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A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18
Abel Schootemeijer, Ylva G\"otberg, Norbert Langer, Giacomo Bortolini, Alec S. Hirschauer, Lee Patrick
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12594

A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18
Stellar wind mass loss is often assumed to depend on their metallicity $Z$. Therefore, evolutionary models of massive stars at lower $Z$ are able to retain more of their H-rich layers and evolve into brighter cool supergiants (cool SGs; $T_\mathrm{eff} < 7$ kK). Surprisingly, in galaxies in the range $0.2 \lesssim Z / Z_\odot \lesssim 1.5$ previous studies did not find a $Z$-dependence of the upper luminosity limit $L_\mathrm{max}$ of cool SGs. Here, we study four extra galaxies with HST and JW…

The Type II SN 2025pht in NGC 1637 - A Red Supergiant with Carbon-rich Circumstellar Dust as the First JWST Detection of a #Supernova Progenitor Star: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ae04de -> Webb Telescope unveils doomed star hidden in dust: https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2025/10/webb-telescope-unveils-doomed-star-hidden-in-dust?fj=1 - new finding could help solve the mystery of the missing massive red supergiants.

Mass loading of outflows from evolving Young Massive Clusters
C. J. K. Larkin, C. Hawcroft, J. Mackey, R. R. Lefever, L. H\"arer, A. A. C. Sander
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06100

Mass loading of outflows from evolving Young Massive Clusters
Feedback from Young Massive Clusters (YMCs) is an important driver of galaxy evolution. In the first few Myr, mechanical feedback is dominated by collective effects of the massive stellar winds in the YMC. The mass-loss rates and terminal wind velocities of these stars change by orders of magnitude over pre-SN timescales as the massive stars evolve, and mass-loss rates of Cool Supergiant (CSG) stars in particular are uncertain by a factor $\sim~20$ or more. In this work we perform a first study…