Tootfinder

General measures of effect size to calculate power and sample size for Wald tests with generalized linear models
Amy L Cochran, Shijie Yuan, Paul J Rathouz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22324

General measures of effect size to calculate power and sample size for Wald tests with generalized linear models
Power and sample size calculations for Wald tests in generalized linear models (GLMs) are often limited to specific cases like logistic regression. More general methods typically require detailed study parameters that are difficult to obtain during planning. We introduce two new effect size measures for estimating power, sample size, or the minimally detectable effect size in studies using Wald tests across any GLM. These measures accommodate any number of predictors or adjusters and require on…

Share of news influencers on Bluesky has doubled after the 2024 US election to 43%, but X remains popular, with 82% of news influencers maintaining an account (Pew Research Center)
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/20

Bluesky has caught on with many news influencers, but X remains popular
The share of news influencers in our sample with a Bluesky account roughly doubled in the four months after Election Day 2024, from 21% beforehand to 43% by March.

I need to remember to turn off the issues feature for sample GitHub repositories

The morning display of the #NoctilucentClouds on 30 June 2025 over Bochum, Germany, was impressive - and rich in all kinds of wave phenomena! Here is a small sample - see https://www.facebook.com/groups/nlcaroundtheworld/posts/1704146383554293/ for more and https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=dan.fischer.393&set=a.10230510209273908 for the full series of the night.

Share of news influencers on Bluesky has doubled after the 2024 US election to 43%, but X remains popular, with 82% of news influencers maintaining an account (Pew Research Center)
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/20

Bluesky has caught on with many news influencers, but X remains popular
The share of news influencers in our sample with a Bluesky account roughly doubled in the four months after Election Day 2024, from 21% beforehand to 43% by March.

Excite Audio and KSHMR team up for South Asian-inspired software instrument based on authentic recordings https://www.musicradar.com/music-tech/exci…

Excite Audio and KSHMR team up for South Asian-inspired software instrument based on authentic recordings
"This came out a desire to create the ultimate Indian sample library, using the most talented musicians that I've met over the years"

Infrared Variability of Carbon Stars in the LMC Observed with NEOWISE-R
Kyung-Won Suh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22100 https://arxiv.…

Infrared Variability of Carbon Stars in the LMC Observed with NEOWISE-R
We investigate the infrared variability of carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Our sample consists of 11,134 carbon stars identified in both visual and infrared bands. Among these, 1,184 objects are known Mira variables based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment III (OGLE-III) observations. We study the infrared variability of the entire sample using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometric data spanning the past 16 years, including the AllWISE multiep…

AGN with massive black holes have closer galactic neighbors: k-Nearest-Neighbor statistics of an unbiased sample of AGN at z~0.03
A. Mhatre, M. C. Powell, S. Yuan, S. W. Allen, T. Caglar, M. Koss, I. del Moral-Castro, K. Oh, A. Peca, C. Ricci, F. Ricci, A. Rojas, M. Signorini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21705

AGN with massive black holes have closer galactic neighbors: k-Nearest-Neighbor statistics of an unbiased sample of AGN at z~0.03
The large-scale environments of active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveal important information on the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Previous AGN clustering measurements using 2-point correlation functions have hinted that AGN with massive black holes preferentially reside in denser cosmic regions than AGN with less-massive SMBHs. At the same time, little to no dependence on the accretion rate is found. However, the significance of such trends have been limited. Here we pr…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05386 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@a…

Ballistic-to-diffusive transition in engineered counter-propagating quantum Hall channels
Exotic quantum Hall systems hosting counter-propagating edge states can show seemingly non-universal transport regimes, usually depending on the size of the sample. We experimentally probe transport in a quantum Hall sample engineered to host a tunable number of counter-propagating edge states. The latter are coupled by Landauer reservoirs, which force charge equilibration over a tunable effective length. We show that charge transport is determined by the balance of up- and downstream channels,…

Thompson Sampling in Function Spaces via Neural Operators
Rafael Oliveira, Xuesong Wang, Kian Ming A. Chai, Edwin V. Bonilla
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21894

Thompson Sampling in Function Spaces via Neural Operators
We propose an extension of Thompson sampling to optimization problems over function spaces where the objective is a known functional of an unknown operator's output. We assume that functional evaluations are inexpensive, while queries to the operator (such as running a high-fidelity simulator) are costly. Our algorithm employs a sample-then-optimize approach using neural operator surrogates. This strategy avoids explicit uncertainty quantification by treating trained neural operators as approxi…

Can Large Language Models Trigger a Paradigm Shift in Travel Behavior Modeling? Experiences with Modeling Travel Satisfaction
Pengfei Xu, Donggen Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23262

Can Large Language Models Trigger a Paradigm Shift in Travel Behavior Modeling? Experiences with Modeling Travel Satisfaction
As a specific domain of subjective well-being, travel satisfaction has attracted much research attention recently. Previous studies primarily use statistical models and, more recently, machine learning models to explore the determinants of travel satisfaction. Both approaches require data from sufficient sample sizes and correct prior statistical assumptions. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a new modeling approach that can overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods. …

Spins of SMBHs in distant low luminosity AGNs
M. Yu. Piotrovich, S. D. Buliga, T. M. Natsvlishvili
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22207 https://

Spins of SMBHs in distant low luminosity AGNs
We estimated radiative efficiency, spin and SMBH mass values for sample of 33 distant low luminosity AGNs. The distribution of the estimated spin values (majority of objects have a spin greater than 0.8) is fairly typical for many types of AGNs. The dependence of the estimated spin values on the estimated SMBH masses shows strong correlation between them, which suggests a rapid increase in spin with mass, i.e. that the main mechanism of mass growth in this case is disk accretion. We did not fin…

Maximal Matching Matters: Preventing Representation Collapse for Robust Cross-Modal Retrieval
Hani Alomari, Anushka Sivakumar, Andrew Zhang, Chris Thomas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21538

Maximal Matching Matters: Preventing Representation Collapse for Robust Cross-Modal Retrieval
Cross-modal image-text retrieval is challenging because of the diverse possible associations between content from different modalities. Traditional methods learn a single-vector embedding to represent semantics of each sample, but struggle to capture nuanced and diverse relationships that can exist across modalities. Set-based approaches, which represent each sample with multiple embeddings, offer a promising alternative, as they can capture richer and more diverse relationships. In this paper,…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10631 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Spatially Resolved Kinematics of SLACS Lens Galaxies. I: Data and Kinematic Classification
We obtain spatially resolved kinematics with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) integral-field spectrograph for a sample of 14 massive (11 < log$_{10}$ M$_*$/M$_{\odot}$ < 12) lensing early-type galaxies at z~0.15-0.35 from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. We integrate kinematic maps within the effective radius and examine rotational and dispersion velocities, showing that 11/14 are slow rotators. The dataset is unprecedented for galaxy-scale strong lenses in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (S/…

Online design of experiments by active learning for nonlinear system identification
Kui Xie, Alberto Bemporad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21754 https://

Online design of experiments by active learning for nonlinear system identification
We investigate the use of active-learning (AL) strategies to generate the input excitation signal at runtime for system identification of linear and nonlinear autoregressive and state-space models. We adapt various existing AL approaches for static model regression to the dynamic context, coupling them with a Kalman filter to update the model parameters recursively, and also cope with the presence of input and output constraints. We show the increased sample efficiency of the proposed approache…

Evaluating financial tail risk forecasts: Testing Equal Predictive Ability
Lukas Bauer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23333 https://arxiv…

Evaluating financial tail risk forecasts: Testing Equal Predictive Ability
This paper provides comprehensive simulation results on the finite sample properties of the Diebold-Mariano (DM) test by Diebold and Mariano (1995) and the model confidence set (MCS) testing procedure by Hansen et al. (2011) applied to the asymmetric loss functions specific to financial tail risk forecasts, such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). We focus on statistical loss functions that are strictly consistent in the sense of Gneiting (2011a). We find that the tests show lit…

Large deviations for Generalized Polya Urns with non-binary increments
Simone Franchini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22234 https://arxi…

Large deviations for Generalized Polya Urns with non-binary increments
In this paper we show how to extend the Sample-Path Large Deviation Principle for the urn model of Hill, Lane and Sudderth to the case in which the increment of the urn is not a binary variable. In particular, we sketch how to modify the Theorem 1 given in [Stochastic Processes and their Applications 127 (2017) 3372-3411] to include also urn processes with increments taking more than two values.

