Tootfinder

Diffusion Models and the Manifold Hypothesis: Log-Domain Smoothing is Geometry Adaptive
Tyler Farghly, Peter Potaptchik, Samuel Howard, George Deligiannidis, Jakiw Pidstrigach
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02305

Diffusion Models and the Manifold Hypothesis: Log-Domain Smoothing is Geometry Adaptive
Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance, demonstrating remarkable generalisation capabilities across diverse domains. However, the mechanisms underpinning these strong capabilities remain only partially understood. A leading conjecture, based on the manifold hypothesis, attributes this success to their ability to adapt to low-dimensional geometric structure within the data. This work provides evidence for this conjecture, focusing on how such phenomena could result from the …

Iterative Hypothesis Pruning and Distribution-based Early Labeling for Sequential Hypothesis Testing
George Vershinin, Asaf Cohen, Omer Gurewitz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25908

Iterative Hypothesis Pruning and Distribution-based Early Labeling for Sequential Hypothesis Testing
We consider the problem where an active Decision-Maker (DM) is tasked to identify the true hypothesis using as few samples as possible while maintaining accuracy. The DM collects samples according to its determined actions and knows the distributions under each hypothesis. We propose the $Φ$-$Δ$ algorithm, a deterministic and adaptive multi-stage hypothesis-elimination algorithm where the DM selects an action, applies it repeatedly, and discards hypotheses in light of its obtained samples. Th…

Flatness and Nonforking without the Continuum Hypothesis
Philani Rodney Majozi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01785 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01785

Flatness and Nonforking without the Continuum Hypothesis
We investigate the structure of FN bases (Frechet-Nikodym bases) without assuming the Continuum Hypothesis (CH), refining results of Siu-Ah Ng concerning definability via flatness and nonforking. In particular, we examine the dependence of Theorem 3.4 and Corollary 3.5 of Ng's 1991 paper on CH, which guarantees the existence of nonforking primary heirs under specific ultrafilter conditions. We demonstrate that these properties can often be recovered in ZFC by analyzing the behavior of countably…

A universal compression theory: Lottery ticket hypothesis and superpolynomial scaling laws
Hong-Yi Wang, Di Luo, Tomaso Poggio, Isaac L. Chuang, Liu Ziyin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00504

A universal compression theory: Lottery ticket hypothesis and superpolynomial scaling laws
When training large-scale models, the performance typically scales with the number of parameters and the dataset size according to a slow power law. A fundamental theoretical and practical question is whether comparable performance can be achieved with significantly smaller models and substantially less data. In this work, we provide a positive and constructive answer. We prove that a generic permutation-invariant function of $d$ objects can be asymptotically compressed into a function of $\ope…

Confirmatory Adaptive Hypothesis Tests in Markovian Illness-Death Models
Rene Schmidt, Moritz Fabian Danzer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02315 https://arxiv.…

Confirmatory Adaptive Hypothesis Tests in Markovian Illness-Death Models
Classic adaptive designs for time-to-event trials are based on the log-rank statistic and its increments. Thereby, only information from the time-to-event endpoint on which the selected log-rank statistic is based may be used for data-dependent design modifications in interim analyses. Further information (e.g. surrogate parameters) may not be used. As pointed out in a letter by P. Bauer and M. Posch in 2004, adaptive tests on overall survival (OS) based on the log-rank statistic do in general …

Quantum Sequential Universal Hypothesis Testing
Matteo Zecchin, Osvaldo Simeone, Aaditya Ramdas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21594 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508…

Quantum Sequential Universal Hypothesis Testing
Quantum hypothesis testing (QHT) concerns the statistical inference of unknown quantum states. In the general setting of composite hypotheses, the goal of QHT is to determine whether an unknown quantum state belongs to one or another of two classes of states based on the measurement of a number of copies of the state. Prior art on QHT with composite hypotheses focused on a fixed-copy two-step protocol, with state estimation followed by an optimized joint measurement. However, this fixed-copy ap…

Comprehensive Analysis and Exclusion Hypothesis of $\alpha$-Approximation Method for Discretizing Analog Systems
Shen Chen, Jisong Wang, Dejun Liu, Jiaxi Ying, Shuai Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02054

Comprehensive Analysis and Exclusion Hypothesis of $α$-Approximation Method for Discretizing Analog Systems
A popular method for designing digital models is transforming the transfer function of the corresponding analog models from continuous domain (s-domain) into discrete domain (z-domain) using the s-to-z transformation. The alpha-approximation is a generalized form of these transformations. When alpha is set to 0.5, the result is the well-known Tustin transformation or bi-linear transformation. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the alpha-approximation method, including mathem…

Shape Happens: Automatic Feature Manifold Discovery in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling
Federico Tiblias, Irina Bigoulaeva, Jingcheng Niu, Simone Balloccu, Iryna Gurevych
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01025

Shape Happens: Automatic Feature Manifold Discovery in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling
The linear representation hypothesis states that language models (LMs) encode concepts as directions in their latent space, forming organized, multidimensional manifolds. Prior efforts focus on discovering specific geometries for specific features, and thus lack generalization. We introduce Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling (SMDS), a model-agnostic method to automatically discover feature manifolds. We apply SMDS to temporal reasoning as a case study, finding that different features form var…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.CL. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.CL/new
[1/4]:
- Superficial Safety Alignment Hypothesis
Jianwei Li, Jung-Eun Kim
https://

Random #Gentoo ebuild hint: while you technically don't have to put Hypothesis in EPYTEST_PLUGINS (i.e. most of the packages will work without loading the plugin), moving it there ensures that the Gentoo profile is selected. This disables the health checks that can randomly break tests when they don't meet Hypothesis quality standards.
#pytest

The density Hypothesis for irreducible lattices in $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})^d$
Dubi Kelmer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22595 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.2…

The density Hypothesis for irreducible lattices in $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})^d$
We prove the density hypothesis for congruence subgroups of an irreducible uniform lattice in $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})^d$, extending previous results on the spherical density hypothesis to bound multiplicities of non-tempered non-spherical representations. Our bounds are uniform in the level as well as the spectral parameters.

A Theoretical Framework of the Processes of Change in Psychotherapy Delivered by Artificial Agents
Arthur Bran Herbener, Malene Flensborg Damholdt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02144

A Theoretical Framework of the Processes of Change in Psychotherapy Delivered by Artificial Agents
The question of whether artificial agents (e.g., chatbots and social robots) can replace human therapists has received notable attention following the recent launch of large language models. However, little is known about the processes of change in psychotherapy delivered by artificial agents. To facilitate hypothesis development and stimulate scientific debate, the present article offers the first theoretical framework of the processes of change in psychotherapy delivered by artificial agents.…

Making Characters Count. A Computational Approach to Scribal Profiling in 14th-Century Middle Dutch Manuscripts from the Carthusian Monastery of Herne
Caroline Vandyck, Wouter Haverals, Mike Kestemont
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00067

Making Characters Count. A Computational Approach to Scribal Profiling in 14th-Century Middle Dutch Manuscripts from the Carthusian Monastery of Herne
The Carthusian monastery of Herne was exceptionally prolific in producing high-quality manuscripts during the late 14th century. Although the scribes remain anonymous, previous research has distinguished thirteen different scribal hands based on paleography and codicology. In this study, we revisit this hypothesis through the lens of linguistic characteristics of the texts, using computational methods from the field of scribal profiling. Using a newly created corpus of diplomatic and HTR-based …

Practically significant change points in high dimension -- measuring signal strength pro active component
Pascal Quanz, Holger Dette
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21520 https://

