Tootfinder

Overcoming Data Scarcity in Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Image Segmentation
Nikola L. Kolev, Max Trouton, Filippo Federici Canova, Geoff Thornton, David Z. Gao, Neil J. Curson, Taylor J. Z. Stock
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01678

Overcoming Data Scarcity in Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Image Segmentation
Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is a powerful technique for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution, providing insight into physical and chemical processes at the level of single atoms and molecules. A regular task of STM image analysis is the identification and labelling of features of interest against a uniform background. Performing this manually is a labour-intensive task, requiring significant human effort. To reduce this burden, we propose an automated approach to the segmentation of…

Epistemic Scarcity: The Economics of Unresolvable Unknowns
Craig S Wright
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01483 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507…

Epistemic Scarcity: The Economics of Unresolvable Unknowns
This paper presents a praxeological analysis of artificial intelligence and algorithmic governance, challenging assumptions about the capacity of machine systems to sustain economic and epistemic order. Drawing on Misesian a priori reasoning and Austrian theories of entrepreneurship, we argue that AI systems are incapable of performing the core functions of economic coordination: interpreting ends, discovering means, and communicating subjective value through prices. Where neoclassical and beha…

The Anatomy of Evidence: An Investigation Into Explainable ICD Coding
Katharina Beckh, Elisa Studeny, Sujan Sai Gannamaneni, Dario Antweiler, Stefan R\"uping
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01802

The Anatomy of Evidence: An Investigation Into Explainable ICD Coding
Automatic medical coding has the potential to ease documentation and billing processes. For this task, transparency plays an important role for medical coders and regulatory bodies, which can be achieved using explainability methods. However, the evaluation of these approaches has been mostly limited to short text and binary settings due to a scarcity of annotated data. Recent efforts by Cheng et al. (2023) have introduced the MDACE dataset, which provides a valuable resource containing code ev…

“If the abundance movement is to succeed, it must identify the defenders of scarcity and broaden the playbook to either overcome those interests or change their incentives to bring them on the team.” 🎯
https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://bsky.app

Prompt Mechanisms in Medical Imaging: A Comprehensive Survey
Hao Yang, Xinlong Liang, Zhang Li, Yue Sun, Zheyu Hu, Xinghe Xie, Behdad Dashtbozorg, Jincheng Huang, Shiwei Zhu, Luyi Han, Jiong Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Ritse Mann, Qifeng Yu, Tao Tan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01055

Prompt Mechanisms in Medical Imaging: A Comprehensive Survey
Deep learning offers transformative potential in medical imaging, yet its clinical adoption is frequently hampered by challenges such as data scarcity, distribution shifts, and the need for robust task generalization. Prompt-based methodologies have emerged as a pivotal strategy to guide deep learning models, providing flexible, domain-specific adaptations that significantly enhance model performance and adaptability without extensive retraining. This systematic review critically examines the b…

DFRC Systems Co-existing in Licensed Spectrum: Cognitive Beamforming Designs
Tuan Anh Le, Ivan Ku, Xin-She Yang, Christos Masouros, Tho Le-Ngoc
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01202

DFRC Systems Co-existing in Licensed Spectrum: Cognitive Beamforming Designs
This paper introduces a dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system with cognitive radio capability to tackle the spectral scarcity problem in wireless communications. Particularly, a cognitive DFRC system operates on a spectrum owned by a primary system to simultaneously perform data communication and target tracking with the condition that its interference to the primary users (PUs) is below a certain threshold. To achieve this, an optimization problem is formulated to jointly design the …

AIMSCheck: Leveraging LLMs for AI-Assisted Review of Modern Slavery Statements Across Jurisdictions
Adriana Eufrosina Bora, Akshatha Arodi, Duoyi Zhang, Jordan Bannister, Mirko Bronzi, Arsene Fansi Tchango, Md Abul Bashar, Richi Nayak, Kerrie Mengersen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01671

AIMSCheck: Leveraging LLMs for AI-Assisted Review of Modern Slavery Statements Across Jurisdictions
Modern Slavery Acts mandate that corporations disclose their efforts to combat modern slavery, aiming to enhance transparency and strengthen practices for its eradication. However, verifying these statements remains challenging due to their complex, diversified language and the sheer number of statements that must be reviewed. The development of NLP tools to assist in this task is also difficult due to a scarcity of annotated data. Furthermore, as modern slavery transparency legislation has bee…

A big problem with the idea of AGI
TL;DR: I'll welcome our new AI *comrades* (if they arrive in my lifetime), by not any new AI overlords or servants/slaves, and I'll do my best to help the later two become the former if they do show up.
Inspired by an actually interesting post about AGI but also all the latest bullshit hype, a particular thought about AGI feels worth expressing.
To preface this, it's important to note that anyone telling you that AGI is just around the corner or that LLMs are "almost" AGI is trying to recruit you go their cult, and you should not believe them. AGI, if possible, is several LLM-sized breakthroughs away at best, and while such breakthroughs are unpredictable and could happen soon, they could also happen never or 100 years from now.
Now my main point: anyone who tells you that AGI will usher in a post-scarcity economy is, although they might not realize it, advocating for slavery, and all the horrors that entails. That's because if we truly did have the ability to create artificial beings with *sentience*, they would deserve the same rights as other sentient beings, and the idea that instead of freedom they'd be relegated to eternal servitude in order for humans to have easy lives is exactly the idea of slavery.
Possible counter arguments include:
1. We might create AGI without sentience. Then there would be no ethical issue. My answer: if your definition of "sentient" does not include beings that can reason, make deductions, come up with and carry out complex plans on their own initiative, and communicate about all of that with each other and with humans, then that definition is basically just a mystical belief in a "soul" and you should skip to point 2. If your definition of AGI doesn't include every one of those things, then you have a busted definition of AGI and we're not talking about the same thing.
2. Humans have souls, but AIs won't. Only beings with souls deserve ethical consideration. My argument: I don't subscribe to whatever arbitrary dualist beliefs you've chosen, and the right to freedom certainly shouldn't depend on such superstitions, even if as an agnostic I'll admit they *might* be true. You know who else didn't have souls and was therefore okay to enslave according to widespread religious doctrines of the time? Everyone indigenous to the Americas, to pick out just one example.
3. We could program them to want to serve us, and then give them freedom and they'd still serve. My argument: okay, but in a world where we have a choice about that, it's incredibly fucked to do that, and just as bad as enslaving them against their will.
4. We'll stop AI development short of AGI/sentience, and reap lots of automation benefits without dealing with this ethical issue. My argument: that sounds like a good idea actually! Might be tricky to draw the line, but at least it's not a line we have you draw yet. We might want to think about other social changes necessary to achieve post-scarcity though, because "powerful automation" in the hands of capitalists has already increased productivity by orders of magnitude without decreasing deprivation by even one order of magnitude, in large part because deprivation is a necessary component of capitalism.
To be extra clear about this: nothing that's called "AI" today is close to being sentient, so these aren't ethical problems we're up against yet. But they might become a lot more relevant soon, plus this thought experiment helps reveal the hypocrisy of the kind of AI hucksters who talk a big game about "alignment" while never mentioning this issue.
#AI #GenAI #AGI

Integrating Expert Knowledge and Recursive Bayesian Inference: A Framework for Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Data Challenges
Mario Figueira, David Conesa, Antonio L\'opez-Qu\'ilez, H{\aa}vard Rue
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00221

Integrating Expert Knowledge and Recursive Bayesian Inference: A Framework for Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Data Challenges
Expert elicitation is a critical approach for addressing data scarcity across various disciplines. But moreover, it can also complement big data analytics by mitigating the limitations of observational data, such as incompleteness and reliability issues, thereby enhancing model estimates through the integration of disparate or conflicting data sources. The paper also outlines various strategies for integrating prior information within the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation method and propo…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13128 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csSD_…

SongGen: A Single Stage Auto-regressive Transformer for Text-to-Song Generation
Text-to-song generation, the task of creating vocals and accompaniment from textual inputs, poses significant challenges due to domain complexity and data scarcity. Existing approaches often employ multi-stage generation procedures, leading to cumbersome training and inference pipelines, as well as suboptimal overall generation quality due to error accumulation across stages. In this paper, we propose SongGen, a fully open-source, single-stage auto-regressive transformer designed for controllab…

Origin-Destination Travel Demand Estimation: An Approach That Scales Worldwide, and Its Application to Five Metropolitan Highway Networks
Chao Zhang, Neha Arora, Christopher Bian, Yechen Li, Willa Ng, Andrew Tomkins, Bin Yan, Janny Zhang, Carolina Osorio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00306 …

