Tootfinder

Unprecedented climate shocks are changing the Great Lakes forever #environment

Unprecedented climate shocks are changing the Great Lakes forever
Extreme heat waves and cold spells on the Great Lakes have more than doubled since the late 1990s, coinciding with a major El Niño event. Using advanced ocean-style modeling adapted for the lakes, researchers traced temperature trends back to 1940, revealing alarming potential impacts on billion-dollar fishing industries, fragile ecosystems, and drinking water quality.

Impact of Cosmic Ray Acceleration on the Early Evolution of Bow Shocks around Massive Runaway Stars
Keito Watanabe, Stefanie Walch, Tim-Eric Rathjen, Jonathan Mackey, Pierre N\"urnberger, Philipp Girichidis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11988

Impact of Cosmic Ray Acceleration on the Early Evolution of Bow Shocks around Massive Runaway Stars
Bow shocks generated from the interaction of winds from massive runaway stars with the interstellar medium have been shown to be prominent particle accelerators through recent $γ$-ray and radio synchrotron observations. Here, we study particle acceleration from bow shocks by conducting 3D ideal cosmic ray magnetohydrodynamic simulations in the advection-diffusion limit. We use the Eulerian grid-based code FLASH, where stellar winds are injected through tabulated wind velocities and mass loss r…

🔥 Ukrainian drones destroy Russian oil, Trump shocks Europe! | News Pulse: https://benborges.xyz/2025/09/15/ukrainian-drones-destroy-russian-oil.html

Magnitude of Short-Wavelength Electric Field Fluctuations in Simulations of Collisionless Plasma Shocks
Vadim Roytershteyn, Lynn B. Wilson III, Li-Jen Chen, Michael Gedalin, Nicolai Pogorelov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11286

Magnitude of Short-Wavelength Electric Field Fluctuations in Simulations of Collisionless Plasma Shocks
Large-amplitude electrostatic fluctuations are routinely observed by spacecraft upon traversal of collisionless shocks in the heliosphere. Kinetic simulations of shocks have struggled to reproduce the amplitude of such fluctuations, complicating efforts to understand their influence on energy dissipation and shock structure. In this paper, 1D particle-in-cell simulations with realistic proton-to-electron mass ratio are used to show that in cases with upstream electron temperature $T_e$ exceedin…

Anomalous electron heating in laboratory magnetized quasi-perpendicular collisionless shocks
V. Valenzuela-Villaseca, S. Totorica, J. Griff-McMahon, L. -J. Chen, S. Malko, P. V. Heuer, P. Pongkitiwanichakul, W. Fox, D. B. Schaeffer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12164

Anomalous electron heating in laboratory magnetized quasi-perpendicular collisionless shocks
We present laboratory results from supercritical, magnetized collisionless shock experiments ($M_A \lesssim 10$, $β\sim 1$). We report the first observation of fully-developed shocks ($R=4$ compression ratio and a downstream region decoupled from the piston) after seven upstream ion gyration periods. A foot ahead of the shock exhibits super-adiabatic electron and ion heating. We measure the electron temperature $T_e = 115$ eV and ion temperature $T_i = 15$ eV upstream of the shock; whereas, do…

Decomposing wave activity in the solar atmosphere: Shocks, jets and swirls in the quiet Sun
George Cherry, Boris Gudiksen, Adam J. Finley, Quentin Noraz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11179

Decomposing wave activity in the solar atmosphere: Shocks, jets and swirls in the quiet Sun
Context. There remains much mystery about how or if wave-energy in the photosphere can be transferred sufficiently upwards through the solar atmosphere to contribute to coronal heating. In light of a plethora of theoretical and idealised studies, we must complement our understanding with realistic and self-driven simulations in order to confidently quantify such contributions. Aims. In this study we aim to connect the various environments from the photosphere to low corona and identify wave dri…

On three dimensional steady super-Alfv\'{e}nic magnetohydrodynamics shocks with aligned fields
Shangkun Weng, Wengang Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12068 https://

On three dimensional steady super-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamics shocks with aligned fields
The coupled motion between the hydrodynamic flow and magnetic field introduces significant complexity into the structure of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. A key factor contributing to this complexity is the presence of Alfvén waves, which critically influences the character of the flow and makes the problem considerably more challenging. Within the framework where the magnetic field is everywhere parallel to the flow velocity, we give an effective decomposition of the steady MHD equa…

Disentangling the Distributional Effects of Financial Shocks in the Euro Area
Milo\v{s} Ciganovi\'c, Elena Scola Gagliardi, Massimiliano Tancioni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11289

Disentangling the Distributional Effects of Financial Shocks in the Euro Area
We estimate the dynamic distributional effects of financial shocks in the Euro Area using survey-based microdata on personal incomes. We find that positive financial shocks increase inequality, with heterogeneity across different income groups. Much of the response emerges in the tails of the income distribution. By decomposing individual incomes into financial and labor components, we identify two distinct transmission mechanisms: financial income inequality rises, likely due to differences in…

Combining PIC and MHD to model particle acceleration in astrophysical shocks
Allard Jan van Marle
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12150 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Combining PIC and MHD to model particle acceleration in astrophysical shocks
When supersonic plasma flows collide, many physical processes contribute to the morphology of the resulting shock. One of these processes is the acceleration of non-thermal ions, which will, eventually, reach relativistic speeds and become cosmic rays. This process is difficult to simulate in a computer model because it requires both macro-physics (the overall shape of the shock) and micro-physics (the interaction between individual particles and the magnetic field). The combined PIC-MHD method…

Sentiment Feedback in Equity Markets: Asymmetries, Retail Heterogeneity, and Structural Calibration
Lucas Marques Sneller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11970 https://

Sentiment Feedback in Equity Markets: Asymmetries, Retail Heterogeneity, and Structural Calibration
We study how sentiment shocks propagate through equity returns and investor clientele using four independent proxies with sign-aligned kappa-rho parameters. A structural calibration links a one standard deviation innovation in sentiment to a pricing impact of 1.06 basis points with persistence parameter rho = 0.940, yielding a half-life of 11.2 months. The impulse response peaks around the 12-month horizon, indicating slow-moving amplification. Cross-sectionally, a simple D10-D1 portfolio earns…

Bayesian Models for Joint Selection of Features and Auto-Regressive Lags: Theory and Applications in Environmental and Financial Forecasting
Alokesh Manna, Sujit K. Ghosh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10055

Bayesian Models for Joint Selection of Features and Auto-Regressive Lags: Theory and Applications in Environmental and Financial Forecasting
We develop a Bayesian framework for variable selection in linear regression with autocorrelated errors, accommodating lagged covariates and autoregressive structures. This setting occurs in time series applications where responses depend on contemporaneous or past explanatory variables and persistent stochastic shocks, including financial modeling, hydrological forecasting, and meteorological applications requiring temporal dependency capture. Our methodology uses hierarchical Bayesian models w…

Low-velocity large-scale shocks in the infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33: bubble-driven cloud-cloud collisions
G. Cosentino (Institut de Radioastronomie Millim\'etrique, France), I. Jim\'enez-Serra (Centro de Astrobiolog\`ia), R. Liu (National Astronomical Observatories of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), C. -Y. Law (INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri, Italy), J. C. Tan (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Depa…

Low-velocity large-scale shocks in the infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33: bubble-driven cloud-cloud collisions
Low-velocity large-scale shocks impacting on the ISM may efficiently shape molecular clouds and trigger star formation within them. These shocks, both driven by galactic bubbles and/or cloud-cloud collisions, leave specific signatures in the gas morphology and kinematics. Observational studies of such signatures are crucial to investigate if and how shocks affect the clouds formation process and trigger their future star formation. We have analysed the shocked and dense gas tracers SiO(2-1) and…

“Supreme Court Shocks
—Trump’s Power Just Exploded” reads the typically hyperbolic headline from religious-right podcaster Steve Turley.
“The Supreme Court's recent rulings are a game-changer for Trump's immigration policies,
empowering ICE with aggressive tactics,”
reads Turley’s Wednesday morning email newsletter.
“With Kavanaugh's backing, ethnicity now plays a role in enforcement—cue the controversy!”
Turley is referencing a ruling by the Sup…

Religious-Right Pundit Steve Turley Celebrates MAGA SCOTUS OK For ICE Racial Profiling
MAGA podcaster Steve Turley cheers SCOTUS rulings that dismantle judicial checks and balances on Trump's power.

