Tootfinder

💂🏾 Ultrasound ‘helmet’ could treat Parkinson’s non-invasively, study shows
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/sep/05/ultrasound-helmet-could-offer-non-invasive-treatment-for-parkinsons-study-shows

Self-concordant Schr\"odinger operators: spectral gaps and optimization without condition numbers
Sander Gribling, Simon Apers, Harold Nieuwboer, Michael Walter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06115

Self-concordant Schrödinger operators: spectral gaps and optimization without condition numbers
Spectral gaps play a fundamental role in many areas of mathematics, computer science, and physics. In quantum mechanics, the spectral gap of Schrödinger operators has a long history of study due to its physical relevance, while in quantum computing spectral gaps are an important proxy for efficiency, such as in the quantum adiabatic algorithm. Motivated by convex optimization, we study Schrödinger operators associated with self-concordant barriers over convex domains and prove non-asymptotic …

Crosslisted article(s) found for cond-mat.mtrl-sci. https://arxiv.org/list/cond-mat.mtrl-sci/new
[1/1]:
- Non-destructive diagnostics of fiber orientation in large planar fiber-reinforced concrete specimens
V\'aclav Pape\v{z}, Karel K\"unzel, Petr Konr\'ad, …

Here are the three primary kinds of community-based events we’ll be sponsoring during 31 Days of Action:

Open/community lab meetings over Zoom or live-streamed lab tours/demos

Teach-ins at local community centers, churches, parks, basically anywhere that’s not a college campus

Stand Up For Science tabling and demos that include “Ask a Scientist” booths,
pond water under a microscope,
strawberry DNA extraction,
egg drop competitions, …

SUFS 31 Days of Action Guidebook
🧬 WHAT IS STAND UP FOR SCIENCE? Stand Up for Science (SUFS) is a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization born from the rallies held in cities throughout the United States and around the world on March 7th, 2025. We believe that science is a public good that benefits everyone, and we’re leading...

Non-negative diffusion bridge of the McKean-Vlasov type: analysis of singular diffusion and application to fish migration
Hidekazu Yoshioka
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03692 http…

Non-negative diffusion bridge of the McKean-Vlasov type: analysis of singular diffusion and application to fish migration
McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (MVSDEs) have broad potential applications in science and engineering, but remain insufficiently explored. We consider a non-negative McKean-Vlasov diffusion bridge, a diffusion process pinned at both initial and terminal times, motivated by diurnal fish migration phenomena. This type of MVSDEs has not been previously studied. Our particular focus is on a singular diffusion coefficient that blows up at the terminal time, which plays a role in appl…

Cognitive Loop via In-Situ Optimization: Self-Adaptive Reasoning for Science
Newman Cheng, Gordon Broadbent, William Chappell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02789 https://

Cognitive Loop via In-Situ Optimization: Self-Adaptive Reasoning for Science
The capacity for artificial intelligence (AI) to formulate, evolve, and test altered thought patterns under dynamic conditions indicates advanced cognition that is crucial for scientific discovery. The existing AI development landscape falls into two categories: 1) frameworks over non-reasoning models that natively incorporate opinions on how humans think, and 2) reasoning models that abstract precise control of the reasoning intuition away from end users. While powerful, for scientists to maxi…

"What about the developers who start their careers during the 2020s? How will they deal with the ever-present issue of comparing floating-point values in a world that prefers TikTok to books? Well, they will probably ask an LLM how to do that, and not even bother about this issue anymore. Welcome to the future!"
ht…

The Smartest Concept In Computer Science
Every decade, programmers new to the industry must ingest a non-negligible amount of information in order to be proficient in their jobs. For the past five decades, however, this basic set of information has changed substantially, generating as a result a quite varied set of priorities in the minds of age-diverse programming teams.

Hyperbolic tiling neighborhoods in O(1) time
Yanick Thurn, Manuel Schrauth, Johanna Erdmenger
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04765 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.0…

Hyperbolic tiling neighborhoods in O(1) time
Tilings of the hyperbolic plane are of significant interest among many branches of mathematics, physics and computer science. Yet, their construction remains a non-trivial task. Current approaches primarily use tree-based recursive algorithms, which are fundamentally limited: they do not readily yield the neighborhood graph representing cell adjacencies, which is however required for many applications. We introduce a novel approach that allows to build hyperbolic tilings and their associated gr…

From Neural Sensing to Stimulation: An Interdisciplinary Roadmap for Neurotechnology
Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano, Joe G Troughton, Nima Mirkhani, Natalia Martinez, Massimo Mariello, Jordan Tsigarides, Simon Williamson, Juan Sapriza, Ioana Susnoschi Luca, Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro, Estelle Cuttaz, Nicole Thompson, Sydney Swedick, Latifah Almulla, Amparo Guemes
http…