REBELS-MOSFIRE: Weak CIII] Emission is Typical Among Extremely UV-bright, Massive Galaxies at $z\sim7$
Ryan Endsley, Alice E. Shapley, Michael W. Topping, Daniel P. Stark, Rychard J. Bouwens, Lucie E. Rowland, Laura Sommovigo, Hiddo S. B. Algera, Manuel Aravena, Rebecca A. A. Bowler, Elisabete da Cunha, Ilse de Looze, Andrea Ferrara, Rebecca Fisher, Valentino Gonz\'alez, Hanae Inami, Themiya Nanayakkara, Sander Schouws, Mengtao Tang

REBELS-MOSFIRE: Weak CIII] Emission is Typical Among Extremely UV-bright, Massive Galaxies at $z\sim7$
We present Keck/MOSFIRE H-band spectroscopic measurements covering the [CIII]1907, CIII]1909 doublet for a sample of 8 z~7 spectroscopically-confirmed star-forming galaxies drawn from the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS). This sample is notable for its bright median UV luminosity (Muv=-22.5 AB) and large median stellar mass (log(Mstar/Msun)=9.2). Although three sources show tentative evidence of a CIII] detection, we obtain no confident detections for any of the 8 REBELS so…

Detecting Atmospheric CO2 Trends as Population-Level Signatures for Long-Term Stable Water Oceans and Biotic Activity on Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets
Janina Hansen, Daniel Angerhausen, Sascha P. Quanz, Derek Vance, Bj\"orn S. Konrad, Emily O. Garvin, Eleonora Alei, Jens Kammerer, Felix A. Dannert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2…

Detecting Atmospheric CO2 Trends as Population-Level Signatures for Long-Term Stable Water Oceans and Biotic Activity on Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets
Identifying key observables is essential for enhancing our knowledge of exoplanet habitability and biospheres, as well as improving future mission capabilities. While currently challenging, future observatories such as the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) will enable atmospheric observations of a diverse sample of temperate terrestrial worlds. Using thermal emission spectra that represent conventional predictions of atmospheric CO2 variability across the Habitable Zone (HZ), we assess…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03399 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_hepe…

Study of $D_{s1}(2460)^{+}\to D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$ in $B\to {\bar{D}}^{(*)}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$ decays
An amplitude analysis of the $D_{s1}(2460)^+\to D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$ transition is performed simultaneously in $B^{0}\to D^{-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$, $B^{+}\to{\bar{D}}^{0} D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$, and $B^{0}\to D^{*-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$ decays. The study is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7,8,$ and $13\,$TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\,\rm{fb}^{-1}$. A clear double-peak str…

Theory of chiral-phonon-activated spin Seebeck effect
Naoki Nishimura, Takumi Funato, Mamoru Matsuo, Takeo Kato
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23083 https://…

Theory of chiral-phonon-activated spin Seebeck effect
We theoretically explore the generation of spin current driven by a temperature gradient in a junction between a chiral insulator and a normal metal. Based on the gyromagnetic effect caused by microscopic rotation due to phonons, we derive a formula for a spin current when a finite temperature difference is imposed at two ends of the sample. We clarify how the spin current depends on the sample geometry, the thermal conductivity, the heat conductance at the interface, and the average temperatur…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22371 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_sta…

Adaptive tail index estimation: minimal assumptions and non-asymptotic guarantees
A notoriously difficult challenge in extreme value theory is the choice of the number $k\ll n$, where $n$ is the total sample size, of extreme data points to consider for inference of tail quantities. Existing theoretical guarantees for adaptive methods typically require second-order assumptions or von Mises assumptions that are difficult to verify and often come with tuning parameters that are challenging to calibrate. This paper revisits the problem of adaptive selection of $k$ for the Hill…

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths
Lasse Leskel\"a, Maximilien Dreveton
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20325

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths
Markov chains are fundamental models for stochastic dynamics, with applications in a wide range of areas such as population dynamics, queueing systems, reinforcement learning, and Monte Carlo methods. Estimating the transition matrix and stationary distribution from observed sample paths is a core statistical challenge, particularly when multiple independent trajectories are available. While classical theory typically assumes identical chains with known stationary distributions, real-world data…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22598 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arX…

On the performance of machine-learning assisted Monte Carlo in sampling from simple statistical physics models
Recent years have seen a rise in the application of machine learning techniques to aid the simulation of hard-to-sample systems that cannot be studied using traditional methods. Despite the introduction of many different architectures and procedures, a wide theoretical understanding is still lacking, with the risk of suboptimal implementations. As a first step to address this gap, we provide here a complete analytic study of the widely-used Sequential Tempering procedure applied to a shallow MA…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07612 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of quasars at $z>6.5$: public data release and composite spectrum
We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations for a sample of $45$ quasars at $6.50 < z \leq 7.64$ with absolute magnitudes at $1450$ Å in the range $-28.82 \leq M_{1450} \leq -24.13$ and their composite spectrum. The median redshift and $M_{1450}$ of the quasars in the sample are $z_{\rm{median}}=6.71$ and $M_{1450,\rm{median}} \simeq -26.1$, respectively. The NIR spectra are taken with echelle spectrographs, complemented with additional data from optical long slit ins…

Ooh, nice one.

Comprehensive Variability Analysis of Blazars Using Fermi Light Curves Across Multiple Timescales
Zahir Shah, Athar A. Dar, Sikandar Akbar, Anjum Peer, Zahoor Malik, Aaqib Manzoor, Sajad Ahanger, Javaid Tantry, Zeeshan Nazir, Debanjan Bose, Mushtaq Magray
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23645…

Comprehensive Variability Analysis of Blazars Using Fermi Light Curves Across Multiple Timescales
In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of long-term Fermi-LAT γ-ray data for a sample of blazars, including FSRQs, BL\,Lacs, and BCUs, to investigate their $γ$-ray variability. We focused on light curves binned in 3-, 7-, and 30-day intervals to assess the impact of binning, using data with TS >4 as a detection threshold. We calculated fractional variability ($F_{\rm var}$) for each category and found that FSRQs exhibit higher mean variability compared to BL\,Lacs and BCUs, with BC…

Thirty-Three New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble
Ellyn K. Baines, James H. Clark III, Henrique R. Schmitt, Jordan M. Stone, Kaspar von Braun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23514

Thirty-Three New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble
We present new angular diameter measurements for 33 stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer, reaching uncertainties on the limb-darkened diameter of 2% or less for 21 targets. We also determined the physical radius, bolometric flux, luminosity, and effective temperature for each star. Our sample is a mix of giant, subgiant, and dwarf stars, and span spectral classes from mid-A to to mid-K. We combined these 33 stars with samples from previous publications to analyze how the NPOI di…

The Sample Complexity of Distributed Simple Binary Hypothesis Testing under Information Constraints
Hadi Kazemi, Ankit Pensia, Varun Jog
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13686

The Sample Complexity of Distributed Simple Binary Hypothesis Testing under Information Constraints
This paper resolves two open problems from a recent paper, arXiv:2403.16981, concerning the sample complexity of distributed simple binary hypothesis testing under information constraints. The first open problem asks whether interaction reduces the sample complexity of distributed simple binary hypothesis testing. In this paper, we show that sequential interaction does not help. The second problem suggests tightening existing sample complexity bounds for communication-constrained simple binary …

Lensing Without Borders: Measurements of galaxy-galaxy lensing and projected galaxy clustering in DESI DR1
S. Heydenreich, A. Leauthaud, C. Blake, Z. Sun, J. U. Lange, T. Zhang, M. DeMartino, A. J. Ross, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, D. Bianchi, D. Brooks, F. J. Castander, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, J. DeRose, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Dey, P. Doel, N. Emas, S. Ferraro, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. Garcia-Quintero, E. Gazta\~naga, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, G. Gutierrez, B. Had…

Lensing Without Borders: Measurements of galaxy-galaxy lensing and projected galaxy clustering in DESI DR1
We present Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing measurements obtained by cross-correlating spectroscopically observed galaxies from the first data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) with source galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey, the Kilo-Degree Survey, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Dark Energy Survey. Specifically, we measure the excess surface mass density $ΔΣ$ and tangential shear $γ_\mathrm{t}$ for the Bright Galaxy Sample and Luminous Red Galaxi…

Wild Bootstrap Inference for Linear Regressions with Many Covariates
Wenze Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20972 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Wild Bootstrap Inference for Linear Regressions with Many Covariates
We propose a simple modification to the wild bootstrap procedure and establish its asymptotic validity for linear regression models with many covariates and heteroskedastic errors. Monte Carlo simulations show that the modified wild bootstrap has excellent finite sample performance compared with alternative methods that are based on standard normal critical values, especially when the sample size is small and/or the number of controls is of the same order of magnitude as the sample size.

