Tootfinder

Feature-Based Belief Aggregation for Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems
Yuchao Li, Kim Hammar, Dimitri Bertsekas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04646

Feature-Based Belief Aggregation for Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems
We consider a finite-state partially observable Markov decision problem (POMDP) with an infinite horizon and a discounted cost, and we propose a new method for computing a cost function approximation that is based on features and aggregation. In particular, using the classical belief-space formulation, we construct a related Markov decision problem (MDP) by first aggregating the unobservable states into feature states, and then introducing representative beliefs over these feature states. This …

Tribrid Inflation, Type II Leptogenesis, and Observable Gravitational Waves in $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}$
Waqas Ahmed, Saleh O. Allehabi, Farishta Israr, Mansoor Ur Rehman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05564

Tribrid Inflation, Type II Leptogenesis, and Observable Gravitational Waves in $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}$
We present a concrete realization of tribrid inflation within the framework of the gauge group $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}$. In this model, inflation is driven by the neutral components of left-handed Higgs triplets, which also play a central role in generating the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via non-thermal leptogenesis. Tiny neutrino masses arise naturally through a type-II seesaw mechanism, facilitated by right-handed triplet fields. Supergravity co…

Trinity VII. Predictions for the Observable Correlation Functions of Accreting Black Holes
Oddisey Knox, Haowen Zhang, Peter Behroozi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05612

Trinity VII. Predictions for the Observable Correlation Functions of Accreting Black Holes
The quasar correlation function assesses the occurrence of quasar pairs as a function of separation, which is strongly influenced by quasar host halo masses. The empirical Trinity model recently inferred the redshift-dependent relationship between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass, galaxy mass, and halo mass, using constraints other than correlation functions (e.g., quasar luminosity functions, active galactic nuclei occupation fractions, and SMBH mass-bulge mass relations). Hence, comparing …

Control Synthesis in Partially Observable Environments for Complex Perception-Related Objectives
Zetong Xuan, Yu Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02942 http…

Control Synthesis in Partially Observable Environments for Complex Perception-Related Objectives
Perception-related tasks often arise in autonomous systems operating under partial observability. This work studies the problem of synthesizing optimal policies for complex perception-related objectives in environments modeled by partially observable Markov decision processes. To formally specify such objectives, we introduce \emph{co-safe linear inequality temporal logic} (sc-iLTL), which can define complex tasks that are formed by the logical concatenation of atomic propositions as linear ine…

Adversarial Decision-Making in Partially Observable Multi-Agent Systems: A Sequential Hypothesis Testing Approach
Haosheng Zhou, Daniel Ralston, Xu Yang, Ruimeng Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03727

Adversarial Decision-Making in Partially Observable Multi-Agent Systems: A Sequential Hypothesis Testing Approach
Adversarial decision-making in partially observable multi-agent systems requires sophisticated strategies for both deception and counter-deception. This paper presents a sequential hypothesis testing (SHT)-driven framework that captures the interplay between strategic misdirection and inference in adversarial environments. We formulate this interaction as a partially observable Stackelberg game, where a follower agent (blue team) seeks to fulfill its primary task while actively misleading an ad…

Age-Aware CSI Acquisition of a Finite-State Markovian Channel
Onur Ayan, Jiping Luo, Xueli An, Nikolaos Pappas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05042 https://

Age-Aware CSI Acquisition of a Finite-State Markovian Channel
The Age of Information (AoI) has emerged as a critical metric for quantifying information freshness; however, its interplay with channel estimation in partially observable wireless systems remains underexplored. This work considers a transmitter-receiver pair communicating over an unreliable channel with time-varying reliability levels. The transmitter observes the instantaneous link reliability through a channel state information acquisition procedure, during which the data transmission is int…

Search for gravitational waves from eccentric binary black holes with an effective-one-body template
Yi-Fan Wang, Alexander H. Nitz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05018 https://

Search for gravitational waves from eccentric binary black holes with an effective-one-body template
As gravitational wave astronomy has entered an era of routine detections, it becomes increasingly important to precisely measure the physical parameters of individual events and infer population properties. Eccentricity is a key observable, suggesting that binaries form in a dense stellar environment through dynamical encounters. This work performs the first matched-filtering search for gravitational waves from eccentric binary black holes (BBHs) covering the mass range $[5, 200]~M_\odot$ and e…

Density Discontinuity Regression
Surya T Tokdar, Rik Sen, Haoliang Zheng, Shuangjie Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05581 https://ar…

Density Discontinuity Regression
Many policies hinge on a continuous variable exceeding a threshold, prompting strategic behavior by agents to stay on the favorable side. This creates density discontinuities at cutoffs, evident in contexts like taxable income, corporate regulations, and academic grading. Existing methods detect these discontinuities, but systematic approaches to examine how they vary with observable characteristics are lacking. We propose a novel, interpretable Bayesian framework that jointly estimates both th…

Algebraically Observable Physics-Informed Neural Network and its Application to Epidemiological Modelling
Mizuka Komatsu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04590 https://

Algebraically Observable Physics-Informed Neural Network and its Application to Epidemiological Modelling
Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is a deep learning framework that integrates the governing equations underlying data into a loss function. In this study, we consider the problem of estimating state variables and parameters in epidemiological models governed by ordinary differential equations using PINNs. In practice, not all trajectory data corresponding to the population described by models can be measured. Learning PINNs to estimate the unmeasured state variables and epidemiological pa…

Limit theorems for toral partially hyperbolic endomorphisms
Roberto Castorrini, Kasun Fernando
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05959 https://

Limit theorems for toral partially hyperbolic endomorphisms
Under natural assumptions on the observable, we prove a Central Limit Theorem, a Berry-Esseen Theorem, and a quantitative Local Limit Theorem for a broad class of partially hyperbolic endomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus. Our results apply, but are not limited to, skew-products and their perturbations, and they remain valid even when the system admits multiple, though finitely many, absolutely continuous ergodic invariant measures.

Kete: Predicting Known Minor Bodies in Images
D. Dahlen, Y. G. Kwon, J. R. Masiero, T. Spahr, A. K. Mainzer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04666 https://arxiv.…

Kete: Predicting Known Minor Bodies in Images
Kete is an open-source software package for quickly and accurately predicting the positions and magnitudes of asteroids and comets in large-scale, all-sky surveys. It can predict observable objects for any ground or space-based telescope. Kete contains a collection of tools, including simple optical and thermal modeling, $n$-body orbit calculations, and custom multi-threaded SPICE kernel support. It can be used for observation planning, pre-discovery of detections at a large scale, and labeling…

Statistical-Spatial Model for Motor Potentials Evoked Through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Development of Closed-Loop Procedures
Maryam Farahmandrad, Stefan Goetz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03416

Statistical-Spatial Model for Motor Potentials Evoked Through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Development of Closed-Loop Procedures
The primary motor cortex appears to be in the center of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It is one of few locations that provide directly observable responses, and its physiology serves as model or reference for almost all other TMS targets, e.g., through the motor threshold and spatial targeting relative to its position. It furthermore sets the safety limits for the entire brain. Its easily detectable responses have led to closed-loop methods for a range of aspects, e.g., for automated…

Sensing with Broken Symmetry: Revisiting Bound States in the Continuum
Brijesh Kumar, Elizaveta Tsiplakova, Samuel John, Parul Sharma, Nikolay Solodovchenko, Andrey Bogdanov, Shriganesh S. Prabhu, Abhishek Kumar, Anshuman Kumar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05676