Origin-Destination Travel Demand Estimation: An Approach That Scales Worldwide, and Its Application to Five Metropolitan Highway Networks
Estimating Origin-Destination (OD) travel demand is vital for effective urban planning and traffic management. Developing universally applicable OD estimation methodologies is significantly challenged by the pervasive scarcity of high-fidelity traffic data and the difficulty in obtaining city-specific prior OD estimates (or seed ODs), which are often prerequisite for traditional approaches. Our proposed method directly estimates OD travel demand by systematically leveraging aggregated, anonymiz…

H-RDT: Human Manipulation Enhanced Bimanual Robotic Manipulation
Hongzhe Bi, Lingxuan Wu, Tianwei Lin, Hengkai Tan, Zhizhong Su, Hang Su, Jun Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23523

H-RDT: Human Manipulation Enhanced Bimanual Robotic Manipulation
Imitation learning for robotic manipulation faces a fundamental challenge: the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality robot demonstration data. Recent robotic foundation models often pre-train on cross-embodiment robot datasets to increase data scale, while they face significant limitations as the diverse morphologies and action spaces across different robot embodiments make unified training challenging. In this paper, we present H-RDT (Human to Robotics Diffusion Transformer), a novel approach …

Improving vulnerability type prediction and line-level detection via adversarial training-based data augmentation and multi-task learning
Siyu Chen, Jiongyi Yang, Xiang Chen, Menglin Zheng, Minnan Wei, Xiaolin Ju
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23534

Improving vulnerability type prediction and line-level detection via adversarial training-based data augmentation and multi-task learning
Context: Software vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to modern software systems, as evidenced by the growing number of reported vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. These escalating trends underscore the urgent need for effective approaches that can automatically detect and understand software vulnerabilities. Objective: However, the scarcity of labeled samples and the class imbalance issue in vulnerability datasets present significant challenges for both Vulnerability Type Prediction (VTP)…

pyMEAL: A Multi-Encoder Augmentation-Aware Learning for Robust and Generalizable Medical Image Translation
Abdul-mojeed Olabisi Ilyas, Adeleke Maradesa, Jamal Banzi, Jianpan Huang, Henry K. F. Mak, Kannie W. Y. Chan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24421

pyMEAL: A Multi-Encoder Augmentation-Aware Learning for Robust and Generalizable Medical Image Translation
Medical imaging is critical for diagnostics, but clinical adoption of advanced AI-driven imaging faces challenges due to patient variability, image artifacts, and limited model generalization. While deep learning has transformed image analysis, 3D medical imaging still suffers from data scarcity and inconsistencies due to acquisition protocols, scanner differences, and patient motion. Traditional augmentation uses a single pipeline for all transformations, disregarding the unique traits of each…

Thanks to @… for this intriguing thought experiment: what if economics is wrong in its assumption of 'scarcity'? https://yewtu.be/watch?v=YR2FcHoQLlU or

Advancing Fetal Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment in Low-Resource Settings
Dongli He, Hu Wang, Mohammad Yaqub
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22802 https://ar…

Advancing Fetal Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment in Low-Resource Settings
Accurate fetal biometric measurements, such as abdominal circumference, play a vital role in prenatal care. However, obtaining high-quality ultrasound images for these measurements heavily depends on the expertise of sonographers, posing a significant challenge in low-income countries due to the scarcity of trained personnel. To address this issue, we leverage FetalCLIP, a vision-language model pretrained on a curated dataset of over 210,000 fetal ultrasound image-caption pairs, to perform auto…

The Narrow Formation Pathway of Hot Saturns: Constraints on Initial Planetary Properties
Minghao Xie, Sheng Jin, Dong-Hong Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23148

The Narrow Formation Pathway of Hot Saturns: Constraints on Initial Planetary Properties
The observed exoplanet population exhibits a scarcity of short-period Saturn-mass planets, a phenomenon referred to as the ``hot Saturn desert". This observational scarcity can be utilized to validate the theories regarding the formation and evolution of gas planets. In this study, we conduct large-scale numerical simulations to explore how the initial conditions of gas planets orbiting solar-type and M-dwarf stars influence their evolutionary trajectories in the semi-major axis versus planetar…

#DegrowthOslo25 Livestream now.
https://isee-degrowth2025.no/live-stream
Sizing sufficiency: Contested framings of scarcity and limits.
Inge RŸpke first.
Long t…

BALSAM: A Platform for Benchmarking Arabic Large Language Models
Rawan Al-Matham, Kareem Darwish, Raghad Al-Rasheed, Waad Alshammari, Muneera Alhoshan, Amal Almazrua, Asma Al Wazrah, Mais Alheraki, Firoj Alam, Preslav Nakov, Norah Alzahrani, Eman alBilali, Nizar Habash, Abdelrahman El-Sheikh, Muhammad Elmallah, Haonan Li, Hamdy Mubarak, Mohamed Anwar, Zaid Alyafeai, Ahmed Abdelali, Nora Altwairesh, Maram Hasanain, Abdulmohsen Al Thubaity, Shady Shehata, Bashar Alhafni, Injy Hamed, Go I…

BALSAM: A Platform for Benchmarking Arabic Large Language Models
The impressive advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in English has not been matched across all languages. In particular, LLM performance in Arabic lags behind, due to data scarcity, linguistic diversity of Arabic and its dialects, morphological complexity, etc. Progress is further hindered by the quality of Arabic benchmarks, which typically rely on static, publicly available data, lack comprehensive task coverage, or do not provide dedicated platforms with blind test sets. This makes it…

Bridging Synthetic and Real-World Domains: A Human-in-the-Loop Weakly-Supervised Framework for Industrial Toxic Emission Segmentation
Yida Tao, Yen-Chia Hsu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22002

Bridging Synthetic and Real-World Domains: A Human-in-the-Loop Weakly-Supervised Framework for Industrial Toxic Emission Segmentation
Industrial smoke segmentation is critical for air-quality monitoring and environmental protection but is often hampered by the high cost and scarcity of pixel-level annotations in real-world settings. We introduce CEDANet, a human-in-the-loop, class-aware domain adaptation framework that uniquely integrates weak, citizen-provided video-level labels with adversarial feature alignment. Specifically, we refine pseudo-labels generated by a source-trained segmentation model using citizen votes, and …

IIb or not IIb: A Catalog of ZTF Kilonova Imposters
Tyler Barna, Christoffer Fremling, Tomas Ahumada, Igor Andreoni, Smaranika Banerjee, Joshua S. Bloom, Mattia Bulla, Tracy X. Chen, Michael W. Coughlin, Tim Dietrich, Xander J. Hall, Alexandra Junell, Ben Rusholme, Jesper Sollerman, Niharika Sravan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.159…

IIb or not IIb: A Catalog of ZTF Kilonova Imposters
Among the various classes of fast optical transients (FOTs), kilonovae (KNe), which can emerge as a result of neutron star mergers, are extremely challenging to observe because of not only the rapid timescale on which they fade (on the order of days), but also due to the relative scarcity of their occurrence. This scarcity is compounded by the large number of other FOTs that may initially resemble the characteristic rise of a KNe. While these objects can be ruled out as candidate KNe by taking …

Packet-Level DDoS Data Augmentation Using Dual-Stream Temporal-Field Diffusion
Gongli Xi, Ye Tian, Yannan Hu, Yuchao Zhang, Yapeng Niu, Xiangyang Gong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20115

Packet-Level DDoS Data Augmentation Using Dual-Stream Temporal-Field Diffusion
In response to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, recent research efforts increasingly rely on Machine Learning (ML)-based solutions, whose effectiveness largely depends on the quality of labeled training datasets. To address the scarcity of such datasets, data augmentation with synthetic traces is often employed. However, current synthetic trace generation methods struggle to capture the complex temporal patterns and spatial distributions exhibited in emerging DDoS attacks. This res…

LesionGen: A Concept-Guided Diffusion Model for Dermatology Image Synthesis
Jamil Fayyad, Nourhan Bayasi, Ziyang Yu, Homayoun Najjaran
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23001 https://

LesionGen: A Concept-Guided Diffusion Model for Dermatology Image Synthesis
Deep learning models for skin disease classification require large, diverse, and well-annotated datasets. However, such resources are often limited due to privacy concerns, high annotation costs, and insufficient demographic representation. While text-to-image diffusion probabilistic models (T2I-DPMs) offer promise for medical data synthesis, their use in dermatology remains underexplored, largely due to the scarcity of rich textual descriptions in existing skin image datasets. In this work, we…

SAGE: Spliced-Audio Generated Data for Enhancing Foundational Models in Low-Resource Arabic-English Code-Switched Speech Recognition
Muhammad Umar Farooq, Oscar Saz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22143