From Neural Sensing to Stimulation: An Interdisciplinary Roadmap for Neurotechnology
Neurotechnologies are transforming how we measure, interpret, and modulate brain-body interactions, integrating real-time sensing, computation, and stimulation to enable precise physiological control. They hold transformative potential across clinical and non-clinical domains, from treating disorders to enhancing cognition and performance. Realizing this potential requires navigating complex, interdisciplinary challenges spanning neuroscience, materials science, device engineering, signal proce…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.LO. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.LO/new
[1/1]:
- Extensional and Non-extensional Functions as Processes
Ken Sakayori, Davide Sangiorgi

Should we teach vibe coding? Here's why not.
Should AI coding be taught in undergrad CS education?
1/2
I teach undergraduate computer science labs, including for intro and more-advanced core courses. I don't publish (non-negligible) scholarly work in the area, but I've got years of craft expertise in course design, and I do follow the academic literature to some degree. In other words, In not the world's leading expert, but I have spent a lot of time thinking about course design, and consider myself competent at it, with plenty of direct experience in what knowledge & skills I can expect from students as they move through the curriculum.
I'm also strongly against most uses of what's called "AI" these days (specifically, generative deep neutral networks as supplied by our current cadre of techbro). There are a surprising number of completely orthogonal reasons to oppose the use of these systems, and a very limited number of reasonable exceptions (overcoming accessibility barriers is an example). On the grounds of environmental and digital-commons-pollution costs alone, using specifically the largest/newest models is unethical in most cases.
But as any good teacher should, I constantly question these evaluations, because I worry about the impact on my students should I eschew teaching relevant tech for bad reasons (and even for his reasons). I also want to make my reasoning clear to students, who should absolutely question me on this. That inspired me to ask a simple question: ignoring for one moment the ethical objections (which we shouldn't, of course; they're very stark), at what level in the CS major could I expect to teach a course about programming with AI assistance, and expect students to succeed at a more technically demanding final project than a course at the same level where students were banned from using AI? In other words, at what level would I expect students to actually benefit from AI coding "assistance?"
To be clear, I'm assuming that students aren't using AI in other aspects of coursework: the topic of using AI to "help you study" is a separate one (TL;DR it's gross value is not negative, but it's mostly not worth the harm to your metacognitive abilities, which AI-induced changes to the digital commons are making more important than ever).
So what's my answer to this question?
If I'm being incredibly optimistic, senior year. Slightly less optimistic, second year of a masters program. Realistic? Maybe never.
The interesting bit for you-the-reader is: why is this my answer? (Especially given that students would probably self-report significant gains at lower levels.) To start with, [this paper where experienced developers thought that AI assistance sped up their work on real tasks when in fact it slowed it down] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089) is informative. There are a lot of differences in task between experienced devs solving real bugs and students working on a class project, but it's important to understand that we shouldn't have a baseline expectation that AI coding "assistants" will speed things up in the best of circumstances, and we shouldn't trust self-reports of productivity (or the AI hype machine in general).
Now we might imagine that coding assistants will be better at helping with a student project than at helping with fixing bugs in open-source software, since it's a much easier task. For many programming assignments that have a fixed answer, we know that many AI assistants can just spit out a solution based on prompting them with the problem description (there's another elephant in the room here to do with learning outcomes regardless of project success, but we'll ignore this over too, my focus here is on project complexity reach, not learning outcomes). My question is about more open-ended projects, not assignments with an expected answer. Here's a second study (by one of my colleagues) about novices using AI assistance for programming tasks. It showcases how difficult it is to use AI tools well, and some of these stumbling blocks that novices in particular face.
But what about intermediate students? Might there be some level where the AI is helpful because the task is still relatively simple and the students are good enough to handle it? The problem with this is that as task complexity increases, so does the likelihood of the AI generating (or copying) code that uses more complex constructs which a student doesn't understand. Let's say I have second year students writing interactive websites with JavaScript. Without a lot of care that those students don't know how to deploy, the AI is likely to suggest code that depends on several different frameworks, from React to JQuery, without actually setting up or including those frameworks, and of course three students would be way out of their depth trying to do that. This is a general problem: each programming class carefully limits the specific code frameworks and constructs it expects students to know based on the material it covers. There is no feasible way to limit an AI assistant to a fixed set of constructs or frameworks, using current designs. There are alternate designs where this would be possible (like AI search through adaptation from a controlled library of snippets) but those would be entirely different tools.
So what happens on a sizeable class project where the AI has dropped in buggy code, especially if it uses code constructs the students don't understand? Best case, they understand that they don't understand and re-prompt, or ask for help from an instructor or TA quickly who helps them get rid of the stuff they don't understand and re-prompt or manually add stuff they do. Average case: they waste several hours and/or sweep the bugs partly under the rug, resulting in a project with significant defects. Students in their second and even third years of a CS major still have a lot to learn about debugging, and usually have significant gaps in their knowledge of even their most comfortable programming language. I do think regardless of AI we as teachers need to get better at teaching debugging skills, but the knowledge gaps are inevitable because there's just too much to know. In Python, for example, the LLM is going to spit out yields, async functions, try/finally, maybe even something like a while/else, or with recent training data, the walrus operator. I can't expect even a fraction of 3rd year students who have worked with Python since their first year to know about all these things, and based on how students approach projects where they have studied all the relevant constructs but have forgotten some, I'm not optimistic seeing these things will magically become learning opportunities. Student projects are better off working with a limited subset of full programming languages that the students have actually learned, and using AI coding assistants as currently designed makes this impossible. Beyond that, even when the "assistant" just introduces bugs using syntax the students understand, even through their 4th year many students struggle to understand the operation of moderately complex code they've written themselves, let alone written by someone else. Having access to an AI that will confidently offer incorrect explanations for bugs will make this worse.
To be sure a small minority of students will be able to overcome these problems, but that minority is the group that has a good grasp of the fundamentals and has broadened their knowledge through self-study, which earlier AI-reliant classes would make less likely to happen. In any case, I care about the average student, since we already have plenty of stuff about our institutions that makes life easier for a favored few while being worse for the average student (note that our construction of that favored few as the "good" students is a large part of this problem).
To summarize: because AI assistants introduce excess code complexity and difficult-to-debug bugs, they'll slow down rather than speed up project progress for the average student on moderately complex projects. On a fixed deadline, they'll result in worse projects, or necessitate less ambitious project scoping to ensure adequate completion, and I expect this remains broadly true through 4-6 years of study in most programs (don't take this as an endorsement of AI "assistants" for masters students; we've ignored a lot of other problems along the way).
There's a related problem: solving open-ended project assignments well ultimately depends on deeply understanding the problem, and AI "assistants" allow students to put a lot of code in their file without spending much time thinking about the problem or building an understanding of it. This is awful for learning outcomes, but also bad for project success. Getting students to see the value of thinking deeply about a problem is a thorny pedagogical puzzle at the best of times, and allowing the use of AI "assistants" makes the problem much much worse. This is another area I hope to see (or even drive) pedagogical improvement in, for what it's worth.
1/2