Sensing with Broken Symmetry: Revisiting Bound States in the Continuum
Metasurface with bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer exceptional potential for optical sensing due to their inherently high quality (Q) factors. However, the detection of symmetry-protected BICs remains experimentally challenging due to their non-radiative nature. Introducing slight asymmetry makes these resonances observable, though it reduces the Q-factor. In real devices, intrinsic material losses further affect the resonance behavior and sensing performance. While it is often assumed…

Replaced article(s) found for math.SG. https://arxiv.org/list/math.SG/new
[1/1]:
- Multisymplectic observable reduction using constraint triples
Antonio Michele Miti, Leonid Ryvkin

CREW-WILDFIRE: Benchmarking Agentic Multi-Agent Collaborations at Scale
Jonathan Hyun, Nicholas R Waytowich, Boyuan Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05178 h…

CREW-WILDFIRE: Benchmarking Agentic Multi-Agent Collaborations at Scale
Despite rapid progress in large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems, current benchmarks fall short in evaluating their scalability, robustness, and coordination capabilities in complex, dynamic, real-world tasks. Existing environments typically focus on small-scale, fully observable, or low-complexity domains, limiting their utility for developing and assessing next-generation multi-agent Agentic AI frameworks. We introduce CREW-Wildfire, an open-source benchmark designed to close th…

Randomization and ambiguity perception
Yutaro Akita, Kensei Nakamura
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05076 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.05076

Randomization and ambiguity perception
We provide a model of preferences over lotteries of acts in which a decision maker behaves as if optimally filtering her ambiguity perception. She has a set of plausible ambiguity perceptions and a cost function over them, and chooses multiple priors to maximize the minimum expected utility minus the cost. We characterize the model by axioms on attitude toward randomization and its timing, uniquely identify the filtering cost from observable data, and conduct several comparatives. Our model can…

A job-based assessment of economic complexity: from hidden to revealed
Antonio Russo, Pasquale Scaramozzino, Andrea Zaccaria
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05846

A job-based assessment of economic complexity: from hidden to revealed
Economic complexity measures aim to quantify the capability content or endowment of industries and territories; however, capabilities are not observable, and therefore cannot be directly used in the computations. We estimate such endowments by quantifying the quality and diversity of the skills in the occupations required in specific industries. We refer to this job-based assessment as the hidden complexity, in contrast with the usual revealed complexity, which is computed from economic outputs…

An analysis of the fragmentation function of gluon at next-to-leading order approximation
H. S. Nakhaei, G. R. Boroun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05256 https://

An analysis of the fragmentation function of gluon at next-to-leading order approximation
We are investigating the behavior of the fragmentation function of a gluon, denoted as $ D_{g}(x,μ^2)$, where $μ$ represents the observable scale. This function is derived from the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations. Our objective is to evolve the fragmentation function of a gluon for heavy-quark-antiquark bound states with large transverse momentum using a Laplace transform technique. This method enables us to calculate numerical solutions for two and four…

Ergodicity and hydrodynamics: from quantum to classical spin systems
Jiaozi Wang, Luca Capizzi, Dario Poletti, Leonardo Mazza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04098 https://

Ergodicity and hydrodynamics: from quantum to classical spin systems
We show that in classical spin systems the precise nature of the late-time hydrodynamic tails of the autocorrelation functions of a generic observable is determined by (i) the dynamical critical exponent and (ii) the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the corresponding observable. We provide numerical results for one- and two-dimensional systems and present theoretical considerations that only rely on the notion of ergodicity. Our result extends to the classical framework the relaxation-ov…

Growth Rate Analysis in $f(R,L_m)$ Gravity: A Comparative Study with \boldmath$\Lambda$CDM Cosmology
G. K. Goswami, J. P. Saini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04079

Growth Rate Analysis in $f(R,L_m)$ Gravity: A Comparative Study with \boldmath$Λ$CDM Cosmology
We investigate the evolution of cosmic structures within the framework of modified gravity, specifically focusing on theories described by the function $f(R, L_m)$, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $L_m$ is the matter Lagrangian. This class of models introduces a non-minimal coupling between geometry and matter, leading to modifications in the dynamics of density perturbations. We derive the linear growth equation and compute the observable growth rate $fσ_8(z)$, which is directly accessible …

Benchmarks and applications of the nuclear deexcitation event generator \textsc{NucDeEx}
Seisho Abe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04040 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Benchmarks and applications of the nuclear deexcitation event generator \textsc{NucDeEx}
Neutron multiplicity is a key observable in recent neutrino experiments that can enhance the sensitivity of various neutrino physics searches. Nuclear deexcitation plays a significant role in neutron emissions associated with neutrino-nucleus interactions; therefore, precise prediction of this process is eessential. To address this need, a general-purpose nuclear deexcitation event generator \textsc{NucDeEx} was developed and released as an open-source package. The treatment of low-lying discre…

Uniform semiclassical observable error bound of Trotterization without the Egorov theorem: a simple algebraic proof
Di Fang, Conrad Qu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02783

Uniform semiclassical observable error bound of Trotterization without the Egorov theorem: a simple algebraic proof
Efficient simulation of the semiclassical Schrödinger equation has garnered significant attention in the numerical analysis community. While controlling the error in the unitary evolution or the wavefunction typically requires the time step size to shrink as the semiclassical parameter $h$ decreases, it has been observed -- and proved for first- and second-order Trotterization schemes -- that the error in certain classes of observables admits a time step size independent of $h$. In this work, …

Constraining the Milky Way dark matter halo with LMC-induced reflex motion
Rashid Yaaqib, Michael Petersen, Jorge Pe\~narrubia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04781 https://

Constraining the Milky Way dark matter halo with LMC-induced reflex motion
Modelling perturbations of the Milky Way (MW) halo induced by the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) offers new avenues to constrain the dark matter (DM) distribution in our Galaxy. A key observable is the reflex motion of the MW disc with respect to the halo induced by the LMC's infall, which imprints a velocity dipole on kinematics of halo stars. Here we investigate how the dipole varies with Galactocentric radius, and study the sensitivity of the reflex motion signal to different DM …

Fermionic-Adapted Shadow Tomography for dynamical correlation functions
Taehee Ko, Mancheon Han, Sangkook Choi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03192 https://arx…

Fermionic-Adapted Shadow Tomography for dynamical correlation functions
Dynamical correlation functions are essential for characterizing the response of the quantum many-body systems to the external perturbation. As their calculation is classically intractible in general, quantum algorithms are promising in this aspect, but most rely on brute force measurement strategies that evaluate one body observable pair per circuit. In this work, we introduce Fermionic-Adapted Shadow Tomography (FAST) protocols, a new framework for the efficient calculation of multiple dynami…

Reconstruction of the observable universe from the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect
Julianne Chung, Yiran Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01399 https://

Reconstruction of the observable universe from the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect
The integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect is a property of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), in which photons from the CMB are gravitationally redshifted, causing the anisotropies in the CMB. An intriguing question is whether one can infer the gravitational perturbations from the ISW effect observed near the Earth. In this work, we address the question using a tomographic reconstruction approach, similar to X-ray CT reconstruction in medical imaging. We develop the mathematical analysis for …

I love my SwiftUI Observable view-models, how I use some 150 of them in Xogot:
https://blog.la-terminal.net/blissful-ui-development-with-swiftui-and-godot/

Blissful UI Development with SwiftUI and Godot.
Xogot is a SwiftUI interface built on top of the Godot engine. To speed up development, we needed a way to build large portions of the user interface without having to compile and deploy the entire project every time. A full build of the app in Godot takes a couple

"Le Monde – Une éclipse totale de Lune visible en France le 7 septembre"
https://www.lemonde.fr/autour-du-ciel/article/2025/09/03/une-eclipse-totale-de-lune-visible-en-france-le-7-septembre_6638741_65…

Une éclipse totale de Lune visible en France le 7 septembre
Le disque éblouissant de la Pleine Lune va être éclipsé par l’ombre de la Terre et ce magnifique phénomène naturel sera observable en métropole au crépuscule et en début de nuit.

