Tootfinder

Precise measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section and lepton differential distributions in $e\mu$ dilepton events from $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS Collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15066

Precise measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section and lepton differential distributions in $eμ$ dilepton events from $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
The inclusive top quark pair ($t\bar{t}$) cross-section $σ_{t\bar{t}}$ has been measured in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV proton-proton collisions, using 140 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Using events with an opposite-charge $eμ$ pair and $b$-tagged jets, the cross-section is measured to be: $σ_{t\bar{t}} = 829.3 \pm 1.3\,\mathrm{(stat)}\ \pm 8.0\,\mathrm{(syst)}\ \pm 7.3\,\mathrm{(lumi)}\ \pm 1.9\,\mathrm{(beam)}\,\mathrm{pb},$ where the uncertainties…

Multiplicity Distributions and the Frontier between Soft and Hard Physics
H. R. Martins-Fontes, F. S. Navarra
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15056 https://arxi…

Multiplicity Distributions and the Frontier between Soft and Hard Physics
The multiplicity distributions measured in proton proton collisions at the LHC exhibit interesting new features. One of them is the appearance of substructures, such as the so-called "shoulder" at large multiplicities. The most natural interpretation of this behavior is the existence of two production mechanisms. The final result is then a superposition of two distributions. In a previous publication we assumed that the two production mechanisms are soft and semihard partonics scatterings. In t…

What Gets Measured Gets Managed: Mitigating Supply Chain Attacks with a Link Integrity Management System
Johnny So, Michael Ferdman, Nick Nikiforakis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14583

What Gets Measured Gets Managed: Mitigating Supply Chain Attacks with a Link Integrity Management System
The web continues to grow, but dependency-monitoring tools and standards for resource integrity lag behind. Currently, there exists no robust method to verify the integrity of web resources, much less in a generalizable yet performant manner, and supply chains remain one of the most targeted parts of the attack surface of web applications. In this paper, we present the design of LiMS, a transparent system to bootstrap link integrity guarantees in web browsing sessions with minimal overhead. A…

Distance measurements from the internal dynamics of globular clusters: Application to the Sombrero galaxy (M 104)
Katja Fahrion, Michael A. Beasley, Anastasia Gvozdenko, Glenn van de Ven, Katherine L. Rhode, Ana L. Chies-Santos, Anna Ferre-Mateu, Marina Rejkuba, Oliver M\"uller, Eric Emsellem
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14948

Distance measurements from the internal dynamics of globular clusters: Application to the Sombrero galaxy (M 104)
Globular clusters (GCs) are dense star clusters found in all massive galaxies. Recent work has established that they follow a tight relation between their internal stellar velocity dispersion $σ$ and luminosity, enabling accurate distance measurements. In this work, we aim to apply this GC velocity dispersion (GCVD) distance method to measure the distance to M 104 (NGC 4594, the Sombrero galaxy). We have measured internal stellar velocity dispersions for 85 globular clusters (GCs) and one ultr…

Mapping the SO2 Shoreline in Gas Giant Exoplanets
Ian J. M. Crossfield, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Jonathan Brande, Laura Kreidberg, Joshua Lothringer, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Jesse Polman, Luis Welbanks, James Kirk, Diana Powell, Niloofar Khorshid
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14318

Mapping the SO2 Shoreline in Gas Giant Exoplanets
JWST has revealed sulfur chemistry in giant exoplanet atmospheres, where molecules such as SO2 trace photochemistry, metallicity, and formation and migration. To ascertain the conditions that determine whether (or how much) SO2, H2S, and other sulfur-bearing species are present in exoplanet atmospheres, we present a grid of planetary atmospheres covering metallicities from 0.3-1000x Solar and temperatures from 250-2050 K. These models map out the 'SO2 shoreline,' the region of metallicity and i…

Discrete measured groupoid von Neumann algebras via the Gaussian deformation
Felipe Flores, James Harbour
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15161 https://arxiv.or…

Discrete measured groupoid von Neumann algebras via the Gaussian deformation
Given a discrete measured groupoid $\mathcal{G}$, we study properties of the corresponding von Neumann algebra $L(\mathcal{G})$ using the techniques of Popa's deformation/rigidity theory. More specifically, we define and study the Gaussian deformation associated with any $1$-cocycle of $\mathcal{G}$ and use it to prove primeness and fullness under appropriate assumptions. We also characterize the maximal rigid subalgebras of $L(\mathcal{G})$ and produce unique prime factorization results for al…

Characterization of Gradient Index Fibers
Robert Leonard, Matthew Marshall, Seth Hyra, Meagan Plummer, Jacob Williamson, Spencer Olson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14390 https://

Characterization of Gradient Index Fibers
Gradient index (GRIN) fibers are used to improve the design of many fiber optic devices. However, the properties of the GRIN fiber must be determined to optimally engineer a device which incorporates GRIN fiber components. The index of refraction of most GRIN fibers varies quadratically in the radial direction, where the quadratic coefficient is characterized by the gradient index constant $g$. We measured $g$ for Thorlabs GIF50C GRIN fiber at both $780~\mathrm{nm}$ and $1550~\mathrm{nm}$ using…

Paradoxes of the public sector productivity measurement
Timo Kuosmanen, Xun Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14795 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.14795

Paradoxes of the public sector productivity measurement
This paper critically investigates standard total factor productivity (TFP) measurement in the public sector, where output information is often incomplete or distorted. The analysis reveals fundamental paradoxes under three common output measurement conventions. When cost-based value added is used as the aggregate output, measured TFP may paradoxically decline as a result of genuine productivity-enhancing changes such as technical progress and improved allocative and scale efficiencies, as well…

A Case for Computing on Unstructured Data
Mushtari Sadia, Amrita Roy Chowdhury, Ang Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14601 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.14601

A Case for Computing on Unstructured Data
Unstructured data, such as text, images, audio, and video, comprises the vast majority of the world's information, yet it remains poorly supported by traditional data systems that rely on structured formats for computation. We argue for a new paradigm, which we call computing on unstructured data, built around three stages: extraction of latent structure, transformation of this structure through data processing techniques, and projection back into unstructured formats. This bi-directional pipel…

BoN Appetit Team at LeWiDi-2025: Best-of-N Test-time Scaling Can Not Stomach Annotation Disagreements (Yet)
Tomas Ruiz, Siyao Peng, Barbara Plank, Carsten Schwemmer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12516

BoN Appetit Team at LeWiDi-2025: Best-of-N Test-time Scaling Can Not Stomach Annotation Disagreements (Yet)
Test-time scaling is a family of techniques to improve LLM outputs at inference time by performing extra computation. To the best of our knowledge, test-time scaling has been limited to domains with verifiably correct answers, like mathematics and coding. We transfer test-time scaling to the LeWiDi-2025 tasks to evaluate annotation disagreements. We experiment with three test-time scaling methods: two benchmark algorithms (Model Averaging and Majority Voting), and a Best-of-N sampling method. T…