Mitigating Model Drift in Developing Economies Using Synthetic Data and Outliers
Ilyas Varshavskiy, Bonu Boboeva, Shuhrat Khalilbekov, Azizjon Azimi, Sergey Shulgin, Akhlitdin Nizamitdinov, Haitz Saez de Ocariz Borde
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09294

Mitigating Model Drift in Developing Economies Using Synthetic Data and Outliers
Machine Learning models in finance are highly susceptible to model drift, where predictive performance declines as data distributions shift. This issue is especially acute in developing economies such as those in Central Asia and the Caucasus - including Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan - where frequent and unpredictable macroeconomics shocks destabilize financial data. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first studies to examine drift mitigation methods on financi…

Forecasting Commodity Price Shocks Using Temporal and Semantic Fusion of Prices Signals and Agentic Generative AI Extracted Economic News
Mohammed-Khalil Ghali, Cecil Pang, Oscar Molina, Carlos Gershenson-Garcia, Daehan Won
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06497

Time-Dilation Methods for Extreme Multiscale Timestepping Problems
Philip F. Hopkins, Elias R. Most
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09756 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Time-Dilation Methods for Extreme Multiscale Timestepping Problems
Many astrophysical simulations involve extreme dynamic range of timescales around 'special points' in the domain (e.g. black holes, stars, planets, disks, galaxies, shocks, mixing interfaces), where processes on small scales couple strongly to those on large scales. Adaptive resolution, multi-physics, and hybrid numerical methods have enabled tremendous progress on the spatial, physics, and numerical challenges involved. But often the limiter for following the long timescales of global evolutio…

Assessing the Effects of Monetary Shocks on Macroeconomic Stars: A SMUC-IV Framework
Bowen Fu, Chenghan Hou, Jan Pr\"user
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05802 https://

Assessing the Effects of Monetary Shocks on Macroeconomic Stars: A SMUC-IV Framework
This paper proposes a structural multivariate unobserved components model with external instrument (SMUC-IV) to investigate the effects of monetary policy shocks on key U.S. macroeconomic "stars"-namely, the level of potential output, the growth rate of potential output, trend inflation, and the neutral interest rate. A key feature of our approach is the use of an external instrument to identify monetary policy shocks within the multivariate unob- served components modeling framework. We develo…

An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Balance Laws With a Time-Dependent Source Term
Josh Culver, Aubrey Ayres, Evan Halloran, Ryan Lin, Emily Peng, Charis Tsikkou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10347

An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Balance Laws With a Time-Dependent Source Term
We consider a system consisting of one conservation law and one balance law with a time-dependent source term, and provide a comprehensive analysis of Riemann solutions, including the non-classical overcompressive delta shocks. The minimal yet representative structure of the system captures essential features of transport under density constraints and, despite its simplicity, serves as a versatile prototype for crowd-limited transport processes across diverse contexts, including biological aggr…

Stars Born in the Wind: M82's Outflow and Halo Star Formation
Vaishnav V. Rao, Adam Smercina, Eric F. Bell, Benjamin Williams, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Andrew Dolphin, Adam Leroy, Antonela Monachesi, Jeremy Bailin, Roelof S. de Jong, Fabian Walter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10895

Stars Born in the Wind: M82's Outflow and Halo Star Formation
Starburst galaxies, like M82, launch kiloparsec-scale galactic outflows that interact with the circumgalactic medium (CGM) in complex ways. Apart from enriching the CGM with metals and energy, these outflows may trigger star formation in the halo -- either by driving shocks into the CGM or transporting cold, star-forming gas. To investigate such processes, we analyze the star formation history (SFH) of the Southern Arcs -- arc-like stellar features located ~5 kpc from M82's star-forming disk al…

Crosslisted article(s) found for physics.plasm-ph. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.plasm-ph/new
[1/1]:
- On three dimensional steady super-Alfv\'{e}nic magnetohydrodynamics shocks with aligned fields
Shangkun Weng, Wengang Yang

Emergence of Homophily under Contextual Mechanisms
Jiaxing Weng, Haijun Yang, Tongyu Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09821 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.09821…

Emergence of Homophily under Contextual Mechanisms
This paper introduces a tractable model to study incentive-compatible homophily under both external environments--such as exogenous shocks or policy constraints--and internal micromotives based on interactive attributes. We propose a set of invariants that capture main features of homophily and the well-defined partition dynamics leading to perfect global homophily. The criteria for homophily formation are characterized via isomorphism. Within this framework, we demonstrate the emergence of mac…

Gamma-rays from Wolf-Rayet stellar winds
A. Inventar, G. Peron, S. Recchia, S. Gabici
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12510 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.12510

Gamma-rays from Wolf-Rayet stellar winds
Gamma-ray observations of young star clusters have recently provided evidence for particle acceleration occurring at stellar wind termination shocks, fueled by the mechanical energy of stellar winds from massive stars. In this work, we explore the possibility that the wind from a single powerful star, whether isolated or part of a cluster, can alone provide sufficient energy to generate gamma-ray emission detectable by current instruments. This scenario is particularly relevant given that a sig…

Bailouts and Redistribution
Mikayel Sukiasyan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10933 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.10933

Bailouts and Redistribution
What is the best macroprudential regulation when households differ in their exposure to profits from the financial sector? To answer the question, I study a real business cycle model with household heterogeneity and market incompleteness. In the model, shocks are amplified in states with high leverage, leading to lower investment. I consider the problem of a Ramsey planner who can finance transfers with a distortive tax on labor and levy taxes on the balance sheet components of experts. I show …

Week 1 bold predictions: Multiple sacks for Micah Parsons, Titans pull shocker, Chiefs fall

https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/nfl-week-1-bold-pr…

Identification of pressure points in modern power systems using transfer entropy
Katerina Tang, M. Vivienne Liu, C. Lindsay Anderson, Vivek Srikrishnan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08513

Identification of pressure points in modern power systems using transfer entropy
Integration of variable energy resources -- e.g., solar, wind, and hydro -- and end-use electrification increase modern energy systems' weather-dependence. Identifying critical infrastructure constraining the power grid's ability to meet electricity demand under weather-induced shocks and stressors is essential for understanding risks and guiding adaptation. We use transfer entropy to identify predictive pressure points: grid components whose utilization patterns provide early signals of downst…

Audacity shocks! Russian UAVs attack in broad daylight, says Zelenskyy #shorts: https://benborges.xyz/2025/09/02/audacity-shocks-russian-uavs-attack.html