Relativistic spin precession in homogeneous background fields
Yunhua Ding, Alan Kostelecky, Arnaldo J. Vargas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05098 https://arxi…

Relativistic spin precession in homogeneous background fields
The Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation, which describes the precession of the spin of a charged Dirac particle moving in a homogeneous electromagnetic field, is generalized to include also other homogeneous background fields. The treatment incorporates observable coefficients that govern operators of mass dimensions three through six in the underlying Dirac effective field theory. A relativistic formulation valid in arbitrary inertial frames is obtained. The results are applicable to searches for…

Signals of Bursts from the Very Early Universe
Leo Stodolsky, J. Silk
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00237 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.00237

Signals of Bursts from the Very Early Universe
We consider possible observable signals from explosive events in the very early universe, ``bursts". These could be expected in connection with massive black hole or ``baby universe'' formation. We anticipate that such major disruptions of spacetime would be associated with neutrino and perhaps other pulses. While these seem to be not detectable directly, we discuss how they could lead to potentially observable signals. We analyze how the pulses from very early times may ``escape'', tha…

When not to help: planning for lasting human-AI collaboration
Mark Steyvers, Lukas Mayer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01837 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.01837

When not to help: planning for lasting human-AI collaboration
AI systems and technologies that can interact with humans in real time face a communication dilemma: when to offer assistance and how frequently. Overly frequent or contextually redundant assistance can cause users to disengage, undermining the long-term benefits of AI assistance. We introduce a cognitive modeling framework based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) that addresses this timing challenge by inferring a user's latent cognitive state related to AI engagement o…

Replaced article(s) found for physics.flu-dyn. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.flu-dyn/new
[1/1]:
- Canonical correlation decomposition of numerical and experimental data for observable diagnosis
Benshuai Lyu

The Landscape of Agentic Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: A Survey
Guibin Zhang, Hejia Geng, Xiaohang Yu, Zhenfei Yin, Zaibin Zhang, Zelin Tan, Heng Zhou, Zhongzhi Li, Xiangyuan Xue, Yijiang Li, Yifan Zhou, Yang Chen, Chen Zhang, Yutao Fan, Zihu Wang, Songtao Huang, Yue Liao, Hongru Wang, Mengyue Yang, Heng Ji, Michael Littman, Jun Wang, Shuicheng Yan, Philip Torr, Lei Bai

The Landscape of Agentic Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: A Survey
The emergence of agentic reinforcement learning (Agentic RL) marks a paradigm shift from conventional reinforcement learning applied to large language models (LLM RL), reframing LLMs from passive sequence generators into autonomous, decision-making agents embedded in complex, dynamic worlds. This survey formalizes this conceptual shift by contrasting the degenerate single-step Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) of LLM-RL with the temporally extended, partially observable Markov decision processes…

Engineered over Emergent Communication in MARL for Scalable and Sample-Efficient Cooperative Task Allocation in a Partially Observable Grid
Brennen A. Hill, Mant Koh En Wei, Thangavel Jishnuanandh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02912

Engineered over Emergent Communication in MARL for Scalable and Sample-Efficient Cooperative Task Allocation in a Partially Observable Grid
We compare the efficacy of learned versus engineered communication strategies in a cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) environment. For the learned approach, we introduce Learned Direct Communication (LDC), where agents generate messages and actions concurrently via a neural network. Our engineered approach, Intention Communication, employs an Imagined Trajectory Generation Module (ITGM) and a Message Generation Network (MGN) to formulate messages based on predicted future sta…

Locally induced traveling waves generate globally observable traveling waves #neuroscience

Locally induced traveling waves generate globally observable traveling waves
Cortical traveling waves have been proposed as a fundamental mechanism for neural communication and computation. Methodological uncertainties currently limit the interpretability of non-invasive, extracranial traveling wave data, sparking debates about their cortical origin. Studies using EEG or MEG typically report waves that cover large portions of the sensor array which are often interpreted as reflecting long range cortical waves. Meanwhile, invasive, intracranial recordings in humans and a…

Adaptive t Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic Scale Enforcement
Samuel Punch, Krishnendu Guha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00812 https://arxiv.org/p…

Adaptive t Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic Scale Enforcement
Cloud quantum services can reveal circuit structure and timing through scheduler metadata, latency patterns, and co-tenant interference. We introduce NADGO (Noise-Adaptive Dummy-Gate Obfuscation), a scheduling and obfuscation stack that enforces operational privacy for gate-model workloads by applying per-interval limits on observable information leakage. To support confidentiality and fair multi-tenancy, operators require a method to audit compliance at acceptable overheads. NADGO combines: (i…

OpenGuide: Assistive Object Retrieval in Indoor Spaces for Individuals with Visual Impairments
Yifan Xu, Qianwei Wang, Vineet Kamat, Carol Menassa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02425

OpenGuide: Assistive Object Retrieval in Indoor Spaces for Individuals with Visual Impairments
Indoor built environments like homes and offices often present complex and cluttered layouts that pose significant challenges for individuals who are blind or visually impaired, especially when performing tasks that involve locating and gathering multiple objects. While many existing assistive technologies focus on basic navigation or obstacle avoidance, few systems provide scalable and efficient multi-object search capabilities in real-world, partially observable settings. To address this gap,…

TUM-MiKaNi at SemEval-2025 Task 3: Towards Multilingual and Knowledge-Aware Non-factual Hallucination Identification
Miriam Ansch\"utz, Ekaterina Gikalo, Niklas Herbster, Georg Groh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00579

TUM-MiKaNi at SemEval-2025 Task 3: Towards Multilingual and Knowledge-Aware Non-factual Hallucination Identification
Hallucinations are one of the major problems of LLMs, hindering their trustworthiness and deployment to wider use cases. However, most of the research on hallucinations focuses on English data, neglecting the multilingual nature of LLMs. This paper describes our submission to the SemEval-2025 Task-3 - Mu-SHROOM, the Multilingual Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes. We propose a two-part pipeline that combines retrieval-based fact verification against Wik…

Was SNR 0509-67.5 the result of a double detonation?
Soham Mandal, Parviz Ghavamian, Priyam Das, Ivo Rolf Seitenzahl, Shazrene Mohamed, Ashley J. Ruiter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02422

Was SNR 0509-67.5 the result of a double detonation?
Type Ia supernovae (SNe) occur when a white dwarf (WD) is disrupted by runaway thermonuclear burning. The nature and observable signatures of the mechanism triggering the explosion are still debated. In this work, we study how supernova remnants (SNRs) are impacted by the `double detonation' explosion mechanism, or a helium shell detonation in a sub-Chandrasekhar WD followed by a core detonation. We evolve double detonation SN models to the remnant phase (up to several centuries) and measure th…

Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon) is doing very well already, months before its perihelion - and it's not a transient outburst: "To measure the total brightness, the entire coma of 7' was used in Astrometrica," writes Michael Jäger in #comet *could* thus reach 2nd or 1st magnitude in late October / early November when it's observable in Ser, Her and Oph at a solar elongation of around 35° ... unless it decides to stay dimmer, of course.