Practically significant change points in high dimension -- measuring signal strength pro active component
We consider the change point testing problem for high-dimensional time series. Unlike conventional approaches, where one tests whether the difference $δ$ of the mean vectors before and after the change point is equal to zero, we argue that the consideration of the null hypothesis $H_0:\|δ\|\leΔ$, for some norm $\|\cdot\|$ and a threshold $Δ>0$, is better suited. By the formulation of the null hypothesis as a composite hypothesis, the change point testing problem becomes …

Mechanisms of Matter: Language Inferential Benchmark on Physicochemical Hypothesis in Materials Synthesis
Yingming Pu, Tao Lin, Hongyu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25281 http…

Mechanisms of Matter: Language Inferential Benchmark on Physicochemical Hypothesis in Materials Synthesis
The capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate valid scientific hypotheses for materials synthesis remains largely unquantified, hindered by the absence of benchmarks probing physicochemical logics reasoning. To address this, we introduce MatterMech, a benchmark for evaluating LLM-generated hypotheses across eight nanomaterial synthesis domains. Our analysis reveals a critical disconnect: LLMs are proficient in abstract logic yet fail to ground their reasoning in fundamental physicoch…

Analysis of Semantic Communication for Logic-based Hypothesis Deduction
Ahmet Faruk Saz, Siheng Xiong, Faramarz Fekri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21755 https://

Analysis of Semantic Communication for Logic-based Hypothesis Deduction
This work presents an analysis of semantic communication in the context of First-Order Logic (FOL)-based deduction. Specifically, the receiver holds a set of hypotheses about the State of the World (SotW), while the transmitter has incomplete evidence about the true SotW but lacks access to the ground truth. The transmitter aims to communicate limited information to help the receiver identify the hypothesis most consistent with true SotW. We formulate the objective as approximating the posterio…

Shape Happens: Automatic Feature Manifold Discovery in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling
Federico Tiblias, Irina Bigoulaeva, Jingcheng Niu, Simone Balloccu, Iryna Gurevych
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01025

Shape Happens: Automatic Feature Manifold Discovery in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling
The linear representation hypothesis states that language models (LMs) encode concepts as directions in their latent space, forming organized, multidimensional manifolds. Prior efforts focus on discovering specific geometries for specific features, and thus lack generalization. We introduce Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling (SMDS), a model-agnostic method to automatically discover feature manifolds. We apply SMDS to temporal reasoning as a case study, finding that different features form var…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.LG. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.LG/new
[5/7]:
- Superficial Safety Alignment Hypothesis
Jianwei Li, Jung-Eun Kim
https://

An operator-Weyl-symbol approach to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Xiao Wang, Wen-ge Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24490 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

An operator-Weyl-symbol approach to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
In this letter, by an approach that employs Weyl symbols for operators, a semiclassical theory is developed for the offdiagonal function in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which is for offdiagonal elements $\langle{E_i}\left|O\right|{E_j}\rangle$ of an observable $O$ on the energy basis. It is shown analytically that the matrix of $O$ has a banded structure, possessing a bandwidth $w_b$ that scales linearly with $\hbar$, a phase-space gradient of the classical Hamiltonian, $…

Podpowiedź do ebuildów #Gentoo: technicznie rzecz biorąc, nie trzeba ładować hypothesis w EPYTEST_PLUGINS (w sensie, że większość paczek będzie po prostu działać bez ładowania wtyczki) — ale warto to zrobić, bo dzięki temu jest ładowany profil Gentoo. Wówczas wyłączane są "health checks", które mogą doprowadzić do przypadkowo padających testów, które nie spełniają wymagań jakości.

Variational Uncertainty Decomposition for In-Context Learning
I. Shavindra Jayasekera, Jacob Si, Wenlong Chen, Filippo Valdettaro, A. Aldo Faisal, Yingzhen Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02327

Variational Uncertainty Decomposition for In-Context Learning
As large language models (LLMs) gain popularity in conducting prediction tasks in-context, understanding the sources of uncertainty in in-context learning becomes essential to ensuring reliability. The recent hypothesis of in-context learning performing predictive Bayesian inference opens the avenue for Bayesian uncertainty estimation, particularly for decomposing uncertainty into epistemic uncertainty due to lack of in-context data and aleatoric uncertainty inherent in the in-context predictio…

Some series equivalent to the extended Riemann hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions
Vincent Nguyen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21518 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Some series equivalent to the extended Riemann hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions
The extended Riemann hypothesis (ERH) for Dedekind zeta functions remains one of the most elusive open problems in number theory. Over the last century, many equivalent statements to the classical Riemann hypothesis alone have been discovered. We seek to show that the closed form of some infinite series over the non-trivial zeros of Dedekind zeta functions is equivalent to ERH.

WoW: Towards a World omniscient World model Through Embodied Interaction
Xiaowei Chi, Peidong Jia, Chun-Kai Fan, Xiaozhu Ju, Weishi Mi, Kevin Zhang, Zhiyuan Qin, Wanxin Tian, Kuangzhi Ge, Hao Li, Zezhong Qian, Anthony Chen, Qiang Zhou, Yueru Jia, Jiaming Liu, Yong Dai, Qingpo Wuwu, Chengyu Bai, Yu-Kai Wang, Ying Li, Lizhang Chen, Yong Bao, Zhiyuan Jiang, Jiacheng Zhu, Kai Tang, Ruichuan An, Yulin Luo, Qiuxuan Feng, Siyuan Zhou, Chi-min Chan, Chengkai Hou, Wei Xue, Sirui Han, Yike Guo, …

WoW: Towards a World omniscient World model Through Embodied Interaction
Humans develop an understanding of intuitive physics through active interaction with the world. This approach is in stark contrast to current video models, such as Sora, which rely on passive observation and therefore struggle with grasping physical causality. This observation leads to our central hypothesis: authentic physical intuition of the world model must be grounded in extensive, causally rich interactions with the real world. To test this hypothesis, we present WoW, a 14-billion-paramet…

Spatial trends in Ediacaran Bilaterian trails
Brittany A. Laing, Luis A. Buatois, M. Gabriela M\'angano, Glenn A. Brock, Zoe Vestrum, Luke C. Strotz, Lyndon Koens
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01104

Spatial trends in Ediacaran Bilaterian trails
The Savannah Hypothesis and the Cambrian Information Revolution invoke the development of spatially heterogeneous resource distribution during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition as a key driver of infaunalization and sensory evolution of mobile bilaterians, respectively. However, difficulties in detecting historical resource distribution hinders the ability to tests these theories. If external conditions crucial to organism fitness (e.g. nutrient distribution, oxygen availability) became increas…

Testing maximum entropy models with e-values
Francesca Giuffrida, Diego Garlaschelli, Peter Gr\"unwald
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01064 https://arxiv.…

Testing maximum entropy models with e-values
E-values have recently emerged as a robust and flexible alternative to p-values for hypothesis testing, especially under optional continuation, i.e., when additional data from further experiments are collected. In this work, we define optimal e-values for testing between maximum entropy models, both in the microcanonical (hard constraints) and canonical (soft constraints) settings. We show that, when testing between two hypotheses that are both microcanonical, the so-called growth-rate optimal …

Rewarding Explainability in Drug Repurposing with Knowledge Graphs
Susana Nunes, Samy Badreddine, Catia Pesquita
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02276 https://a…