#Neurotypicals: You need to be bored. Next time you go to the gym, don't listen to that podcast. Just try to be in your head for a while. Maybe you'll think about the meaning of life, and maybe you'll figure it out.
My #ADHD brain trying to unload the dishwasher without a podcast: Hey, Remember the intro to Clifford the Big Red Dog? That song? You sort of paid attention to it for a few seconds while our kid was watching it. I remember those 5 seconds. Let's sing that intro... just that first part though. We're just going to keep doing that, over and over, hundreds of times in a row.
Neurotypicals: People don't like to be bored. People will give themselves electric shocks to not be bored. They don't want to think about the big questions
My ADHD brain, still trying to unload the dishwasher without a podcast: ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪ ♪ Welcome to Birdwell island, Sun and the sky is smilin' ♪ ♪
https://youtu.be/orQKfIXMiA8

Algorithmic analysis of a complex reliability system subject to multiple events with a preventive maintenance strategy and a Bernoulli vacation policy through MMAPs
Juan Eloy Ruiz-Castro, Hugo Ala\'in Zapata-Ceballos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11506

Algorithmic analysis of a complex reliability system subject to multiple events with a preventive maintenance strategy and a Bernoulli vacation policy through MMAPs
In this work, a single-unit multi-state system is considered. The system is subject to internal failures, as well as external shocks with multiple consequences. It also incorporates a preventive maintenance strategy and a Bernoulli vacation policy for the repairperson. It is algorithmically modeled in both continuous and discrete time using Marked Markovian Arrival Processes (MMAP). The system's operation/degradation level is divided into an indeterminate number of levels. Upon returning from a…

The electron temperature distribution and the high ionization just behind the shock in the Cygnus Loop
Masahiro Ichihashi, Aya Bamba, Dai Tateishi, Kouichi Hagino, Satoru Katsuda, Hiroyuki Uchida, Hiromasa Suzuki, Ryo Yamazaki, Yutaka Ohira
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10346

The electron temperature distribution and the high ionization just behind the shock in the Cygnus Loop
The physical processes behind astrophysical collisionless shocks, such as thermal relaxation and ionization after shock passage, remain poorly understood. To investigate these processes, we analyze the northeastern region of the Cygnus Loop with XMM-Newton. The electron temperature is found to increase towards the interior of the remnant ranging from 0.15-0.19 keV energy range within a spatial scale of 6 arcmin (or 1.27 pc at a distance of 725 pc) from the shock front. This can be explained wel…

A Multimodal Approach to SME Credit Scoring Integrating Transaction and Ownership Networks
Sahab Zandi, Kamesh Korangi, Juan C. Moreno-Paredes, Mar\'ia \'Oskarsd\'ottir, Christophe Mues, Cristi\'an Bravo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09407

A Multimodal Approach to SME Credit Scoring Integrating Transaction and Ownership Networks
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are known to play a vital role in economic growth, employment, and innovation. However, they tend to face significant challenges in accessing credit due to limited financial histories, collateral constraints, and exposure to macroeconomic shocks. These challenges make an accurate credit risk assessment by lenders crucial, particularly since SMEs frequently operate within interconnected firm networks through which default risk can propagate. This paper p…

'When the road disappears into uncertainty, divergent thinkers and polymaths become indispensable. They see new trails where others see only trees. They reframe the problem, question inherited assumptions and bring together knowledge from across various disciplines. In times of systemic shocks, it’s not expertise in one field that saves us but the ability to connect the dots across many. This is the kind of competence needed now because everything is linked and disruption moves fast. '

Bridging the gap: consistent modeling of protoplanetary disk heating and gap formation by planet-induced spiral shocks
Satoshi Okuzumi, Takayuki Muto, Ryosuke T. Tominaga, Shizu Shimizu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18283

Bridging the gap: consistent modeling of protoplanetary disk heating and gap formation by planet-induced spiral shocks
A giant planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk excites spiral density waves, which steepen into shocks as they propagate away from the planet. These shocks lead to secular disk heating and gap opening, both of which can have important implications for the evolution of solids near the planet. To date, these two effects have largely been modeled independently. In this study, we present a self-consistent model that unifies these processes by linking shock heating and angular momentum deposition …

Job insecurity and equilibrium determinacy in a rational expectations, New Keynesian model with asymmetric information. A theoretical analysis
Luca Vota, Luisa Errichiello
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11125

Job insecurity and equilibrium determinacy in a rational expectations, New Keynesian model with asymmetric information. A theoretical analysis
Despite the importance of this variable in the macroeconomic context, current research on job insecurity remains mainly confined to its non-systemic dimension. The research aim of this paper is to identify the short-run and long-run macroeconomic determinants of job insecurity in the presence of asymmetric information between public and private agents, informative shocks, and different degrees of institutional communication transparency. To accomplish this goal, a small-scale, rational expectat…

Preferential Positron Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetized Electron-Positron-Ion Shocks
Shori Arai, Yosuke Matsumoto
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06120 https://

Preferential Positron Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetized Electron-Positron-Ion Shocks
Relativistic shocks are considered efficient accelerators of charged particles and play crucial roles in high-energy astrophysical phenomena, such as gamma-ray bursts and pulsar winds. This study focuses on positron accelerations in magnetized relativistic shocks in electron-positron-ion plasma. Employing one-dimensional ab initio particle-in-cell simulations, we found a preferential positron acceleration through an interaction with the wakefield associated with a precursor wave in the upstream…

• Solar and wind capacities can serve as insurance against gas supply shocks.

 
• We analyzed the economic value of increased renewable power capacity.

• Externality-based pricing can offer strategic risk management for power systems.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti

The insurance value of renewable energies
Solar and wind power are energy sources which, by their very nature, give rise to a degree of uncertainty, considering their variability depending on …

Gas price shocks, uncertainty and price setting: evidences from Italian firms
Giuseppe Pagano Giorgianni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03792 https://arxiv.org…

Gas price shocks, uncertainty and price setting: evidences from Italian firms
This paper examines how natural gas price shocks affect Italian firms' pricing decisions and inflation expectations using quarterly survey data from the Bank of Italy's Survey on Inflation and Growth Expectations (SIGE) spanning 1999Q4-2025Q2. We identify natural gas price shocks through a Bayesian VAR with sign and zero restrictions. Our findings reveal that these shocks are a primary driver of firms' inflation expectations, particularly during the post-COVID period (2021-2023) when supply dis…

Neural ARFIMA model for forecasting BRIC exchange rates with long memory under oil shocks and policy uncertainties
Tanujit Chakraborty, Donia Besher, Madhurima Panja, Shovon Sengupta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06697

Neural ARFIMA model for forecasting BRIC exchange rates with long memory under oil shocks and policy uncertainties
Accurate forecasting of exchange rates remains a persistent challenge, particularly for emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC). These series exhibit long memory, nonlinearity, and non-stationarity properties that conventional time series models struggle to capture. Additionally, there exist several key drivers of exchange rate dynamics, including global economic policy uncertainty, US equity market volatility, US monetary policy uncertainty, oil price growth rates, a…

Forecasting Commodity Price Shocks Using Temporal and Semantic Fusion of Prices Signals and Agentic Generative AI Extracted Economic News
Mohammed-Khalil Ghali, Cecil Pang, Oscar Molina, Carlos Gershenson-Garcia, Daehan Won
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06497

Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Non-Relativistic Collisionless Shocks
Damiano Caprioli, Luca Orusa, Miha Cernetic, Colby C. Haggerty, Bricker Ostler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08061

Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Non-Relativistic Collisionless Shocks
We investigate the process of Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) of particles with mass number to charge number ratios $A/Q > 1$, e.g., partially-ionized heavy ions. To this end, we introduce helium- and carbon-like ions at solar abundances into two-dimensional hybrid (kinetic ions--fluid electrons) simulations of non-relativistic collisionless shocks. This study yields three main results: 1) Heavy ions are preferentially accelerated compared to hydrogen. For typical solar abundances, the energ…