Open Science, Open Innovation? The Role of Open Access in Patenting Activity
Abdelghani Maddi (GEMASS), Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Francesco Fdp de Pretis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00829

Open Science, Open Innovation? The Role of Open Access in Patenting Activity
Scientific knowledge is a key driver of technological innovation, shaping industrial development and policy decisions worldwide. Understanding how patents incorporate scientific research is essential for assessing the role of academic discoveries in technological progress. Non-Patent References (NPRs) provide a useful indicator of this relationship by revealing the extent to which patents draw upon scientific literature. Here, we show that reliance on scientific research in patents varies signi…

Unlocking New Paths for Science with Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals: Machine Learning-Enhanced MCMC for Accurate Parameter Inversion
Bo Liang, Chang Liu, Hanlin Song, Zhenwei Lyu, Minghui Du, Peng Xu, Ziren Luo, Sensen He, Haohao Gu, Tianyu Zhao, Manjia Liang Yuxiang Xu, Li-e Qiang, Mingming Sun, Wei-Liang Qian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.003…

Unlocking New Paths for Science with Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals: Machine Learning-Enhanced MCMC for Accurate Parameter Inversion
The detection of gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) in space-borne antennas like LISA and Taiji promises deep insights into strong-field gravity and black hole astrophysics. However, the complex, non-convex likelihood landscapes of EMRI signals (compounded by instrumental noises) have long hindered reliable parameter estimation based on traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which often fail to escape local optima or require impractical computational cos…

Mean velocity profile in stably stratified channel turbulence
Sanath Kotturshettar, Pedro Costa, Rene Pecnik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03349 https://arxiv…

Mean velocity profile in stably stratified channel turbulence
The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) is a cornerstone of atmospheric science for describing turbulence in stable boundary layers. Extending MOST to stably stratified turbulent channel flows, however, is non-trivial due to confinement by solid walls and the much smaller turbulent length scales involved. In this study, we investigate the applicability of MOST in closed channels and identify where and to what extent the theory remains valid. A key finding is that the ratio of the half-channe…

Non-linear infusion of intrinsic alignment and source clustering: impact on non-Gaussian cosmic shear statistics
J. Harnois-D\'eraps, N. \v{S}ar\v{c}evi\'c, L. Medina Varela, J. Armijo, C. T. Davies, N. van Alfen, J. Blazek, L. Castiblanco, A. Halder, K. Heitmann, P. Larsen, L. Linke, J. Liu, C. MacMahon-Gell\'er, L. Porth, S. Rangel, C. Uhlemann, the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration

Non-linear infusion of intrinsic alignment and source clustering: impact on non-Gaussian cosmic shear statistics
Intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxies is one of the key secondary signals to cosmic shear measurements, and must be modeled to interpret weak lensing data and infer the correct cosmology. There are large uncertainties in the physical description of IA, and analytical calculations are often out of reach for weak lensing statistics beyond two-point functions. We present here a set of six flexible IA models infused directly into weak lensing simulations, constructed from the mass shells, the proje…