Random Field Representations of Kernel Distances
Ian Langmore
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23141 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.23141

Random Field Representations of Kernel Distances
Positive semi-definite kernels are used to induce pseudo-metrics, or ``distances'', between measures. We write these as an expected quadratic variation of, or expected inner product between, a random field and the difference of measures. This alternate viewpoint offers important intuition and interesting connections to existing forms. Metric distances leading to convenient finite sample estimates are shown to be induced by fields with dense support, stationary increments, and scale invariance. …

When Life Gives You Samples: The Benefits of Scaling up Inference Compute for Multilingual LLMs
Ammar Khairi, Daniel D'souza, Ye Shen, Julia Kreutzer, Sara Hooker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20544

When Life Gives You Samples: The Benefits of Scaling up Inference Compute for Multilingual LLMs
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shifted focus toward scaling inference-time compute, improving performance without retraining the model. A common approach is to sample multiple outputs in parallel, and select one of these as the final output. However, work to date has focused on English and a handful of domains such as math and code. In contrast, we are most interested in techniques that generalize across open-ended tasks, formally verifiable tasks, and across languages…

Solvated electrons in polar liquids as epsilon-near-zero materials tunable in the terahertz frequency range
Matthias Runge, Michael Woerner, Denys I. Bondar, Thomas Elsaesser
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22198

Solvated electrons in polar liquids as epsilon-near-zero materials tunable in the terahertz frequency range
Electrons in polar liquids give rise to a polaron resonance at a terahertz (THz) frequency ν_0 depending on electron concentration. The impact of this resonance on light propagation is studied in experiments, where a femtosecond pump pulse generates electrons via multiphoton ionization and a THz probe pulse propagated through the excited sample is detected in a phase-resolved way. We observe a behavior characteristic for epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials with strongly modified phase and group …

Multimodal Behaviour Trees for Robotic Laboratory Task Automation
Hatem Fakhruldeen, Arvind Raveendran Nambiar, Satheeshkumar Veeramani, Bonilkumar Vijaykumar Tailor, Hadi Beyzaee Juneghani, Gabriella Pizzuto, Andrew Ian Cooper
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20399

Multimodal Behaviour Trees for Robotic Laboratory Task Automation
Laboratory robotics offer the capability to conduct experiments with a high degree of precision and reproducibility, with the potential to transform scientific research. Trivial and repeatable tasks; e.g., sample transportation for analysis and vial capping are well-suited for robots; if done successfully and reliably, chemists could contribute their efforts towards more critical research activities. Currently, robots can perform these tasks faster than chemists, but how reliable are they? Impr…

"Dr. Dobb’s would cover every month some programming topic with an excellent series of monographs and a wide array of sample code, interviews, and even excellent humor. In the latter case, an honorary mention goes to Verity Stob, because of their uncanny description of the daily life of a software developer in the Microsoft galaxy of the late 1990s. Those who witnessed the good old days of `On Error Resume Next` are now nodding their heads in despair. I hear you."

Revisiting the Li abundances of Stars with and without Detected Planets from the High Resolution Spectroscopy
Jinxiao Qin, Hong-Liang Yan, Wenyuan Cui, Jian-Rong Shi, Subo Dong, Shuai Liu, Zeming Zhou, Miao Tian, Zhenyan Huo, Xiangsong Fang, Jinghua Zhang, Chunqian Li, Mingyi Ding, Song Wang, Henggeng Han
https://arxiv.org/abs/2…

Revisiting the Li abundances of Stars with and without Detected Planets from the High Resolution Spectroscopy
Whether the presence of planets affects the lithium (Li) abundance of their host stars is still an open question. To investigate the difference of the Li abundance between planet-host stars (HS) and isolated stars (IS) with no detected planets, we analyze a large sample of stars with temperatures ranging from 4600 to 6600 K and metallicity ranging from -0.55 to +0.50. The sample consists of 279 HS whose spectra were taken from the California-Kepler Survey (CKS), which followed up planets detect…

Exploring Year-timescale Gamma-ray Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Blazars: Evidence for Supermassive Binary Black Holes Scenario
Ajay Sharma, Sakshi Chaudhary, Aishwarya Sarath, Debanjan Bose
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23697

Exploring Year-timescale Gamma-ray Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Blazars: Evidence for Supermassive Binary Black Holes Scenario
A comprehensive analysis of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the gamma-ray emissions of blazars. Utilizing 15 years of Fermi-LAT observations of seven blazars in our sample, we identify both long-term and transient quasi-periodic oscillations in the gamma-ray light curves, with timescales ranging from a few months to years. These periodicities were detected using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and REDFIT techniques. To robustly evaluate the statistical significance of the quasi-periodic sign…

Quantitative structure determination from experimental four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy via the scattering matrix
Emmanuel W. C. Terzoudis-Lumsden, Alireza Sadri, Matthew Weyland, Laure Bourgeois, Stephanie M. Ribet, Georgios Varnavides, Colin Ophus, Timothy C. Petersen, Scott D. Findlay
https://arxiv.o…

Quantitative structure determination from experimental four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy via the scattering matrix
Considerable inroads have recently been made on algorithms to determine the sample potential from four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy data from thick samples where multiple scattering cannot be neglected. This paper further develops the scattering matrix approach to such structure determination. Through simulation, we demonstrate how this approach can be modified to better handle partial spatial coherence, unknown probe defocus, and information from the dark field region.…

How AI is reshaping the perfume industry, as fragrance tech startup Osmo promises 48-hour sample turnarounds and incumbents like DSM-Firmenich embrace the tech (Arabelle Sicardi/The Verge)
https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/691050/perfume-ai

How AI infiltrated perfume
Some say it’s innovation. Others call it erasure.

Refining music sample identification with a self-supervised graph neural network
Aditya Bhattacharjee, Ivan Meresman Higgs, Mark Sandler, Emmanouil Benetos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14684

Refining music sample identification with a self-supervised graph neural network
Automatic sample identification (ASID), the detection and identification of portions of audio recordings that have been reused in new musical works, is an essential but challenging task in the field of audio query-based retrieval. While a related task, audio fingerprinting, has made significant progress in accurately retrieving musical content under "real world" (noisy, reverberant) conditions, ASID systems struggle to identify samples that have undergone musical modifications. Thus, a system r…

Distributed Quantum Inner Product Estimation with Low-Depth Circuits
Congcong Zheng, Kun Wang, Xutao Yu, Ping Xu, Zaichen Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19574

Distributed Quantum Inner Product Estimation with Low-Depth Circuits
Distributed inner product estimation (DIPE) is a fundamental task in quantum information, aiming to estimate the inner product between two unknown quantum states prepared on distributed quantum platforms. Existing rigorous sample complexity analyses are limited to unitary $4$-designs, which present practical challenges for near-term quantum devices. This work addresses this challenge by exploring DIPE with low-depth quantum circuits. We first establish that DIPE with an arbitrary unitary $2$-de…

Developing Artificial Mechanics Intuitions from Extremely Small Data
Jingruo Peng, Shuze Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20148 https://