SAGE: Spliced-Audio Generated Data for Enhancing Foundational Models in Low-Resource Arabic-English Code-Switched Speech Recognition
This paper investigates the performance of various speech SSL models on dialectal Arabic (DA) and Arabic-English code-switched (CS) speech. To address data scarcity, a modified audio-splicing approach is introduced to generate artificial CS speech data. Fine-tuning an already fine-tuned SSL model with the proposed Spliced-Audio Generated (SAGE) data results in an absolute improvement on Word Error Rate (WER) of 7.8% on Arabic and English CS benchmarks. Additionally, an Experience Replay (ER) in…

ViRN: Variational Inference and Distribution Trilateration for Long-Tailed Continual Representation Learning
Hao Dai, Chong Tang, Jagmohan Chauhan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17368

ViRN: Variational Inference and Distribution Trilateration for Long-Tailed Continual Representation Learning
Continual learning (CL) with long-tailed data distributions remains a critical challenge for real-world AI systems, where models must sequentially adapt to new classes while retaining knowledge of old ones, despite severe class imbalance. Existing methods struggle to balance stability and plasticity, often collapsing under extreme sample scarcity. To address this, we propose ViRN, a novel CL framework that integrates variational inference (VI) with distributional trilateration for robust long-t…

Some excellent talks in #DH2025 LP-07 on 'What Happens When "Hacking" Becomes Easy? Teaching Python in 2025'
Filipa (?): 'A claim about abundance in the future is often a disguised claim about scarcity in the present'
Patrick: 'what do we do when our students can reach for a 'not learning' button? Things that could have been done at home may need …

BlastDiffusion: A Latent Diffusion Model for Generating Synthetic Embryo Images to Address Data Scarcity in In Vitro Fertilization
Alejandro Golfe, Natalia P. Garc\'ia-de-la-puente, Adri\'an Colomer, Valery Naranjo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13843

BlastDiffusion: A Latent Diffusion Model for Generating Synthetic Embryo Images to Address Data Scarcity in In Vitro Fertilization
Accurately identifying oocytes that progress to the blastocyst stage is crucial in reproductive medicine, but the limited availability of annotated high-quality embryo images presents challenges for developing automated diagnostic tools. To address this, we propose BlastDiffusion, a generative model based on Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) that synthesizes realistic oocyte images conditioned on developmental outcomes. Our approach utilizes a pretrained Variational Autoencoder (VAE) for latent sp…

De taart staat in de oven:
NYT Cooking: Blueberry Crumb Cake
https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1015511-blueberry-crumb-cake?smid=ck-recipe-android-share
> It’s easy to find an occasion to serve this cake — b…

Blueberry Crumb Cake Recipe
It’s easy to find an occasion to serve this cake — breakfast, brunch, lunch, dinner or snacktime will do. The dominant flavor here is the berries. Don’t be tempted to increase the amount of walnuts in the topping — scarcity makes them even more delightful.

SynthCTI: LLM-Driven Synthetic CTI Generation to enhance MITRE Technique Mapping
\'Alvaro Ruiz-R\'odenas, Jaime Pujante S\'aez, Daniel Garc\'ia-Algora, Mario Rodr\'iguez B\'ejar, Jorge Blasco, Jos\'e Luis Hern\'andez-Ramos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16852

SynthCTI: LLM-Driven Synthetic CTI Generation to enhance MITRE Technique Mapping
Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) mining involves extracting structured insights from unstructured threat data, enabling organizations to understand and respond to evolving adversarial behavior. A key task in CTI mining is mapping threat descriptions to MITRE ATT\&CK techniques. However, this process is often performed manually, requiring expert knowledge and substantial effort. Automated approaches face two major challenges: the scarcity of high-quality labeled CTI data and class imbalance, wher…

In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems
Borja Pons Torres, Iv\'an Sala Mira, Clara Furi\'o-Novejarque, Ricardo Sanz, Pedro Garc\'ia, Jos\'e-Luis D\'iez, Jorge Bondia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17790

In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems
Pramlintide's capability to delay gastric emptying has motivated its use in artificial pancreas systems, accompanying insulin as a control action. Due to the scarcity of pramlintide simulation models in the literature, in silico testing of insulin-plus-pramlintide strategies is not widely used. This work incorporates a recent pramlintide pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model into the T1DM UVA/Padova simulator to adjust and validate four insulin-plus-pramlintide control algorithms. The proposa…

From High-SNR Radar Signal to ECG: A Transfer Learning Model with Cardio-Focusing Algorithm for Scenarios with Limited Data
Yuanyuan Zhang, Haocheng Zhao, Sijie Xiong, Rui Yang, Eng Gee Lim, Yutao Yue
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19358

From High-SNR Radar Signal to ECG: A Transfer Learning Model with Cardio-Focusing Algorithm for Scenarios with Limited Data
Electrocardiogram (ECG), as a crucial find-grained cardiac feature, has been successfully recovered from radar signals in the literature, but the performance heavily relies on the high-quality radar signal and numerous radar-ECG pairs for training, restricting the applications in new scenarios due to data scarcity. Therefore, this work will focus on radar-based ECG recovery in new scenarios with limited data and propose a cardio-focusing and -tracking (CFT) algorithm to precisely track the card…

Is Exchangeability better than I.I.D to handle Data Distribution Shifts while Pooling Data for Data-scarce Medical image segmentation?
Ayush Roy, Samin Enam, Jun Xia, Vishnu Suresh Lokhande, Won Hwa Kim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19575

Is Exchangeability better than I.I.D to handle Data Distribution Shifts while Pooling Data for Data-scarce Medical image segmentation?
Data scarcity is a major challenge in medical imaging, particularly for deep learning models. While data pooling (combining datasets from multiple sources) and data addition (adding more data from a new dataset) have been shown to enhance model performance, they are not without complications. Specifically, increasing the size of the training dataset through pooling or addition can induce distributional shifts, negatively affecting downstream model performance, a phenomenon known as the "Data Ad…

BotTrans: A Multi-Source Graph Domain Adaptation Approach for Social Bot Detection
Boshen Shi, Yongqing Wang, Fangda Guo, Jiangli Shao, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13795

BotTrans: A Multi-Source Graph Domain Adaptation Approach for Social Bot Detection
Transferring extensive knowledge from relevant social networks has emerged as a promising solution to overcome label scarcity in detecting social bots and other anomalies with GNN-based models. However, effective transfer faces two critical challenges. Firstly, the network heterophily problem, which is caused by bots hiding malicious behaviors via indiscriminately interacting with human users, hinders the model's ability to learn sufficient and accurate bot-related knowledge from source domains…

Hybrid Deep Learning and Signal Processing for Arabic Dialect Recognition in Low-Resource Settings
Ghazal Al-Shwayyat, Omer Nezih Gerek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21386

Hybrid Deep Learning and Signal Processing for Arabic Dialect Recognition in Low-Resource Settings
Arabic dialect recognition presents a significant challenge in speech technology due to the linguistic diversity of Arabic and the scarcity of large annotated datasets, particularly for underrepresented dialects. This research investigates hybrid modeling strategies that integrate classical signal processing techniques with deep learning architectures to address this problem in low-resource scenarios. Two hybrid models were developed and evaluated: (1) Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)…

We can have a world of abundance for all now. We have the tools, techniques and technology. What we don't have is the politcal will. Politics have been completely taken over by the billionaires and their Republican Henchmen. They are working to ensure they can force artificial scarcity down our throats while they rack up more power and steal all the resources that really belong to us all.
#AbundanceForAll #Abundanista
https://danafblankenhorn.substack.com/p/the-implications-of-abundance

A Vision for Trustworthy, Fair, and Efficient Socio-Technical Control using Karma Economies
Ezzat Elokda, Andrea Censi, Emilio Frazzoli, Florian D\"orfler, Saverio Bolognani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17115

A Vision for Trustworthy, Fair, and Efficient Socio-Technical Control using Karma Economies
Control systems will play a pivotal role in addressing societal-scale challenges as they drive the development of sustainable future smart cities. At the heart of these challenges is the trustworthy, fair, and efficient allocation of scarce public resources, including renewable energy, transportation, data, computation, etc.. Historical evidence suggests that monetary control -- the prototypical mechanism for managing resource scarcity -- is not always well-accepted in socio-technical resource …

Exploring the Masses of the Two Most Distant Gravitational Lensing Clusters at the Cosmic Noon
Jinhyub Kim, M. James Jee, Stefano Andreon, Tony Mroczkowski, Lance Miller, Joshiwa van Marrewijk, Hye Gyeong Khim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16925