Rewarding Explainability in Drug Repurposing with Knowledge Graphs
Knowledge graphs (KGs) are powerful tools for modelling complex, multi-relational data and supporting hypothesis generation, particularly in applications like drug repurposing. However, for predictive methods to gain acceptance as credible scientific tools, they must ensure not only accuracy but also the capacity to offer meaningful scientific explanations. This paper presents a novel approach REx, for generating scientific explanations based in link prediction in knowledge graphs. It employs r…

A solution to the mystery of the sub-harmonic series and to the combination tone via a linear mathematical model of the cochlea
Ugo Boscain (SU, CNRS, CaGE, LJLL), Xiangyu Ma (SU, CNRS, CaGE, LJLL), Dario Prandi (L2S, CNRS), Giuseppina Turco (LLF - UMR7110, CNRS, UPCit\'e)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26395…

A solution to the mystery of the sub-harmonic series and to the combination tone via a linear mathematical model of the cochlea
In this paper, we study a simple linear model of the cochlea as a set of vibrating strings. We make hypothesis that the information sent to the auditory cortex is the energy stored in the strings and consider all oscillation modes of the strings. We show the emergence of the sub-harmonic series whose existence was hypothesized in the XVI century to explain the consonance of the minor chord. We additionally show how the nonlinearity of the energy can be used to study the emergence of the combina…

Tidally dominated flows past a three-dimensional topography: Wake vortices, turbulence, and mixing
H. M. Aravind, Pranav Puthan, Sutanu Sarkar, Sophia Merrifield, Eric Terrill
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21306

Tidally dominated flows past a three-dimensional topography: Wake vortices, turbulence, and mixing
Oceanic turbulence influences the transport and mixing of freshwater, heat, nutrients, and other biogeochemical tracers. It also has broader implications for oceanic and atmospheric circulations. Tides contribute substantially to the mechanically driven turbulent ocean mixing through the internal waves resulting from tide-topography interactions. Tidal currents also drive turbulent wakes and shear layers when the topography is 3D. The hypothesis that seamounts are the ``stirring rods'' of the o…

Evolution of cooperation among migrating resource-oriented agents under environmental variability
Masaaki Inaba, Eizo Akiyama
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21352 https://

Evolution of cooperation among migrating resource-oriented agents under environmental variability
Cooperation is fundamental to human societies. While several basic theoretical mechanisms underlying its evolution have been established, research addressing more realistic settings remains underdeveloped. Drawing on the hypothesis that intensified environmental fluctuations drove early behavioral evolution in humans during the Middle Stone Age in Africa, we examine the effects of environmental variability and human mobility on the evolution of cooperation. In our model, the variability is repr…

An application of Titchmarsh's theorem and the Salem equivalence
Alexander E. Patkowski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21789 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.217…

An application of Titchmarsh's theorem and the Salem equivalence
We extend the equivalence of the Salem type for the Riemann hypothesis by application of Titchmarsh's theorem. Other equivalences to the Riemann hypothesis and notes on related Fourier integrals are provided.

Learning-Based Testing for Deep Learning: Enhancing Model Robustness with Adversarial Input Prioritization
Sheikh Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Nasir Eisty
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23961

Learning-Based Testing for Deep Learning: Enhancing Model Robustness with Adversarial Input Prioritization
Context: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, where resilience against adversarial inputs is paramount. However, whether coverage-based or confidence-based, existing test prioritization methods often fail to efficiently identify the most fault-revealing inputs, limiting their practical effectiveness. Aims: This project aims to enhance fault detection and model robustness in DNNs by integrating Learning-Based Testing (LBT) with hypothesis and mutation t…

ImageNet-trained CNNs are not biased towards texture: Revisiting feature reliance through controlled suppression
Tom Burgert, Oliver Stoll, Paolo Rota, Beg\"um Demir
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20234

ImageNet-trained CNNs are not biased towards texture: Revisiting feature reliance through controlled suppression
The hypothesis that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are inherently texture-biased has shaped much of the discourse on feature use in deep learning. We revisit this hypothesis by examining limitations in the cue-conflict experiment by Geirhos et al. To address these limitations, we propose a domain-agnostic framework that quantifies feature reliance through systematic suppression of shape, texture, and color cues, avoiding the confounds of forced-choice conflicts. By evaluating humans and n…

Discontinuous Epitope Fragments as Sufficient Target Templates for Efficient Binder Design
Zhenfeng Deng, Ruijie Hou, Ningrui Xie, Mike Tyers, Micha{\l} Koziarski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25479

Discontinuous Epitope Fragments as Sufficient Target Templates for Efficient Binder Design
Recent advances in structure-based protein design have accelerated de novo binder generation, yet interfaces on large domains or spanning multiple domains remain challenging due to high computational cost and declining success with increasing target size. We hypothesized that protein folding neural networks (PFNNs) operate in a ``local-first'' manner, prioritizing local interactions while displaying limited sensitivity to global foldability.Guided by this hypothesis, we propose an epitope-only …

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis versus Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture: a comparison
Hans A. Weidenm\"uller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17634 https://

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis versus Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture: a comparison
Thermalization of a closed chaotic quantum system is commonly addressed in terms of the eigenstate ther- malization hypothesis (ETH). An alternative approach uses the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit (BGS) conjecture. The comparison shows that the two approaches differ significantly. In contrast to ETH, BGS fully uses the statistical properies of the chaotic Hamiltonian. In both approaches, the criterion for thermalization is similar. BGS goes beyond ETH in predicting quantitatively the time dependence …

Testing the heavy decaying sterile neutrino hypothesis at the DUNE near detector
Sabya Sachi Chatterjee, St\'ephane Lavignac, O. G. Miranda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15888 …

Testing the heavy decaying sterile neutrino hypothesis at the DUNE near detector
One of the most convincing explanations of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies relies on a heavy, mostly sterile neutrino with a small muon neutrino component, which decays to an electron neutrino and an invisible light scalar field. We investigate the possibility to test this hypothesis at the near detector complex of the upcoming DUNE experiment. We find that the DUNE liquid argon near detector (ND-LAr) can probe a larger region of the parameter space than the Fermilab SBN program, and may help …

One-Token Rollout: Guiding Supervised Fine-Tuning of LLMs with Policy Gradient
Rui Ming, Haoyuan Wu, Shoubo Hu, Zhuolun He, Bei Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26313 https://

One-Token Rollout: Guiding Supervised Fine-Tuning of LLMs with Policy Gradient
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the predominant method for adapting large language models (LLMs), yet it often struggles with generalization compared to reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we posit that this performance disparity stems not just from the loss function, but from a more fundamental difference: SFT learns from a fixed, pre-collected dataset, whereas RL utilizes on-policy data sampled from the current policy. Building on this hypothesis, we introduce one-token rollout (OTR), …

Bayesian Estimation and Regularization Techniques in Categorical Data Analysis
Jan Kalina
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02222 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02222…

Bayesian Estimation and Regularization Techniques in Categorical Data Analysis
This paper explores Bayesian estimation for categorical data, focusing on simple yet effective models that provide a foundation for applying more advanced methods accurately and reliably in real-world applications. We begin by revisiting Bayesian estimators for the binomial distribution and investigating their properties. Next, we develop hypothesis tests for categorical data (sign test, homogeneity test, symmetry test) based on regularized maximum likelihood estimates of the probabilities. Fin…

When Scores Learn Geometry: Rate Separations under the Manifold Hypothesis
Xiang Li, Zebang Shen, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Niao He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24912 https://