Developing Artificial Mechanics Intuitions from Extremely Small Data
Humans can possess good mechanics intuitions by learning from a few examples, which leads to the question of how to develop artificial mechanics intuitions that can be learned from small data, as we are eagerly entering the era of artificial intelligence. We propose in this Letter the sample-switchable training method, which successfully develops highly-accurate artificial mechanics intuitions that can master brachistochrone problem, catenary problem, and large nonlinear deformation problem of …

Apache Point Observatory follow-up of ACcelerating Candidate ExopLanet host Stars (APO ACCELS): Ages for 166 Accelerating Stars in the Northern Hemisphere
Anne E. Peck (Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University), Eric L. Nielsen (Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University), Robert J. De Rosa (European Southern Observatory), William Thompson (National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics), Bruce Macintosh (Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, U…

Apache Point Observatory follow-up of ACcelerating Candidate ExopLanet host Stars (APO ACCELS): Ages for 166 Accelerating Stars in the Northern Hemisphere
Directly imaged substellar companions with well-constrained ages and masses serve as vital empirical benchmarks for planet formation and evolution models. Potential benchmark companions can be identified from astrometric accelerations of their host stars. We use Gaia DR3 and Hipparcos astrometry to identify 166 northern hemisphere stars with astrometric accelerations consistent with a substellar companion between 0.5'' and 1''. For this accelerating sample we identify young stars using APO/ARCE…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18344 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csLG_…

Sample Complexity of Diffusion Model Training Without Empirical Risk Minimizer Access
Diffusion models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across vision, language, and scientific domains. Despite their empirical success, prior theoretical analyses of the sample complexity suffer from poor scaling with input data dimension or rely on unrealistic assumptions such as access to exact empirical risk minimizers. In this work, we provide a principled analysis of score estimation, establishing a sample complexity bound of $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(ε^{-6})$. Our approach lever…

Leveraging Optimal Transport for Distributed Two-Sample Testing: An Integrated Transportation Distance-based Framework
Zhengqi Lin, Yan Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16047

Leveraging Optimal Transport for Distributed Two-Sample Testing: An Integrated Transportation Distance-based Framework
This paper introduces a novel framework for distributed two-sample testing using the Integrated Transportation Distance (ITD), an extension of the Optimal Transport distance. The approach addresses the challenges of detecting distributional changes in decentralized learning or federated learning environments, where data privacy and heterogeneity are significant concerns. We provide theoretical foundations for the ITD, including convergence properties and asymptotic behavior. A permutation test …

Watermarking Quantum Neural Networks Based on Sample Grouped and Paired Training
Limengnan Zhou, Hanzhou Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12675 https://

Watermarking Quantum Neural Networks Based on Sample Grouped and Paired Training
Quantum neural networks (QNNs) leverage quantum computing to create powerful and efficient artificial intelligence models capable of solving complex problems significantly faster than traditional computers. With the fast development of quantum hardware technology, such as superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and integrated photonics, quantum computers may become reality, accelerating the applications of QNNs. However, preparing quantum circuits and optimizing parameters for QNNs require quantu…

Frustrated edge currents in bilayers formed of s- and d-wave superconductors
Vedangi Pathak, Oguzhan Can, Nirek Brahmbhatt, Marcel Franz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21482

Frustrated edge currents in bilayers formed of s- and d-wave superconductors
We explore edge currents in heterostructures formed of a high-$T_c$ cuprate and a conventional $s$-wave superconductors. The resulting $d\pm is$ superconductor spontaneously breaks time reversal symmetry and, remarkably, exhibits large edge currents along certain edge directions in spite of being topologically trivial. In addition we find that the edge currents are frustrated such that they appear to emerge from or flow into sample corners, seemingly violating charge conservation. Careful self-…

Measurements, simulations, and models of the point-spread function of electron-beam lithography
Nikolaj B. Hougs, Kristian S. Knudsen, Marcus Albrechtsen, Taichi Suhara, Christian A. Rosiek, S{\o}ren Stobbe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21236

Measurements, simulations, and models of the point-spread function of electron-beam lithography
When a sample is exposed using electron-beam lithography, the electrons scatter deep and far in the substrate, resulting in unwanted deposition of dose at both the nano- and the microscale. This proximity effect can be mitigated by proximity effect correction provided that accurate and validated models of the point-spread function of the electron scattering are available. Most works so far considered a double-Gaussian model of the electron point-spread function, which is very inaccurate for mod…

Probing Obscured Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters Using JWST Medium Band Images: 3.3$\mu\rm m$ PAH Emitter Sample in Abell 2744
Cheng Cheng, Xin Wang, Piaoran Liang, Fengwu Sun, Edo Ibar, Malte Brinch, Haojing Yan, Jia-Sheng Huang, Jun Li, Juan Molina
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21320

Probing Obscured Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters Using JWST Medium Band Images: 3.3$μ\rm m$ PAH Emitter Sample in Abell 2744
Star-forming galaxies in galaxy clusters play a crucial role in understanding the advanced stages of galaxy evolution within dense environments. We present a sample of 3.3$μ$m PAH-bright galaxies in the Abell 2744 (A2744) galaxy cluster. Using F430M medium band images, we select PAH emitters in the galaxy cluster, which capture the 3.3$μ$m PAH emission at the redshift of A2744. Our multi-wavelength study demonstrates consistent star formation rates (SFRs) derived from PAH emission and SED fit…

Stochastic particle method with birth-death dynamics
Zhengyang Lei, Sihong Shao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20201 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Stochastic particle method with birth-death dynamics
In order to numerically solve high-dimensional nonlinear PDEs and alleviate the curse of dimensionality, a stochastic particle method (SPM) has been proposed to capture the relevant feature of the solution through the adaptive evolution of particles [J. Comput. Phys. 527 (2025) 113818]. In this paper, we introduce an active birth-death dynamics of particles to improve the efficiency of SPM. The resulting method, dubbed SPM-birth-death, sample new particles according to the nonlinear term and ex…

Thinning to improve two-sample discrepancy
Gleb Smirnov, Roman Vershynin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20932 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.…

Thinning to improve two-sample discrepancy
The discrepancy between two independent samples \(X_1,\dots,X_n\) and \(Y_1,\dots,Y_n\) drawn from the same distribution on $\mathbb{R}^d$ typically has order \(O(\sqrt{n})\) even in one dimension. We give a simple online algorithm that reduces the discrepancy to \(O(\log^{2d} n)\) by discarding a small fraction of the points.

Dynamic mapping from static labels: remote sensing dynamic sample generation with temporal-spectral embedding
Shuai Yuan, Shuang Chen, Tianwu Lin, Jie Wang, Peng Gong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02574

Dynamic mapping from static labels: remote sensing dynamic sample generation with temporal-spectral embedding
Accurate remote sensing geographic mapping depends heavily on representative and timely sample data. However, rapid changes in land surface dynamics necessitate frequent updates, quickly rendering previously collected samples obsolete and imposing significant labor demands for continuous manual updates. In this study, we aim to address this problem by dynamic sample generation using existing single-date static labeled samples. We introduce TasGen, a two-stage automated framework to automaticall…

ROBBO: An Efficient Method for Pareto Front Estimation with Guaranteed Accuracy
Roberto Boffadossi, Marco Leonesio, Lorenzo Fagiano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18004

ROBBO: An Efficient Method for Pareto Front Estimation with Guaranteed Accuracy
A new method to estimate the Pareto Front (PF) in bi-objective optimization problems is presented. Assuming a continuous PF, the approach, named ROBBO (RObust and Balanced Bi-objective Optimization), needs to sample at most a finite, pre-computed number of PF points. Upon termination, it guarantees that the worst-case approximation error lies within a desired tolerance range, predefined by the decision maker, for each of the two objective functions. Theoretical results are derived, about the wo…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17698 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

ProGeny II: the impact of libraries and model configurations on inferred galaxy properties in SED fitting
We use a volume-complete sample of ~8,000 galaxies from the GAMA survey to characterise the impact of stellar population libraries (SPLs) and model configurations on the resulting inferred galaxy properties from Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting. We compare a fiducial SPL from ProGeny (a new tool that can generate SPLs quickly and flexibly) against five other commonly used SPLs using the SED-fitting code ProSpect. The impact of selecting each SPL is compared to the consequence of chang…