Dependent Default Modeling through Multivariate Generalized Cox Processes
Djibril Gueye, Alejandra Quintos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05022 https://arxiv.o…

Dependent Default Modeling through Multivariate Generalized Cox Processes
We propose a multivariate framework for modeling dependent default times that extends the classical Cox process by incorporating both common and idiosyncratic shocks. Our construction uses càdlàg, increasing processes to model cumulative intensities, relaxing the requirement of absolutely continuous compensators. Analytical tractability is preserved through the multiplicative decomposition of Azéma supermartingales under assumptions that guarantee deterministic compensators. The framework ca…

Imaging and Radio Signatures of Shock-Plasmoid Interaction
Pankaj Kumar, Judith T. Karpen, P. K. Manoharan, N. Gopalswamy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07116 https://

Imaging and Radio Signatures of Shock-Plasmoid Interaction
Understanding how shocks interact with coronal structures is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of particle acceleration in the solar corona and inner heliosphere. Using simultaneous radio and white-light observations, we investigate the interaction between a CME-driven shock and a plasmoid. LASCO and STEREO-A COR-2 white-light images are analyzed to track the evolution of the plasmoid, CME and its associated shock, while the Wind/WAVES and STEREO/WAVES dynamic spectra provide complementa…

Measuring the Temperature of Extremely Hot Shock-Heated Gas in the Major Merger MACS~J0717.5 3745 With Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
Benjamin J. Vaughan, Jack Sayers, Locke Spencer, Nicholas Swidinksi, Ryan Wills, Michael Zemcov, Derek Arthur, Victoria Butler, Richard M. Feder, Daniel Klyde, Lorenzo Lovisari, Adam Mantz, Emily M. Silich

Measuring the Temperature of Extremely Hot Shock-Heated Gas in the Major Merger MACS~J0717.5+3745 With Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
The conversion of gravitational potential to kinetic energy results in an intracluster medium (ICM) gas with a characteristic temperature near 10 keV in the most massive galaxy clusters. X-ray observations, primarily from Chandra and XMM-Newton, have revealed a wealth of information about the thermodynamics of this gas. However, two regimes remain difficult to study with current instruments: superheated gas well above 10~keV generated by shocks from major mergers, and distant systems strongly i…

Rigby keeps trying to invent money, but he doesn't have a coherent model of interest rate policy in response to tariff shocks, so I'm not convinced.

Harvests and Hooky in the Hills: Crop Yield Variability and Gendered School Enrollment in Rwanda
Maxwell Fogler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10780 https://ar…

Harvests and Hooky in the Hills: Crop Yield Variability and Gendered School Enrollment in Rwanda
This paper investigates the trade-off that households in agrarian economies face between immediate production needs and long-term human capital investment. We ask how exogenous agricultural productivity shocks affect primary and secondary school enrollment in Rwanda, a country characterized by a heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture alongside ambitious development goals. Using a district-level panel dataset for the years 2010-2021, we employ a two-stage least squares (2SLS) instrumental variab…

Waves, structures, and the Riemann problem for a system of hyperbolic conservation laws
A. P. Chugainova, D. V. Treschev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02070 https://

Waves, structures, and the Riemann problem for a system of hyperbolic conservation laws
A system of hyperbolic conservation laws $$ \partial_t u + \partial_x \partial_u Q = 0, \quad Q = u_1^3 / 3 + u_1 u_2^2, \qquad u = u(x,t) \in\mR^2, $$ as well as its viscous regularization $$ \partial_t u + \partial_x \partial_u Q = \calM \partial_x^2 u, \qquad \calM = \diag (μ_1,μ_2), \quad μ_1>0,\, μ_2>0, $$ are studied. It is assumed that admissible shocks are those that satisfy the requirement of existence of a structure (the traveling wave criterion). A solution of the Riemann…

Designing Ethereum's Geographical (De)Centralization Beyond the Atlantic
Sen Yang, Burak \"Oz, Fei Wu, Fan Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21475 https://

Designing Ethereum's Geographical (De)Centralization Beyond the Atlantic
Decentralization has a geographic dimension that conventional metrics such as stake distribution overlook. Where validators run affects resilience to regional shocks (outages, disasters, government intervention) and fairness in reward access. Yet in permissionless systems, locations cannot be mandated, but they emerge from incentives. Today, Ethereum's validators cluster along the Atlantic (EU and U.S. East Coast), where latency is structurally favorable. This raises a key question: when some r…

'Never a good sign': Trump's new partner for 'evil' Gaza rebuilding plan shocks analyst - Raw Story
https://www.rawstory.com/trump-2673944548/

Ukrainian drones destroy Russian train and general: FPV attack shocks the Kremlin! | News Pulse: https://benborges.xyz/2025/08/20/ukrainian-drones-destroy-russian-train.html

X-ray shocks in the cool cores of galaxy clusters: insights from TNG-Cluster
Marine Prunier, Francesco Ubertosi, Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, Annalisa Pillepich
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25314

X-ray shocks in the cool cores of galaxy clusters: insights from TNG-Cluster
Shock fronts driven by active galactic nuclei in galaxy cluster cores represent a promising mechanism to heat the intracluster gas by converting kinetic energy into thermal energy through gas compression, thereby offsetting radiative cooling. Despite their potential importance, such shocks are challenging to detect, requiring deep X-ray exposures, and have only been identified in ten clusters. We present the first systematic detection and characterization of AGN-driven shocks in simulated clust…

Forecasting Inflation Based on Hybrid Integration of the Riemann Zeta Function and the FPAS Model (FPAS $\zeta$): Cyclical Flexibility, Socio-Economic Challenges and Shocks, and Comparative Analysis of Models
Davit Gondauri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02966

Forecasting Inflation Based on Hybrid Integration of the Riemann Zeta Function and the FPAS Model (FPAS + $ζ$): Cyclical Flexibility, Socio-Economic Challenges and Shocks, and Comparative Analysis of Models
Inflation forecasting is a core socio-economic challenge in modern macroeconomic modeling, especially when cyclical, structural, and shock factors act simultaneously. Traditional systems such as FPAS and ARIMA often struggle with cyclical asymmetry and unexpected fluctuations. This study proposes a hybrid framework (FPAS + $ζ$) that integrates a structural macro model (FPAS) with cyclical components derived from the Riemann zeta function $ζ(1/2 + i t)$. Using Georgia's macro data (2005-2024),…

An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Conservation Laws Using Shadow Waves and Dafermos Regularization
Josh Culver, Aubrey Ayres, Evan Halloran, Ryan Lin, Emily Peng, Charis Tsikkou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05927

An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Conservation Laws Using Shadow Waves and Dafermos Regularization
We consider a system of two conservation laws and provide a detailed description of both classical and non-classical self-similar Riemann solutions. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of overcompressive delta shocks as singular limits of the Dafermos regularization of the system. The system is chosen for its minimal yet representative structure, which captures the essential features of transport dynamics under density constraints. Our analysis is carried out using blow-up techniques wi…

Variability in energetic particle observations at strong interplanetary shocks: Multi-spacecraft observations
Domenico Trotta, Timothy S. Horbury, Joe Giacalone
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19812

Variability in energetic particle observations at strong interplanetary shocks: Multi-spacecraft observations
Context. Interplanetary (IP) shock waves offer an unparalleled opportunity to directly study the elusive mechanisms of particle acceleration that are pervasive in our Universe. Novel spacecraft missions, orbiting poorly-explored regions of the heliosphere, opened a new observational window on particle acceleration at IP shocks that is relevant to space and astrophysical plasmas. Aims. We address shock variability and its effects on the production of accelerated particles at different energies. …