Transition from exceptional points to observable nonlinear bifurcation points in anti-PT symmetric coupled cavity systems
Takahiro Uemura, Kenta Takata, Masaya Notomi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01062

Transition from exceptional points to observable nonlinear bifurcation points in anti-PT symmetric coupled cavity systems
Exceptional points (EPs) in anti-parity-time (APT)-symmetric systems have attracted significant interest. While linear APT-symmetric systems exhibit structural similarities with nonlinear dissipative systems, such as mutually injection-locked lasers, the correspondence between exceptional points in linear non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and bifurcation phenomena in nonlinear lasing dynamics has remained unclear. We demonstrated that, in a two-cavity system with APT symmetry and gain saturation nonli…

Strengthening the Uncertainty and the Reverse Uncertainty Relation Limits
M. Y. Abd-Rabbou, Cong-Feng Qiao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02036 https://arxiv.o…

Strengthening the Uncertainty and the Reverse Uncertainty Relation Limits
Uncertainty relations are pivotal in delineating the limits of simultaneous measurements for observables. In this paper, we derive four novel uncertainty and reverse uncertainty relations for the sum of variances of two incompatible observables, leveraging the mathematical framework of the Maligranda inequality. These relations are shown to provide tighter bounds than several well-known existing relations. Furthermore, we extend these results to multi-observable scenarios by employing an inequa…

Programming and Reasoning in Partially Observable Probabilistic Environments
Tobias G\"urtler, Benjamin Lucien Kaminski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13491

Programming and Reasoning in Partially Observable Probabilistic Environments
Probabilistic partial observability is a phenomenon occuring when computer systems are deployed in environments that behave probabilistically and whose exact state cannot be fully observed. In this work, we lay the theoretical groundwork for a probabilistic belief programming language pBLIMP, which maintains a probability distribution over the possible environment states, called a belief state. pBLIMP has language features to symbolically model the behavior of and interaction with the partially…

Observer Time from Causality in Perturbative Quantum Gravity
Allic Sivaramakrishnan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16109 https://arxiv.or…

Observer Time from Causality in Perturbative Quantum Gravity
It is unclear whether an observable notion of time exists in quantum gravity even in principle because spacetime itself fluctuates. We propose a form of observable time in perturbative quantum gravity. First, we define an elapsed proper time in curved space using intersections of worldlines and future light cones. Here, time arises from causality via the dependence on light cones. We then propose that performing the gravitational path integral describes quantum gravity corrections to this notio…

Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models
Ilja Dorsner, Svjetlana Fajfer, Shaikh Saad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00145 https:…

Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models
Next-generation experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the European Spallation Source, are set to dramatically improve sensitivity to neutron-antineutron oscillation that is a direct probe of $ΔB = 2$ baryon number violation. The discovery of such a rare process would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model and could point to specific unified theories that allow observable $n-\overline{n}$ transitions. We accordingly examine $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations within a …

Finite-Horizon Partially Observable Semi-Markov Games with Risk Probability Criteria
Xin Wen, Li Xia, Zhihui Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17791 https://ar…

Finite-Horizon Partially Observable Semi-Markov Games with Risk Probability Criteria
This paper studies partially observable two-person zero-sum semi-Markov games under a probability criterion, in which the system state may not be completely observed. It focuses on the probability that the accumulated rewards of player 1 (i.e., the incurred costs of player 2) fall short of a specified target at the terminal stage, which represents the risk of player 1 and the capacity of player 2. We study the game model via the technology of augmenting state space with the joint conditional di…

A Case for AXI
Viktor Tsyrennikov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03035 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.03035

A Case for AXI
In the LIBOR era, banks routinely tied revolving credit facilities to credit-sensitive benchmarks. This study assesses the Across-the-Curve Credit Spread Index (AXI) -- a transparent, transaction-based measure of wholesale bank funding costs -- as a complement to SOFR, summarizing its behavior, construction, and loan-pricing implications. AXI aggregates observable unsecured funding transactions across short- and long-term maturities to produce a daily credit spread that is IOSCO-aligned and ope…

Interferometric signature of higher-order images in a parametrized framework
Fabiano Feleppa, Fabio Aratore, Valerio Bozza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03615 https://

Interferometric signature of higher-order images in a parametrized framework
This paper investigates gravitational lensing in the strong deflection limit, focusing particularly on higher-order images produced near compact objects such as black holes and their observable impact through the visibility function. Employing a robust parametrization framework proposed by Rezzolla and Zhidenko, the study systematically explores deviations from the Schwarzschild metric. A detailed theoretical analysis of interferometric observables is provided, highlighting how higher-order ima…

Analysis of spectral modification of $\phi$ mesons at finite density using a transport approach in the 12 GeV pA reactions
PS E325 Collaboration, Masaya Ichikawa (JAEA, KEK), Philipp Gubler (JAEA), Junsei Chiba (KEK), Hideto En'yo (RIKEN), Yoshinori Fukao (Kyoto Univ), Haruhiko Funahashi (Kyoto Univ), Hideki Hamagaki (CNS), Masaharu Ieiri (KEK), Masaya Ishino (Kyoto Univ), Hiroki Kanda (Kyoto Univ), Masaaki Kitaguchi (Kyoto Univ), Satoshi Mihara (Kyoto Univ), Koji Miwa (Kyoto Univ)…

Analysis of spectral modification of $ϕ$ mesons at finite density using a transport approach in the 12 GeV pA reactions
The hadron spectrum at finite density is an important observable for exploring the origin of hadron masses. In the KEK-PS E325 experiment, the di-electron decays of phi mesons inside and outside nuclei were measured using 12 GeV pA reactions. In the previous analysis, a significant excess was observed on the low-mass side of the phi meson peak in the data for slow-moving phi mesons ($βγ=p_ϕ/m_ϕ<1.25$) with the Cu target, and in-medium vector meson spectral modification was verified. We newl…

A background-free signal of jet-induced diffusion wake in quark-gluon plasma
Zhong Yang, Xin-Nian Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04194 https://arxiv.org/p…

A background-free signal of jet-induced diffusion wake in quark-gluon plasma
Rapidity asymmetry of jet-hadron correlation has been proposed as a robust signal of dijet-induced diffusion wake in quark-gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We generalize this observable to other jet configurations such as γ/Z0-jets and propose a new method to compute the rapidity asymmetry that is free of background. In this new method, the rapidity of the trigger is fixed or restricted to a symmetrical range while the rapidity of the associated jet is varied. The rapidity asy…

Order Book Filtration and Directional Signal Extraction at High Frequency
Aditya Nittur Anantha, Shashi Jain, Prithwish Maiti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22712 https://

Order Book Filtration and Directional Signal Extraction at High Frequency
With the advent of electronic capital markets and algorithmic trading agents, the number of events in tick-by-tick market data has exploded. A large fraction of these orders is transient. Their ephemeral character degrades the informativeness of directional alphas derived from the limit order book (LOB) state. We investigate whether directional signals such as order book imbalance (OBI) can be improved by structurally filtering high-frequency LOB data. Three real-time, observable filtration sch…

Improving Community Detection in Academic Networks by Handling Publication Bias
Md Asaduzzaman Noor, John Sheppard, Jason Clark
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20449 https://

Improving Community Detection in Academic Networks by Handling Publication Bias
Finding potential research collaborators is a challenging task, especially in today's fast-growing and interdisciplinary research landscape. While traditional methods often rely on observable relationships such as co-authorships and citations to construct the research network, in this work, we focus solely on publication content to build a topic-based research network using BERTopic with a fine-tuned SciBERT model that connects and recommends researchers across disciplines based on shared topic…

How #Quarkus works with #OpenTelemetry on #OpenShift

S3 Mirror: S3Mirror: Making Genomic Data Transfers Fast, Reliable, and Observable with DBOS
Steven Vasquez-Grinnell, Alex Poliakov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10886