One-sample survival tests for non-proportional hazards in oncology clinical trial
Chlo\'e Szurewsky (U1018), Guosheng Yin (DSAS), Gw\'ena\"el Le Teuff (U1018)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18608

One-sample survival tests for non-proportional hazards in oncology clinical trial
In oncology, well-powered time-to-event randomized clinical trials are challenging due to a limited number of patients (e.g, pediatric cancers or personalized medicine). Last decade, many one- or two-stage designs for single-arm trials (SATs) have emerged as an alternative to overcome this issue. These designs rely on the one-sample log-rank test (OSLRT) and its modified version (mOSLRT) to compare the survival curves of an experimental and an external control group under the proportional hazar…

Adaptive tail index estimation: minimal assumptions and non-asymptotic guarantees
Johannes Lederer, Anne Sabourin, Mahsa Taheri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22371

Adaptive tail index estimation: minimal assumptions and non-asymptotic guarantees
A notoriously difficult challenge in extreme value theory is the choice of the number $k\ll n$, where $n$ is the total sample size, of extreme data points to consider for inference of tail quantities. Existing theoretical guarantees for adaptive methods typically require second-order assumptions or von Mises assumptions that are difficult to verify and often come with tuning parameters that are challenging to calibrate. This paper revisits the problem of adaptive selection of $k$ for the Hill…

On the performance of machine-learning assisted Monte Carlo in sampling from simple statistical physics models
Luca Maria Del Bono, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi, Francesco Zamponi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22598

On the performance of machine-learning assisted Monte Carlo in sampling from simple statistical physics models
Recent years have seen a rise in the application of machine learning techniques to aid the simulation of hard-to-sample systems that cannot be studied using traditional methods. Despite the introduction of many different architectures and procedures, a wide theoretical understanding is still lacking, with the risk of suboptimal implementations. As a first step to address this gap, we provide here a complete analytic study of the widely-used Sequential Tempering procedure applied to a shallow MA…

Saturns, but not super-Jupiters, occur more frequently in the presence of inner super-Earths
Etienne Lefevre-Forjan, Gijs D. Mulders
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21204

Saturns, but not super-Jupiters, occur more frequently in the presence of inner super-Earths
Studies from recent years have reached different conclusions regarding how frequently super-Earths are accompanied by long period giant planets and vice versa. This relation has been predicted to be mass dependent by planet formation models. We investigate that as the origin of the discrepancy using a radial velocity sample: the California Legacy Survey. We perform detection completeness corrections in order to discard detection bias as a possible explanation to our results. After bias correcti…

The Chemical Clock of High-mass Star-forming Regions: N2H /CCS
J. L. Chen, J. S. Zhang, J. X. Ge, Y. X. Wang, H. Z. Yu, Y. P. Zou, Y. T. Yan, X. Y. Wang, D. Y. Wei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23221

The Chemical Clock of High-mass Star-forming Regions: N2H+/CCS
Using the IRAM 30 m telescope, we presented observations of N2H+ J = 1-0, CCS JN = 87-76 and 77-66 lines toward a large sample of ultracompact HII regions (UC HIIs). Among our 88 UC HIIs, 87 and 33 sources were detected in the N2H+ J = 1-0 and CCS JN = 87-76 lines, respectively. For the CCS 77-66 transition, we detected emission in 10 out of 82 targeted sources, all of which also exhibited emission in the CCS JN = 87-76 line. Physical parameters are derived for our detections, including the opt…

Finite sample-optimal adjustment sets in linear Gaussian causal models
Nadja Rutsch, Sara Magliacane, St\'ephanie van der Pas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12869

Finite sample-optimal adjustment sets in linear Gaussian causal models
Traditional covariate selection methods for causal inference focus on achieving unbiasedness and asymptotic efficiency. In many practical scenarios, researchers must estimate causal effects from observational data with limited sample sizes or in cases where covariates are difficult or costly to measure. Their needs might be better met by selecting adjustment sets that are finite sample-optimal in terms of mean squared error. In this paper, we aim to find the adjustment set that minimizes the me…

Universal and Efficient Quantum State Verification via Schmidt Decomposition and Mutually Unbiased Bases
Yunting Li, Huangjun Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19809

Universal and Efficient Quantum State Verification via Schmidt Decomposition and Mutually Unbiased Bases
Efficient verification of multipartite quantum states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. By virtue of Schmidt decomposition and mutually unbiased bases, here we propose a universal protocol to verify arbitrary multipartite pure quantum states using adaptive local projective measurements. Moreover, we establish a universal upper bound on the sample complexity that is independent of the local dimensions. Numerical calculations further indicate that Haar-random pure…

Replaced article(s) found for stat.ML. https://arxiv.org/list/stat.ML/new
[1/1]:
- Constructive Universal Approximation and Finite Sample Memorization by Narrow Deep ReLU Networks
Mart\'in Hern\'andez, Enrique Zuazua

Imaging systematics induced by galaxy sub-sample fluctuation: new systematics at second order
Hui Kong, Nora Elisa Chisari, Boris Leistedt, Eric Gawiser, Martin Rodr\'iguez-Monroy, Noah Weaverdyck
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09481

Imaging systematics induced by galaxy sub-sample fluctuation: new systematics at second order
Imaging systematics refers to the inhomogeneous distribution of a galaxy sample caused by varying observing conditions and astrophysical foregrounds. Current mitigation methods correct the galaxy density fluctuations, caused by imaging systematics assuming that all galaxies in a sample have the same galaxy density fluctuations. Under this assumption, the corrected sample cannot perfectly recover the true correlation function. We name this effect sub-sample systematics. For a galaxy sample, even…

Modeling the Mass Distribution and Gravitational Potential of Nearby Disk Galaxies: Implications for the ISM Dynamical Equilibrium
Vivek Vijayakumar, Jiayi Sun, Eve C. Ostriker, Enrico M. Di Teodoro, Konstantin Haubner, Chang-Goo Kim, Adam K. Leroy, Miguel Querejeta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22381…

Modeling the Mass Distribution and Gravitational Potential of Nearby Disk Galaxies: Implications for the ISM Dynamical Equilibrium
We characterize stellar, gas, and dark matter mass distributions for 17 nearby massive disk galaxies from the PHANGS sample. This allows us to compute the gravitational potential that vertically confines the interstellar gas and determines its equilibrium scale height and weight. We first combine dynamical mass constraints from existing CO and HI rotation curves together with stellar and gas mass estimates from near-infrared, CO, and HI data. These estimates incorporate current best practices i…

The peak flux of long gamma-ray bursts in the E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ diagram and in the classification
Guangxuan Lan, Jean-Luc Atteia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20374

The peak flux of long gamma-ray bursts in the E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ diagram and in the classification
The E$_{\rm p,i}$--L$_{\rm iso}$ correlation of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) is regarded as a fundamental correlation for standardizing LGRBs to probe cosmology and constrain LGRB physics. However, this correlation may be affected by potential selection effects which are likely overlooked in the current small LGRB redshift sample. In this work, we simulate a large LGRB sample that reflects the observed situation, aiming to study the impact of peak flux $P$ on the observed LGRB E$_{\rm p,i}$--L…

Sample size re-estimation in blinded hybrid-control design using inverse probability weighting
Masahiro Kojima, Shunichiro Orihara, Keisuke Hanada, Tomohiro Ohigashi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15913

Sample size re-estimation in blinded hybrid-control design using inverse probability weighting
With the increasing availability of data from historical studies and real-world data sources, hybrid control designs that incorporate external data into the evaluation of current studies are being increasingly adopted. In these designs, it is necessary to pre-specify during the planning phase the extent to which information will be borrowed from historical control data. However, if substantial differences in baseline covariate distributions between the current and historical studies are identif…

The coalescent of a sample from a linear-fractional branching process
Natalia Cardona-Tob\'on, Sandra Palau
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17470 https://…