(PDF) Guiding sightless people one dimension at a time: how the strategy used in spontaneous voice instructions benefits sonification-based guidance https://hal.science/hal-05165934v1 On sensory substitution for the blind

I like how #Murderbot (AppleTV ) lampoons its human cast - which is a somewhat "hippie" science crew that includes a non-binary team member - without being mean or lame. The titular Murderbot sees the crew's traits (soft, icky & unpredictable) as annoying because to him they are human traits and the show creates funny situations in that universe. It's not the case that the…

VQA support to Arabic Language Learning Educational Tool
Khaled Bachir Delassi (LIM Lab, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria), Lakhdar Zeggane (LIM Lab, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria), Hadda Cherroun (LIM Lab, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria), Abdelhamid Haouhat (LIM Lab, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria), Kaoutar Bouzouad (Computer Science Dept., USTHB, Algiers, Algeria)

VQA support to Arabic Language Learning Educational Tool
We address the problem of scarcity of educational Arabic Language Learning tools that advocate modern pedagogical models such as active learning which ensures language proficiency. In fact, we investigate the design and evaluation of an AI-powered educational tool designed to enhance Arabic language learning for non-native speakers with beginner-to-intermediate proficiency level. The tool leverages advanced AI models to generate interactive visual quizzes, deploying Visual Question Answering as…

🍺 Rice could be key to brewing better non-alcoholic beer
https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/07/rice-could-be-key-to-brewing-better-non-alcoholic-beer/

Rice could be key to brewing better non-alcoholic beer
“It’s time we move beyond outdated perceptions and recognize what rice can offer in creating beer.”…

HELIOS -- Hybrid Evaluation of Lifecycle and Impact of Outstanding Science v-2.0
Eduardo Garbayo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21329 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

HELIOS -- Hybrid Evaluation of Lifecycle and Impact of Outstanding Science v-2.0
This paper presents a substantial enhancement of the HELIOS (Hybrid Evaluation of Lifecycle and Impact of Outstanding Science) model, transforming it from a static assessment tool into a dynamic and predictive framework for technological maturity. It addresses the limitations of the original model, which relied on linear normalization and fixed weights. Key modifications include the adoption of non-linear normalization functions (sigmoids), the integration of S-curve growth models for forecasti…

Topological Hall effect in nonlinear optics
Soumik Nandi (National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute), Arannya Ghosh (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi), Ashok K Mohapatra (National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute), Ritwick Das (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)

Topological Hall effect in nonlinear optics
We present an experimental evidence of \emph{topological} Hall-effect in an all-optical third-order nonlinear optical process via spatial symmetry-breaking in pseudo-spin textures created by a spatially-structured pump laser beam. The experimental configuration consists of a moderately-focused pump laser beam undergoing a parametric interaction with an organic solvent (toluene) and an off-resonant laser beam probes the non-trivial spatial magnetization textures created by the pump beam. The pha…

IoT and Older Adults: Towards Multimodal EMG and AI-Based Interaction with Smart Home
Wies{\l}aw Kope\'c, Jaros{\l}aw Kowalski, Aleksander Majda, Anna Duszyk-Bogorodzka, Anna Jaskulska, Cezary Biele
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19479

IoT and Older Adults: Towards Multimodal EMG and AI-Based Interaction with Smart Home
We report preliminary insights from an exploratory study on non-standard non-invasive interfaces for Smart Home Technologies (SHT). This study is part of a broader research project on effective Smart Home ecosystem Sagacity that will target older adults, impaired persons, and other groups disadvantaged in the main technology discourse. Therefore, this research is in line with a long-term research framework of the HASE research group (Human Aspects in Science and Engineering) by the Living Lab K…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.GT. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.GT/new
[1/1]:
- Probing EFX via PMMS: (Non-)Existence Results in Discrete Fair Division
Jaros{\l}aw Byrka, Franciszek Malinka, Tomasz Ponitka

Product-State Manifolds for M Quantum Systems with N Levels using the Fano form and the Induced Euclidean Metric
Fotios D. Oikonomou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02891 https://

Product-State Manifolds for M Quantum Systems with N Levels using the Fano form and the Induced Euclidean Metric
In quantum mechanics separable states can be characterized as convex combinations of product states whereas non-separable states exhibit entanglement. Quantum entanglement has played a pivotal role in both theoretical investigations and practical applications within quantum information science. In this study, we explore the connection between product states and geometric structures, specifically manifolds and their associated geometric properties such as the first fundamental form (metric). We …

Random Matrices, Intrinsic Freeness, and Sharp Non-Asymptotic Inequalities
Afonso S. Bandeira
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01021 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.0…

Random Matrices, Intrinsic Freeness, and Sharp Non-Asymptotic Inequalities
Random matrix theory has played a major role in several areas of pure and applied mathematics, as well as statistics, physics, and computer science. This lecture aims to describe the intrinsic freeness phenomenon and how it provides new easy-to-use sharp non-asymptotic bounds on the spectrum of general random matrices. We will also present a couple of illustrative applications in high dimensional statistical inference. This article accompanies a lecture that will be given by the author at the I…

Amid a flurry of disinformation and non-science-based medical advisories from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS),
Rep. Haley Stevens,
a Democratic lawmaker, has indicated she is readying articles of impeachment against HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
https://

Democratic Congresswoman Haley Stevens Files Articles of Impeachment Against RFK Jr.
“Secretary Kennedy has violated his oath of office and proven himself unfit to serve the American people,” Stevens said.