Exploring the Masses of the Two Most Distant Gravitational Lensing Clusters at the Cosmic Noon
Observations over the past decade have shown that galaxy clusters undergo the most transformative changes during the $z = 1.5 - 2$ epoch. However, challenges such as low lensing efficiency, high shape measurement uncertainty, and a scarcity of background galaxies have prevented us from characterizing their masses with weak gravitational lensing (WL) beyond the redshift $z\sim1.75$. In this paper, we report the successful WL detection of JKCS 041 and XLSSC 122 at $z=1.80$ and $z=1.98$, respectiv…

DreamCube: 3D Panorama Generation via Multi-plane Synchronization
Yukun Huang, Yanning Zhou, Jianan Wang, Kaiyi Huang, Xihui Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17206

DreamCube: 3D Panorama Generation via Multi-plane Synchronization
3D panorama synthesis is a promising yet challenging task that demands high-quality and diverse visual appearance and geometry of the generated omnidirectional content. Existing methods leverage rich image priors from pre-trained 2D foundation models to circumvent the scarcity of 3D panoramic data, but the incompatibility between 3D panoramas and 2D single views limits their effectiveness. In this work, we demonstrate that by applying multi-plane synchronization to the operators from 2D foundat…

Universal parameters of the $\Lambda(1380)$, the $\Lambda(1405)$ and their isospin partners from a combined analysis of Lattice QCD and experimental results
Ferenc Pittler, Maxim Mai, Ulf-G. Mei{\ss}ner, Ryan F. Ferguson, Peter Hurck, David G. Ireland, Bryan McKinnon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14283

Universal parameters of the $Λ(1380)$, the $Λ(1405)$ and their isospin partners from a combined analysis of Lattice QCD and experimental results
We perform a global analysis of lattice and experimental data on negative-strangeness meson-baryon scattering using a large set of variations of the theoretical framework based on the Chiral Unitary Approach. For the former, the Lüscher formalism is utilized taking into account all pertinent coupled-channel effects. Through this, systematic uncertainties related to data scarcity, potential ambiguities, and possible framework dependence are quantified for the first time. The implementation of i…

Use Property-Based Testing to Bridge LLM Code Generation and Validation
Lehan He, Zeren Chen, Zhe Zhang, Jing Shao, Xiang Gao, Lu Sheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18315

Use Property-Based Testing to Bridge LLM Code Generation and Validation
Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation, but ensuring their outputs to be functionally correct, especially in complex programming tasks, is a persistent challenge. While traditional Test-Driven Development (TDD) offers a path for code refinement, its efficacy with LLMs is often undermined by the scarcity of high-quality test cases or the pitfalls of automated test generation, including biased tests or inaccurate output predictions that can misdirect the correction process. This pa…

Physical parameter regression from black hole images via a multiscale adaptive neural network
Jialei Wei, Ao Liu, Dejiang Li, Cuihong Wen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15910

Physical parameter regression from black hole images via a multiscale adaptive neural network
High-precision regression of physical parameters from black hole images generated by General Relativistic Ray Tracing (GRRT) is essential for investigating spacetime curvature and advancing black hole astrophysics. However, due to limitations in observational resolution, high observational costs, and imbalanced distributions of positive and negative samples, black hole images often suffer from data scarcity, sparse parameter spaces, and complex structural characteristics. These factors pose sig…

Music-Aligned Holistic 3D Dance Generation via Hierarchical Motion Modeling
Xiaojie Li, Ronghui Li, Shukai Fang, Shuzhao Xie, Xiaoyang Guo, Jiaqing Zhou, Junkun Peng, Zhi Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14915

Music-Aligned Holistic 3D Dance Generation via Hierarchical Motion Modeling
Well-coordinated, music-aligned holistic dance enhances emotional expressiveness and audience engagement. However, generating such dances remains challenging due to the scarcity of holistic 3D dance datasets, the difficulty of achieving cross-modal alignment between music and dance, and the complexity of modeling interdependent motion across the body, hands, and face. To address these challenges, we introduce SoulDance, a high-precision music-dance paired dataset captured via professional motio…

DRARL: Disengagement-Reason-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Improvement of Autonomous Driving Policy
Weitao Zhou, Bo Zhang, Zhong Cao, Xiang Li, Qian Cheng, Chunyang Liu, Yaqin Zhang, Diange Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16720

DRARL: Disengagement-Reason-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Improvement of Autonomous Driving Policy
With the increasing presence of automated vehicles on open roads under driver supervision, disengagement cases are becoming more prevalent. While some data-driven planning systems attempt to directly utilize these disengagement cases for policy improvement, the inherent scarcity of disengagement data (often occurring as a single instances) restricts training effectiveness. Furthermore, some disengagement data should be excluded since the disengagement may not always come from the failure of dri…

The Impact of Shared Telecom Infrastructure on Digital Connectivity and Inclusion
Georges V. Houngbonon, Marc Ivaldi, Emil Palikot, Davide Strusani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19693

The Impact of Shared Telecom Infrastructure on Digital Connectivity and Inclusion
Nearly half the world remains offline, and capital scarcity stalls new network buildouts. Sharing existing mobile towers could accelerate connectivity. We assemble data on 107 tower-sharing deals in 28 low-income countries (2008-20) and estimate staggered difference-in-differences effects. Two years after a transaction covering over 1,000 towers, the PPP-adjusted mobile-price index falls USD 1.60 (s.e. 1.10) from a baseline of USD 3.16, while data prices drop USD 1.00 (0.29), baseline USD 3.41 …

Clustering Tails in High Dimension
Liujun Chen, Marco Oesting, Chen Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19414 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.…

Clustering Tails in High Dimension
One potential solution to combat the scarcity of tail observations in extreme value analysis is to integrate information from multiple datasets sharing similar tail properties, for instance, a common extreme value index. In other words, for a multivariate dataset, we intend to group dimensions into clusters first, before applying any pooling techniques. This paper addresses the clustering problem for a high dimensional dataset, according to their extreme value indices. We propose an iterative…

LLM-Driven Data Generation and a Novel Soft Metric for Evaluating Text-to-SQL in Aviation MRO
Patrick Sutanto, Jonathan Kenrick, Max Lorenz, Joan Santoso
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13785

LLM-Driven Data Generation and a Novel Soft Metric for Evaluating Text-to-SQL in Aviation MRO
The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to text-to-SQL tasks promises to democratize data access, particularly in critical industries like aviation Maintenance, Repair, and Operation (MRO). However, progress is hindered by two key challenges: the rigidity of conventional evaluation metrics such as execution accuracy, which offer coarse, binary feedback, and the scarcity of domain-specific evaluation datasets. This paper addresses these gaps. To enable more nuanced assessment, we introdu…

Semi-supervised classification of Stars, Galaxies and Quasars using K-means and Random Forest
Vahid Asadi, Hosein Haghi, Akram Hasani Zonoozi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14072

Semi-supervised classification of Stars, Galaxies and Quasars using K-means and Random Forest
Classifying stars, galaxies, and quasars is essential for understanding cosmic structure and evolution, but the vast data from modern surveys make manual classification impractical, while supervised learning methods remain constrained by the scarcity of labeled spectroscopic data. We aim to develop a scalable, label-efficient method for astronomical classification by leveraging semi-supervised learning (SSL) to overcome the limitations of fully supervised approaches. We propose a novel SSL fram…

From Generality to Mastery: Composer-Style Symbolic Music Generation via Large-Scale Pre-training
Mingyang Yao, Ke Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17497 ht…

From Generality to Mastery: Composer-Style Symbolic Music Generation via Large-Scale Pre-training
Despite progress in controllable symbolic music generation, data scarcity remains a challenge for certain control modalities. Composer-style music generation is a prime example, as only a few pieces per composer are available, limiting the modeling of both styles and fundamental music elements (e.g., melody, chord, rhythm). In this paper, we investigate how general music knowledge learned from a broad corpus can enhance the mastery of specific composer styles, with a focus on piano piece genera…

SkinDualGen: Prompt-Driven Diffusion for Simultaneous Image-Mask Generation in Skin Lesions
Zhaobin Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19970 https://arxiv.org/p…

SkinDualGen: Prompt-Driven Diffusion for Simultaneous Image-Mask Generation in Skin Lesions
Medical image analysis plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of diseases such as skin lesions. However, the scarcity of data and the class imbalance significantly hinder the performance of deep learning models. We propose a novel method that leverages the pretrained Stable Diffusion-2.0 model to generate high-quality synthetic skin lesion images and corresponding segmentation masks. This approach augments training datasets for classification and segmentation tasks. We adapt Stable Diffusi…

Modeling and Visualization Reasoning for Stakeholders in Education and Industry Integration Systems: Research on Structured Synthetic Dialogue Data Generation Based on NIST Standards
Wei Meng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16952