The coalescent of a sample from a linear-fractional branching process
In this article, we focus on Bienaymé-Galton-Watson processes with linear-fractional offspring distributions. At a fixed generation, we consider a sample of the individuals alive, drawn in two different ways: either through Bernoulli sampling, where each individual is selected independently with a given probability, or through uniform sampling, where a fixed number of individuals are chosen uniformly at random. We analyze the genealogical trees generated by the sampled individuals. In particul…

MeerKAT radio continuum imaging of nearby star-forming spirals in the NGC 6221, NGC 3256/3263, and NGC 2434 galaxy groups
J. Saponara, B. S. Koribalski, J. English, P. K. Humire
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22382

MeerKAT radio continuum imaging of nearby star-forming spirals in the NGC 6221, NGC 3256/3263, and NGC 2434 galaxy groups
Context. We present high-resolution MeerKAT 1.3 GHz radio continuum images of star-forming spirals in the nearby galaxy groups around NGC 6221, NGC 3256/3263 and NGC 2434. This sample spans the evolutionary timeline for galaxy groups, encompassing early, intermediate, and late stages, respectively. The NGC 6221 group contains an interacting galaxy pair with tidal debris, along with at least three dwarf galaxies. In contrast, the NGC 3256/3263 group represents a loose group consisting of several…

The Initial Mass Function of Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Sco Association
K. L. Luhman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21747 https://

The Initial Mass Function of Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Sco Association
I present infrared spectroscopy of 37 brown dwarf candidates in the Upper Sco association, 35 of which are classified as young and cool, making them likely members. This sample includes many of the faintest spectroscopically confirmed members ($K=16$-17 mag), which should have masses down to $\sim0.007$-0.01 $M_\odot$ for the range of ages in Upper Sco (7-14 Myr). Using my updated membership catalog for Upper Sco, I have estimated the initial mass function (IMF) for a field in the center of the…

A Common Pool of Privacy Problems: Legal and Technical Lessons from a Large-Scale Web-Scraped Machine Learning Dataset
Rachel Hong, Jevan Hutson, William Agnew, Imaad Huda, Tadayoshi Kohno, Jamie Morgenstern
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17185

A Common Pool of Privacy Problems: Legal and Technical Lessons from a Large-Scale Web-Scraped Machine Learning Dataset
We investigate the contents of web-scraped data for training AI systems, at sizes where human dataset curators and compilers no longer manually annotate every sample. Building off of prior privacy concerns in machine learning models, we ask: What are the legal privacy implications of web-scraped machine learning datasets? In an empirical study of a popular training dataset, we find significant presence of personally identifiable information despite sanitization efforts. Our audit provides concr…

Kinematic misalignment as a driver of black hole activity in galaxies with external interactions
Sandra I. Raimundo, Rogerio Riffel, Song-lin Li, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Sandro Rembold, Rogemar A. Riffel, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Marianne Vestergaard, Jos\'e L. Tous
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21749

Kinematic misalignment as a driver of black hole activity in galaxies with external interactions
The process of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) fuelling relies on the transport of gas across several orders of magnitude in physical scale until the gas reaches the supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy. This work explores the role of kinematically misaligned gas in the fuelling of AGN in a sample of 4769 local galaxies from the MaNGA survey. We investigate for the first time the relative role of external interactions and the presence of kinematic misalignment as mechanisms to explain…

Communication Complexity of Exact Sampling under R\'enyi Information
Spencer Hill, Fady Alajaji, Tam\'as Linder
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12219 ht…

Communication Complexity of Exact Sampling under Rényi Information
We study the problem of communicating a sample from a probability distribution $P$ given shared access to a sequence distributed according to another probability distribution $Q$. Li and El Gamal used the Poisson functional representation to show that the minimum expected message length to communicate a sample from $P$ can be upper bounded by $D(P||Q) + \log (D(P||Q) + 1) + 4$, where $D(\, \cdot \, || \, \cdot\, )$ is the Kullback-Leibler divergence. We generalize …

Results from the T2K experiment on neutrino mixing including a new far detector $\mu$-like sample
Collaboration, Abe, Abe, Akutsu, Alarakia-Charles, Hakim, Monsalve, Anthony, Aoki, Apte, Arai, Arihara, Arimoto, Ashida, Atkin, Babu, Baranov, Barker, Barr, Barrow, Bates, Bathe-Peters, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, Baudis, Berardi, Berns, Bhattacharjee, Blanchet, Blondel, Boistier, Bolognesi, Bordoni, Boyd, Bronner, Bubak, Avanzini, Caballero, Cadoux, Calabria, Cao, Cap, Carabadjac, Cartwright, Ca…

Results from the T2K experiment on neutrino mixing including a new far detector $μ$-like sample
T2K has made improved measurements of three-flavor neutrino mixing with 19.7(16.3)$\times 10^{20}$ protons on target in (anti-)neutrino-enhanced beam modes. A new sample of muon-neutrino events with tagged pions has been added at the far detector, increasing the neutrino-enhanced muon-neutrino sample size by 42.5%. In addition, new samples have been added at the near detector, and significant improvements have been made to the flux and neutrino interaction modeling. T2K data continues to prefer…

The peculiar composition of the Sun is not related to giant planets
M. Carlos, A. M. Amarsi, P. E. Nissen, G. Canocchi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22615 htt…

The peculiar composition of the Sun is not related to giant planets
Highly-differential spectroscopic studies have revealed that the Sun is deficient in refractory elements relative to solar twins. To investigate the role of giant planets on this signature, we present a high precision abundance analysis of HARPS spectra for 50 F- and G-type stars spanning -0.4<[Fe/H]<+0.5. There are 29 stars in the sample which host planets of masses > 0.01 MJup. We derive abundances for 19 elements, and apply corrections to 14 of them for systematic errors associated with one …

Orthogonality conditions for convex regression
Sheng Dai, Timo Kuosmanen, Xun Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21110 https://arxiv.org…

Orthogonality conditions for convex regression
Econometric identification generally relies on orthogonality conditions, which usually state that the random error term is uncorrelated with the explanatory variables. In convex regression, the orthogonality conditions for identification are unknown. Applying Lagrangian duality theory, we establish the sample orthogonality conditions for convex regression, including additive and multiplicative formulations of the regression model, with and without monotonicity and homogeneity constraints. We th…

Decoding AGN Feedback with X-arithmetic: From Morphology to Physical Mechanisms
Hannah McCall, Irina Zhuravleva, Eugene Churazov, Congyao Zhang, William Forman, Christine Jones, Yuan Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21859

Decoding AGN Feedback with X-arithmetic: From Morphology to Physical Mechanisms
Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is a key process in the evolution of massive halos in the Universe. New observational information on feedback is crucial for improving the implementation of the physics in numerical models. In this work, we apply a novel image-manipulation technique, termed 'X-arithmetic', to a sample of 15 galaxy clusters and groups deeply observed with Chandra. This technique decomposes perturbations in feedback-dominated regions into images excluding either (1) weak…

Scaling limits for sample autocovariance operators of Hilbert space-valued linear processes
Marie-Christine D\"uker, Pavlos Zoubouloglou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17168

Scaling limits for sample autocovariance operators of Hilbert space-valued linear processes
This article considers linear processes with values in a separable Hilbert space exhibiting long-range dependence. The scaling limits for the sample autocovariance operators at different time lags are investigated in the topology of their respective Hilbert spaces. Distinguishing two different regimes of long-range dependence, the limiting object is either a Hilbert space-valued Gaussian or a Hilbert space-valued non-Gaussian random variable. The latter can be represented as a unitary transform…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14788 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Global properties, fractality, and mass segregation in single, paired, and grouped open clusters
We investigate the structural and dynamical properties of Open Clusters (OCs) classified as single, in pairs, or in groups. By analysing their mass, size, age, fractality, and mass segregation, we aim to identify systematic differences among these categories and evaluate the role of the Galactic environment in their evolution. Our sample comprises 420 single OCs, 415 in pairs, and 317 in groups. To characterise their structure, we apply the Q-parameter, which distinguishes fractal from radial d…