Civil (common) law countries like the (non-)binding obligations of Kyoto (Paris) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988325005468 @…

Temperature-Dependent Evolution of Coherence, Entropy, and Photon Statistics in Photoluminescence
Tomer Bar Lev, Carmel Rotschild
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01953 https://

Temperature-Dependent Evolution of Coherence, Entropy, and Photon Statistics in Photoluminescence
Photoluminescence (PL) is a fundamental light-matter interaction in which absorbed photons are re-emitted, playing a key role in science and engineering. It is commonly modeled by introducing a non-zero chemical potential into Planck's law to capture its deviation from thermal emission. In this work, we establish, for the first time to our knowledge, a fundamental relationship that expresses the chemical potential as a function of temperature, material properties, and excitation conditions, ena…

MemoryVLA: Perceptual-Cognitive Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
Hao Shi, Bin Xie, Yingfei Liu, Lin Sun, Fengrong Liu, Tiancai Wang, Erjin Zhou, Haoqiang Fan, Xiangyu Zhang, Gao Huang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19236

MemoryVLA: Perceptual-Cognitive Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
Temporal context is essential for robotic manipulation because such tasks are inherently non-Markovian, yet mainstream VLA models typically overlook it and struggle with long-horizon, temporally dependent tasks. Cognitive science suggests that humans rely on working memory to buffer short-lived representations for immediate control, while the hippocampal system preserves verbatim episodic details and semantic gist of past experience for long-term memory. Inspired by these mechanisms, we propose…

Real-Time Motion Correction in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: AI solution inspired by fundamental science
Benedetta Argiento, Alberto Annovi, Silvia Capuani, Matteo Cacioppo, Andrea Ciardiello, Roberto Coccurello, Stefano Giagu, Federico Giove, Alessandro Lonardo, Francesca Lo Cicero, Alessandra Maiuro, Carlo Mancini Terracciano, Mario Merola, Marco Montuori, Emilia Nistic\`o, Pierpaolo Perticaroli, Biagio Rossi, Cristian Rossi, Elvira Rossi, Francesco Simula, Cecilia Voena

Real-Time Motion Correction in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: AI solution inspired by fundamental science
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful non-invasive tool for metabolic tissue analysis but is often degraded by patient motion, limiting clinical utility. The RECENTRE project (REal-time motion CorrEctioN in magneTic Resonance) presents an AI-driven, real-time motion correction pipeline based on optimized GRU networks, inspired by tagging and fast-trigger algorithms from high-energy physics. Models evaluated on held-out test sets achieve good predictive performance and overall posi…

Discovering Hidden Algebraic Structures via Transformers with Rank-Aware Beam GRPO
Jaeha Lee, Gio Huh, Ning Su, Tony Yue YU
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15766 https://

Discovering Hidden Algebraic Structures via Transformers with Rank-Aware Beam GRPO
Recent efforts have extended the capabilities of transformers in logical reasoning and symbolic computations. In this work, we investigate their capacity for non-linear latent pattern discovery in the context of functional decomposition, focusing on the challenging algebraic task of multivariate polynomial decomposition. This problem, with widespread applications in science and engineering, is proved to be NP-hard, and demands both precision and insight. Our contributions are threefold: First, …

The Making of a Community Dark Matter Dataset with the National Science Data Fabric
Amy Roberts, Jack Marquez, Kin Hong NG, Kitty Mickelson, Aashish Panta, Giorgio Scorzelli, Amy Gooch, Prisca Cushman, Matthew Fritts, Himangshu Neog, Valerio Pascucci, Michela Taufer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13297…

The Making of a Community Dark Matter Dataset with the National Science Data Fabric
Dark matter is believed to constitute approximately 85 percent of the universes matter, yet its fundamental nature remains elusive. Direct detection experiments, though globally deployed, generate data that is often locked within custom formats and non-reproducible software stacks, limiting interdisciplinary analysis and innovation. This paper presents a collaboration between the National Science Data Fabric (NSDF) and dark matter researchers to improve accessibility, usability, and scientific …

User Prompting Strategies and ChatGPT Contextual Adaptation Shape Conversational Information-Seeking Experiences
Haoning Xue, Yoo Jung Oh, Xinyi Zhou, Xinyu Zhang, Berit Oxley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25513