When Scores Learn Geometry: Rate Separations under the Manifold Hypothesis
Score-based methods, such as diffusion models and Bayesian inverse problems, are often interpreted as learning the data distribution in the low-noise limit ($σ\to 0$). In this work, we propose an alternative perspective: their success arises from implicitly learning the data manifold rather than the full distribution. Our claim is based on a novel analysis of scores in the small-$σ$ regime that reveals a sharp separation of scales: information about the data manifold is $Θ(σ^{-2})$ stronger…

Query-Efficient Locally Private Hypothesis Selection via the Scheffe Graph
Gautam Kamath, Alireza F. Pour, Matthew Regehr, David P. Woodruff
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16180 htt…

Query-Efficient Locally Private Hypothesis Selection via the Scheffe Graph
We propose an algorithm with improved query-complexity for the problem of hypothesis selection under local differential privacy constraints. Given a set of $k$ probability distributions $Q$, we describe an algorithm that satisfies local differential privacy, performs $\tilde{O}(k^{3/2})$ non-adaptive queries to individuals who each have samples from a probability distribution $p$, and outputs a probability distribution from the set $Q$ which is nearly the closest to $p$. Previous algorithms req…

The non-existence of some Galois representations of moderate degree in small characteristic
Alexandru Ghitza, Takuya Yamauchi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00635 https://

The non-existence of some Galois representations of moderate degree in small characteristic
Refining arguments of Hyunsuk Moon, under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we prove the non-existence of irreducible mod 2 Galois representations unramified outside 2 of dimensions $\leq 4$, and of totally real such representations of dimensions $\leq 8$. We also prove the non-existence of irreducible totally real mod 3 representations unramified outside 3 of dimensions $\leq 4$. We show unconditionally that the image of an irreducible mod 2 symplectic 4-dimensional Galoi…

Replaced article(s) found for physics.hist-ph. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.hist-ph/new
[1/1]:
- Implications of computer science theory for the simulation hypothesis
David H. Wolpert

Shedding Light on Desert Dwellers
Tim Hallatt, Sarah Millholland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22893 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.22893

Shedding Light on Desert Dwellers
The ``sub-Jovian desert" ($2{\lesssim}R_{\rm p}{\lesssim}10 \ R_{\oplus}$, periods $\lesssim$3 days) is sparsely populated but no longer empty. Recent surveys have revealed that planets residing in the desert are dense ($ρ{\gtrsim}1$ g/cm$^{3}$), massive ($\sim$10${-}$50 $M_{\oplus}$), and orbit metal-rich stars that are indistinguishable from those hosting hot Jupiters. However, their origins remain mysterious. In this work we adopt and test the hypothesis that tidal destruction of hot Jupite…

Off Critical Zeros Contradict Contraction in the Dynamical Reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis
Hendrik Wladimir Albrecht Edwin Kuipers
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16240 https…

Off Critical Zeros Contradict Contraction in the Dynamical Reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis
We continue the dynamical reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis initiated in [1]. The framework is built from an integer map in which composites advance by pi(m) and primes retreat by their prime gap, producing trajectories whose contraction properties encode the distribution of primes. In this setting, RH is equivalent to the persistence of contraction inequalities for trajectory-based error functionals E(X), E~(X) across multiplicative scales. In the present paper we prove that if zeta(s)…

Decentralized Detection with Many Sensors: Optimality of Exchangeable and Identical Encoding Policies
Sina Sanjari, Naci Saldi, Sinan Gezici, Serdar Y\"uksel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21724

Decentralized Detection with Many Sensors: Optimality of Exchangeable and Identical Encoding Policies
We study a class of binary detection problems involving a single fusion center and a large or countably infinite number of sensors. Each sensor acts under a decentralized information structure, accessing only a local noisy observation related to the hypothesis. Based on this observation, sensors select policies to transmit a quantized signal through their actions to the fusion center, which makes the final decision using only these actions. This paper makes the following contributions: i) In th…

Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in LHC Collider Searches
Antonio D'Avanzo (on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24723 https:/…

Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in LHC Collider Searches
Searches for new physics at the LHC at CERN traditionally use advanced simulations to model Standard Model and new-physics processes in high-energy collisions and compare them with data. The lack of recent direct discoveries, however, has motivated the development of model-independent approaches in HEP to complement existing hypothesis-driven analyses, particularly Anomaly Detection. A review of the latest efforts in BSM searches with anomaly detection is presented in these proceedings, focusin…

On the hypothesis of a bi-isotropic plasma permeating the interstellar space
Filipe S. Ribeiro, Pedro D. S. Silva, Rodolfo Casana, Manoel M. Ferreira Jr
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15879

On the hypothesis of a bi-isotropic plasma permeating the interstellar space
In this work, we study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized chiral plasma that pervades the interstellar space. The Maxwell equations, supplemented by bi-isotropic constitutive relations, are rewritten to describe a cold, uniform, and collisionless plasma model that yields new collective electromagnetic modes for distinct pairs of refractive indices associated with right- and left-handed circularly polarized waves. We have investigated the optical behavior through the rotato…

Holomorphicity of parabolic stable minimal surfaces of high codimension
Da Rong Cheng, Spiro Karigiannis, Jesse Madnick
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22155 https://

Holomorphicity of parabolic stable minimal surfaces of high codimension
A classical theorem of Micallef says that if $F \colon (Σ, g) \to \mathbb{R}^4$ is a stable minimal immersion of an oriented $2$-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold (that is parabolic) into $\mathbb{R}^4$, it is necessarily holomorphic with respect to some parallel orthogonal complex structure on $\mathbb{R}^4$. We generalize this theorem by replacing $\mathbb{R}^4$ with $\mathbb{R}^{2 + 2k}$ for any codimension $2k$, under the additional hypothesis that the normal bundle $N Σ$ is equipp…

On the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer formula modulo squares for certain quadratic twists of elliptic curves
Alexander J. Barrios, Chung Pang Mok
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00926 htt…

On the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer formula modulo squares for certain quadratic twists of elliptic curves
Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve with conductor $N=N_+N_-$, where $N_+$ and $N_-$ are coprime and $N_-$ is squarefree. Let $D$ be a positive fundamental discriminant satisfying the modified Heegner hypothesis with respect to $(N_+,N_-)$: primes dividing $N_+$ (resp. $N_-$) split (resp. are inert) in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$; we denote by $E^D/\mathbb{Q}$ the quadratic twist of $E/\mathbb{Q}$ by $D$. In the first half of the paper we consider the situation where $N_-$ is a squarefree produc…

And more to read in your freetime, if you are interested in AI, from Bluesky, Phillip Isola.
"Over the past year, my lab has been working on fleshing out theory applications of the Platonic Representation Hypothesis.
Today I want to share two new works on this topic:"
Eliciting higher alignment:
https://arxiv.org/…

Words That Make Language Models Perceive
Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that explicit sensory prompting can surface this latent structure, bringing a text-only LLM into closer representational alignment with specialist vision and audio encoders. When a sensory prompt tells the model to 'see' or 'hear', it cues the model to resolve its next…

Stairway to Axions: the cross-correlation of birefringence and galaxies from NPIPE and Quaia
S. Arcari, N. Bartolo, G. Fabbian, A. Greco, A. Gruppuso, M. Lattanzi, P. Natoli, L. Pagano, G. Zagatti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22273

Stairway to Axions: the cross-correlation of birefringence and galaxies from NPIPE and Quaia
We present the first measurement of the cross-correlation between anisotropic birefringence and galaxy number counts, utilizing polarization data from Planck NPIPE and the Quaia quasar catalog. By employing a QML/pseudo-$C_\ell$ combined estimator, we compute the angular power spectrum up to $\ell=191$ from birefringence and clustering maps at $N_{\rm side}=64$. Our analysis indicates that the observed spectrum is well consistent with the null-hypothesis, with a probability to exceed of 37% and…