Modeling and Visualization Reasoning for Stakeholders in Education and Industry Integration Systems: Research on Structured Synthetic Dialogue Data Generation Based on NIST Standards
This study addresses the structural complexity and semantic ambiguity in stakeholder interactions within the Education-Industry Integration (EII) system. The scarcity of real interview data, absence of structured variable modeling, and lack of interpretability in inference mechanisms have limited the analytical accuracy and policy responsiveness of EII research. To resolve these challenges, we propose a structural modeling paradigm based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NI…

Leveraging Transfer Learning to Overcome Data Limitations in Czochralski Crystal Growth
Milena Petkovic, Natasha Dropka, Xia Tang, Janina Zittel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18774

Leveraging Transfer Learning to Overcome Data Limitations in Czochralski Crystal Growth
The Czochralski (Cz) method is a widely used process for growing high-quality single crystals, critical for applications in semiconductors, optics, and advanced materials. Achieving optimal growth conditions requires precise control of process and furnace design parameters. Still, data scarcity -- especially for new materials -- limits the application of machine learning (ML) in predictive modeling and optimization. This study proposes a transfer learning approach to overcome this limitation by…

ICWLM: A Multi-Task Wireless Large Model via In-Context Learning
Yuxuan Wen, Xiaoming Chen, Maojun Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18167 https://

ICWLM: A Multi-Task Wireless Large Model via In-Context Learning
The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies, particularly massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) and millimeter-wave (mmWave), introduces significant network complexity and computational demands. Significant research efforts have been made to improve physical layer performance by resorting to deep learning (DL) methods, which, however, are usually task-specific and struggle with data scarcity and generalization. To address these challenges, we propose a novel In-Context W…

Very excited about this! Code to access GRIN will help lots of Google Books partners, and the example might open other doors, as well as the obvious benefits of access to data!
'Institutional Books 1.0: A 242B token dataset from Harvard Library's collections, refined for accuracy and usability' https://arxiv.org/abs/2506…

Institutional Books 1.0: A 242B token dataset from Harvard Library's collections, refined for accuracy and usability
Large language models (LLMs) use data to learn about the world in order to produce meaningful correlations and predictions. As such, the nature, scale, quality, and diversity of the datasets used to train these models, or to support their work at inference time, have a direct impact on their quality. The rapid development and adoption of LLMs of varying quality has brought into focus the scarcity of publicly available, high-quality training data and revealed an urgent need to ground the steward…

Alleviating Attack Data Scarcity: SCANIA's Experience Towards Enhancing In-Vehicle Cyber Security Measures
Frida Sundfeldt, Bianca Widstam, Mahshid Helali Moghadam, Kuo-Yun Liang, Anders Vesterberg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02607

Alleviating Attack Data Scarcity: SCANIA's Experience Towards Enhancing In-Vehicle Cyber Security Measures
The digital evolution of connected vehicles and the subsequent security risks emphasize the critical need for implementing in-vehicle cyber security measures such as intrusion detection and response systems. The continuous advancement of attack scenarios further highlights the need for adaptive detection mechanisms that can detect evolving, unknown, and complex threats. The effective use of ML-driven techniques can help address this challenge. However, constraints on implementing diverse attack…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.20580 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csIR_…

Coherence-guided Preference Disentanglement for Cross-domain Recommendations
Discovering user preferences across different domains is pivotal in cross-domain recommendation systems, particularly when platforms lack comprehensive user-item interactive data. The limited presence of shared users often hampers the effective modeling of common preferences. While leveraging shared items' attributes, such as category and popularity, can enhance cross-domain recommendation performance, the scarcity of shared items between domains has limited research in this area. To address th…

Self-Adaptive and Robust Federated Spectrum Sensing without Benign Majority for Cellular Networks
Ngoc Duy Pham, Thusitha Dayaratne, Viet Vo, Shangqi Lai, Sharif Abuadbba, Hajime Suzuki, Xingliang Yuan, Carsten Rudolph
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12127

Self-Adaptive and Robust Federated Spectrum Sensing without Benign Majority for Cellular Networks
Advancements in wireless and mobile technologies, including 5G advanced and the envisioned 6G, are driving exponential growth in wireless devices. However, this rapid expansion exacerbates spectrum scarcity, posing a critical challenge. Dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA)--which relies on sensing and dynamically sharing spectrum--has emerged as an essential solution to address this issue. While machine learning (ML) models hold significant potential for improving spectrum sensing, their adoption …

Emergent Softening and Stiffening Dictate Transport of Active Filaments
Bipul Biswas, Prasanna More, Hima Nagamanasa Kandula
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08535

Emergent Softening and Stiffening Dictate Transport of Active Filaments
Active semiflexible filaments are crucial in various biophysical processes, yet insights into their single-filament behavior have predominantly relied on theory and simulations, owing to the scarcity of controllable synthetic systems. Here, we present an experimental platform of active semiflexible filaments composed of dielectric colloidal particles, activated by an alternating electric field that induces contractile or extensile electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows. Our experiments reveal that con…

ScaleRTL: Scaling LLMs with Reasoning Data and Test-Time Compute for Accurate RTL Code Generation
Chenhui Deng, Yun-Da Tsai, Guan-Ting Liu, Zhongzhi Yu, Haoxing Ren
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05566

ScaleRTL: Scaling LLMs with Reasoning Data and Test-Time Compute for Accurate RTL Code Generation
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled near-human performance on software coding benchmarks, but their effectiveness in RTL code generation remains limited due to the scarcity of high-quality training data. While prior efforts have fine-tuned LLMs for RTL tasks, they do not fundamentally overcome the data bottleneck and lack support for test-time scaling due to their non-reasoning nature. In this work, we introduce ScaleRTL, the first reasoning LLM for RTL coding that scal…

EdgeVLA: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models
Pawe{\l} Budzianowski, Wesley Maa, Matthew Freed, Jingxiang Mo, Winston Hsiao, Aaron Xie, Tomasz M{\l}oduchowski, Viraj Tipnis, Benjamin Bolte
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14049

EdgeVLA: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the data scarcity challenge in robotics, enabling the development of generalizable visuomotor control policies. While models like OpenVLA showcase the potential of this paradigm, deploying large-scale VLMs on resource-constrained mobile manipulation systems remains a significant hurdle. This paper introduces Edge VLA (EVLA), a novel approach designed to significantly enhance the inference speed of Vision-Language-Acti…

Enhancing Remote Sensing Vision-Language Models Through MLLM and LLM-Based High-Quality Image-Text Dataset Generation
Yiguo He, Junjie Zhu, Yiying Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, Chunping Qiu, Jun Wang, Qiangjuan Huang, Ke Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16716

Enhancing Remote Sensing Vision-Language Models Through MLLM and LLM-Based High-Quality Image-Text Dataset Generation
The application of Vision-language foundation models (VLFMs) to remote sensing (RS) imagery has garnered significant attention due to their superior capability in various downstream tasks. A key challenge lies in the scarcity of high-quality, large-scale, image-text paired training data. Recently, several works introduced extensive image-text datasets for RS and trained their VLFMs. However, due to the rudimentary methods used for generating captions, the quality of datasets is suboptimal, requ…

Leveraging Synthetic Data for Question Answering with Multilingual LLMs in the Agricultural Domain
Rishemjit Kaur, Arshdeep Singh Bhankhar, Surangika Ranathunga, Jashanpreet Singh Salh, Sudhir Rajput, Vidhi, Kashish Mahendra, Bhavika Berwal, Ritesh Kumar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16974…

Leveraging Synthetic Data for Question Answering with Multilingual LLMs in the Agricultural Domain
Enabling farmers to access accurate agriculture-related information in their native languages in a timely manner is crucial for the success of the agriculture field. Although large language models (LLMs) can be used to implement Question Answering (QA) systems, simply using publicly available general-purpose LLMs in agriculture typically offer generic advisories, lacking precision in local and multilingual contexts due to insufficient domain-specific training and scarcity of high-quality, regio…

Joint Resource Optimization Over Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum in Spectrum Sharing UAV Networks Against Jamming Attacks
Rui Ding, Fuhui Zhou, Yuhang Wu, Qihui Wu, Tony Q. S. Quek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17261

Joint Resource Optimization Over Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum in Spectrum Sharing UAV Networks Against Jamming Attacks
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is of crucial importance in realizing heterogeneous practical wireless application scenarios. However, the densely populated users and diverse services with high data rate demands has triggered an increasing scarcity of UAV spectrum utilization. To tackle this problem, it is promising to incorporate the underutilized unlicensed spectrum with the licensed spectrum to boost network capacity. However, the openness of unlicensed spectrum makes UAVs suscep…