S3 Mirror: S3Mirror: Making Genomic Data Transfers Fast, Reliable, and Observable with DBOS
To meet the needs of a large pharmaceutical organization, we set out to create S3Mirror - an application for transferring large genomic sequencing datasets between S3 buckets quickly, reliably, and observably. We used the DBOSTransact durable execution framework to achieve these goals and benchmarked the performance and cost of the application. S3Mirror is an open source DBOS Python application that can run in a variety of environments, including DBOS Cloud Pro where it runs as much as 40x fast…

Nonlinear Network Reconstruction by Pairwise Time-delayed Transfer Entropy
Kai Chen, Zhong-qi K. Tian, Yifei Chen, Songting Li, Douglas Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02304

Nonlinear Network Reconstruction by Pairwise Time-delayed Transfer Entropy
Analyzing network structural connectivity is crucial for understanding dynamics and functions of complex networks across disciplines. In many networks, structural connectivity is not observable, which requires to be inferred via causal inference methods. Among them, transfer entropy (TE) is one of the most broadly applied causality measure due to its model-free property. However, TE often faces the curse of dimensionality in high-dimensional probability estimation, and the relation between the …

Macroscopic fluctuation theory from a Lagrangian viewpoint and the Schr\"odinger problem
L. Bertini, D. Gabrielli, G. Jona-Lasinio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22085

Macroscopic fluctuation theory from a Lagrangian viewpoint and the Schrödinger problem
We formulate the Schrödinger problem for interacting particle systems in the hydrodynamical regime thus extending the standard setting of independent particles. This involves the large deviations rate function for the empirical measure which is in fact a richer observable than the hydrodynamic observables density and current. In the case in which the constraints are the initial and final density, we characterize the optimal measure for the Schrödinger problem. We also introduce versions of th…

Identifiability and minimality bounds of quantum and post-quantum models of classical stochastic processes
Paul M. Riechers, Thomas J. Elliott
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03004 h…

Identifiability and minimality bounds of quantum and post-quantum models of classical stochastic processes
To make sense of the world around us, we develop models, constructed to enable us to replicate, describe, and explain the behaviours we see. Focusing on the broad case of sequences of correlated random variables, i.e., classical stochastic processes, we tackle the question of determining whether or not two different models produce the same observable behavior. This is the problem of identifiability. Curiously, the physics of the model need not correspond to the physics of the observations; rece…

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for generalized time-reversal observables
Tetta Indo, Yoshihiko Hasegawa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01981 https://arxiv.…

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for generalized time-reversal observables
Time-reversal symmetry plays an essential role in the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which bound the fluctuations of observables in terms of the associated dissipation. In fact, thermodynamic uncertainty relations are typically derived under the assumption that the observable of interest is antisymmetric under time reversal. This also suggests that existing thermodynamic uncertainty relations are restricted to a limited class of observables. In this paper, we mitigate this restriction by i…

Testing Dark Matter with Generative Models for Extragalactic Stellar Streams
Jacob Nibauer, Sarah Pearson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02666 https://arxiv.or…

Testing Dark Matter with Generative Models for Extragalactic Stellar Streams
Upcoming ground and space-based surveys are poised to illuminate low surface brightness tidal features, providing a new observable connection to dark matter physics. From imaging of tidal debris, the morphology of stellar streams can be used to infer the geometry of dark matter halos. In this paper, we develop a generative approach, X-Stream, which translates stream imaging into constraints on the radial density profile of dark matter halos--from the inner region out to the virial radius. Using…

Is $\omega_0 \omega_a$CDM a good model for the clumpy Universe?
Fernanda Oliveira, Felipe Avila, Camila Franco, Armando Bernui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00779

Is $ω_0 ω_a$CDM a good model for the clumpy Universe?
The DESI collaboration just obtained a set of precise BAO measurements, that combined with CMB and SNIa datasets show that the $ω_0 ω_a$CDM model is preferred over $Λ$CDM, at more than $4\,σ$, to describe the dynamics of the expanding Universe. This raises the question whether this model also suitably describes the clumpy Universe. Also lately, detailed analyses of diverse cosmic tracers resulted in a new dataset of measurements of an observable from the clumpy Universe: $σ_8(z)$, spanning…

An overview of Koopman-based control: From error bounds to closed-loop guarantees
Robin Str\"asser, Karl Worthmann, Igor Mezi\'c, Julian Berberich, Manuel Schaller, Frank Allg\"ower
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02839

An overview of Koopman-based control: From error bounds to closed-loop guarantees
Controlling nonlinear dynamical systems remains a central challenge in a wide range of applications, particularly when accurate first-principle models are unavailable. Data-driven approaches offer a promising alternative by designing controllers directly from observed trajectories. A wide range of data-driven methods relies on the Koopman-operator framework that enables linear representations of nonlinear dynamics via lifting into higher-dimensional observable spaces. Finite-dimensional approxi…

X-ray polarization of reflected thermal emission
J. Podgorn\'y, M. Dov\v{c}iak, R. Goosmann, F. Marin, L. Marra, G. Matt, A. R\'o\.za\'nska, R. Taverna
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23687

X-ray polarization of reflected thermal emission
X-ray thermal emission is inherent in neutron-star and black-hole X-ray binary systems. Within these systems, it may reflect from optically thick matter, which will create characteristic observable X-ray spectro-polarimetric features. We compute rest-frame reflection spectra and the corresponding energy-dependent linear polarization degree and angle for (un)polarized single-temperature black-body spectra impinging on a partially ionized constant-density optically thick slab. We use a combinatio…

Self-Employment as a Signal: Career Concerns with Hidden Firm Performance
Georgy Lukyanov, Konstantin Popov, Shubh Lashkery
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01265 https://

Self-Employment as a Signal: Career Concerns with Hidden Firm Performance
We analyze a dynamic labor market in which a worker with career concerns chooses each period between (i) self-employment that makes output publicly observable and (ii) employment at a firm that pays a flat wage but keeps individual performance hidden from outside observers. Output is binary and the worker is risk averse. The worker values future opportunities through a reputation for talent; firms may be benchmark (myopic) (ignoring the informational content of an application) or equilibrium (u…

Forward and Backward Simulations for Partially Observable Probability
Chris Chen, Annabelle McIver, Carroll Morgan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08437 https:/…

Forward and Backward Simulations for Partially Observable Probability
Data refinement is the standard extension of a refinement relation from programs to datatypes (i.e. a behavioural subtyping relation). Forward/backward simulations provide a tractable method for establishing data refinement, and have been thoroughly studied for nondeterministic programs. However, for standard models of mixed probability and nondeterminism, ordinary assignment statements may not commute with (variable-disjoint) program fragments. This (1) invalidates a key assumption underlying …

Rethinking Denial-of-Service: A Conditional Taxonomy Unifying Availability and Sustainability Threats
Mark Dorsett, Scott Man, Tim Koussas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19283 https…

Rethinking Denial-of-Service: A Conditional Taxonomy Unifying Availability and Sustainability Threats
This paper proposes a unified, condition-based framework for classifying both legacy and cloud-era denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The framework comprises three interrelated models: a formal conditional tree taxonomy, a hierarchical lattice structure based on order theory, and a conceptual Venn diagram. At its core, the taxonomy introduces six observable conditions (C0-C5) grounded in real-world attack behaviours, including source distribution, traffic volume, infrastructure targeting, and fin…

Observation of charge–parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays: #universe.