User Prompting Strategies and ChatGPT Contextual Adaptation Shape Conversational Information-Seeking Experiences
Conversational AI, such as ChatGPT, is increasingly used for information seeking. However, little is known about how ordinary users actually prompt and how ChatGPT adapts its responses in real-world conversational information seeking (CIS). In this study, a nationally representative sample of 937 U.S. adults engaged in multi-turn CIS with ChatGPT on both controversial and non-controversial topics across science, health, and policy contexts. We analyzed both user prompting strategies and the com…

Crosslisted article(s) found for cs.LO. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.LO/new
[1/1]:
- Prover-Adversary games for systems over (non-deterministic) branching programs
Anupam Das, Avgerinos Delkos

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1635101/full What does this mean for retinal impl…

Frontiers | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are relatively newly discovered photoreceptors other than rods and cones. For the last decade, p...

MMM: Clustering Multivariate Longitudinal Mixed-type Data
Francesco Amato, Julien Jacques
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12166 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.12166…

MMM: Clustering Multivariate Longitudinal Mixed-type Data
Multivariate longitudinal data of mixed-type are increasingly collected in many science domains. However, algorithms to cluster this kind of data remain scarce, due to the challenge to simultaneously model the within- and between-time dependence structures for multivariate data of mixed kind. We introduce the Mixture of Mixed-Matrices (MMM) model: reorganizing the data in a three-way structure and assuming that the non-continuous variables are observations of underlying latent continuous variab…

Hunting for new glitches in LIGO data using community science
E Mackenzie, C P L Berry, G Niklasch, B T\'egl\'as, C Unsworth, K Crowston, D Davis, A K Katsaggelos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13923

Hunting for new glitches in LIGO data using community science
Data from ground-based gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO contain many types of noise. Glitches are short bursts of non-Gaussian noise that may hinder our ability to identify or analyse gravitational-wave signals. They may have instrumental or environmental origins, and new types of glitches may appear following detector changes. The Gravity Spy project studies glitches and their origins, combining insights from volunteers on the community-science Zooniverse platform with machine learning. …

Unquestionable Bell theorem for interwoven frustrated down conversion processes
Pawe{\l} Cie\'sli\'nski, Marcin Markiewicz, Konrad Schlichtholz, Jan-{\AA}ke Larsson, Marek \.Zukowski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19207

Unquestionable Bell theorem for interwoven frustrated down conversion processes
In the Wang et al. paper "Violation of Bell inequality with unentangled photons'' [Science Advances, 1 Aug 2025 Vol 11, Issue 31], in which a brilliant experiment involving two interwoven frustrated down conversion processes is reported, Bell non-classicality of the observed interference processes is conjectured under some tacit additional assumptions. To clear any doubts about Bell non-classicality of the interference processes observed by Wang et al., we give an unconditional Bell-type proo…

What do Large Language Models know about materials?
Adrian Ehrenhofer, Thomas Wallmersperger, Gianaurelio Cuniberti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14586 https:…

What do Large Language Models know about materials?
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in the fields of mechanical engineering and materials science. As models that establish connections through the interface of language, LLMs can be applied for step-wise reasoning through the Processing-Structure-Property-Performance chain of material science and engineering. Current LLMs are built for adequately representing a dataset, which is the most part of the accessible internet. However, the internet mostly contains non-scientific con…

Helium recovery system at IB3A
D. Porwisiak (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology), M. J. White (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), B. J. Hansen (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17538

Helium recovery system at IB3A
The growing demand for sustainable cryogenic operations at Fermilab has underscored the need to improve helium management, particularly at the Industrial Building 3A (IB3A) test facility. IB3A characterizes and tests superconductors, cables, and coils for projects such as the HL-LHC AUP and Mu2e, yet currently relies on 500 L Dewars whose boil-off is vented to atmosphere, wasting a critical, non-renewable resource and increasing the cost of testing. A project is therefore under way to link IB3A…

STFT-based Time-Frequency Mode Decomposition: A Fast and Robust Method for Multicomponent Signal Analysis
Wei Zhou, Wei-Jian Li, Wei-Xin Ren
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11919

STFT-based Time-Frequency Mode Decomposition: A Fast and Robust Method for Multicomponent Signal Analysis
The decomposition of complex, multicomponent, and non-stationary signals into their constituent modes is a fundamental yet significant challenge in science and engineering. Existing methods often struggle with a trade-off among accuracy, computational cost, and the need for prior information such as the number of modes. This paper introduces time-frequency mode decomposition (TFMD), a novel framework for the fast, robust, and adaptive decomposition of such signals. TFMD operates on the principl…

Towards a general diffusion-based information quality assessment model
Anthony Lopes Temporao, Mickael Temporao, Corentin Vande Kerckhove, Flavio Abreu Araujo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13927