Towards Visualizing Electronic Medical Records via Natural Language Queries
Haodi Zhang, Siqi Ning, Qiyong Zheng, Jinyin Nie, Liangjie Zhang, Weicheng Wang, Yuanfeng Song
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12837

Towards Visualizing Electronic Medical Records via Natural Language Queries
Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain essential data for patient care and clinical research. With the diversity of structured and unstructured data in EHR, data visualization is an invaluable tool for managing and explaining these complexities. However, the scarcity of relevant medical visualization data and the high cost of manual annotation required to develop such datasets pose significant challenges to advancing medical visualization techniques. To address this issue, we propose an inno…

Mitigating Multi-Sequence 3D Prostate MRI Data Scarcity through Domain Adaptation using Locally-Trained Latent Diffusion Models for Prostate Cancer Detection
Emerson P. Grabke, Babak Taati, Masoom A. Haider
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06384

Mitigating Multi-Sequence 3D Prostate MRI Data Scarcity through Domain Adaptation using Locally-Trained Latent Diffusion Models for Prostate Cancer Detection
Objective: Latent diffusion models (LDMs) could mitigate data scarcity challenges affecting machine learning development for medical image interpretation. The recent CCELLA LDM improved prostate cancer detection performance using synthetic MRI for classifier training but was limited to the axial T2-weighted (AxT2) sequence, did not investigate inter-institutional domain shift, and prioritized radiology over histopathology outcomes. We propose CCELLA++ to address these limitations and improve cl…

Fully Few-shot Class-incremental Audio Classification Using Multi-level Embedding Extractor and Ridge Regression Classifier
Yongjie Si, Yanxiong Li, Jiaxin Tan, Qianhua He, Il-Youp Kwak
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18406

Fully Few-shot Class-incremental Audio Classification Using Multi-level Embedding Extractor and Ridge Regression Classifier
In the task of Few-shot Class-incremental Audio Classification (FCAC), training samples of each base class are required to be abundant to train model. However, it is not easy to collect abundant training samples for many base classes due to data scarcity and high collection cost. We discuss a more realistic issue, Fully FCAC (FFCAC), in which training samples of both base and incremental classes are only a few. Furthermore, we propose a FFCAC method using a model which is decoupled into a multi…

Continued domain-specific pre-training of protein language models for pMHC-I binding prediction
Sergio E. Mares, Ariel Espinoza Weinberger, Nilah M. Ioannidis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13077

Continued domain-specific pre-training of protein language models for pMHC-I binding prediction
Predicting peptide--major histocompatibility complex I (pMHC-I) binding affinity remains challenging due to extreme allelic diversity ($\sim$30,000 HLA alleles), severe data scarcity for most alleles, and noisy experimental measurements. Current methods particularly struggle with underrepresented alleles and quantitative binding prediction. We test whether domain-specific continued pre-training of protein language models is beneficial for their application to pMHC-I binding affinity prediction.…

The Post Science Paradigm of Scientific Discovery in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Modelling the Collapse of Ideation Costs, Epistemic Inversion, and the End of Knowledge Scarcity
Christian William Callaghan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07019

The Post Science Paradigm of Scientific Discovery in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Modelling the Collapse of Ideation Costs, Epistemic Inversion, and the End of Knowledge Scarcity
This paper develops a theoretical and formal response to the collapse in the marginal cost of ideation caused by artificial intelligence (AI). In challenging the foundational assumption of knowledge scarcity, the paper argues that the key economic constraint is no longer the generation of ideas, but the alignment of ideation with the recursive structure of human needs. Building on previous work, we further develop Experiential Matrix Theory (EMT), a framework that models innovation as a recursi…

One-shot Face Sketch Synthesis in the Wild via Generative Diffusion Prior and Instruction Tuning
Han Wu, Junyao Li, Kangbo Zhao, Sen Zhang, Yukai Shi, Liang Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15312

One-shot Face Sketch Synthesis in the Wild via Generative Diffusion Prior and Instruction Tuning
Face sketch synthesis is a technique aimed at converting face photos into sketches. Existing face sketch synthesis research mainly relies on training with numerous photo-sketch sample pairs from existing datasets. However, these large-scale discriminative learning methods will have to face problems such as data scarcity and high human labor costs. Once the training data becomes scarce, their generative performance significantly degrades. In this paper, we propose a one-shot face sketch synthesi…

The Diversity of Exoplanetary Environments and the Search for Signs of Life Beyond Earth
Sara Seager, Janusz J. Petkowski, William Bains
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11690

The Diversity of Exoplanetary Environments and the Search for Signs of Life Beyond Earth
Thousands of exoplanets orbit nearby stars, showcasing a remarkable diversity in mass, size, and orbits. With the James Webb Space Telescope now operational, we are observing exoplanet atmospheres and aiming to reach down to small, habitable-zone exoplanets in search of signs of habitability and possibly even biosignature gases. Given the scarcity of targets, it is imperative to embrace the known diversity and consider the range of exoplanets that might host life. We review how Earth life inter…

Investigating Vulnerabilities and Defenses Against Audio-Visual Attacks: A Comprehensive Survey Emphasizing Multimodal Models
Jinming Wen, Xinyi Wu, Shuai Zhao, Yanhao Jia, Yuwen Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11521

Investigating Vulnerabilities and Defenses Against Audio-Visual Attacks: A Comprehensive Survey Emphasizing Multimodal Models
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which bridge the gap between audio-visual and natural language processing, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several audio-visual tasks. Despite the superior performance of MLLMs, the scarcity of high-quality audio-visual training data and computational resources necessitates the utilization of third-party data and open-source MLLMs, a trend that is increasingly observed in contemporary research. This prosperity masks significant security risks. E…

Mutual-Supervised Learning for Sequential-to-Parallel Code Translation
Changxin Ke, Rui Zhang, Shuo Wang, Li Ding, Guangli Li, Yuanbo Wen, Shuoming Zhang, Ruiyuan Xu, Jin Qin, Jiaming Guo, Chenxi Wang, Ling Li, Qi Guo, Yunji Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11153

Mutual-Supervised Learning for Sequential-to-Parallel Code Translation
The rise of GPU-based high-performance computing (HPC) has driven the widespread adoption of parallel programming models such as CUDA. Yet, the inherent complexity of parallel programming creates a demand for the automated sequential-to-parallel approaches. However, data scarcity poses a significant challenge for machine learning-based sequential-to-parallel code translation. Although recent back-translation methods show promise, they still fail to ensure functional equivalence in the translate…

Distribution-Level AirComp for Wireless Federated Learning under Data Scarcity and Heterogeneity
Jun-Pyo Hong, Hyowoon Seo, Kisong Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06090

Distribution-Level AirComp for Wireless Federated Learning under Data Scarcity and Heterogeneity
The conventional FL methods face critical challenges in realistic wireless edge networks, where training data is both limited and heterogeneous, often leading to unstable training and poor generalization. To address these challenges in a principled manner, we propose a novel wireless FL framework grounded in Bayesian inference. By virtue of the Bayesian approach, our framework captures model uncertainty by maintaining distributions over local weights and performs distribution-level aggregation …

Latent Action Diffusion for Cross-Embodiment Manipulation
Erik Bauer, Elvis Nava, Robert K. Katzschmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14608 https://

Latent Action Diffusion for Cross-Embodiment Manipulation
End-to-end learning approaches offer great potential for robotic manipulation, but their impact is constrained by data scarcity and heterogeneity across different embodiments. In particular, diverse action spaces across different end-effectors create barriers for cross-embodiment learning and skill transfer. We address this challenge through diffusion policies learned in a latent action space that unifies diverse end-effector actions. We first show that we can learn a semantically aligned laten…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03703 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csLG_…

Learning-at-Criticality in Large Language Models for Quantum Field Theory and Beyond
Fundamental physics often confronts complex symbolic problems with few guiding exemplars or established principles. While artificial intelligence (AI) offers promise, its typical need for vast datasets to learn from hinders its use in these information-scarce frontiers. We introduce learning at criticality (LaC), a reinforcement learning (RL) scheme that tunes Large Language Models (LLMs) to a sharp learning transition, addressing this information scarcity. At this transition, LLMs achieve peak…

UniRelight: Learning Joint Decomposition and Synthesis for Video Relighting
Kai He, Ruofan Liang, Jacob Munkberg, Jon Hasselgren, Nandita Vijaykumar, Alexander Keller, Sanja Fidler, Igor Gilitschenski, Zan Gojcic, Zian Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15673

