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Well blimey. It's true. Wikipedia sez
RMS Queen Mary 2 (QM2) is a British ocean liner. She has served as the flagship of the Cunard Line since April 2004, and as of 2025, is the only active, purpose-built ocean liner still in service.

RewardDance: Reward Scaling in Visual Generation
Jie Wu, Yu Gao, Zilyu Ye, Ming Li, Liang Li, Hanzhong Guo, Jie Liu, Zeyue Xue, Xiaoxia Hou, Wei Liu, Yan Zeng, Weilin Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08826

RewardDance: Reward Scaling in Visual Generation
Reward Models (RMs) are critical for improving generation models via Reinforcement Learning (RL), yet the RM scaling paradigm in visual generation remains largely unexplored. It primarily due to fundamental limitations in existing approaches: CLIP-based RMs suffer from architectural and input modality constraints, while prevalent Bradley-Terry losses are fundamentally misaligned with the next-token prediction mechanism of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), hindering effective scaling. More critical…

Fine Particle Percolation Dynamics in Porous Media
Dhairya R. Vyas, Richard M. Lueptow, Julio M. Ottino, Paul B. Umbanhowar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10923 https://

Fine Particle Percolation Dynamics in Porous Media
The influences of restitution coefficient, $e_n$, inter-particle friction, $μ$, and size ratio, $R$, on gravity-driven percolation of fine particles through static beds of larger particles in the free-sifting regime ($R \gtrsim 6.5$) remain largely unexplored. Here we use discrete element method simulations to study the fine particle percolation velocity, $v_p$, and velocity fluctuations, $v_{rms}$, for $7 \le R \le 50$ and a range of $e_n$ and $μ$. Increasing $e_n$ increases velocity fluctua…

Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey
Qiyuan Liu, Hao Xu, Xuhong Chen, Wei Chen, Yee Whye Teh, Ning Miao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01925

Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey
Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in enhancing the reasoning performance of LLMs. For example, they can provide training signals to finetune LLMs during reinforcement learning (RL) and help select the best answer from multiple candidates during inference. In this paper, we provide a systematic introduction to RMs, along with a comprehensive survey of their applications in LLM reasoning. We first review fundamental concepts of RMs, including their architectures, training methodologies, an…

An Improved Fit to the Density Distribution in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
Evan Scannapieco, Marcus Br\"uggen, Philipp Grete, Liubin Pan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09811

An Improved Fit to the Density Distribution in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
The density distribution of supersonic isothermal turbulence plays a critical role in many astrophysical systems. It is commonly approximated by a lognormal distribution with a variance of $σ_{s,V}^2 \approx \ln(1 + b^2 M_{\rm V}^2),$ where $s \equiv \ln ρ/ρ_0,$ $M_{\rm V}$ is the rms volume-weighted Mach number, and $b$ is a parameter that depends on the driving mechanism, which can be solenoidal (divergence-free), compressive (curl-free), or a mix of the two. However, this neglects the cor…

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #DriveTime
The Smiths:
🎵 Bigmouth Strikes Again
#TheSmiths
https://theartsmix02.bandcamp.com/track/the-smiths-bigmouth-strikes-again-the-art-mix-edit-kzp-rms
https://open.spotify.com/track/5FiA8PIvgRkakcAsvk3n5z

Demonstration of a next-generation wavefront actuator for gravitational-wave detection
Tyler Rosauer, Huy Tuong Cao, Mohak Bhattacharya, Peter Carney, Luke Johnson, Shane Levin, Cynthia Liang, Xuesi Ma, Luis Martin Gutierrez, Michael Padilla, Liu Tao, Aiden Wilkin, Aidan Brooks, Jonathan W. Richardson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08766

Demonstration of a next-generation wavefront actuator for gravitational-wave detection
In the last decade, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the European Virgo observatory have opened a new observational window on the universe. These cavity-enhanced laser interferometers sense spacetime strain, generated by distant astrophysical events such as black hole mergers, to an RMS fluctuation of a few parts in $10^{21}$ over a multi-kilometer baseline. Optical advancements in laser wavefront control are key to advancing the sensitivity of current detector…

Radiation Mediated Shock and Planar Shock Breakout in the Presence of Atomic Transition Lines
Jonathan Morag
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16996 https://arxiv…