Integrating Weather and Land Cover Data into Geospatial Impact Evaluations
Elinor Benami, Mike Cecil, Anna Josephson, Gina Maskell, Jeffrey D. Michler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05108

Integrating Weather and Land Cover Data into Geospatial Impact Evaluations
Integrating gridded weather and earth observation data into impact evaluations holds great promise. It allows researchers to capture environmental context, external shocks, and even to measure outcomes (e.g., land cover change, agricultural production) that surveys might miss due to spatial or temporal data collection constraints. However, with great power comes great responsibility: the increasing ease of extracting time series from these datasets belies potentially complex geospatial and meas…

Crosslisted article(s) found for physics.plasm-ph. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.plasm-ph/new
[1/1]:
- Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Non-Relativistic Collisionless Shocks
Damiano Caprioli, Luca Orusa, Miha Cernetic, Colby C. Haggerty, Bricker Ostler

Electricity has supplied all the growth in per capita final energy demand since the oil shocks of the 1970s
In 2007 it overtook oil to become the largest supplier of useful energy.
Demand for fossil fuels for final energy has peaked in two thirds of countries,
and reached a plateau for industry in 2014,
buildings in 2018
and road transport around 2019.

The long march of electrification | Ember
A century of growth in electricity has brought us to the Age of Electricity.

A common zero-inflation bivariate Poisson model with comonotonic and counter-monotonic shocks
Golshid Aflaki, Juliana Schulz, Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Plante
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22798

A common zero-inflation bivariate Poisson model with comonotonic and counter-monotonic shocks
There are numerous applications which involve modeling multi-dimensional count data, notably in actuarial science and risk management. When such data exhibit an excess of zeros, common count models are no longer suitable. With multivariate data, characterizing an appropriate dependence structure is equally critical in order to adequately assess the underlying risk inherent in the joint counts. In this work we propose a new bivariate zero-inflated Poisson model appropriate for modeling pairs of …

Sulfur oxides tracing streamers and shocks at low mass protostellar disk-envelope interfaces
X. -C. Liu, E. F. van Dishoeck, M. R. Hogerheijde, M. L. van Gelder, Y. Chen, T. Liu, M. van't Hoff, M. N. Drozdovskaya, E. Artur de la Villarmois, X. -F. Mai, {\L}. Tychoniec
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22870

Sulfur oxides tracing streamers and shocks at low mass protostellar disk-envelope interfaces
Accretion shocks are thought to play a crucial role in the early stages of star and planet formation, but their direct observational evidence remains elusive, particularly regarding the molecular tracers of these processes. In this work, we searched for features of accretion shocks by observing the emission of SO and SO$_2$ using ALMA in Band 6 towards nearby Class I protostars. We analyze the SO and SO$_2$ emission from Oph IRS 63, DK Cha, and L1527, which have different disk inclination angle…

Converged simulations of the nozzle shock in tidal disruption events
Fangyi Fitz Hu, Ilya Mandel, Rebecca Nealon, Daniel J. Price
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04790 https://

Converged simulations of the nozzle shock in tidal disruption events
When debris from a star that experienced a tidal disruption events (TDE) after passing too close to a massive black hole returns to pericenter on the second passage, it is compressed, leading to the formation of nozzle shocks (in the orbital plane) and pancake shocks (perpendicular to the orbital plane). Resolving these shocks is a long-standing problem in the hydrodynamic simulations of parabolic TDEs. Excessive numerical energy dissipation or heating unrealistically expands the stream. In thi…

Inverse Portfolio Optimization with Synthetic Investor Data: Recovering Risk Preferences under Uncertainty
Jinho Cha, Long Pham, Thi Le Hoa Vo, Jaeyoung Cho, Jaejin Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06986

Inverse Portfolio Optimization with Synthetic Investor Data: Recovering Risk Preferences under Uncertainty
This study develops an inverse portfolio optimization framework for recovering latent investor preferences including risk aversion, transaction cost sensitivity, and ESG orientation from observed portfolio allocations. Using controlled synthetic data, we assess the estimator's statistical properties such as consistency, coverage, and dynamic regret. The model integrates robust optimization and regret-based inference to quantify welfare losses under preference misspecification and market shocks.…

A type II solar radio burst without a coronal mass ejection association
Anshu Kumari, Nat Gopalswamy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04586 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

A type II solar radio burst without a coronal mass ejection association
Type II solar radio bursts are commonly associated with shocks generated by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), where plasma waves are excited by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes and converted into radio waves at the local plasma frequency or its harmonics. However, there are instances where type II bursts occur in the absence of whitelight CMEs. We analysed one such metric type II radio burst observed on November 2, 2023, characterized by split band features and fundamental-harmonic lanes. Notab…

Replaced article(s) found for econ.EM. https://arxiv.org/list/econ.EM/new
[1/1]:
- Macroeconomic Spillovers of Weather Shocks across U.S. States
Emanuele Bacchiocchi, Andrea Bastianin, Graziano Moramarco

Inverse Reinforcement Learning Using Just Classification and a Few Regressions
Lars van der Laan, Nathan Kallus, Aur\'elien Bibaut
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21172 https://

Inverse Reinforcement Learning Using Just Classification and a Few Regressions
Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to explain observed behavior by uncovering an underlying reward. In the maximum-entropy or Gumbel-shocks-to-reward frameworks, this amounts to fitting a reward function and a soft value function that together satisfy the soft Bellman consistency condition and maximize the likelihood of observed actions. While this perspective has had enormous impact in imitation learning for robotics and understanding dynamic choices in economics, practical learning alg…

Transport of Particles in Strongly Turbulent 3D Magnetized Plasmas
Heinz Isliker, Loukas Vlahos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05727 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508…

Transport of Particles in Strongly Turbulent 3D Magnetized Plasmas
In this review, we examine particle transport in strongly turbulent three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasmas, characterized by intense (large-amplitude) magnetic field fluctuations. Such environments naturally give rise to a network of coherent structures (CoSs), including current sheets, filaments, shocks, switchbacks, and significant magnetic perturbations, which critically influence particle dynamics at the kinetic level. Within this turbulent regime, two fundamental particle energization m…

The Fate of Transonic Shocks around Black Holes and their Future Astrophysical Implications
Indu K. Dihingia, Akhil Uniyal, Yosuke Mizuno
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23187 https:…

The Fate of Transonic Shocks around Black Holes and their Future Astrophysical Implications
Theoretical models have long predicted the existence of shocks in multi-transonic accretion flows onto a black hole, yet their fate under realistic general relativistic simulations has not been fully tested. In this study, we present results from high-resolution two-dimensional general relativistic hydrodynamic (GRHD) and general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of low-angular-momentum accretion flows onto Kerr black holes, focusing on the formation of shocks in transonic ac…

Existence and stability of the Riemann solutions for a non-symmetric Keyfitz--Kranzer type model
Rahul Barthwal, Christian Rohde, Anupam Sen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07391 htt…

Existence and stability of the Riemann solutions for a non-symmetric Keyfitz--Kranzer type model
In this article, we develop a new hyperbolic model governing the first-order dynamics of a thin film flow under the influence of gravity and solute transport. The obtained system turns out to be a non-symmetric Keyfitz-Kranzer type system. We find an entire class of convex entropies in the regions where the system remains strictly hyperbolic. By including delta shocks, we prove the existence of unique solutions of the Riemann problem. We analyze their stability with respect to the perturbation …

Radio signatures of AGN-wind-driven shocks in elliptical galaxies: From simulations to observations
Haojie Xia, Feng Yuan, Zhiyuan Li, Bocheng Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19716

