A Divisor-Weighted Golomb Sequence: Zeta Asymptotics and Arithmetic Fluctuations
Marco Mantovanelli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03811 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.03811 https://arxiv.org/html/2610.03811
arXiv:2610.03811v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We study a divisor-weighted version of Golomb's self-description: the nondecreasing sequence $A$ in which each positive integer $m$ occurs $\sum_{d\mid m}A(d)$ times. This rule has a unique solution, and $$ A(n)\sim Cn^{\varphi-1},\quad C=\left(\frac{\varphi}{\zeta(\varphi)}\right)^{2-\varphi},\quad \varphi=\frac{1 \sqrt{5}}{2}. $$ The golden-ratio exponent of Golomb's sequence survives, while divisor weighting changes the leading constant.
We prove the asymptotic without assuming regular variation, by a contraction of upper and lower power envelopes. The argument applies to every nonnegative integer Dirichlet-convolution kernel $w$ with $w(1)=1$ and $\sum_q w(q)q^{-\varphi}<\infty$. For the divisor kernel, a quantitative version gives relative error $O_\gamma((\log n)^{-\gamma})$ for every $0<\gamma<1$.
Although the global growth is smooth, the normalized run lengths retain arithmetic fluctuations. A uniform comparison with the divisor sum $\sum_{d\mid m}d^{1-\varphi}$ transfers them to an explicit random Euler product. We prove that its law is singular continuous with full support $[1,\infty)$, determine all real Mellin moments, obtain the sharp maximal order of the fluctuations, and show that sampling sequence positions instead of block labels produces the size-biased law.
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