Misspecifications in structural equation modeling: The choice of latent variables, causal-formative constructs or composites
Jonas Bauer, Axel Mayer, Christiane Fuchs, Tamara Schamberger
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21998

Misspecifications in structural equation modeling: The choice of latent variables, causal-formative constructs or composites
Empirical research in many social disciplines involves constructs that are not directly observable, such as behaviors. To model them, constructs must be operationalized using their relations with indicators. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is the primary approach for this purpose. In SEM, three types of constructs are distinguished: latent variables, causal-formative constructs, and composites. To estimate the parameters of the different models, various estimators have been developed. Many M…

Probing Cosmic Ray Composition and Muon-philic Dark Matter via Muon Tomography
Cheng-en Liu, Rongfeng Zhang, Zijian Wang, Andrew Michael Levin, Leyun Gao, Jinning Li, Minxiao Fan, Youpeng Wu, Qite Li, Chen Zhou, Qiang Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23458

Probing Cosmic Ray Composition and Muon-philic Dark Matter via Muon Tomography
This work presents a novel cosmic-ray scattering experiment employing a Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) muon tomography system. By introducing the scattering angle between incident and outgoing cosmic-ray tracks as a key observable, this approach enables simultaneous studies of secondary cosmic-ray composition and searching for new physics. During a 63-day campaign, 1.18 million cosmic ray scattering events were recorded and analyzed. By performing combined template fits to the observed angular …

Probing minimal observable length with dark modes in an optomechanical detector
Wenlin Li, Xingli Li, Najmeh Eshaqi-Sani, Wen-zhao Zhang, Jiong Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10389

Probing minimal observable length with dark modes in an optomechanical detector
Several theories that attempt to unify quantum theory and gravitational theory assume that space has an observable limiting resolution related to the Planck length, denoted by $\sqrt{β_0}L_p$. Quantum mechanically, this concept derives a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and the corresponding modified commutator. The prediction and observation of GUP-induced new physics, as well as the quantitative measurement of the value of $β_0$, may provide substantial support for the establishment …

Adaptive Articulated Object Manipulation On The Fly with Foundation Model Reasoning and Part Grounding
Xiaojie Zhang, Yuanfei Wang, Ruihai Wu, Kunqi Xu, Yu Li, Liuyu Xiang, Hao Dong, Zhaofeng He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18276

Adaptive Articulated Object Manipulation On The Fly with Foundation Model Reasoning and Part Grounding
Articulated objects pose diverse manipulation challenges for robots. Since their internal structures are not directly observable, robots must adaptively explore and refine actions to generate successful manipulation trajectories. While existing works have attempted cross-category generalization in adaptive articulated object manipulation, two major challenges persist: (1) the geometric diversity of real-world articulated objects complicates visual perception and understanding, and (2) variation…

Iterative HOMER with uncertainties
Anja Butter, Ayodele Ore, Sofia Palacios Schweitzer, Tilman Plehn, Beno\^it Assi, Christian Bierlich, Philip Ilten, Tony Menzo, Stephen Mrenna, Manuel Szewc, Michael K. Wilkinson, Ahmed Youssef, Jure Zupan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03592

Iterative HOMER with uncertainties
We present iHOMER, an iterative version of the HOMER method to extract Lund fragmentation functions from experimental data. Through iterations, we address the information gap between latent and observable phase spaces and systematically remove bias. To quantify uncertainties on the inferred weights, we use a combination of Bayesian neural networks and uncertainty-aware regression. We find that the combination of iterations and uncertainty quantification produces well-calibrated weights that acc…

Backpropagation in unstable diffusions
Angxiu Ni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21497 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.21497

Backpropagation in unstable diffusions
We derive the adjoint path-kernel method for the parameter-gradient of SDEs, where the observable is averaged at a particular time or over the stationary measure. Its cost is almost independent of the number of parameters; it extends the conventional backpropagation method to cases with gradient explosion. It works for non-hyperbolic systems with multiplicative noise controlled by parameters. We derive a Monte-Carlo-type algorithm and demonstrate it on the 40-dimensional Lorenz 96 system.

Tsunami modeling with dynamic seafloors: a high-order solver validated with shallow water benchmarks
Thomas Melkior (LMPS, LGENS), Harsha S Bhat (LGENS), Faisal Amlani (LMPS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20596

Tsunami modeling with dynamic seafloors: a high-order solver validated with shallow water benchmarks
Recent scientific studies have suggested that, in certain physical configurations, the time-dependent behavior of earthquake rupture and seafloor (bathymetry) motion can leave observable near-field signatures in tsunami wave generation and propagation. However, dynamic ground movement is often neglected in conventional tsunami models, which commonly assume instantaneous ground displacement (sourcing). This work introduces a pseudo-spectral algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear shallow wat…

A Late-Time Rise in Planet Occurrence Reproduces the Galactic Height Trend in Planet Occurrence
Christopher Lam, Sarah Ballard, Sheila Sagear, Kathryne J. Daniel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21250

A Late-Time Rise in Planet Occurrence Reproduces the Galactic Height Trend in Planet Occurrence
While stellar metallicity has long been known to correlate with planetary properties, the galactic metallicity gradient alone does not account for the trend. It is therefore possible that there exists some time-dependent component to planet occurrence in the Milky Way over Gyr timescales, driven by something other than the metal enrichment of the ISM. In this paper, we investigate the observable effect of a time-dependent planet occurrence rate upon a Kepler-like sample of stars. Using a novel …

Partially Observable Residual Reinforcement Learning for PV-Inverter-Based Voltage Control in Distribution Grids
Sarra Bouchkati, Ramil Sabirov, Steffen Kortmann, Andreas Ulbig
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19353

Partially Observable Residual Reinforcement Learning for PV-Inverter-Based Voltage Control in Distribution Grids
This paper introduces an efficient Residual Reinforcement Learning (RRL) framework for voltage control in active distribution grids. Voltage control remains a critical challenge in distribution grids, where conventional Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods often suffer from slow training convergence and inefficient exploration. To overcome these challenges, the proposed RRL approach learns a residual policy on top of a modified Sequential Droop Control (SDC) mechanism, ensuring faster convergenc…

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the High-redshift Universe: Prospect of the PRIMA FIRESS low-resolution spectroscopy
Ilsang Yoon, Brandon Hensley, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Irene Shivaei, Ismael Garcia-Bernete, Grant P. Donnelly, Alexandra Pope, J. D. T. Smith, Paul Torrey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02470…

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the High-redshift Universe: Prospect of the PRIMA FIRESS low-resolution spectroscopy
The integrated luminosity from the features of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exceeds the luminosity from atomic and molecular emission lines in the star-forming regions in galaxies and is a potential tracer of galaxy-scale star formation and molecular gas content of the high-redshift universe. We simulate the observable PAH spectra using the PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics far-infrared enhanced survey spectrometer (FIRESS) and investigate the capability of the FIRESS l…

Observable signatures of Black Holes with Hernquist Dark Matter Halo having a cloud of strings: From Geodesics to Shadow
Faizuddin Ahmed, Ahmad Al-Badawi, \.Izzet Sakall{\i}
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18457

Observable signatures of Black Holes with Hernquist Dark Matter Halo having a cloud of strings: From Geodesics to Shadow
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of a novel black hole (BH) spacetime: a Schwarzschild BH embedded in a Hernquist-type dark matter halo (HDMH) and surrounded by a cloud of cosmic strings (CSs) -- collectively termed the Schwarzschild-HDMH with CS (SHDMHCS) configuration. By analyzing the spacetime geometry, we explore how key parameters -- the core radius and halo density of the dark matter, along with the string tension -- affect the geodesic motion of both massless and mas…

