level memristive spiking neural network (SNN) architecture trained using a proposed novel supervised in-situ learning algorithm inspired by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The proposed architecture efficiently implements lateral inhibition and the refractory period, eliminating the need…

Lattice distortions and non-sluggish diffusion in BCC refractory high entropy alloys
Jingfeng Zhang, Xiang Xu, Fritz K\"ormann, Wen Yin, Xi Zhang, Christian Gadelmeier, Uwe Glatzel, Blazej Grabowski, Runxia Li, Gang Liu, Biao Wang, Gerhard Wilde, Sergiy V. Divinski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15558…

Lattice distortions and non-sluggish diffusion in BCC refractory high entropy alloys
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have emerged as promising candidates for extreme high-temperature applications, for example, in next-generation turbines and nuclear reactors. In such applications, atomic diffusion critically governs essential properties including creep resistance and microstructural stability. The present study systematically investigates impurity diffusion of Co, Mn, and Zn in single phase (BCC solid solution) HfTiZrNbTa and HfTiZrNbV RHEAs applying the radiotracer tech…

Optimization of Low-Latency Spiking Neural Networks Utilizing Historical Dynamics of Refractory Periods
Liying Tao, Zonglin Yang, Delong Shang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02960

Optimization of Low-Latency Spiking Neural Networks Utilizing Historical Dynamics of Refractory Periods
The refractory period controls neuron spike firing rate, crucial for network stability and noise resistance. With advancements in spiking neural network (SNN) training methods, low-latency SNN applications have expanded. In low-latency SNNs, shorter simulation steps render traditional refractory mechanisms, which rely on empirical distributions or spike firing rates, less effective. However, omitting the refractory period amplifies the risk of neuron over-activation and reduces the system's rob…

Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded #protoplanetary disk: https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2512/eso2512a.pdf -> For the first time, astronomers witness the dawn of a new solar system: https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2512/

[Beat-to-beat AV nodal assessment] ECG-based beat-to-beat assessment of AV node conduction properties during AF
Mattias Karlsson, Felix Plappert, Pyotr G Platonov, Sten \"Ostenson, Mikael Wallman, Frida Sandberg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19427

[Beat-to-beat AV nodal assessment] ECG-based beat-to-beat assessment of AV node conduction properties during AF
The refractory period and conduction delay of the atrioventricular (AV) node play a crucial role in regulating the heart rate during atrial fibrillation (AF). Beat-to-beat variations in these properties are known to be induced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) but have previously not been assessable during AF. Assessing these could provide novel information for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment on an individual basis. To estimate AV nodal conduction properties with beat-to-beat…

Mineral cloud formation above magma oceans in sub-Neptune atmospheres
Elspeth K. H. Lee, Aaron Werlen, Caroline Dorn
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15097 https://

Mineral cloud formation above magma oceans in sub-Neptune atmospheres
The potential presence of a magma surface below a thick atmosphere primarily composed of hydrogen in some sub-Neptune exoplanets suggests a strong link between the interior composition and atmosphere through chemical coupling of volatile and refractory species. In this study, we aim to model the possibility for mineral cloud formation in the atmosphere of sub-Neptunes from outgassing of refractory species at the magma surface. In our specific cases, we find that mineral clouds easily form near …

Soot Planets instead of Water Worlds
Jie Li, Edwin A. Bergin, Marc M. Hirschmann, Geoffrey A. Blake, Fred J. Ciesla, Eliza M. -R. Kempton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16781 https:…

Soot Planets instead of Water Worlds
Some low-density exoplanets are thought to be water-rich worlds that formed beyond the snow line of their protoplanetary disc, possibly accreting coequal portions of rock and water. However, the compositions of bodies within the Solar System and the stability of volatile-rich solids in accretionary disks suggest that a planet rich in water should also acquire as much as 40% refractory organic carbon ("soot"). This would reduce the water mass fraction well below 50%, making the composition of th…

An Analytic Model to Determine the Interstitial-Solute Energetics and Underlying Mechanism in Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
Qianxi Zhu, Wang Gao, Qing Jiang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03163

An Analytic Model to Determine the Interstitial-Solute Energetics and Underlying Mechanism in Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
The solution and diffusion of interstitial non-metallic solutes (INSs) like H, He, O, C, N, P, and S is common in refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) and essentially controls the RHEAs properties. However, the disorder local chemical environments of RHEAs hinder the quantitative prediction of the stability and diffusivity of INSs and the understanding of the underlying mechanism. Based on the tight-binding models, we propose an analytic model for determining the stability and diffusivity of …

SiO and a super-stellar C/O ratio in the atmosphere of the giant exoplanet WASP-121b
Thomas M. Evans-Soma, David K. Sing, Joanna K. Barstow, Anjali A. A. Piette, Jake Taylor, Joshua D. Lothringer, Henrique Reggiani, Jayesh M. Goyal, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Nathan J. Mayne, Zafar Rustamkulov, Tiffany Kataria, Duncan A. Christie, Cyril Gapp, Jiayin Dong, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Soichiro Hattori, Mark S. Marley

SiO and a super-stellar C/O ratio in the atmosphere of the giant exoplanet WASP-121b
Refractory elements such as iron, magnesium, and silicon can be detected in the atmospheres of ultrahot giant planets. This provides an opportunity to quantify the amount of refractory material accreted during formation, along with volatile gases and ices. However, simultaneous detections of refractories and volatiles have proved challenging, as the most prominent spectral features of associated atoms and molecules span a broad wavelength range. Here, using a single JWST observation of the ultr…