Radio signatures of AGN-wind-driven shocks in elliptical galaxies: From simulations to observations
We investigate the synchrotron emission signatures of shocks driven by active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind in elliptical galaxies based on our two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic $\textit{MACER}$ numerical simulations. Using these simulation data, we calculate the synchrotron radiation produced by nonthermal electrons accelerated at shocks, adopting reasonable assumptions for the magnetic field and relativistic electron distribution (derived from diffusive shock acceleration theory), and p…

Gender Differences in Healthcare Utilisation - Evidence from Unexpected Adverse Health Shocks
Nadja van 't Hoff, Giovanni Mellace, Seetha Menon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01310

Gender Differences in Healthcare Utilisation - Evidence from Unexpected Adverse Health Shocks
This paper is the first to provide causal evidence of gender differences in healthcare utilisation to better understand the male-female health-survival paradox, where women live longer but experience worse health outcomes. Using rich Danish administrative healthcare data, we apply a staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits the randomness in treatment timing to estimate the causal impact of adverse health shocks, such as non-fatal heart attacks or strokes, on healthcare use. Ou…

Central Bank Digital Currency: Demand Shocks and Optimal Monetary Policy
Hanfeng Chen, Maria Elena Filippin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15048 https://

Central Bank Digital Currency: Demand Shocks and Optimal Monetary Policy
We study the implications of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) for the transmission of household preference shocks and for welfare in a New Keynesian framework where the CBDC competes with bank deposits for household resources and banks have market power. We show that an increase in the benefit of CBDC has a mildly expansionary effect, weakening bank market power and significantly reducing the deposit spread. As households economize on liquid asset holdings, they reduce both CBDC and depos…

Consistency of an Intercept-Shifted Synthetic-Control Estimator under Weighted Parallel Trends
Michael Guggisberg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05604 https://…

Consistency of an Intercept-Shifted Synthetic-Control Estimator under Weighted Parallel Trends
The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) in a staggered-adoption panel is estimated using an intercept-augmented synthetic-control (SCM) estimator. A weighted parallel trends plus an intercept shift, together with mild regularity on the weight vectors (non-degenerate dispersion) and expanding pre-treatment length, are sufficient for consistency allowing for heavy-tailed shocks. These conditions can be more interpretable than the autoregressive or low-rank factor models with light tails…

Residual energy of magnetohydrodynamic shocks
S. W. Good, K. J. Palmunen, C. H. K. Chen, E. K. J. Kilpua, T. V. M\"akel\"a, J. Ruohotie, C. P. Sishtla, J. E. Soljento
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20096

Residual energy of magnetohydrodynamic shocks
Residual energy quantifies the difference in energy between velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in a plasma. Recent observational evidence highlights that fast-mode interplanetary shock waves have positive residual energy, in sharp contrast to the negative residual energy of the turbulence and magnetic structures that constitute the vast majority of fluctuation power in the solar wind at magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) inertial scales. In this work, we apply the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions to de…

Instabilities at recollimation shocks in MHD jets
Stella Boula, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Gianluigi Bodo, Nektarios Vlahakis, Paolo Coppi, Agnese Costa, Alberto Sciaccaluga
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01742

Instabilities at recollimation shocks in MHD jets
AGN jet structure and stability remain uncertain; recollimation shocks are linked to morphology and variability, but the role of downstream instabilities is still unclear. We aim to investigate how jet magnetization and other physical parameters influence the development of instabilities beyond the first recollimation shock. In particular, we focus on identifying the conditions under which the centrifugal instability (CFI) is effective. We perform high-resolution 2D and 3D simulations using the…

Global Supply Chain Reallocation and Shift under Triple Crises: A U.S.-China Perspective
Wei Luo (GeospatialX Lab, Geography Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore), Siyuan Kang (GeospatialX Lab, Geography Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore), Qian Di (Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing)
https://

Global Supply Chain Reallocation and Shift under Triple Crises: A U.S.-China Perspective
US-China trade tensions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have disrupted and reshaped global supply chains. Existing studies caution that these tensions may not meaningfully reduce U.S. dependence on China-linked supply chains. This study examines the drivers of this unmet reallocation under overlapping geopolitical and public health disruptions. It investigates how these shocks jointly reconfigured bilateral trade and global value chain (GVC) participation and positioning…

Stochastic Volatility-in-mean VARs with Time-Varying Skewness
Leonardo N. Ferreira, Haroon Mumtaz, Ana Skoblar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08415 https://arx…

Stochastic Volatility-in-mean VARs with Time-Varying Skewness
This paper introduces a Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) with stochastic volatility-in-mean and time-varying skewness. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed model allows both volatility and skewness to directly affect macroeconomic variables. We provide a Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior inference and apply the model to quarterly data for the US and the UK. Empirical results show that skewness shocks have economically significant effects on output, inflation and spreads, often exc…

Polarimetric Diversity in Tidal Disruption Events: Comparative Study of Low-Polarised sources with AT2020mot
A. Floris, I. Liodakis, K. I. I. Koljonen, E. Lindfors, B. Ag\`is-Gonzalez, A. Paggi, D. Blinov, K. Nilsson, I. Agudo, P. Charalampopoulos, M. A. D\`iaz Teodori, J. Escudero Pedrosa, J. Otero-Santos, V. Piirola, M. Newsome, S. Van Velzen
https://

Polarimetric Diversity in Tidal Disruption Events: Comparative Study of Low-Polarised sources with AT2020mot
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star is disrupted by the tidal forces of a supermassive black hole (SMBH), producing bright multi-wavelength flares. Among these events, AT2020mot has so far exhibited the highest recorded optical polarisation, with tidal shocks proposed as the primary source of its polarised emission. We present a comprehensive analysis of 13 TDEs with available polarimetric observations, aiming to determine whether the unusually high polarisation of AT2020mot stems …

The centripetal pull of climate: Evidence from European Parliament elections (1989-2019)
Marco Due\~nas, Hector Galindo-Silva, Antoine Mandel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01551 ht…

The centripetal pull of climate: Evidence from European Parliament elections (1989-2019)
This paper examines the impact of temperature shocks on European Parliament elections. We combine high-resolution climate data with results from parliamentary elections between 1989 and 2019, aggregated at the NUTS-2 regional level. Exploiting exogenous variation in unusually warm and hot days during the months preceding elections, we identify the effect of short-run temperature shocks on voting behaviour. We find that temperature shocks reduce ideological polarisation and increase vote concent…

Kinetic Simulations of Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Perpendicular Electron-positron Shocks with Proton Admixture
Huan Yu, Qi Xia, Jun Fang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00403

Kinetic Simulations of Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Perpendicular Electron-positron Shocks with Proton Admixture
Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks of electron-positron plasmas with proton admixture is investigated through two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The upstream plasma, with a bulk Lorentz factor of $10$ and a magnetization parameter of 0.02, includes a small fraction of protons ($\sim 5\%$ by number). A relativistic perpendicular shock is formed by reflecting the flow off a conducting wall. The shock structure, electromagnetic fields, and particle energy spectra ar…

Bayesian Sensitivity Analyses for Policy Evaluation with Difference-in-Differences under Violations of Parallel Trends
Seong Woo Han, Nandita Mitra, Gary Hettinger, Arman Oganisian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02970

Bayesian Sensitivity Analyses for Policy Evaluation with Difference-in-Differences under Violations of Parallel Trends
Violations of the parallel trends assumption pose significant challenges for causal inference in difference-in-differences (DiD) studies, especially in policy evaluations where pre-treatment dynamics and external shocks may bias estimates. In this work, we propose a Bayesian DiD framework to allow us to estimate the effect of policies when parallel trends is violated. To address potential deviations from the parallel trends assumption, we introduce a formal sensitivity parameter representing th…