A Conditional Reduction of the Rational Hodge Conjecture for Threefolds and Deformation-Theoretic Verifications in Several Families
Karim Mansour
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08321

A Conditional Reduction of the Rational Hodge Conjecture for Threefolds and Deformation-Theoretic Verifications in Several Families
We formulate a concrete geometric approximation hypothesis (Hypothesis~BB) asserting that codimension-$2$ Hodge classes on a smooth projective threefold can be realized as specializations of families whose general members are complete-intersection curves. We prove that Hypothesis~BB implies the (rational) Hodge conjecture for the threefold. We then give deformation-theoretic sufficient criteria (cohomology-vanishing and surjectivity conditions) which imply Hypothesis~BB, and we prove these crit…

Reflexive Modules, the Infinite Root Algebra and the Generating Hypothesis
Oliver House
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07116 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07116…

Reflexive Modules, the Infinite Root Algebra and the Generating Hypothesis
This thesis concerns the algebraic consequences of Freyd's Generating Hypothesis, and explores the question of whether there exists a self-injective ring R that can be constructed purely algebraically that exhibits some of the known properties of the stable homotopy ring, including some conjectured properties that follow from Freyd's Generating Hypothesis. As an example, we investigate the infinite root algebra of Hahn series P, firstly by establishing results for the related Hahn ring A. In pa…

MH-LVC: Multi-Hypothesis Temporal Prediction for Learned Conditional Residual Video Coding
Huu-Tai Phung, Zong-Lin Gao, Yi-Chen Yao, Kuan-Wei Ho, Yi-Hsin Chen, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Alessandro Gnutti, Wen-Hsiao Peng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12479

MH-LVC: Multi-Hypothesis Temporal Prediction for Learned Conditional Residual Video Coding
This work, termed MH-LVC, presents a multi-hypothesis temporal prediction scheme that employs long- and short-term reference frames in a conditional residual video coding framework. Recent temporal context mining approaches to conditional video coding offer superior coding performance. However, the need to store and access a large amount of implicit contextual information extracted from past decoded frames in decoding a video frame poses a challenge due to excessive memory access. Our MH-LVC ov…

A Hypothesis-First Framework for Mechanistic Model Evaluation and Selection in Neuroimaging
Dominic Boutet, Sylvain Baillet
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16070 https://

A Hypothesis-First Framework for Mechanistic Model Evaluation and Selection in Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging provides rich measurements of brain structure and neural activity, but turning these data into mechanistic insight remains difficult. Statistical models quantify associations without much considerations for how they arise, whereas bio-realistic models directly embody candidate mechanisms but remain hard to deploy rigorously without specialized training. We present a framework that recasts modeling choices as testable mechanistic hypotheses and supplies a simple protocol for rejecti…

Bridging the behavior-neural gap: A multimodal AI reveals the brain's geometry of emotion more accurately than human self-reports
Changde Du, Yizhuo Lu, Zhongyu Huang, Yi Sun, Zisen Zhou, Shaozheng Qin, Huiguang He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24298

Bridging the behavior-neural gap: A multimodal AI reveals the brain's geometry of emotion more accurately than human self-reports
The ability to represent emotion plays a significant role in human cognition and social interaction, yet the high-dimensional geometry of this affective space and its neural underpinnings remain debated. A key challenge, the `behavior-neural gap,' is the limited ability of human self-reports to predict brain activity. Here we test the hypothesis that this gap arises from the constraints of traditional rating scales and that large-scale similarity judgments can more faithfully capture the brain'…

The Narcissus Hypothesis:Descending to the Rung of Illusion
Riccardo Cadei, Christian Intern\`o
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17999 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509…

The Narcissus Hypothesis:Descending to the Rung of Illusion
Modern foundational models increasingly reflect not just world knowledge, but patterns of human preference embedded in their training data. We hypothesize that recursive alignment-via human feedback and model-generated corpora-induces a social desirability bias, nudging models to favor agreeable or flattering responses over objective reasoning. We refer to it as the Narcissus Hypothesis and test it across 31 models using standardized personality assessments and a novel Social Desirability Bias …

HEAL: A Hypothesis-Based Preference-Aware Analysis Framework
Yifu Huo, Chenglong Wang, Qiren Zhu, Shunjie Xing, Tong Xiao, Chunliang Zhang, Tongran Liu, Jinbo Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19922

HEAL: A Hypothesis-Based Preference-Aware Analysis Framework
Preference optimization methods like DPO have achieved remarkable performance in LLM alignment. However, the evaluation for these methods relies on a single response and overlooks other potential outputs, which could also be generated in real-world applications within this hypothetical space. To address this issue, this paper presents a \textbf{H}ypothesis-based Pr\textbf{E}ference-aware \textbf{A}na\textbf{L}ysis Framework (HEAL), a novel evaluation paradigm that formulates preference alignmen…

AgentPack: A Dataset of Code Changes, Co-Authored by Agents and Humans
Yangtian Zi, Zixuan Wu, Aleksander Boruch-Gruszecki, Jonathan Bell, Arjun Guha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21891

AgentPack: A Dataset of Code Changes, Co-Authored by Agents and Humans
Fine-tuning large language models for code editing has typically relied on mining commits and pull requests. The working hypothesis has been that commit messages describe human intent in natural language, and patches to code describe the changes that implement that intent. However, much of the previously collected data is noisy: commit messages are terse, human-written commits commingle several unrelated edits, and many commits come from simple, rule-based bots. The recent adoption of softwar…

Learning in an Echo Chamber: Online Learning with Replay Adversary
Daniil Dmitriev, Harald Eskelund Franck, Carolin Heinzler, Amartya Sanyal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25135 htt…

Learning in an Echo Chamber: Online Learning with Replay Adversary
As machine learning systems increasingly train on self-annotated data, they risk reinforcing errors and becoming echo chambers of their own beliefs. We model this phenomenon by introducing a learning-theoretic framework: Online Learning in the Replay Setting. In round $t$, the learner outputs a hypothesis $\hat{h}_t$; the adversary then reveals either the true label $f^\ast(x_t)$ or a replayed label $\hat{h}_i(x_t)$ from an earlier round $i < t$. A mistake is counted only when the true label is…

Identification of phase correlations in Financial Stock Market Turbulence
Kiran Sharma, Abhijit Dutta, Rupak Mukherjee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20105 https://

Identification of phase correlations in Financial Stock Market Turbulence
The basis of arbitrage methods depends on the circulation of information within the framework of the financial market. Following the work of Modigliani and Miller, it has become a vital part of discussions related to the study of financial networks and predictions. The emergence of the efficient market hypothesis by Fama, Fisher, Jensen and Roll in the early 1970s opened up the door for discussion of information affecting the price in the market and thereby creating asymmetries and price distor…

Proof of the $p$-adic Kazhdan-Lusztig hypothesis for $\mathrm{GL}(n)$
Kristaps John Balodis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09788 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.097…

Proof of the $p$-adic Kazhdan-Lusztig hypothesis for $\mathrm{GL}(n)$
In this article, we prove the $p$-adic Kazhdan-Lusztig hypothesis for $\mathrm{GL}_n(F)$. While the approach via graded affine Hecke algebras due to recent work of Solleveld leads to more general results, this article serves to completes and clarifies the approach via affine Hecke algebras of Chriss and Ginzburg. In particular, this article serves as an opportunity to articulate several results which are undoubtedly known to experts, but have not been formally recorded in the literature.