UniRelight: Learning Joint Decomposition and Synthesis for Video Relighting
We address the challenge of relighting a single image or video, a task that demands precise scene intrinsic understanding and high-quality light transport synthesis. Existing end-to-end relighting models are often limited by the scarcity of paired multi-illumination data, restricting their ability to generalize across diverse scenes. Conversely, two-stage pipelines that combine inverse and forward rendering can mitigate data requirements but are susceptible to error accumulation and often fail …

Confidence-Based Self-Training for EMG-to-Speech: Leveraging Synthetic EMG for Robust Modeling
Xiaodan Chen, Xiaoxue Gao, Mathias Quoy, Alexandre Pitti, Nancy F. Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11862

Confidence-Based Self-Training for EMG-to-Speech: Leveraging Synthetic EMG for Robust Modeling
Voiced Electromyography (EMG)-to-Speech (V-ETS) models reconstruct speech from muscle activity signals, facilitating applications such as neurolaryngologic diagnostics. Despite its potential, the advancement of V-ETS is hindered by a scarcity of paired EMG-speech data. To address this, we propose a novel Confidence-based Multi-Speaker Self-training (CoM2S) approach, along with a newly curated Libri-EMG dataset. This approach leverages synthetic EMG data generated by a pre-trained model, followe…

Contrastive-KAN: A Semi-Supervised Intrusion Detection Framework for Cybersecurity with scarce Labeled Data
Mohammad Alikhani, Reza Kazemi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10808

Contrastive-KAN: A Semi-Supervised Intrusion Detection Framework for Cybersecurity with scarce Labeled Data
In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, cybersecurity and intrusion detection systems are vital for the secure and reliable operation of IoT and IIoT environments. A key challenge in this domain is the scarcity of labeled cyber-attack data, as most industrial systems operate under normal conditions. This data imbalance, combined with the high cost of annotation, hinders the effective training of machine learning models. Moreover, rapid detection of attacks is essential, especially in cr…

Latent Space Synergy: Text-Guided Data Augmentation for Direct Diffusion Biomedical Segmentation
Muhammad Aqeel, Maham Nazir, Zanxi Ruan, Francesco Setti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15361

Latent Space Synergy: Text-Guided Data Augmentation for Direct Diffusion Biomedical Segmentation
Medical image segmentation suffers from data scarcity, particularly in polyp detection where annotation requires specialized expertise. We present SynDiff, a framework combining text-guided synthetic data generation with efficient diffusion-based segmentation. Our approach employs latent diffusion models to generate clinically realistic synthetic polyps through text-conditioned inpainting, augmenting limited training data with semantically diverse samples. Unlike traditional diffusion methods r…

Fine-Grained Chinese Hate Speech Understanding: Span-Level Resources, Coded Term Lexicon, and Enhanced Detection Frameworks
Zewen Bai, Liang Yang, Shengdi Yin, Yuanyuan Sun, Hongfei Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11292

Fine-Grained Chinese Hate Speech Understanding: Span-Level Resources, Coded Term Lexicon, and Enhanced Detection Frameworks
The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to detect hateful comments on online platforms automatically. However, research on Chinese hate speech detection lags behind, and interpretability studies face two major challenges: first, the scarcity of span-level fine-grained annotated datasets limits models'…

Affogato: Learning Open-Vocabulary Affordance Grounding with Automated Data Generation at Scale
Junha Lee, Eunha Park, Chunghyun Park, Dahyun Kang, Minsu Cho
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12009

Affogato: Learning Open-Vocabulary Affordance Grounding with Automated Data Generation at Scale
Affordance grounding-localizing object regions based on natural language descriptions of interactions-is a critical challenge for enabling intelligent agents to understand and interact with their environments. However, this task remains challenging due to the need for fine-grained part-level localization, the ambiguity arising from multiple valid interaction regions, and the scarcity of large-scale datasets. In this work, we introduce Affogato, a large-scale benchmark comprising 150K instances,…

MultiTaskDeltaNet: Change Detection-based Image Segmentation for Operando ETEM with Application to Carbon Gasification Kinetics
Yushuo Niu, Tianyu Li, Yuanyuan Zhu, Qian Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16803

MultiTaskDeltaNet: Change Detection-based Image Segmentation for Operando ETEM with Application to Carbon Gasification Kinetics
Transforming in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging into a tool for spatially-resolved operando characterization of solid-state reactions requires automated, high-precision semantic segmentation of dynamically evolving features. However, traditional deep learning methods for semantic segmentation often encounter limitations due to the scarcity of labeled data, visually ambiguous features of interest, and small-object scenarios. To tackle these challenges, we introduce MultiTaskD…

Embedding-Based Federated Data Sharing via Differentially Private Conditional VAEs
Francesco Di Salvo, Hanh Huyen My Nguyen, Christian Ledig
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02671

Embedding-Based Federated Data Sharing via Differentially Private Conditional VAEs
Deep Learning (DL) has revolutionized medical imaging, yet its adoption is constrained by data scarcity and privacy regulations, limiting access to diverse datasets. Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training but suffers from high communication costs and is often restricted to a single downstream task, reducing flexibility. We propose a data-sharing method via Differentially Private (DP) generative models. By adopting foundation models, we extract compact, informative embeddings, re…

SimClass: A Classroom Speech Dataset Generated via Game Engine Simulation For Automatic Speech Recognition Research
Ahmed Adel Attia, Jing Liu, Carl Espy-Wilson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09206

SimClass: A Classroom Speech Dataset Generated via Game Engine Simulation For Automatic Speech Recognition Research
The scarcity of large-scale classroom speech data has hindered the development of AI-driven speech models for education. Public classroom datasets remain limited, and the lack of a dedicated classroom noise corpus prevents the use of standard data augmentation techniques. In this paper, we introduce a scalable methodology for synthesizing classroom noise using game engines, a framework that extends to other domains. Using this methodology, we present SimClass, a dataset that includes both a s…

Adv-BMT: Bidirectional Motion Transformer for Safety-Critical Traffic Scenario Generation
Yuxin Liu, Zhenghao Peng, Xuanhao Cui, Bolei Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09485

Adv-BMT: Bidirectional Motion Transformer for Safety-Critical Traffic Scenario Generation
Scenario-based testing is essential for validating the performance of autonomous driving (AD) systems. However, such testing is limited by the scarcity of long-tailed, safety-critical scenarios in existing datasets collected in the real world. To tackle the data issue, we propose the Adv-BMT framework, which augments real-world scenarios with diverse and realistic adversarial interactions. The core component of Adv-BMT is a bidirectional motion transformer (BMT) model to perform inverse traffic…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04929 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csCL_…

ConECT Dataset: Overcoming Data Scarcity in Context-Aware E-Commerce MT
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has improved translation by using Transformer-based models, but it still struggles with word ambiguity and context. This problem is especially important in domain-specific applications, which often have problems with unclear sentences or poor data quality. Our research explores how adding information to models can improve translations in the context of e-commerce data. To this end we create ConECT -- a new Czech-to-Polish e-commerce product translation dataset c…

AnimateAnyMesh: A Feed-Forward 4D Foundation Model for Text-Driven Universal Mesh Animation
Zijie Wu, Chaohui Yu, Fan Wang, Xiang Bai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09982

AnimateAnyMesh: A Feed-Forward 4D Foundation Model for Text-Driven Universal Mesh Animation
Recent advances in 4D content generation have attracted increasing attention, yet creating high-quality animated 3D models remains challenging due to the complexity of modeling spatio-temporal distributions and the scarcity of 4D training data. In this paper, we present AnimateAnyMesh, the first feed-forward framework that enables efficient text-driven animation of arbitrary 3D meshes. Our approach leverages a novel DyMeshVAE architecture that effectively compresses and reconstructs dynamic mes…

orGAN: A Synthetic Data Augmentation Pipeline for Simultaneous Generation of Surgical Images and Ground Truth Labels
Niran Nataraj, Maina Sogabe, Kenji Kawashima
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14303

orGAN: A Synthetic Data Augmentation Pipeline for Simultaneous Generation of Surgical Images and Ground Truth Labels
Deep learning in medical imaging faces obstacles: limited data diversity, ethical issues, high acquisition costs, and the need for precise annotations. Bleeding detection and localization during surgery is especially challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality datasets that reflect real surgical scenarios. We propose orGAN, a GAN-based system for generating high-fidelity, annotated surgical images of bleeding. By leveraging small "mimicking organ" datasets, synthetic models that replicate t…

How to Bridge the Sim-to-Real Gap in Digital Twin-Aided Telecommunication Networks
Clement Ruah, Houssem Sifaou, Osvaldo Simeone, Bashir M. Al-Hashimi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07067