Resistive diffusion and radiative cooling effects in magnetized oblique shocks
R. Datta, E. Neill, E. Freeman, E. S. Lavine, S. Chowdhry, L. Horan IV, W. M. Potter, D. A. Hammer, B. R. Kusse, J. D. Hare
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13310

Resistive diffusion and radiative cooling effects in magnetized oblique shocks
Magnetized oblique shocks are of interest in various plasmas, including in astrophysical systems, magneto-inertial confinement fusion experiments, and in aerospace applications. Through experiments on the COBRA pulsed power facility (Cornell University, 1~MA peak current, 100~ns rise time), we investigate oblique shock formation in a system with a magnetic field, and where both radiative cooling and resistive diffusion are important. Compared to previous pulsed power experiments, which have inv…

Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs): impacts with exoplanets
Rose Waugh, Moira Jardine
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01267 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.01267

Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs): impacts with exoplanets
Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are compressions that form in stellar winds when streams of different speeds collide. They form an Archimedean spiral around the star and can compress any exoplanetary magnetospheres they impact. They may also steepen into shocks capable of accelerating particles to high energies. We model the frequency and strength of these CIRS for stars of spectral types F-M. We show that the minimum radius, $r_{CIR}=Δϕu_{slow}/Ω$, at which CIRs form varies strongly w…

Causal mechanism and mediation analysis for macroeconomics dynamics: a bridge of Granger and Sims causality
Jean-Marie Dufour, Endong Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05284 https…

Causal mechanism and mediation analysis for macroeconomics dynamics: a bridge of Granger and Sims causality
This paper introduces a novel concept of impulse response decomposition to disentangle the dynamic contributions of the mediator variables in the transmission of structural shocks. We justify our decomposition by drawing on causal mediation analysis and demonstrating its equivalence to the average mediation effect. Our result establishes a formal link between Sims and Granger causality. Sims causality captures the total effect, while Granger causality corresponds to the mediation effect. We con…

Radiative signatures of electron-ion shocks in BL Lac type objects
A. Arbet-Engels, A. Bohdan, F. Rieger, D. Paneque, F. Jenko
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18008 https://

Radiative signatures of electron-ion shocks in BL Lac type objects
Shocks are promising sites of particle acceleration in extragalactic jets. In electron-ion shocks, electrons can be heated up to large Lorentz factors, making them an attractive scenario to explain the high minimum electron Lorentz factors regularly needed to describe the emission of BL Lac objects. Still, the thermal electron component is commonly neglected when modelling the observations, although it holds key informations on the shock properties. We model the broadband emission of the HSP bl…

The Impact of a Raw Material Import Ban on Vertical Outward FDI: Theoretical Insights and Quasi-Experimental Evidence
Sajid Anwar, Sizhong Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21291 h…

The Impact of a Raw Material Import Ban on Vertical Outward FDI: Theoretical Insights and Quasi-Experimental Evidence
This paper examines how adverse supply-side shocks in domestic input markets influence firms' vertical outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) decisions. While the theoretical basis for cost-driven OFDI is well established, empirical evidence on the causal mechanisms remains limited. We develop a framework in which input cost shocks raise unit production costs, but firms undertake vertical OFDI only when shocks are sufficiently severe or when baseline costs are already high. Firm heterogeneity…

Efficient ion re-acceleration in laboratory-produced interpenetrating collisionless shocks
W. Yao, I. Cohen, P. Suarez Gerona, H. Ahmed, A. F. A. Bott, S. N. Chen, M. Cook, R. Leli\`evre, P. Martin, T. Waltenspiel, P. Antici, J. B\'eard, M. Borghesi, D. Caprioli, A. Ciardi, E. d'Humi\`eres, M. Fran\c{c}ois, L. Gremillet, A. Marcowith, M. Miceli, T. Seebaruth, S. Orlando, J. Fuchs

Efficient ion re-acceleration in laboratory-produced interpenetrating collisionless shocks
Although the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) remains an open question, collisionless magnetized shock waves are widely regarded as key sites for particle acceleration. Recent theories further suggest that shock-shock collisions in stellar clusters could provide the additional acceleration needed to explain the observed high-energy CR spectrum. Here, we investigate this hypothesis through a laser-based experiment that creates magnetized plasma conditions similar to astrophysical environments. Our re…

Formation and Evolution of Pair-Alfv\'en Shocks with PIC Simulations
John Daniel Riordan, Mark E. Dieckmann, Asaf Pe'er
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22175 https://

Formation and Evolution of Pair-Alfvén Shocks with PIC Simulations
We consider the recently discovered \emph{pair-Alfvén shock wave} occurring in collisionless electron-positron plasmas. We perform a series of Particle-In-Cell studies in one and two dimensions in order to determine the stability conditions for such a shock and the mechanisms which sustain its growth. Building on our previous simulations, which established that these shocks are initially mediated by the Weibel instability before becoming Alfvénic, we demonstrate that the shock is sustained by…

Replaced article(s) found for astro-ph.SR. https://arxiv.org/list/astro-ph.SR/new
[1/1]:
- Parallel Collisionless Shocks in strongly Magnetized Electron-Ion Plasma. I. Temperature anisotro...
Mohamad Shalaby, Antoine Bret, Federico Fraschetti

Filamentation of the electromagnetic precursor in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks
Emanuele Sobacchi, Yuri Lyubarsky, Lorenzo Sironi, Masanori Iwamoto
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22561

Filamentation of the electromagnetic precursor in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks
We present a scenario that could explain non-thermal particle acceleration in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks, such as the termination shock of pulsar wind nebulae. The shock produces a strong electromagnetic precursor that propagates into the upstream plasma, which is initially threaded by a uniform background magnetic field. We show that the filamentation instability breaks the precursor into radiation filaments parallel to the shock normal. The transverse scale of t…

Becoming Green: Decomposing the Macroeconomic Effects of Green Technology News Shocks
Oscar Jaulin, Andrey Ramos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18386 https://a…

Becoming Green: Decomposing the Macroeconomic Effects of Green Technology News Shocks
This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of news about future technological advancements in the green sector. Utilizing the economic value of green patents granted to publicly listed companies in the U.S., we identify green technology news shocks via a convenient and meaningful rotation of the innovations from a Bayesian Vector Autorregresion Model (BVAR). These shocks are decomposed into two orthogonal components: i) a common technological component shared by both green and non-green innov…

Bridging the Gap between Collisional and Collisionless Plasma Shocks: A Simulation Study using OSIRIS
Yossef Nissim Kindi, Asaf Pe'er, Antoine Bret, Lu\'is O. Silva, Kevin M. Schoeffler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11097

Bridging the Gap between Collisional and Collisionless Plasma Shocks: A Simulation Study using OSIRIS
Shock waves in plasmas can be characterized by the mechanisms behind their formation. When binary collisions are frequent, dissipation is collision-driven and the shock width is a few mean free paths. In contrast, collisionless shocks rely on collective plasma processes to establish dissipation on scales well below the mean free path. We bridge these regimes with particle-in-cell simulations using OSIRIS with a Coulomb-collision module, varying parameters that control collisionality. We find a …

The role of three-dimensional effects on ion injection and acceleration in perpendicular shocks
Luca Orusa, Damiano Caprioli, Lorenzo Sironi, Anatoly Spitkovsky
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13436

