Courtroom-Style Multi-Agent Debate with Progressive RAG and Role-Switching for Controversial Claim Verification
Masnun Nuha Chowdhury, Nusrat Jahan Beg, Umme Hunny Khan, Syed Rifat Raiyan, Md Kamrul Hasan, Hasan Mahmud
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28488 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.28488 https://arxiv.org/html/2603.28488
arXiv:2603.28488v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable for high-stakes claim verification due to hallucinations and shallow reasoning. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and multi-agent debate (MAD) address this, they are limited by one-pass retrieval and unstructured debate dynamics. We propose a courtroom-style multi-agent framework, PROClaim, that reformulates verification as a structured, adversarial deliberation. Our approach integrates specialized roles (e.g., Plaintiff, Defense, Judge) with Progressive RAG (P-RAG) to dynamically expand and refine the evidence pool during the debate. Furthermore, we employ evidence negotiation, self-reflection, and heterogeneous multi-judge aggregation to enforce calibration, robustness, and diversity. In zero-shot evaluations on the Check-COVID benchmark, PROClaim achieves 81.7% accuracy, outperforming standard multi-agent debate by 10.0 percentage points, with P-RAG driving the primary performance gains ( 7.5 pp). We ultimately demonstrate that structural deliberation and model heterogeneity effectively mitigate systematic biases, providing a robust foundation for reliable claim verification. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/mnc13/PROClaim.
toXiv_bot_toot
Say what you will about Steve Jobs, who was •not• a super nice person to work for and a bad role model for management in many many ways, but he did have one superpower that I really miss right now:
He had a stubborn willingness to •not• release things if they just did’t feel right. If it feels wrong, it doesn’t go out the door. With a few notable exceptions (MobileMe!), no deadline mattered as much as that.
Two-dimensional IR-Raman spectroscopy of vibrational polaritons: Role of dipole surfaces
Xinwei Ji, Tomislav Begusic, Tao E. Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24521 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.24521 https://arxiv.org/html/2603.24521
arXiv:2603.24521v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Nonlinear spectroscopy provides a unique perspective to understand time-resolved molecular dynamics under vibrational strong coupling (VSC). Herein, equilibrium-nonequilibrium cavity molecular dynamics simulations are performed to compute the two-dimensional (2D) infrared-infrared-Raman (IIR) spectroscopy of liquid water under VSC. In conventional computational chemistry practices, accurate molecular spectra are often constructed by using an advanced molecular dipole or polarizability model to post-process molecular dynamics trajectories evolved under a computationally efficient potential. By contrast, this work highlights the necessity of employing a consistent dipole surface model in both CavMD simulations and spectroscopic post-processing. While utilizing inconsistent dipole models only mildly influences the linear polariton spectrum, it severely distorts 2D spectra in wide frequency regions. With a consistent dipole-induced-dipole model, compared to the outside-cavity molecular 2D-IIR spectrum, the cavity 2D-IIR spectrum splits the OH stretch band to a pair of polariton branches along only the IR (not Raman) axis, while fading molecular signals at other frequency regions. This work provides the foundation for employing direct CavMD simulations to construct 2D spectra of realistic molecules under VSC.
toXiv_bot_toot
A discrete Boltzmann model with state-dependent power-law relaxation time for nonequilibrium transport in compressible flows
Demei Li, Zhongyi He, Huilin Lai, Yanbiao Gan, Hailong Liu, Pengfei Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18216 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.18216 https://arxiv.org/html/2605.18216
arXiv:2605.18216v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects play a central role in momentum and energy transport in compressible flows. In conventional BGK kinetic models, the relaxation time $\tau$ is taken as a constant, which neglects the dependence of the relaxation process on local macroscopic states. To overcome this limitation, we develop a discrete Boltzmann model with a density- and temperature-dependent power-law relaxation time, termed DTRT-DBM, in which $\tau=\tau_0(\rho/\rho_0)^a(T/T_0)^b$. This formulation extends the discrete Boltzmann framework to flows with spatially varying nonequilibrium intensity. The model is validated by the Sod shock tube and by analytical solutions for viscous stress and heat flux, demonstrating accurate recovery of both macroscopic wave structures and nonequilibrium quantities across shock waves, rarefaction waves, and contact discontinuities. On this basis, phase diagrams of viscous stress and heat flux are constructed to examine how these quantities depend on the power-law exponents $a$ and $b$. The extrema of these quantities depend exponentially on the model parameters and exhibit regime-dependent behaviour. The roles of $a$ and $b$ are not symmetric: the nonequilibrium response is more sensitive to $a$ when density gradients dominate, but more sensitive to $b$ when temperature gradients dominate. Within the parameter range and flow configurations examined here, higher-order viscous stress increases the growth rate of the total viscous-stress extremum, whereas higher-order heat flux reduces the growth rate of the total heat-flux extremum. These results show that the proposed model can capture different higher-order nonequilibrium responses in compressible flows and provides a framework for the modelling and analysis of multiscale nonequilibrium processes.
toXiv_bot_toot
In its report, the Yale panel extolled the aims of higher education,
🔥but was unsparing in suggesting how schools, including Yale, had harmed public views of it.