Towards a general diffusion-based information quality assessment model
The rapid and unregulated dissemination of information in the digital era has amplified the global "infodemic," complicating the identification of high quality information. We present a lightweight, interpretable and non-invasive framework for assessing information quality based solely on diffusion dynamics, demonstrated here in the context of academic publications. Using a heterogeneous dataset of 29,264 sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) and social science papers from Arnet…

Handy Relation Between Binary Black Hole Merger Times and Host Galaxy Properties
Kelly Holley-Bockelmann (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, TN), Fazeel Khan (New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science), Isaiah Williams (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN), Jaelyn Roth (Department of Physics and Astronomy, …

Handy Relation Between Binary Black Hole Merger Times and Host Galaxy Properties
Over the past 15 years, the evidence has clearly demonstrated that massive black hole (MBH) binary merger timescales depend strongly on the structural and kinematic properties of their host galaxy. Stellar density, gas content, shape and kinematics all play a role, combining in non-linear ways to effect the evolution of the binary. The binary properties themselves, such as eccentricity, mass ratio, and orbital plane, all matter as well. This makes it nontrivial to estimate accurate cosmological…

Crosslisted article(s) found for cond-mat.mtrl-sci. https://arxiv.org/list/cond-mat.mtrl-sci/new
[1/1]:
- Non-Hermitian edge burst of sound
Zou, Wang, Ge, Zhao, Chen, Sun, Yuan, Xue, Zhang

Many-Body Physics from Spin-Phonon Coupling in Rydberg Atom Arrays
Shuo Zhang, Langxuan Chen, Pengfei Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16751 https://

Many-Body Physics from Spin-Phonon Coupling in Rydberg Atom Arrays
The rapid advancement of quantum science and technology has established Rydberg atom arrays as a premier platform for exploring quantum many-body physics with exceptional precision and controllability. Traditionally, each atom is modeled as a spin degree of freedom with its spatial motion effectively frozen. This simplification has facilitated the discovery of a rich variety of novel equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases, including $\mathbb{Z}_{\text{N}}$ symmetry-breaking orders and quantum s…

Understanding discrepancies in the coverage of OpenAlex: the case of China
Mengxue Zheng, Lili Miao, Yi Bu, Vincent Lariviere
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19302 https://

Understanding discrepancies in the coverage of OpenAlex: the case of China
Citation indexes play a crucial role for understanding how science is produced, disseminated, and used. However, these databases often face a critical trade-off: those offering extensive and high-quality coverage are typically proprietary, whereas publicly accessible datasets frequently exhibit fragmented coverage and inconsistent data quality. OpenAlex was developed to address this challenge, providing a freely available database with broad open coverage, with a particular emphasis on non-Engl…

Hierarchy of entanglement detection criteria for random high-dimensional states
Akhil Kumar Awasthi, Sudipta Mondal, Rivu Gupta, Aditi Sen De
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21787 ht…

Hierarchy of entanglement detection criteria for random high-dimensional states
Entanglement is a cornerstone in quantum information science, yet detecting it efficiently remains a challenging task. Focusing on non-positive partially transposed (NPT) states, we establish a hierarchy among entropy-based, majorization, realignment, and reduction criteria for Haar uniformly generated random states in finite dimensions, analyzing their performance based on rank and subsystem dimension. We prove lower bounds on the rank of mixed quantum states beyond which the realignment and e…

In-orbit Spectral Calibration Prospects for the COSI Space Telescope
Aravind B. Valluvan, Steven E. Boggs, Savitri Gallego, Jarred Roberts, Gabriel Brewster, Sophia Haight, Carolyn Kierans, Sean Pike, Albert Y. Shih, John A. Tomsick, Andreas Zogaluer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10172

In-orbit Spectral Calibration Prospects for the COSI Space Telescope
The Compton Spectrometer and Imager is an upcoming NASA space telescope in the MeV range. COSI's primary science goals include precisely mapping nuclear line and positron annihilation emission in the Milky Way galaxy through Compton imaging. This relies on our ability to maintain COSI's spectral performance over its mission lifetime. Changes to the detectors' gain characteristics over time will result in a non-linear stretching of the entire energy range. Moreover, observations from past MeV te…

Why does the membrane potential of biological neuron develop and remain stable?
J\'anos V\'egh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11448 https://

Why does the membrane potential of biological neuron develop and remain stable?
The neuronal electric operation can entirely be described by physics provided that we take into account that slow positive ions instead of fast light electrons are the charge carriers that biology uses. Based on the slow ions, we derive the correct physical model that Hodgkin and Huxley wanted. By using laws of electricity and thermodynamics in a non-disciplinary way, we derive the resting potential from the first principles of science, from the biological "construction" (the thickness of the i…

🎎 AI can create game characters with realistic personalities
#games

AI can create game characters with realistic personalities
When Jake Klinkert was growing up, his father suggested that since he loved video games, he should make them. Klinkert took those words to heart and went on to earn a Master of Interactive Technology in Digital Game Development from SMU Guildhall. Now a Ph.D. student in the Computer Science Department at SMU's Lyle School of Engineering, he is testing large language models (like ChatGPT) to create non-playable characters (NPCs) that act and respond more like real people.