The role of three-dimensional effects on ion injection and acceleration in perpendicular shocks
Understanding the conditions that enable particle acceleration at non-relativistic collisionless shocks is essential to unveil the origin of cosmic rays. We employ 2D and 3D hybrid simulations (with kinetic ions and fluid electrons) to explore particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in non-relativistic perpendicular shocks, focusing on the role of shock drift acceleration and its dependence on the shock Mach number. We perform an analysis of the ion injection process and demonstr…

A Framework for a Comprehensive National Future Readiness Index
Ali Qassim Jawad, Xavier Sala-i-Martin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00755 https://arxiv.org/p…

A Framework for a Comprehensive National Future Readiness Index
This paper introduces the Index of Future Readiness (IFR), a novel framework for assessing a country's capacity to withstand, adapt to, and prosper within an environment of continuous and accelerating change. The framework builds on the classical distinction, first emphasized in economic discourse by Robert E. Lucas Jr. in the 1970s, between temporary shocks, which call for economic resilience, and permanent shocks, which require adaptive capacity. The IFR applies a whole-of-society perspective…

TeV Emission in NGC 4278: Shock Energetics Insufficient, Compact Origin Favored
Alberto Dom\'inguez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid,IPARCOS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07527

TeV Emission in NGC 4278: Shock Energetics Insufficient, Compact Origin Favored
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory recently detected TeV emission from the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) NGC 4278. Integral-field spectroscopy with MEGARA revealed ionized outflows on hundred-parsec scales with kinetic power $\dot E_{\rm shock} \sim 10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$, well below the TeV luminosity $L_γ \gtrsim 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The implied efficiencies, $η\gtrsim 1000$, are far above unity, showing that shocks cannot account for the TeV emission. Contempo…

Low Angular Momentum Black Hole Accretion: First GRMHD Evidence of Standing Shocks
Jirong Mao, Indu K. Dihingia, Yosuke Mizuno, Shigehiro Nagataki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22506

Low Angular Momentum Black Hole Accretion: First GRMHD Evidence of Standing Shocks
Understanding the dynamics of low angular momentum accretion flow around black holes (BHs) is essential for probing extreme plasma behavior in strong gravity, where shock formation can naturally produce variability signatures. In this paper, we perform general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of low angular momentum accretion flows onto a BH with different BH spins to investigate the accretion dynamics near the central BH region. The simulation results show the standard and …

Numerical Modeling of Relativistic Effects in Synchrotron-Emitting Shocks
Ross Ferguson, Ben Margalit
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16313 https://arxiv.org/pd…

Numerical Modeling of Relativistic Effects in Synchrotron-Emitting Shocks
Synchrotron emission is seen in a vast array of astrophysical transients, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), radio supernovae, neutron star (NS) mergers, tidal disruption events (TDEs), and fast blue optical transients (FBOTs). Despite the ubiquity of synchrotron-emitting sources, modeling of the emergent flux from these events often relies on simplified analytic approximations. These approximations are inaccurate for high-velocity shocks, where special-relativistic effects are important. Properl…

Gamma-ray Bursts
Andrew J. Levan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05297 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.05297

Gamma-ray Bursts
Gamma-ray bursts are flashes of high-energy radiation lasting from a fraction of a second to several hours. Military satellites made the first detections of GRBs in the late 1960s. The $γ$-ray emission forms from shocks in a relativistic jet launched from a compact central engine. In addition to the emission of $γ$-rays, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium yields afterglow emission that can be observed across the electromagnetic spectrum. Redshift measurements from these af…

From X-rays to High-Energy Gamma-rays: A Comprehensive Multi-Wavelength Study of Early Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
P. Tiwari, B. Banerjee, D. Miceli, G. Oganesyan, A. Ierardi, S. Macera, M. Branchesi, L. Nava, S. Mohnani, S. Agarwal, A. Shukla
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05239

From X-rays to High-Energy Gamma-rays: A Comprehensive Multi-Wavelength Study of Early Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) generate powerful relativistic jets that inject a large amount of energy into their surrounding environment, producing blast waves that accelerate particles to high energies. The GRB afterglow radiation provides a powerful means to investigate the microphysics of relativistic shocks and to probe the medium surrounding the progenitor of the burst. In this study, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of 31 GRBs observed between 2008 and 2024 from the Neil Geh…

Polarized Emission of Intrabinary Shocks in Spider Pulsars from Global 3D Kinetic Simulations
Andrew G. Sullivan, Jorge Cort\'es, Lorenzo Sironi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11625

Polarized Emission of Intrabinary Shocks in Spider Pulsars from Global 3D Kinetic Simulations
In spider pulsar systems, a relativistic intrabinary shock forms when the pulsar wind collides with the massive outflow driven off the pulsar's low-mass stellar companion. The shock is a site of non-thermal particle acceleration, likely via shock-driven magnetic reconnection, and produces synchrotron emission. These shocks are among the few systems in which global scales can be reasonably captured with kinetic simulations, enabling first-principles particle acceleration and emission studies. We…

The Role of Acoustic Instability in Cosmic-Ray Self-Confinement
Antonio Capanema, Pasquale Blasi, Emanuele Sobacchi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04635 https://

The Role of Acoustic Instability in Cosmic-Ray Self-Confinement
Over the past decades, there has been growing observational and theoretical evidence that cosmic-ray-induced instabilities play an important role in both acceleration and transport of cosmic rays (CRs). For instance, the efficient acceleration of charged particles at supernova remnant shocks requires rapidly growing instabilities, so much so that none of the proposed processes seem sufficient to warrant acceleration to PeV energies. In this work, we investigate whether an acoustic instability t…

Analysis of the Supernova Remnant IC 443 using H.E.S.S. Data
Alison M. W. Mitchell (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration), Lukas Grosspietsch (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration), Tina Wach (for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02843

Analysis of the Supernova Remnant IC 443 using H.E.S.S. Data
IC 443 is a well-known supernova remnant that stands out due to its interaction with a dense molecular cloud, creating a complex environment where shocks can efficiently accelerate particles to high energies. This makes it a key target for investigating the mechanisms of cosmic-ray acceleration and gamma-ray production, particularly in the context of supernova remnants as potential sources of PeV cosmic rays. This work presents a first analysis of the region as observed by H.E.S.S.. We detect e…

GeV-TeV Connections in Galaxies: Evolutionary Signatures from Pulsars in Globular Clusters
Ellis R. Owen, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Chung-Yue Hui, Tatsuki Fujiwara, Albert K. H. Kong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16925

GeV-TeV Connections in Galaxies: Evolutionary Signatures from Pulsars in Globular Clusters
The dominant mechanisms underlying high-energy $γ$-ray emission from galaxies vary by galaxy type. In starbursts, a major contribution comes from neutral pion decay. This is driven by interactions between interstellar gas and hadronic cosmic rays (CRs), which are accelerated in strong shocks associated star formation activity and stellar remnants. Leptonic $γ$-ray emission can also arise from electrons directly energized in interstellar shocks, produced via charged pion decays, or emitted by …

A "Faux-Shock" Method for Hybrid Simulations of Astrophysical Shocks
Emily R. Simon, Damiano Caprioli, Colby C. Haggerty, Brian Reville
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14282 …

A "Faux-Shock" Method for Hybrid Simulations of Astrophysical Shocks
We demonstrate a novel setup for hybrid particle-in-cell simulations designed to isolate the physics of the shock precursor over long time periods for significantly lower computational cost than previous methods. This is achieved using a "faux-shock" or shock-like boundary condition on one edge of our simulation domain such that particles that interact with the boundary either pass through it or are reflected off of it with a change in momentum that mimics scattering in the downstream. We show …