Efficient ion re-acceleration in laboratory-produced interpenetrating collisionless shocks
W. Yao, I. Cohen, P. Suarez Gerona, H. Ahmed, A. F. A. Bott, S. N. Chen, M. Cook, R. Leli\`evre, P. Martin, T. Waltenspiel, P. Antici, J. B\'eard, M. Borghesi, D. Caprioli, A. Ciardi, E. d'Humi\`eres, M. Fran\c{c}ois, L. Gremillet, A. Marcowith, M. Miceli, T. Seebaruth, S. Orlando, J. Fuchs

Efficient ion re-acceleration in laboratory-produced interpenetrating collisionless shocks
Although the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) remains an open question, collisionless magnetized shock waves are widely regarded as key sites for particle acceleration. Recent theories further suggest that shock-shock collisions in stellar clusters could provide the additional acceleration needed to explain the observed high-energy CR spectrum. Here, we investigate this hypothesis through a laser-based experiment that creates magnetized plasma conditions similar to astrophysical environments. Our re…

Eigenstate Thermalization in 1 1-Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory Coupled with Dynamical Fermions
Diptarka Das, Lukas Ebner, Saurabh V. Kadam, Indrakshi Raychowdhury, Andreas Sch\"afer, Xiaojun Yao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18269

Quantum mechanics, non-locality, and the space discreteness hypothesis
W. A. Z\'u\~niga-Galindo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14836 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Quantum mechanics, non-locality, and the space discreteness hypothesis
The space discreteness hypothesis asserts that the nature of space at short distances is radically different from that at large distances. Based on the Bronstein inequality, here, we use a totally disconnected topological space $\mathcal{X}$ as a model for the space. However, we consider the time as a real variable. In this framework, the formalism of Dirac-von Neumann can be used. This discreteness hypothesis implies that given two different points in space, there is no continuous curve (a wor…

EECT: an Eccentricity Evolution Consistency Test to distinguish eccentric gravitational-wave signals from eccentricity mimickers
Sajad A. Bhat, Avinash Tiwari, Md Arif Shaikh, Shasvath J. Kapadia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14850

EECT: an Eccentricity Evolution Consistency Test to distinguish eccentric gravitational-wave signals from eccentricity mimickers
Eccentric compact binary coalescences (CBCs) are expected to be observed in current and future gravitational-wave (GW) detector networks. However, it has been recently pointed out that a number of other physical and beyond-GR effects, could imitate, or be mimicked by, eccentric CBCs. In this work, we propose a conceptually simple but powerful method to directly confirm or reject the eccentric hypothesis, without needing to compare the hypothesis with the plethora of other possible hypotheses. T…

"L'attirance humaine pour les boissons alcoolisées pourrait être, dans une large mesure, héritée de nos ancêtres primates. et d'une certaine manière, c'est quelque chose que nous partageons avec nos plus proches parents vivants : selon une nouvelle étude [...] les chimpanzés consomment quotidiennement des doses élevées d'alcool par rapport Š leur poids corporel, par l'intermédiaire des fruits qui font partie de leur régime alimentaire habituel"

Zeeman Doppler Imaging of $\tau$Ceti: The Weakest Magnetic Field Detected in a Sun-like Star
Federica Chiti, Oleg Kochukhov, Jennifer L. van Saders, Travis S. Metcalfe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12310 …

Zeeman Doppler Imaging of $τ$Ceti: The Weakest Magnetic Field Detected in a Sun-like Star
For nearly a decade, observations have shown that many older Sun-like stars spin faster than predicted, a phenomenon known as weakened magnetic braking (WMB). The leading hypothesis for WMB is a weakening of the large-scale dipole field, which leads to a less efficient angular momentum loss. To test this hypothesis on a star known to be in the WMB regime, we present the first Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) map of the Sun-like star $τ$Ceti, reconstructed using spectropolarimetric data from the Ca…

VulAgent: Hypothesis-Validation based Multi-Agent Vulnerability Detection
Ziliang Wang, Ge Li, Jia Li, Hao Zhu, Zhi Jin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11523 https://

VulAgent: Hypothesis-Validation based Multi-Agent Vulnerability Detection
The application of language models to project-level vulnerability detection remains challenging, owing to the dual requirement of accurately localizing security-sensitive code and correctly correlating and reasoning over complex program context. We present VulAgent, a multi-agent vulnerability detection framework based on hypothesis validation. Our design is inspired by how human auditors review code: when noticing a sensitive operation, they form a hypothesis about a possible vulnerability, co…

Generative Model Inversion Through the Lens of the Manifold Hypothesis
Xiong Peng, Bo Han, Fengfei Yu, Tongliang Liu, Feng Liu, Mingyuan Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20177 ht…

Generative Model Inversion Through the Lens of the Manifold Hypothesis
Model inversion attacks (MIAs) aim to reconstruct class-representative samples from trained models. Recent generative MIAs utilize generative adversarial networks to learn image priors that guide the inversion process, yielding reconstructions with high visual quality and strong fidelity to the private training data. To explore the reason behind their effectiveness, we begin by examining the gradients of inversion loss with respect to synthetic inputs, and find that these gradients are surprisi…

MAD: Manifold Attracted Diffusion
Dennis Elbr\"achter, Giovanni S. Alberti, Matteo Santacesaria
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24710 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

MAD: Manifold Attracted Diffusion
Score-based diffusion models are a highly effective method for generating samples from a distribution of images. We consider scenarios where the training data comes from a noisy version of the target distribution, and present an efficiently implementable modification of the inference procedure to generate noiseless samples. Our approach is motivated by the manifold hypothesis, according to which meaningful data is concentrated around some low-dimensional manifold of a high-dimensional ambient s…

Detecting zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions via the Riemann zeta-function
Masatoshi Suzuki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17701 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.17701…

Detecting zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions via the Riemann zeta-function
Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we show that a certain vertical distribution of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function is equivalent to the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet $L$-functions. Furthermore, under both the Riemann hypothesis and the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we show that the nontrivial zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions can be detected through those of the Riemann zeta-function.

Hypothesis Selection: A High Probability Conundrum
Anders Aamand, Maryam Aliakbarpour, Justin Y. Chen, Sandeep Silwal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03734 https://

Hypothesis Selection: A High Probability Conundrum
In the hypothesis selection problem, we are given a finite set of candidate distributions (hypotheses), $\mathcal{H} = \{H_1, \ldots, H_n\}$, and samples from an unknown distribution $P$. Our goal is to find a hypothesis $H_i$ whose total variation distance to $P$ is comparable to that of the nearest hypothesis in $\mathcal{H}$. If the minimum distance is $\mathsf{OPT}$, we aim to output an $H_i$ such that, with probability at least $1-δ$, its total variation distance to $P$ is at most $C \cdo…

Active Sequential Hypothesis Testing with Non-Homogeneous Costs
George Vershinin, Asaf Cohen, Omer Gurewitz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11632 https://arxiv.…

Active Sequential Hypothesis Testing with Non-Homogeneous Costs
We study the Non-Homogeneous Sequential Hypothesis Testing (NHSHT), where a single active Decision-Maker (DM) selects actions with heterogeneous positive costs to identify the true hypothesis under an average error constraint \(δ\), while minimizing expected total cost paid. Under standard arguments, we show that the objective decomposes into the product of the mean number of samples and the mean per-action cost induced by the policy. This leads to a key design principle: one should optimize t…

