Constraint-Level Design of zkEVMs: Architectures, Trade-offs, and EvolutionYahya Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Sanaz Taheri-Boshrooyehhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05376 https://
Constraint-Level Design of zkEVMs: Architectures, Trade-offs, and EvolutionZero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines (zkEVMs) must reconcile a fundamental contradiction: the Ethereum Virtual Machine was designed for transparent sequential execution, while zero-knowledge proofs require algebraic circuit representations. This survey provides the first systematic analysis of how existing major production zkEVM implementations resolve this tension through distinct constraint engineering strategies. We develop a comparative framework that maps the design space across three …