Replaced article(s) found for cs.GT. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.GT/new
[1/1]:
- Instability and Efficiency of Non-cooperative Games
Jianfeng Zhang
https://

Time-frequency feature calculation of multi-stage audiovisual neural processing via electroencephalogram microstates https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1643554/full OK, so what does this mean for visua…

Frontiers | Time-frequency feature calculation of multi-stage audiovisual neural processing via electroencephalogram microstates
IntroductionAudiovisual (AV) perception is a fundamental modality for environmental cognition and social communication, involving complex, non-linear multise...

Replaced article(s) found for cond-mat.mtrl-sci. https://arxiv.org/list/cond-mat.mtrl-sci/new
[1/1]:
- Simplified approach to estimate Lorenz number using experimental Seebeck coefficient for non para...
Ankit Kumar

Non-trivial Bifocal and Optical Vortex Generation of DNG Materials Unveiled by Generalized Transfer Matrix Method and Matrix Fourier Optics
Yifeng Qin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09150

Non-trivial Bifocal and Optical Vortex Generation of DNG Materials Unveiled by Generalized Transfer Matrix Method and Matrix Fourier Optics
The investigation and analysis of exotic physical phenomena facilitated by metamaterials have emerged as a compelling area of interest in physics, material science, and engineering. However, there remains a lack of suitable theoretical tools for scrutinizing light-matter interactions in metamedia, particularly those involving distinct constitutive tensors, such as polarization cross-coupling or non-reciprocal propagation induced by bianisotropy. In this research, we apply the generalized transf…

Implicit reporting standards in bibliometric research: what can reviewers' comments tell us about reporting completeness?
Dimity Stephen, Alexander Schniedermann, Andrey Lovakov, Marion Schmidt, Matteo Ottaviani, Nikita Sorgatz, Roberto Cruz Romero, Torger M\"oller, Valeria Aman, Stephan Stahlschmidt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.162…

Implicit reporting standards in bibliometric research: what can reviewers' comments tell us about reporting completeness?
The recent surge in bibliometric studies published has been accompanied by increasing diversity in the completeness of reporting these studies' details, affecting reliability, reproducibility, and robustness. Our study systematises the reporting of bibliometric research using open peer reviews. We examined 182 peer reviews of 85 bibliometric studies published in library and information science (LIS) journals and conference proceedings, and non-LIS journals. We extracted 968 reviewer comments an…

nsEVDx: A Python library for modeling Non-Stationary Extreme Value Distributions
Nischal Kafle, Claudio I. Meier
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07261 https://a…

nsEVDx: A Python library for modeling Non-Stationary Extreme Value Distributions
nsEVDx is an open-source Python package for fitting stationary and nonstationary Extreme Value Distributions (EVDs) to extreme value data. It can be used to model extreme events in fields like hydrology, climate science, finance, and insurance, using both frequentist and Bayesian methods. For Bayesian inference it employs advanced Monte Carlo sampling techniques such as Metropolis-Hastings, Metropolis-adjusted Langevin (MALA), and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). Unlike many existing extreme valu…

Dark-state photonic entanglement filters
Stefano Longhi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13016 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.13016

Dark-state photonic entanglement filters
Preserving entanglement in the presence of decoherence remains a major challenge for quantum technologies. Recent proposals [M.A. Selim et al., Science 387, 1424 (2025)] have employed photonic filters based on anti-parity-time symmetry to recover certain entangled states, but these approaches require intricate, symmetry-constrained waveguide architectures and precise bath engineering. In this work, we show that such strict non-Hermitian symmetry constraints are not necessary for entanglement fi…

Readout of a solid state spin ensemble at the projection noise limit
Rouven Maier, Cheng-I Ho, Andrej Denisenko, Marina Davydova, Peter Knittel, J\"org Wrachtrup, Vadim Vorobyov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11854

Readout of a solid state spin ensemble at the projection noise limit
Spin ensembles are central to quantum science, from frequency standards and fundamental physics searches to magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantum sensing. Their performance is ultimately constrained by spin projection noise, yet solid-state implementations have so far been limited by much larger photon shot noise. Here we demonstrate a direct, quantum non-demolition readout of a mesoscopic ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond that surpasses the photon shot-noise limit and …

Information Transport in Classic-Quantum Hybrid System
Julian Rapp, Radhika H. Joshi, Alwin van Steensel, Yuli V. Nazarov, Mohammad H. Ansari
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07870 ht…

Information Transport in Classic-Quantum Hybrid System
Many important quantities in quantum information science, such as entropy and entanglement, are non-linear functions of the density matrix and cannot be expressed as operator observables. Standard open-system approaches evolve only a single copy of the density matrix, making it impossible to track the dynamics of such quantities. A formalism proposed by some of the present authors addressed this challenge by evolving multiple virtual replicas, but was limited to the weak-coupling regime. Here, …