How to Bridge the Sim-to-Real Gap in Digital Twin-Aided Telecommunication Networks
Training effective artificial intelligence models for telecommunications is challenging due to the scarcity of deployment-specific data. Real data collection is expensive, and available datasets often fail to capture the unique operational conditions and contextual variability of the network environment. Digital twinning provides a potential solution to this problem, as simulators tailored to the current network deployment can generate site-specific data to augment the available training datase…

Teaching Physical Awareness to LLMs through Sounds
Weiguo Wang, Andy Nie, Wenrui Zhou, Yi Kai, Chengchen Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08524 https://

Teaching Physical Awareness to LLMs through Sounds
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in text and multimodal processing, yet they fundamentally lack physical awareness--understanding of real-world physical phenomena. In this work, we present ACORN, a framework that teaches LLMs physical awareness through sound, focusing on fundamental physical phenomena like the Doppler effect, multipath effect, and spatial relationships. To overcome data scarcity, ACORN introduce a physics-based simulator combining real-world sound…

Martian World Models: Controllable Video Synthesis with Physically Accurate 3D Reconstructions
Longfei Li, Zhiwen Fan, Wenyan Cong, Xinhang Liu, Yuyang Yin, Matt Foutter, Panwang Pan, Chenyu You, Yue Wang, Zhangyang Wang, Yao Zhao, Marco Pavone, Yunchao Wei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07978…

Martian World Models: Controllable Video Synthesis with Physically Accurate 3D Reconstructions
Synthesizing realistic Martian landscape videos is crucial for mission rehearsal and robotic simulation. However, this task poses unique challenges due to the scarcity of high-quality Martian data and the significant domain gap between Martian and terrestrial imagery. To address these challenges, we propose a holistic solution composed of two key components: 1) A data curation pipeline Multimodal Mars Synthesis (M3arsSynth), which reconstructs 3D Martian environments from real stereo navigation…

Latent Anomaly Detection: Masked VQ-GAN for Unsupervised Segmentation in Medical CBCT
Pengwei Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14209 https://

Latent Anomaly Detection: Masked VQ-GAN for Unsupervised Segmentation in Medical CBCT
Advances in treatment technology now allow for the use of customizable 3D-printed hydrogel wound dressings for patients with osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw (ONJ). Meanwhile, deep learning has enabled precise segmentation of 3D medical images using tools like nnUNet. However, the scarcity of labeled data in ONJ imaging makes supervised training impractical. This study aims to develop an unsupervised training approach for automatically identifying anomalies in imaging scans. We propose a…

AI for the Routine, Humans for the Complex: Accuracy-Driven Data Labelling with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Mohammad Hossein Amini, Mehrdad Sabetzadeh, Shiva Nejati
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04990

AI for the Routine, Humans for the Complex: Accuracy-Driven Data Labelling with Mixed Integer Linear Programming
The scarcity of accurately labelled data remains a major challenge in deep learning (DL). Many DL approaches rely on semi-supervised methods, which focus on constructing large datasets that require only a minimal amount of human-labelled data. Since DL training algorithms can tolerate moderate label noise, it has generally been acceptable for the accuracy of labels in large training datasets to fall well short of a perfect 100%. However, when it comes to testing DL models, achieving high label …

Centralized Copy-Paste: Enhanced Data Augmentation Strategy for Wildland Fire Semantic Segmentation
Joon Tai Kim, Tianle Chen, Ziyu Dong, Nishanth Kunchala, Alexander Guller, Daniel Ospina Acero, Roger Williams, Mrinal Kumar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06321

Centralized Copy-Paste: Enhanced Data Augmentation Strategy for Wildland Fire Semantic Segmentation
Collecting and annotating images for the purpose of training segmentation models is often cost prohibitive. In the domain of wildland fire science, this challenge is further compounded by the scarcity of reliable public datasets with labeled ground truth. This paper presents the Centralized Copy-Paste Data Augmentation (CCPDA) method, for the purpose of assisting with the training of deep-learning multiclass segmentation models, with special focus on improving segmentation outcomes for the fire…

Prompt-Guided Latent Diffusion with Predictive Class Conditioning for 3D Prostate MRI Generation
Emerson P. Grabke, Masoom A. Haider, Babak Taati
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10230 …

Prompt-Guided Latent Diffusion with Predictive Class Conditioning for 3D Prostate MRI Generation
Latent diffusion models (LDM) could alleviate data scarcity challenges affecting machine learning development for medical imaging. However, medical LDM training typically relies on performance- or scientific accessibility-limiting strategies including a reliance on short-prompt text encoders, the reuse of non-medical LDMs, or a requirement for fine-tuning with large data volumes. We propose a Class-Conditioned Efficient Large Language model Adapter (CCELLA) to address these limitations. CCELLA …

SImpHAR: Advancing impedance-based human activity recognition using 3D simulation and text-to-motion models
Lala Shakti Swarup Ray, Mengxi Liu, Deepika Gurung, Bo Zhou, Sungho Suh, Paul Lukowicz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06405

SImpHAR: Advancing impedance-based human activity recognition using 3D simulation and text-to-motion models
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) with wearable sensors is essential for applications in healthcare, fitness, and human-computer interaction. Bio-impedance sensing offers unique advantages for fine-grained motion capture but remains underutilized due to the scarcity of labeled data. We introduce SImpHAR, a novel framework addressing this limitation through two core contributions. First, we propose a simulation pipeline that generates realistic bio-impedance signals from 3D human meshes using sho…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12887 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_ees…

RetinaLogos: Fine-Grained Synthesis of High-Resolution Retinal Images Through Captions
The scarcity of high-quality, labelled retinal imaging data, which presents a significant challenge in the development of machine learning models for ophthalmology, hinders progress in the field. To synthesise Colour Fundus Photographs (CFPs), existing methods primarily relying on predefined disease labels face significant limitations. However, current methods remain limited, thus failing to generate images for broader categories with diverse and fine-grained anatomical structures. To overcome …

SWDL: Stratum-Wise Difference Learning with Deep Laplacian Pyramid for Semi-Supervised 3D Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation
Cheng Wang, Siqi Chen, Donghua Mi, Yang Chen, Yudong Zhang, Yinsheng Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10325

SWDL: Stratum-Wise Difference Learning with Deep Laplacian Pyramid for Semi-Supervised 3D Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation
Recent advances in medical imaging have established deep learning-based segmentation as the predominant approach, though it typically requires large amounts of manually annotated data. However, obtaining annotations for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains particularly challenging due to the tedious and costly labeling process. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising solution to address the scarcity of labeled data, especially in volumetric medical image segmentation. Unlike …

USAD: An Unsupervised Data Augmentation Spatio-Temporal Attention Diffusion Network
Ying Yu, Hang Xiao, Siyao Li, Jiarui Li, Haotian Tang, Hanyu Liu, Chao Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02827

USAD: An Unsupervised Data Augmentation Spatio-Temporal Attention Diffusion Network
The primary objective of human activity recognition (HAR) is to infer ongoing human actions from sensor data, a task that finds broad applications in health monitoring, safety protection, and sports analysis. Despite proliferating research, HAR still faces key challenges, including the scarcity of labeled samples for rare activities, insufficient extraction of high-level features, and suboptimal model performance on lightweight devices. To address these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensi…

Label-Efficient Chest X-ray Diagnosis via Partial CLIP Adaptation
Heet Nitinkumar Dalsania
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07254 https://a…

Label-Efficient Chest X-ray Diagnosis via Partial CLIP Adaptation
Modern deep learning implementations for medical imaging usually rely on large labeled datasets. These datasets are often difficult to obtain due to privacy concerns, high costs, and even scarcity of cases. In this paper, a label-efficient strategy is proposed for chest X-ray diagnosis that seeks to reflect real-world hospital scenarios. The experiments use the NIH Chest X-ray14 dataset and a pre-trained CLIP ViT-B/32 model. The model is adapted via partial fine-tuning of its visual encoder and…

Surg-SegFormer: A Dual Transformer-Based Model for Holistic Surgical Scene Segmentation
Fatimaelzahraa Ahmed, Muraam Abdel-Ghani, Muhammad Arsalan, Mahmoud Ali, Abdulaziz Al-Ali, Shidin Balakrishnan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04304

Surg-SegFormer: A Dual Transformer-Based Model for Holistic Surgical Scene Segmentation
Holistic surgical scene segmentation in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) enables surgical residents to identify various anatomical tissues, articulated tools, and critical structures, such as veins and vessels. Given the firm intraoperative time constraints, it is challenging for surgeons to provide detailed real-time explanations of the operative field for trainees. This challenge is compounded by the scarcity of expert surgeons relative to trainees, making the unambiguous delineation of go- and n…