Imprints of gravitational-wave polarizations on projected tidal tensor in three dimensions
Yusuke Mikura, Teppei Okumura, Misao Sasaki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23302 https://

Imprints of gravitational-wave polarizations on projected tidal tensor in three dimensions
Gravitational waves (GWs) distort galaxy shapes through the tidal effect, offering a novel avenue to probe the nature of gravity. In this paper, we investigate how extra GW polarizations beyond those predicted by general relativity imprint observable signatures on galaxy shapes. Since galaxy shapes are measured as two-dimensional images projected onto the celestial sphere, we present three-dimensional statistical quantities of the projected tidal tensor sourced by the tensor perturbation. We sh…

RecBayes: Recurrent Bayesian Ad Hoc Teamwork in Large Partially Observable Domains
Jo\~ao G. Ribeiro, Yaniv Oren, Alberto Sardinha, Matthijs Spaan, Francisco S. Melo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15756

RecBayes: Recurrent Bayesian Ad Hoc Teamwork in Large Partially Observable Domains
This paper proposes RecBayes, a novel approach for ad hoc teamwork under partial observability, a setting where agents are deployed on-the-fly to environments where pre-existing teams operate, that never requires, at any stage, access to the states of the environment or the actions of its teammates. We show that by relying on a recurrent Bayesian classifier trained using past experiences, an ad hoc agent is effectively able to identify known teams and tasks being performed from observations alo…

Probing the Chern-Simons Portal at the HL-LHC through Displaced Vertices from W Boson Associated Production
Mohammad Nourbakhsh, Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04031

Probing the Chern-Simons Portal at the HL-LHC through Displaced Vertices from W Boson Associated Production
This study explores the Chern-Simons portal model, an extension of the Standard Model that introduces a massive neutral vector boson $X$ associated with a $U_X(1)$ gauge symmetry. Motivated by gauge anomaly cancellation, the model incorporates heavy chiral fermions that induce observable effects through topological Chern-Simons interactions, despite being inaccessible at Large Hadron Collider energies. We investigate the associated production of the $X$ boson with a $W$ boson and jets at the Hi…

Computing optimal policies for managing inventories with noisy observations
Eugene Feinberg, Jefferson Huang, Pavlo Kasyanov, Thomas O'Neill
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19765

Computing optimal policies for managing inventories with noisy observations
This paper implements the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm for computing optimal policies for partially observable single-product periodic review inventory control problems with setup costs and backorders. The decision maker does not know the exact inventory level, but can obtain noise-corrupted observations of them. The goal is to maximize the expected total discounted costs incurred over a finite planning horizon. We also investigate the Gaussian version of this problem wit…

Non-classicality at equilibrium and efficient predictions under non-commuting charges
Lodovico Scarpa, Nishan Ranabhat, Amit Te'eni, Abdulla Alhajri, Vlatko Vedral, Fabio Anza, Luis Pedro Garc\'ia-Pintos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22882

Non-classicality at equilibrium and efficient predictions under non-commuting charges
A quantum thermodynamic system can conserve non-commuting observables, but the consequences of this phenomenon on relaxation are still not fully understood. We investigate this problem by leveraging an observable-dependent approach to equilibration and thermalization in isolated quantum systems. We extend such approach to scenarios with non-commuting charges, and show that it can accurately estimate the equilibrium distribution of coarse observables without access to the energy eigenvalues and …

Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space
Alexandre Toubiana, Davide Gerosa, Matthew Mould, Stefano Rinaldi, Manuel Arca Sedda, Tristan Bruel, Riccardo Buscicchio, Jonathan Gair, Lavinia Paiella, Filippo Santoliquido, Rodrigo Tenorio, Cristiano Ugolini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13249

Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space
Comparing population-synthesis models to the results of hierarchical Bayesian inference in gravitational-wave astronomy requires a careful understanding of the domain of validity of the models fitted to data. This comparison is usually done using the inferred astrophysical distribution: from the data that were collected, one deconvolves selection effects to reconstruct the generating population distribution. In this letter, we demonstrate the benefits of instead comparing observable populations…

Calibrating $\rm{DM_{IGM}}-z$ relation using host galaxies of FRBs
Rui-Nan Li (NJU), Ke Xu (NJU), Dao-Hong Gao (NJU), Qin Wu (NJU), Shuang-Xi Yi (NJU), F. Y. Wang (NJU)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01270

Calibrating $\rm{DM_{IGM}}-z$ relation using host galaxies of FRBs
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic radio transients that offer valuable insight of intergalactic medium (IGM). However, the dispersion measure (DM) contributed by IGM ($\rm{DM_{IGM}}$) is degenerated with that from the host galaxy ($\rm{DM_{host}}$), necessitating calibration of the $\rm{DM_{IGM}}$$-z$ relation for cosmological applications. As $\rm{DM_{host}}$ is expected to correlate with host galaxy properties, it is feasible to estimate $\rm{DM_{host}}$ from observable host characte…

On the gravitational waves from super massive RHNs produced at preheating
Shinya Kanemura, Kunio Kaneta, Dibyendu Nanda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00315 https://

On the gravitational waves from super massive RHNs produced at preheating
The post-inflationary production of supermassive particles can have profound implications for the thermal history of the universe and may leave observable imprints in the gravitational wave (GW) background. In scenarios where the inflaton couples predominantly to heavy fields, say right-handed neutrino (RHN), non-perturbative mechanisms such as parametric resonance can lead to their efficient production, even when their masses exceed the inflaton mass. Once produced, the RHNs emit gravitons thr…

Biased Domain Walls and the Origin of Early Massive Structures
Clara Winckler, Pedro P. Avelino, Lara Sousa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22812 https://arxiv.…

Biased Domain Walls and the Origin of Early Massive Structures
Discrete symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the early universe may have caused the formation of networks of sheet-like topological defects, usually referred to as domain walls, which separate regions that have settled into different vacuum states. Field theory simulations predict the successive collapse of increasingly larger domains, which could potentially leave observable imprints in present-day large-scale structures. We use the parameter-free velocity-dependent one-scale model to provi…

Randomised composite linear-combination-of-unitaries: its role in quantum simulation and observable estimation
Jinzhao Sun, Pei Zeng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15658

Randomised composite linear-combination-of-unitaries: its role in quantum simulation and observable estimation
Randomisation is widely used in quantum algorithms to reduce the number of quantum gates and ancillary qubits required. A range of randomised algorithms, including eigenstate property estimation by spectral filters, Hamiltonian simulation, and perturbative quantum simulation, though motivated and designed for different applications, share common features in the use of unitary decomposition and Hadamard-test-based implementation. In this work, we start by analysing the role of randomised linear-…

Observable Optimization for Precision Theory: Machine Learning Energy Correlators
Arindam Bhattacharya, Katherine Fraser, Matthew D. Schwartz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10988 ht…

Observable Optimization for Precision Theory: Machine Learning Energy Correlators
The practice of collider physics typically involves the marginalization of multi-dimensional collider data to uni-dimensional observables relevant for some physics task. In any cases, such as classification or anomaly detection, the observable can be arbitrarily complicated, such as the output of a neural network. However, for precision measurements, the observable must correspond to something computable systematically beyond the level of current simulation tools. In this work, we demonstrate t…

Policy Optimization in Multi-Agent Settings under Partially Observable Environments
Ainur Zhaikhan, Malek Khammassi, Ali H. Sayed
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06061 https://