Sampling conditioned diffusions via Pathspace Projected Monte Carlo
Tobias Grafke
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15743 https://arxiv.org/…

Sampling conditioned diffusions via Pathspace Projected Monte Carlo
We present an algorithm to sample stochastic differential equations conditioned on rather general constraints, including integral constraints, endpoint constraints, and stochastic integral constraints. The algorithm is a pathspace Metropolis-adjusted manifold sampling scheme, which samples stochastic paths on the submanifold of realizations that adhere to the conditioning constraint. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm by sampling a dynamical condensation phase transition, conditi…

Affine invariant interacting Langevin dynamics in Markov chain importance sampling for rare event estimation
Jason Beh, J\'er\^ome Morio, Florian Simatos, Simon Weissmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20185

Affine invariant interacting Langevin dynamics in Markov chain importance sampling for rare event estimation
This work considers the framework of Markov chain importance sampling~(MCIS), in which one employs a Markov chain Monte Carlo~(MCMC) scheme to sample particles approaching the optimal distribution for importance sampling, prior to estimating the quantity of interest through importance sampling. In rare event estimation, the optimal distribution admits a non-differentiable log-density, thus gradient-based MCMC can only target a smooth approximation of the optimal density. We propose a new gradie…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03662 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

The Growth of Galaxy Stellar Haloes Over $0.2 \leq z \leq 1.1$
Galaxies are predicted to assemble their stellar haloes through the accretion of stellar material from interactions with their cosmic environment. Observations that trace stellar halo buildup probe the processes that drive galaxy size and stellar mass growth. We investigate stellar halo assembly over $0.2 \leq z \leq 1.1$ in a mass-complete ($M_{\star} \geq 10^{9.5}M_{\odot}$) sample of 242,456 star-forming and 88,421 quiescent galaxies (SFGs and QGs) from the CLAUDS and HSC-SSP surveys. We ext…

The NIKA2 cosmological legacy survey at 2 mm: catalogs, colors, redshift distributions, and implications for deep surveys
M. B\'ethermin, G. Lagache, C. Carvajal-Bohorquez, R. Adam, P. Ade, H. Ajeddig, S. Amarantidis, P. Andr\'e, H. Aussel, A. Beelen, A. Beno\^it, S. Berta, L. J. Bing, A. Bongiovanni, J. Bounmy, O. Bourrion, M. Calvo, A. Catalano, D. Ch\'erouvrier, M. De Petris, F. -X. D\'esert, S. Doyle, E. F. C. Driessen, G. Ejlali, A. Ferragamo, A. Gomez, J. Goupy, C…

The NIKA2 cosmological legacy survey at 2 mm: catalogs, colors, redshift distributions, and implications for deep surveys
Millimeter galaxy surveys are particularly effective in detecting dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift. While such observations are typically conducted at ~1mm, studies suggest that 2mm may be better suited for selecting sources at even higher redshifts. We use the unprecedented 2mm data from the N2CLS, together with the SIDES simulation, to study and interpret the statistical properties of 2mm-selected galaxies. We use the N2CLS robust sample at 2mm, which contains 25 sources in the de…

Probe before You Talk: Towards Black-box Defense against Backdoor Unalignment for Large Language Models
Biao Yi, Tiansheng Huang, Sishuo Chen, Tong Li, Zheli Liu, Zhixuan Chu, Yiming Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16447

Probe before You Talk: Towards Black-box Defense against Backdoor Unalignment for Large Language Models
Backdoor unalignment attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs) enable the stealthy compromise of safety alignment using a hidden trigger while evading normal safety auditing. These attacks pose significant threats to the applications of LLMs in the real-world Large Language Model as a Service (LLMaaS) setting, where the deployed model is a fully black-box system that can only interact through text. Furthermore, the sample-dependent nature of the attack target exacerbates the threat. Instead …

The galaxy-halo connection of disc galaxies over six orders of magnitude in stellar mass
Pavel E. Mancera Pi\~na, Justin I. Read, Stacy Kim, Antonino Marasco, Jos\'e A. Benavides, Marcin Glowacki, Gabriele Pezzulli, Claudia del P. Lagos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22727

The galaxy-halo connection of disc galaxies over six orders of magnitude in stellar mass
(Abridged) The relations between stellar ($M_\ast$), gas ($M_{\rm gas}$), baryonic ($M_{\rm bar} = M_\ast + M_{\rm gas}$), and dark matter halo mass ($M_{200}$) provide unique constraints on galaxy formation and cosmology. The shape of the relations constrains how galaxies regulate their growth through gas accretion, star formation, and feedback; their scatter probes the stochasticity of galaxy assembly. Here, we assemble a sample of 49 nearby gas-rich dwarf and massive disc galaxies with unm…

Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. II: Lightcurve Analysis
Kaustav K. Das, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Jesper Sollerman, Christoffer Fremling, Takashi J. Moriya, K-Ryan Hinds, Daniel A. Perley, Eric C. Bellm, Tracy X. Chen, Evan P. O'Connor, Michael W. Coughlin, W. V. Jacobson-Galan, Anjasha Gangopadhyay, Matthew Graham, S. R. Kulkarni, Josiah Purdum, Nikhil Sarin, Steve Schulze, Avinash Singh, Daichi Tsuna, Avery Wold

Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. II: Lightcurve Analysis
The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey yielded a sample of 330 Type IIP supernovae (SNe) with well-constrained peak luminosities. In paper I (arXiv:2502.19493), we measured their luminosity function and volumetric rate. Here (paper II), we present the largest systematic study of lightcurve properties for Type IIP SNe from a volume-limited survey, analyzing a selected subset of 129 events, including 16 low-luminosity Type IIP (LLIIP) SNe with M${r,peak} \geq -16$ mag. …

Standardizing a larger, higher-quality, homogeneous sample of reverberation-mapped H$\beta$ active galactic nuclei using the broad-line region radius-luminosity relation
Shulei Cao, Amit Kumar Mandal, Michal Zaja\v{c}ek, Bharat Ratra
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17422

Standardizing a larger, higher-quality, homogeneous sample of reverberation-mapped H$β$ active galactic nuclei using the broad-line region radius-luminosity relation
We present a high-quality, homogeneous sample of 157 H$β$ reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei (RM AGNs) spanning redshifts $0.00308 \leq z \leq 0.8429$, which is approximately 3.8 times larger than the previously available high-quality homogeneous sample. Using the broad-line region radius$-$luminosity relation ($R-L$), which involves the broad H$β$ line time delay and the monochromatic luminosity at 5100\,Å\,, we show that the sample is standardizable by using six spatially flat and…

James Webb Space Telescope observations of the white dwarf cooling sequence of 47 Tucanae
M. Salaris (Liverpool John Moores University, INAF-OAAb), M. Scalco (INAF-OAPD), L. R. Bedin (INAF-OAPD), S. Cassisi (INAF-OAAb, INFN-Pisa)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20732

James Webb Space Telescope observations of the white dwarf cooling sequence of 47 Tucanae
We present a study of the white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc or NGC 104) using deep infrared observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). By combining these data with ultra-deep optical imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) taken ~12 years earlier, we derived precise proper motions (PMs) and isolated a clean sample of WD cluster members. We estimated the cluster's age by comparing the observed WD cooling sequence luminosity function …

Identifying Heterogeneity in Distributed Learning
Zelin Xiao, Jia Gu, Song Xi Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16394 https://arxiv.org…

Identifying Heterogeneity in Distributed Learning
We study methods for identifying heterogeneous parameter components in distributed M-estimation with minimal data transmission. One is based on a re-normalized Wald test, which is shown to be consistent as long as the number of distributed data blocks $K$ is of a smaller order of the minimum block sample size {and the level of heterogeneity is dense}. The second one is an extreme contrast test (ECT) based on the difference between the largest and smallest component-wise estimated parameters amo…

Central limit theory for Peaks-over-Threshold partial sums of long memory linear time series
Ioan Scheffel, Marco Oesting, Gilles Stupfler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20789