⭐️For example, Yale and many other schools now rely on a model that regularly dilutes high tuition prices with generous aid packages.
💥Although many students pay nowhere near sticker prices, the committee wrote that the approach had exacted “a disastrous impact on public trust.”
“By its nature, the system is …
Modeling the mutational dynamics of very short tandem repeats
Amos Onn (Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig), Tzipy Marx (Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science), Liming Tao (Cellular Tissue Genomics, Genentech), Tamir Biezuner (Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science), Ehud Shapiro (Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science), Christoph A. Klein (Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Regensburg), Peter F. Stadler (Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Santa Fe Institute)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25628 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.25628 https://arxiv.org/html/2603.25628
arXiv:2603.25628v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are low-entropy regions in the genome, consisting of a short (1-6 bp) unit that is consecutively repeated multiple times. They are known for high mutational instability, due to so-called stutter-mutations, in which the number of units in the run increases or descreases. In particular, STRs with repeat unit length of 1-2 bp are prone to mutate even within several cell divisions. The extremely rapid accumulation of variation makes them interesting phylogenetic markers for retrospective single-cell lineage reconstruction. Here we model their mutational dynamics at the level of individual repeat unit type and then aggregate length variations over many STR loci with the aim of obtaining a very fast ``molecular clock''. We calibrate our model based on several datasets with known lineage structure prepared from cultured cells. We find that the mutational dynamics of STRs are reasonably consistent for a given cell line, but vary among different ones. This suggests that the dynamics are not entirely explained by mutations in caretaker genes, rather, various other factors play a role -- possibly tissue origin and differentiation state. Further data and research is necessary to asses their relative effects.
toXiv_bot_toot
🔐 Role-based permissions with Owner, Admin & Member roles - granular control over team name updates, member management & invitation handling
✉️ Built-in email invitation flow with accept links, automatic login redirect & configurable expiration (default 7 days)
⚙️ Fully customizable: publish config to override role/permission enums, model classes & invitation settings - bring your own enum classes
Happy 104th birthday 🎂 to my late mom 👵🏼, who was not born on Friday the 13th😱 but was born a bit under a cloud 🌧️. She suffered extreme poverty 💸 during the depression 📉, had way more kids 🧑🏽🦱👱🏼♂️👩🏼🦰 👶🏼 than she planned for (sorry, mom), never got that PhD 📜, or the chocolate brown Mercedes 280SL.
I’m not sure she loved my dad, or her kids, or herself. I should have asked! But she lived a long life and was, for me and a lot of others, a feminist, activist, progressive role model. …
A sustainable photocatalytic pathway for concurrent hydrogen and value-added chemical production utilizing microalgae as bio-scavenger in water
Ho Truong Nam Hai, Augusto Ducati Luchessi, Kaveh Edalati
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24924 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.24924 https://arxiv.org/html/2603.24924
arXiv:2603.24924v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Microalgae are an abundant bioorganic material source and play a significant role in life on Earth by conducting photosynthesis for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and its conversion to oxygen (O2). In this study, a combination of microalgae as a negative-CO2-emitting sacrificial agent with the traditional photocatalytic water-splitting process using brookite TiO2, as a model photocatalyst, is introduced as a new strategy to maximize green hydrogen (H2) production while converting microalgae to valuable products, like methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The process, under optimal conditions, produces up to 0.990 mmol/g.h of H2 without cocatalyst addition and 3.200 mmol/g.h with platinum (Pt) cocatalyst, which is 13 times higher than the production rate without microalgae. The strategy of using microalgae in photocatalysis has high potential in green H2 production, as it not only eliminates valuable hole sacrificial agents, like alcohol, but also produces other useful compounds, like CH4 and CO. Moreover, this sustainable process contributes to CO2 capture and conversion during microalgae cultivation.
toXiv_bot_toot
An analytical model of Disequilibrium and decentralized productive Exploration
Nazaria Solferino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00718 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.00718 https://arxiv.org/html/2604.00718
arXiv:2604.00718v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper studies the economic role of persistent dispersion in allocations across agents. We develop a tractable model in which firms allocate resources under imperfect information and behavioral updating, generating sustained heterogeneity in beliefs and actions. While dispersion induces static misallocation, it also fosters decentralized experimentation, allowing the economy to explore a broader set of productive opportunities. We show that the economy converges to a stationary equilibrium with strictly positive dispersion and that, under plausible conditions, such disequilibrium can dominate the perfectly coordinated benchmark. The model provides a novel interpretation of observed dispersion in productivity and returns as reflecting both inefficiency and productive exploration. It also yields testable predictions linking dispersion to growth and innovation dynamics.
toXiv_bot_toot
A repeated trap in #cinema is where the director sets out to make a film to expose a villain, but the public embraces them as the hero they had been waiting for. Case in point: Wolf of Wall Street, but even James Bond too, not the films but the books, we were supposed to despise him.
And here today, we have world leaders turning to another fictional role-model:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3D8TEJtQRhw
@arXiv_csCL_bot@mastoxiv.page
