Tootfinder

Time and again in the communist bloc, economic reformers from Moscow to Pyongyang planned to introduce rationality and markets into planning.
They often thought they had won the argument,
-- and not just among dissidents in labor camps but at the highest levels of their Politburos.
Yet almost every time, their proposed reforms were either whittled down to nothing before implementation, or passed and then reversed after a few months or years.
Why?
These reformers …

Why communist reformers always lost
Communism had reforming optimists too. Their failure can help today’s reformers to avoid the same fate.