Policy Optimization in Multi-Agent Settings under Partially Observable Environments
This work leverages adaptive social learning to estimate partially observable global states in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach enables the concurrent operation of social learning and reinforcement learning. Specifically, it alternates between a single step of social learning and a single step of MARL, eliminating the need for the time- and computation-intensive two-timescale learning frameworks. Theoretical guarantees are provid…

Simulating Binary Neutron Star Mergers with Finite-temperature Equations of State: The influences of the slope of the symmetry energy and artificial heating
Henrique Gieg, Maximiliano Ujevic, Armen Sedrakian, Tim Dietrich
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23684

Simulating Binary Neutron Star Mergers with Finite-temperature Equations of State: The influences of the slope of the symmetry energy and artificial heating
We present a new set of numerical-relativity simulations of merging binary neutron stars, aiming to identify possible observable signatures of the slope of the symmetry energy $L_{\rm sym}$. To achieve this goal, we employ a set of equations of state based on a parameterization of the covariant density functional theory of nuclear matter that allows controlled variations of $L_{\rm sym}$ and the skewness $Q_{\rm sat}$, holding the latter fixed. For a set of our simulations, we identify a steep …

Gravitational Waves from Gauge Quanta Produced during Inflation
Kai-Ge Zhang, Jian-Feng He, Chengjie Fu, Zong-Kuan Guo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02611 htt…

Gravitational Waves from Gauge Quanta Produced during Inflation
A fast-rolling axion can transfer its kinetic energy to a gauge field via the Chern-Simons coupling, leading to copious production of gauge quanta, which can act as a source of gravitational waves (GWs) with potentially observable amplitudes. In this work, we investigate GW production in a spectator axion model when strong backreaction is taken into account. We find that decreasing the decay constant of the axion enhances GW production. Since the initial value of the axion is larger than its qu…

Data-driven quantum Koopman method for simulating nonlinear dynamics
Baoyang Zhang, Zhen Lu, Yaomin Zhao, Yue Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21890 https://

Data-driven quantum Koopman method for simulating nonlinear dynamics
Quantum computation offers potential exponential speedups for simulating certain physical systems, but its application to nonlinear dynamics is inherently constrained by the requirement of unitary evolution. We propose the quantum Koopman method (QKM), a data-driven framework that bridges this gap through transforming nonlinear dynamics into linear unitary evolution in higher-dimensional observable spaces. Leveraging the Koopman operator theory to achieve a global linearization, our approach ma…

Flow between extremal one-point energy correlators in QCD
Marc Riembau, Minho Son
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02669 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02669

Flow between extremal one-point energy correlators in QCD
The energy density generated by a vector current is characterized by a single parameter $a_{\mathcal{E}}$ bounded by unitarity to $-1/2 \leq a_{\mathcal{E}} \leq 1$, with extremal values saturated by free theories of different matter content. Through confinement, QCD transmutes fermionic matter into scalars, revealing a nontrivial flow between extremal correlators. We reconstruct this flow using perturbative QCD and chiral perturbation theory. The observable is accessible with currently availab…

Planckian bound on quantum dynamical entropy
Xiangyu Cao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20914 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.20914…

Planckian bound on quantum dynamical entropy
We introduce a simple definition of dynamical entropy for quantum systems under continuous monitoring, inspired by Connes, Narnhofer and Thirring. It quantifies the amount of information gained about the initial condition. A nonzero entropy rate can be obtained by monitoring the thermal fluctuation of an extensive observable in a generic many-body system (away from classical or large N limit). We explicitly compute the entropy rate in the thermodynamic and long-time limit, in terms of the two-p…

Strict hierarchy between $n$-wise measurement simulability, compatibility structures, and multi-copy compatibility
Lucas Tendick, Costantino Budroni, Marco T\'ulio Quintino
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21223

Strict hierarchy between $n$-wise measurement simulability, compatibility structures, and multi-copy compatibility
The incompatibility of quantum measurements, i.e. the fact that certain observable quantities cannot be measured jointly is widely regarded as a distinctive quantum feature with important implications for the foundations and the applications of quantum information theory. While the standard incompatibility of multiple measurements has been the focus of attention since the inception of quantum theory, its generalizations, such as measurement simulability, $n$-wise incompatibility, and mulit-copy…

Reducing quantum resources for observable estimation with window-assisted coherent QPE
Harriet Apel, Cristian L. Cortes, Jessica Lemieux, Mark Steudtner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06677

Reducing quantum resources for observable estimation with window-assisted coherent QPE
Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) routines are known to fail probabilistically even with perfect gates and input states. This effect stems from an incompatibility of finite-sized quantum registers to capture a phase within QPE with phase angles of infinite precision, and the effect extend even beyond what would be reasonably expected from rounding. This effect can be partially mitigated by biasing the phase register with a window, or taper state, from classical signal processing. This paper focuse…

Lower Bounds on Relative Error Quantum Compression and Classical Shadows
Kaushik Sankar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21345 https://arxi…

Lower Bounds on Relative Error Quantum Compression and Classical Shadows
We study the question of how much classical communication is needed when Alice is given a classical description of a quantum state $|ψ\rangle$ for Bob to recover any expectation value $\langle ψ| M |ψ\rangle$ given an observable $M$ with $M$ Hermitian and $||M||_{\text{op}} \leq 1$. This task, whose study was initiated by Raz (ACM 1999) and more recently investigated by Gosset and Smolin (TQC 2019), can be thought of as a fully classical version of the pure…

One-Point energy correlator inside jets
Zihao Mi, Zhan Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21613 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.21613

One-Point energy correlator inside jets
In this work, we introduce a new jet observable, the one-point energy correlators (EC), designed to characterize the in-jet energy flow distribution by measuring energy deposition at a specific angle relative to the jet axis. Building upon the transverse momentum dependent physics, we aim for the EC to provide novel insights into jet substructure and offer a new approach to study TMD physics, particularly gluon transverse momentum dependent fragmentation functions (TMDFFs) which are notoriously…

Quantum-Circuit-Based Visual Fractal Image Generation in Qiskit and Analytics
Hillol Biswas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18835 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.188…

Quantum-Circuit-Based Visual Fractal Image Generation in Qiskit and Analytics
As nature is ascribed as quantum, the fractals also pose some intriguing appearance which is found in many micro and macro observable entities or phenomena. Fractals show self-similarity across sizes; structures that resemble the entire are revealed when zoomed in. In Quantum systems, the probability density or wavefunction may exhibit recurring interference patterns at various energy or length scales. Fractals are produced by basic iterative rules (such as Mandelbrot or Julia sets), and they p…

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for near-optimal planning in POMDPs
Gilberto Cunha, Alexandra Ram\^oa, Andr\'e Sequeira, Michael de Oliveira, Lu\'is Barbosa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18606 …

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for near-optimal planning in POMDPs
Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for decision-making in partially observable environments, which can be modeled as Markov decision processes and compactly represented through dynamic decision Bayesian networks. Recent advances demonstrate that inference on sparse Bayesian networks can be accelerated using quantum rejection sampling combined with amplitude amplification, leading to a computational speedup in estimating acceptance probabilities.\\ Building on this resul…

Decoherent histories with(out) objectivity in a (broken) apparatus
Beno\^it Fert\'e, Davide Farci, Xiangyu Cao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16482 https://

Decoherent histories with(out) objectivity in a (broken) apparatus
We characterize monitored quantum dynamics in a solvable model exhibiting a phase transition between a measurement apparatus and a scrambler. We show that approximate decoherent histories emerge in both phases with respect to a coarse-grained extensive observable. However, the apparatus phase, where quantum Darwinism emerges, is distinguished by the non-ergodicity of the histories and their correlation with the measured qubit, which selects an ensemble of preferred pointer states. Our results d…