Evaluation of the magnetic field of hot Jupiters within the geometric approach
Babenko I. A., Zhilkin A. G
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16565 https://arxiv.o…

Evaluation of the magnetic field of hot Jupiters within the geometric approach
Theoretical and experimental foundations of the hypothesis about the origin of the magnetic fields of the Earth and other astrophysical objects, proposed in the early 20th century by W. Sutherland, A. Einstein, and independently by Yu.S. Vladimirov, are discussed in the paper. According to this hypothesis, the electric charges of the electron and proton slightly differ in magnitude, leading to the emergence of a magnetic field in rotating astrophysical objects. The theoretical justification of …

The L\'evy flight foraging hypothesis: comparison between stationary distributions and anomalous diffusion
Serena Dipierro, Giovanni Giacomin, Enrico Valdinoci
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13487

The Lévy flight foraging hypothesis: comparison between stationary distributions and anomalous diffusion
We consider a stationary prey in a given region of space and we aim at detecting optimal foraging strategies. On the one hand, when the prey is uniformly distributed, the best possible strategy for the forager is to be stationary and uniformly distributed in the same region. On the other hand, in several biological settings, foragers cannot be completely stationary, therefore we investigate the best seeking strategy for Lévy foragers in terms of the corresponding Lévy exponent. In this case, …

Unified theory of testing relevant hypothesis in functional time series
Leheng Cai, Qirui Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18624 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.18…

Unified theory of testing relevant hypothesis in functional time series
In this paper, we present a general framework for testing relevant hypotheses in functional time series. Our unified approach covers one-sample, two-sample, and change point problems under contaminated observations with arbitrary sampling schemes. By employing B-spline estimators and the self-normalization technique, we propose nuisance-parameter-free testing procedures, obviating the need for additional procedures such as estimating long-run covariance or measurement-error variance functions. …

Domain Adaptation via Feature Refinement
Savvas Karatsiolis, Andreas Kamilaris
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16124 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.16124

Domain Adaptation via Feature Refinement
We propose Domain Adaptation via Feature Refinement (DAFR2), a simple yet effective framework for unsupervised domain adaptation under distribution shift. The proposed method synergistically combines three key components: adaptation of Batch Normalization statistics using unlabeled target data, feature distillation from a source-trained model and hypothesis transfer. By aligning feature distributions at the statistical and representational levels, DAFR2 produces robust and domain-invariant feat…

Local reminiscence in the PXP model
Francesco Perciavalle, Gian Marco Rizzo, Francesco Plastina, Nicola Lo Gullo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19944 https://a…

Local reminiscence in the PXP model
We study the emergence of local reminiscence in the PXP model, a constrained spin system realized in Rydberg atom arrays. The spectrum of this model is characterized by a majority of eigenstates that satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, alongside a set of nonthermal eigenstates, known as quantum many-body scars, that violate it. While generic initial states lead to thermalization consistent with eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, special configurations generate non-ergodic dynam…

The Recursive Panopticon Hypothesis
Xiaoyu Yan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02625 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02625 …

The Recursive Panopticon Hypothesis
The cosmic "Great Silence" revealed by the Fermi paradox remains a central puzzle in contemporary science. Existing explanations such as the "Big Filter," "Zoo Hypothesis," and "Dark Forest" theory are trapped in isolated frameworks of "hypothesis list paradigm" that resist falsification. This paper proposes the "Recursive Panopticon Hypothesis" arguing that under the uncertainty of recursive higher-order deterrence, cosmic civilizations will universally adopt "silence" as their optimal surviva…

Dorabella Cipher as Musical Inspiration
Bradley Hauer, Colin Choi, Abram Hindle, Scott Smallwood, Grzegorz Kondrak
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17950 https://

Dorabella Cipher as Musical Inspiration
The Dorabella cipher is an encrypted note written by English composer Edward Elgar, which has defied decipherment attempts for more than a century. While most proposed solutions are English texts, we investigate the hypothesis that Dorabella represents enciphered music. We weigh the evidence for and against the hypothesis, devise a simplified music notation, and attempt to reconstruct a melody from the cipher. Our tools are n-gram models of music which we validate on existing music corpora enci…

Equivalence Test for Mean Functions from Multi-population Functional Data
Chuang Xu, Andrew T. A. Wood, Yanrong Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24242 https://

Equivalence Test for Mean Functions from Multi-population Functional Data
Most existing methods for testing equality of means of functional data from multiple populations rely on assumptions of equal covariance and/or Gaussianity. In this work we provide a new testing method based on a statistic that is distribution-free under the null hypothesis (i.e. the statistic is pivotal), and allows different covariance structures across populations, while Gaussianity is not required. In contrast to classical methods of functional mean testing, where either observations of the…

Rationality fields of CM modular forms
Kimball Martin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24119 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24119

Rationality fields of CM modular forms
We formulate a conjecture on the finitude of rationality fields (i.e., Fourier coefficient fields) of newforms of bounded degree, and prove this for CM forms assuming a generalized Riemann hypothesis. Then we explicitly determine what quadratic and cubic rationality fields occur for weight 2 CM forms, which is related to classifications of CM abelian varieties of GL(2) type. Several of these fields do not appear in the existing tables of newforms in the LMFDB.

Non-iid hypothesis testing: from classical to quantum
Giacomo De Palma, Marco Fanizza, Connor Mowry, Ryan O'Donnell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06147 https://

Non-iid hypothesis testing: from classical to quantum
We study hypothesis testing (aka state certification) in the non-identically distributed setting. A recent work (Garg et al. 2023) considered the classical case, in which one is given (independent) samples from $T$ unknown probability distributions $p_1, \dots, p_T$ on $[d] = \{1, 2, \dots, d\}$, and one wishes to accept/reject the hypothesis that their average $p_{\mathrm{avg}}$ equals a known hypothesis distribution $q$. Garg et al. showed that if one has just $c = 2$ samples from each $p_i$,…

Reading Images Like Texts: Sequential Image Understanding in Vision-Language Models
Yueyan Li, Chenggong Zhao, Zeyuan Zang, Caixia Yuan, Xiaojie Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19191

Reading Images Like Texts: Sequential Image Understanding in Vision-Language Models
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a variety of real-world tasks. However, existing VLMs typically process visual information by serializing images, a method that diverges significantly from the parallel nature of human vision. Moreover, their opaque internal mechanisms hinder both deeper understanding and architectural innovation. Inspired by the dual-stream hypothesis of human vision, which distinguishes the "what" and "where" pathways, we deconstruc…

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
Minju Gwak, Guijin Son, Jaehyung Kim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06953 https://

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
The Uniform Information Density (UID) hypothesis suggests that effective communication maintains a stable flow of information. In this work, we revisit this principle in the context of large language model (LLM) reasoning traces, asking whether step-level uniformity reflects reasoning quality. To this end, we propose an entropy-based stepwise information density metric and introduce two complementary measures of uniformity, local and global uniformity scores. Across the experiments on six diffe…

Kokatsuji: A Visualization Approach for Typographic Forensics of Early Japanese Movable Type
Ignacio Perez-Messina, Asanobu Kitamoto
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15995 https://

Kokatsuji: A Visualization Approach for Typographic Forensics of Early Japanese Movable Type
We present a visualization system designed to support typographic forensics in the study of Kokatsuji, the short-lived tradition of Japanese movable wooden type printing. Building on recent advances in machine learning for block identification, our system provides expert users with an interactive tool for exploring, validating hypothesis, and integrating expert knowledge into model-generated results about the production process of early printed books. The system is structured around an ontology…