Central limit theory for Peaks-over-Threshold partial sums of long memory linear time series
Over the last 30 years, extensive work has been devoted to developing central limit theory for partial sums of subordinated long memory linear time series. A much less studied problem, motivated by questions that are ubiquitous in extreme value theory, is the asymptotic behavior of such partial sums when the subordination mechanism has a threshold depending on sample size, so as to focus on the right tail of the time series. This article substantially extends longstanding asymptotic techniques …

Detailed Chemical Abundance Analysis of Metal-Poor Turn-Off Stars: One with [Fe/H] < -4 and Three with [Fe/H] < -4
Takuma Suda, Patrick Francois, Shinya Wanajo, Elisabetta Caffau, Wako Aoki, Piercarlo Bonifacio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18286

Detailed Chemical Abundance Analysis of Metal-Poor Turn-Off Stars: One with [Fe/H] < -4 and Three with [Fe/H] < -4
We present the analysis of four new extremely metal poor turn-off stars thanks to high-resolution spectra obtained with the Subaru/HDS spectrograph. We determined the abundances and upper limits of Li, C, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Metallicities range from [Fe/H] = -3.3 to -4.4 dex. For one of the stars, we measure the lithium abundance Log(Li/H) = 2.1 {\pm} 0.2. Two stars of the sample have low [α/Fe] abundances. The most metal-poor star of the sample with [Fe/H] = -4.42 dex has a high [Sr/Fe] abund…

Precision Matrix Regularization in Sufficient Dimension Reduction for Improved Quadratic Discriminant Classification
Derik T. Boonstra, Rakheon Kim, Dean M. Young
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19192

Precision Matrix Regularization in Sufficient Dimension Reduction for Improved Quadratic Discriminant Classification
Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods, which often rely on class precision matrices, are widely used in supervised statistical classification problems. However, when class-specific sample sizes are small relative to the original feature-space dimension, precision matrix estimation becomes unstable and, as a result, increases the variability of the linear dimension reduction (LDR) matrix. Ultimately, this fact causes suboptimal supervised classification. To address this problem, we develo…

Empirically Predicted Absolute Magnitudes for Red Clump Stars in Mephisto and CSST Filters
Zheng Yu, Bing-Qiu Chen, Xiao-Wei Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20078

Empirically Predicted Absolute Magnitudes for Red Clump Stars in Mephisto and CSST Filters
Red clump (RC) stars are reliable standard candles for studying the structure and evolution of the Milky Way. In this study, we present empirical calibrations of RC absolute magnitudes in the Mephisto (v, g, r, i) and CSST (g, r, i) photometric systems using a high-purity sample of 25,059 RC stars cross-matched between APOGEE and Gaia DR3 XP spectra. Through synthetic photometry and polynomial fitting, we find that RC absolute magnitudes exhibit strong dependencies on effective temperature and …

Signatures of planets and Galactic subpopulations in solar analogs. Precise chemical abundances with neural networks
Giulia Martos, Jorge Mel\'endez, Lorenzo Spina, Sara Lucatello
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20345

Signatures of planets and Galactic subpopulations in solar analogs. Precise chemical abundances with neural networks
The aim of this work is to obtain precise atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances automatically for solar twins and analogs to find signatures of exoplanets, as well as to assess how peculiar the Sun is compared to these stars and to analyze any possible fine structures in the Galactic thin disk. We developed a neural network (NN) algorithm using Python to obtain these parameters for a sample of 99 solar twins and solar analogs previously studied in the literature from normalized high-qu…

The Relationship of Stellar Radius Inflation to Rotation and Magnetic Starspots at 10--670 Myr
Lyra Cao, Keivan G. Stassun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18972

The Relationship of Stellar Radius Inflation to Rotation and Magnetic Starspots at 10--670 Myr
Active, low-mass stars are widely observed to have radii that are larger than predicted by standard stellar models. Proposed mechanisms for this radius inflation generally involve stellar magnetism, either in the form of added pressure support in the outer layers and/or suppression of convection via starspots. We have assembled a large sample of 261 low-mass stars in the young clusters Upper Scorpius, $α$ Persei, Pleiades, and Praesepe (spanning ages 10--670 Myr) for which the data exist to em…

The Low Mass Dwarf Host Galaxy of Non-Repeating FRB 20230708A
August R. Muller (Maria Mitchell Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), Alexa C. Gordon (Northwestern University), Stuart D. Ryder (Macquarie University), Alexandra G. Mannings (University of California Santa Cruz), J. Xavier Prochaska (University of California Santa Cruz, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan), Keith W. Bannister (C…

The Low Mass Dwarf Host Galaxy of Non-Repeating FRB 20230708A
We present Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter spectroscopy for the host galaxies of 12 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) observed through the ESO Large Programme "FURBY", which imposes strict selection criteria on the included FRBs and their host galaxies to produce a homogeneous and well-defined sample. We describe the data reduction and analysis of these spectra and report their redshifts, line-emission fluxes, and derived host properties. From the present…

The evolution of chromospheric quiet-sun bright points during their lifetime
Ll\^yr Humphries, Huw Morgan, David Kuridze
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19473 h…

The evolution of chromospheric quiet-sun bright points during their lifetime
Bright points (BPs) are ubiquitous, small-scale energetic events with multithermal signatures, typically observed in the chromosphere and linked to both photospheric structure and coronal composition. Their evolution is influenced by various physical processes, including plasma dynamics and magnetic interactions. This paper examines BP evolution using a large statistical sample, focusing on when they reach maximum values for key attributes, and explores differences between BPs in the "Active Qu…

Balmer Decrement and IRX Break in Tracing Dust Attenuation at Scales of Individual Star-forming Regions in NGC 628
Man Qiao, Mingfeng Liu, Zongfei Lyu, Shuang Liu, Chao Yang, Dong Dong Shi, Fangxia An, Zhizheng Pan, Wenhao Liu, Binyang Liu, Run Wen, Yu Heng Zhang, Xian Zhong Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21026

Balmer Decrement and IRX Break in Tracing Dust Attenuation at Scales of Individual Star-forming Regions in NGC 628
We investigate the relationships between infrared excess (IRX=$L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$) and Balmer decrement (${\rm H}α/{\rm H}β$) as indicators of dust attenuation for 609 ${\rm {H\,{\small II}}}$ regions at scales of $\sim 50-200$ pc in NGC 628, utilizing data from AstroSat, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). Our findings indicate that about three fifths of the sample ${\rm {H\,{\small II}}}$ regions reside within the regime occupied by local star…

Open Cluster Members in the APOGEE DR17. I. Dynamics and Star Members
R. Guer\c{c}o, D. Souto, J. G. Fern\'andez-Trincado, S. Daflon, K. Cunha, J. V. Sales-Silva, V. Loaiza-Tacuri, V. V. Smith, M. Ortigoza-Urdaneta, M. P. Roriz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19936

Open Cluster Members in the APOGEE DR17. I. Dynamics and Star Members
Context. Open clusters are groups of stars formed from the same cloud of gas and cosmic dust. They play an important role in studying stars' formation and evolution and understanding galaxies' structure and dynamics. Aims. The main objective of this work is to identify stars that belong to open clusters using astrometric data from Gaia EDR3 and spectroscopic data from APOGEE DR17. Furthermore, we investigate the metallicity gradients and orbital properties of the open clusters in our sample. Me…

The Galactic Bulge exploration V.: The secular spherical and X-shaped Milky Way bulge
Z. Prudil, V. P. Debattista, L. Beraldo e Silva, S. R. Anderson, S. Gough-Kelly, A. Kunder, M. Rejkuba, O. Gerhard, R. F. G. Wyse, A. J. Koch-Hansen, R. M. Rich, A. Savino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19074…

The Galactic Bulge exploration V.: The secular spherical and X-shaped Milky Way bulge
In this work, we derive systemic velocities and subsequently orbits for 8456 RR~Lyrae stars. We identify interlopers from other Milky Way (MW) structures, which amount to 22 percent of the total sample. Most interlopers are associated with the halo, with the remainder linked to the Galactic disk. We confirm the previously reported lag in the rotation curve of bulge RR~Lyrae stars regardless of the removal of interlopers. Metal-rich RR~Lyrae stars' rotation patterns are consistent with that of n…