Radiation Mediated Shock and Planar Shock Breakout in the Presence of Atomic Transition Lines
We numerically study fast Newtonian radiation mediated shocks (RMS - v/c~0.2) in two simplified problems in the context of supernova shock breakout; (1) An RMS traveling in a uniform medium, and (2) an RMS escaping a powerlaw density profile in planar geometry (ρ~x^n). Both problems were previously solved in the literature assuming a fully ionized plasma medium emitting Bremstrahllung. It was shown that at high shock velocities photons can deviate from local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and reach…

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #MorningShow
R.E.M.:
🎵 Radio Free Europe
#REM
https://theartsmix02.bandcamp.com/track/r-e-m-radio-free-europe-the-art-mix-edit-kzp-rms

Microscopic description of the proton halo in $^{12}$N
K. Y. Zhang, X. X. Lu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11038 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11038

Microscopic description of the proton halo in $^{12}$N
The year 2025 marks the 40th anniversary of the discovery of halo nuclei and the 15th anniversary of the development of the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc). In this work, we present the first DRHBc description of the proton halo phenomenon. The available experimental proton separation energies and empirical matter root-mean-square (rms) radii are reasonably well reproduced for the $N=5$ isotones, ranging from the stable nucleus $^{9}$Be to the drip-line nucl…

Self-adaptive Dataset Construction for Real-World Multimodal Safety Scenarios
Jingen Qu, Lijun Li, Bo Zhang, Yichen Yan, Jing Shao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04403 https://

Self-adaptive Dataset Construction for Real-World Multimodal Safety Scenarios
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are rapidly evolving, presenting increasingly complex safety challenges. However, current dataset construction methods, which are risk-oriented, fail to cover the growing complexity of real-world multimodal safety scenarios (RMS). And due to the lack of a unified evaluation metric, their overall effectiveness remains unproven. This paper introduces a novel image-oriented self-adaptive dataset construction method for RMS, which starts with images and end …

Breaking Down Tough Loss vs Bears | Talkin' Cowboys https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMS-Cw6NFRA

Meta forms a JV with Blue Owl to fund the $27B, 2GW Hyperion data center in Louisiana, its largest ever private capital deal; Meta will retain a ~20% equity (Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/technology/meta-forms-joint-ventu…

The full name of the RMS Titanic was the Richard Matthew Stallman Titanic

🌞 Solar farms could double bumblebee populations through wildflower management
#solar

Solar farms could double bumblebee populations through wildflower management
Solar farms could become important refuges for bumblebees in Britain, a new study reveals—though their benefits only go so far.

LongRM: Revealing and Unlocking the Context Boundary of Reward Modeling
Zecheng Tang, Baibei Ji, Quantong Qiu, Haitian Wang, Xiaobo Liang, Juntao Li, Min Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06915

LongRM: Revealing and Unlocking the Context Boundary of Reward Modeling
Reward model (RM) plays a pivotal role in aligning large language model (LLM) with human preferences. As real-world applications increasingly involve long history trajectories, e.g., LLM agent, it becomes indispensable to evaluate whether a model's responses are not only high-quality but also grounded in and consistent with the provided context. Yet, current RMs remain confined to short-context settings and primarily focus on response-level attributes (e.g., safety or helpfulness), while largel…

A 28nm 1.80Mb/mm2 Digital/Analog Hybrid SRAM-CIM Macro Using 2D-Weighted Capacitor Array for Complex Number Mac Operations
Shota Konno, Che-Kai Liu, Sigang Ryu, Samuel Spetalnick, Arijit Raychowdhury
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17562

A 28nm 1.80Mb/mm2 Digital/Analog Hybrid SRAM-CIM Macro Using 2D-Weighted Capacitor Array for Complex Number Mac Operations
A 28nm dense 6T-SRAM Digital(D)/Analog(A) Hybrid compute-in-memory (CIM) macro supporting complex num-ber MAC operation is presented. By introducing a 2D-weighted Capacitor Array, a hybrid configuration is adopted where digital CIM is applied only to the upper bits and ana-log CIM is applied to the rest, without the need for input DACs resulting in improved accuracy and lower area overhead. The CIM prototype macro achieves 1.80 Mb/mm2 memory density and 0.435% RMS error. Complex CIM unit output…