Investigating the Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for Variational Quantum Circuits
Michael K\"olle, Leonhard Klingert, Julian Sch\"onberger, Philipp Altmann, Tobias Rohe, Claudia Linnhoff-Popien
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11190

Investigating the Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for Variational Quantum Circuits
Quantum computing is an emerging field in computer science that has seen considerable progress in recent years, especially in machine learning. By harnessing the principles of quantum physics, it can surpass the limitations of classical algorithms. However, variational quantum circuits (VQCs), which rely on adjustable parameters, often face the barren plateau phenomenon, hindering optimization. The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis (LTH) is a recent concept in classical machine learning that has led to…

The Alternative Hypothesis for Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function
Siegfred Alan C. Baluyot, Daniel Alan Goldston, Ade Irma Suriajaya, Caroline L. Turnage-Butterbaugh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10857

The Alternative Hypothesis for Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function
In 2016, the first-named author introduced a formulation of the Alternative Hypothesis that assumes that consecutive zeros of the Riemann zeta-function are spaced at multiples of half of the average spacing, but does not assume that the zeros are simple. In this paper, we assume the Riemann Hypothesis and a similar formulation of the Alternative Hypothesis, and for each integer $k$ we obtain constraints on the density of pairs of zeros whose normalized differences are at $k/2$ times the average…

Symmetry breaking for inductive logic programming
Andrew Cropper, David M. Cerna, Matti J\"arvisalo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06263 https://arxiv.org…

Symmetry breaking for inductive logic programming
The goal of inductive logic programming is to search for a hypothesis that generalises training data and background knowledge. The challenge is searching vast hypothesis spaces, which is exacerbated because many logically equivalent hypotheses exist. To address this challenge, we introduce a method to break symmetries in the hypothesis space. We implement our idea in answer set programming. Our experiments on multiple domains, including visual reasoning and game playing, show that our approach …

Case-Based Decision-Theoretic Decoding with Quality Memories
Hiroyuki Deguchi, Masaaki Nagata
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12677 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.1…

Case-Based Decision-Theoretic Decoding with Quality Memories
Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding is a decision rule of text generation, which selects the hypothesis that maximizes the expected utility and robustly generates higher-quality texts than maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. However, it depends on sample texts drawn from the text generation model; thus, it is difficult to find a hypothesis that correctly captures the knowledge or information of out-of-domain. To tackle this issue, we propose case-based decision-theoretic (CBDT) decoding, another…

SliceFine: The Universal Winning-Slice Hypothesis for Pretrained Networks
Md Kowsher, Ali O. Polat, Ehsan Mohammady Ardehaly, Mehrdad Salehi, Zia Ghiasi, Prasanth Murali, Chen Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08513

SliceFine: The Universal Winning-Slice Hypothesis for Pretrained Networks
This paper presents a theoretical framework explaining why fine tuning small, randomly selected subnetworks (slices) within pre trained models can be sufficient for downstream adaptation. We prove that pretrained networks exhibit a universal winning slice property arising from two phenomena: (1) spectral balance the eigenspectra of different weight matrix slices are remarkably similar; and (2) high task energy their backbone representations retain rich, task relevant features. This leads to the…

WISER: Segmenting watermarked region - an epidemic change-point perspective
Soham Bonnerjee, Sayar Karmakar, Subhrajyoty Roy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21160 https://

WISER: Segmenting watermarked region - an epidemic change-point perspective
With the increasing popularity of large language models, concerns over content authenticity have led to the development of myriad watermarking schemes. These schemes can be used to detect a machine-generated text via an appropriate key, while being imperceptible to readers with no such keys. The corresponding detection mechanisms usually take the form of statistical hypothesis testing for the existence of watermarks, spurring extensive research in this direction. However, the finer-grained prob…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.IT. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.IT/new
[1/1]:
- Improved Random-Binning Exponent for Distributed Hypothesis Testing
Yuval Kochman, Ligong Wang

Semiclassical analytical solutions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a quantum billiard
Yaoqi Ye, Chengkai Lin, Xiao Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12517 https://

Semiclassical analytical solutions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a quantum billiard
We derive semiclassical analytical solutions for both the diagonal and off-diagonal functions in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in a quarter-stadium quantum billiard. For a representative observable, we obtain an explicit expression and an asymptotic closed-form solution that naturally separate into a local contribution and a phase-space correlation term. These analytical results predict the band structure of the observable matrix, including its bandwidth and scaling behavior. W…

From Input Perception to Predictive Insight: Modeling Model Blind Spots Before They Become Errors
Maggie Mi, Aline Villavicencio, Nafise Sadat Moosavi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20065

From Input Perception to Predictive Insight: Modeling Model Blind Spots Before They Become Errors
Language models often struggle with idiomatic, figurative, or context-sensitive inputs, not because they produce flawed outputs, but because they misinterpret the input from the outset. We propose an input-only method for anticipating such failures using token-level likelihood features inspired by surprisal and the Uniform Information Density hypothesis. These features capture localized uncertainty in input comprehension and outperform standard baselines across five linguistically challenging d…

Deterministic Coreset Construction via Adaptive Sensitivity Trimming
Faruk Alpay, Taylan Alpay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18340 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.…

Deterministic Coreset Construction via Adaptive Sensitivity Trimming
We develop a rigorous framework for deterministic coreset construction in empirical risk minimization (ERM). Our central contribution is the Adaptive Deterministic Uniform-Weight Trimming (ADUWT) algorithm, which constructs a coreset by excising points with the lowest sensitivity bounds and applying a data-dependent uniform weight to the remainder. The method yields a uniform $(1\pm\varepsilon)$ relative-error approximation for the ERM objective over the entire hypothesis space. We provide comp…

Hypothesis testing for the dimension of random geometric graph
Mingao Yuan, Feng Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11844 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11844

Hypothesis testing for the dimension of random geometric graph
Random geometric graphs (RGGs) offer a powerful tool for analyzing the geometric and dependence structures in real-world networks. For example, it has been observed that RGGs are a good model for protein-protein interaction networks. In RGGs, nodes are randomly distributed over an $m$-dimensional metric space, and edges connect the nodes if and only if their distance is less than some threshold. When fitting RGGs to real-world networks, the first step is probably to input or estimate the dimens…

Detector Correlations and Null Tests of the Coherent State Hypothesis
Sreenath K. Manikandan, Frank Wilczek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03367 https://arxiv.…

Detector Correlations and Null Tests of the Coherent State Hypothesis
We discuss the statistics of correlations between two resonant detectors. We show that this allows simple null tests of the coherent state hypothesis, free of vacuum (quantum) noise. Complementary aspects of the radiation field, {\it e.g.}, squeezing in number or phase, can be revealed through appropriate detection strategies.

Bounds for integral moments of quadratic twists of Fourier coefficients of modular forms
Peng Gao, Yuetong Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20085 https://ar…

Bounds for integral moments of quadratic twists of Fourier coefficients of modular forms
In this paper, we obtain under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis upper bounds for all high integral moments of sums of Fourier coefficients of a given modular form twisted by quadratic Dirichlet characters. We show the bounds are optimal by establishing unconditionally the corresponding lower bounds for all even integer moments.

Large quadratic character sums with multiplicative coefficients
Zikang Dong, Yutong Song, Weijia Wang, Hao Zhang, Shengbo Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20192 https://

Large quadratic character sums with multiplicative coefficients
In this article, we investigate conditional large values of quadratic Dirichlet character sums with multiplicative coefficients. We prove some Omega results under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis.