Tootfinder

Multi-spacecraft Measurements of the Evolving Geometry of the Solar Alfv\'en Surface Over Half a Solar Cycle
Samuel T. Badman, Michael L. Stevens, Stuart D. Bale, Yeimy J. Rivera, Kristopher G. Klein, Tatiana Niembro, Rohit Chhiber, Ali Rahmati, Phyllis L. Whittlesey, Roberto Livi, Davin E. Larson, Christopher J. Owen, Kristoff W. Paulson, Timothy S. Horbury, Jean Morris, Helen O'Brien, Jean-Baptiste Dakeyo, Jaye L. Verniero, Mihailo Martinovic, Marc Pulupa, Federico Fraschetti…

Multi-spacecraft Measurements of the Evolving Geometry of the Solar Alfvén Surface Over Half a Solar Cycle
The geometry of a star's Alfvén surface determines stellar angular momentum loss, separates a causally distinct 'corona' and stellar wind, and potentially affects exoplanetary habitability. The solar Alfvén surface is the only such structure that is directly measurable and since 2021, has been routinely measured in situ by NASA's Parker Solar Probe (Parker). We use these unique measurements in concert with Solar Orbiter and L1 in situ data spanning the first half of the Solar Cycle 25 in time…

Observational Constraints on the Radial Evolution of O$^{6 }$ Temperature and Differential Flow in the Inner Heliosphere
Yeimy J. Rivera, Kristopher G. Klein, Joseph H. Wang, Lorenzo Matteini, Daniel Verscharen, Jesse T. Coburn, Samuel T. Badman, Susan T. Lepri, Ryan M. Dewey, Jim M. Raines, Benjamin L. Alterman, Timothy J. Stubbs, Kevin C. Delano, Roberto Livi, Stefano A. Livi, Antoinette B. Galvin, Christopher J. Owen, Michael L. Stevens

Observational Constraints on the Radial Evolution of O$^{6+}$ Temperature and Differential Flow in the Inner Heliosphere
Over decades of solar wind observations, heavy ions have been observed to have a higher temperature and flow faster than protons in the solar corona and heliosphere. Remote observations have largely been limited to the low corona ($< 4R_{\odot}$), while in situ observations for heavy ions ($Z>2$) have only been sampled at 1 au and beyond. As a result, theories that address heavy ion heating and acceleration remain largely unconstrained. With the launch of Solar Orbiter, heavy ion kinetics can b…