Intensified optical camera with Timepix4 readout
Erik Hogenbirk, Andrei Nomerotski, Bram Bouwens, Gabriel Diaz, Shazia Farooq, Erik Maddox, Ondrej Matousek, Peter Svihra, Henrique Zanoli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14649

Intensified optical camera with Timepix4 readout
We report the first characterization results of an optical time-stamping camera based on the Timepix4 chip coupled to a fully depleted optical silicon sensor and fast image intensifier, enabling sub-nanosecond scale, time-resolved imaging for single photons. The system achieves an RMS time resolution of 0.27 ns in direct detection mode without the intensifier and from 0.55 to 1.4 ns in the single-photon regime with intensifier for different amplitude-based signal selections. This shows that Tim…

BaseReward: A Strong Baseline for Multimodal Reward Model
Yi-Fan Zhang, Haihua Yang, Huanyu Zhang, Yang Shi, Zezhou Chen, Haochen Tian, Chaoyou Fu, Haotian Wang, Kai Wu, Bo Cui, Xu Wang, Jianfei Pan, Haotian Wang, Zhang Zhang, Liang Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16127

BaseReward: A Strong Baseline for Multimodal Reward Model
The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has made aligning them with human preferences a critical challenge. Reward Models (RMs) are a core technology for achieving this goal, but a systematic guide for building state-of-the-art Multimodal Reward Models (MRMs) is currently lacking in both academia and industry. Through exhaustive experimental analysis, this paper aims to provide a clear ``recipe'' for constructing high-performance MRMs. We systematically investigate eve…

New method for subtraction of common background fluctuation for radio camera: Chunked Principal Component Analysis method
Pranshu Mandal, Tomu Nitta, Makoto Nagai, Nario Kuno
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16155

New method for subtraction of common background fluctuation for radio camera: Chunked Principal Component Analysis method
We present a new algorithm, ChunkedPCA, to remove common background fluctuations from datasets acquired with a radio camera. ChunkedPCA is an improvement on using PCA to achieve fewer artifacts and better RMS on the cleaned dataset. The proposed algorithm determines the background fluctuation by grouping the detector pixels not used in the direct observation of the source. This group is then used to get the background fluctuation for that time and used to subtract the background from the data o…

Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. IX. A spectral-timing comparison of Cygnus X-1 and MAXI J1820 070 in the hard state
Arkadip Basak, Phil Uttley, Niek Bollemeijer, Matteo Bachetti, Arash Bahramian, Victoria Grinberg, Erin Kara, Eleonora V. Lai, Thomas J. Maccarone, Barbara De Marco, James Miller-Jones, Katja Pottschmidt, Simon A. Vaughan, J\"orn Wilms
h…

Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. IX. A spectral-timing comparison of Cygnus X-1 and MAXI J1820+070 in the hard state
Cygnus X-1 is a persistent, high-mass black hole X-ray binary (BHXRB) which in the hard state shows many similar properties to transient BHXRBs, along with intriguing differences, such as the lack of quasi-periodic oscillations. Here, we compare for the first time the detailed spectral-timing properties of Cyg X-1 with a transient BHXRB, MAXI J1820+070, combining data from XMM-Newton and NICER with contemporaneous INTEGRAL data to study the power spectra, rms spectra and time-lags over a broad …

Development and testing of integrated readout electronics for next generation SiSeRO (Single electron Sensitive Read Out) devices
Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Haley R. Stueber, Abigail Y. Pan, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, Kevan Donlon, Steven W. Allen, Marshall W. Bautz, Michael Cooper, Catherine E. Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis, Eric D. Miller, R. Glenn Morris, Gregory Prigozhin, Ilya Prigozhin, Artem Poliszczuk, Keith Warner, Daniel R. Wilkins

Development and testing of integrated readout electronics for next generation SiSeRO (Single electron Sensitive Read Out) devices
The first generation of Single electron Sensitive Read Out (SiSeRO) amplifiers, employed as on-chip charge detectors for charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have demonstrated excellent noise and spectral performance: a responsivity of around 800 pA per electron, an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 3.2 electrons root mean square (RMS), and a full width half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of 130 eV at 5.9 keV for a readout speed of 625 Kpixel/s. Repetitive Non Destructive Readout (RNDR) has also been…