Uspol, genocide
In case you're wondering whether "political violence" is escalating in the U.S.A. right now, of *course* it is as we move into an era of concentration campus and domestic military deployments. But both domestic genocides and purges as well as political violence targeted at individual prominent figures has been a *constant* throughout American history, from gun duels fought between political rivals to massacres of Native Americans in order to steal their land, to pogroms against Catholics, to literal wars on local Black success and political participation, all dating back before the American Revolution to the beginning of colonization. Thanks to Wikipedia, here's a *small sampling* where I attempted to whittle things down to about one event per decade before recent times.
Sources:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_United_States
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_massacres_in_North_America
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_assassination_attempts_and_plots
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_political_violence_in_Washington,_D.C.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States
Killings, woundings, and plots against political figures:
Aaron Burr killing Alexander Hamilton in 1804
Sam Houston beats Rep. William Stanbery in 1832
Attempted Assassination of Andrew Jackson in 1835
Fight between Representatives Churchwell & Cullom in 1854
Caning of Sen. Charles Summer in 1856
Brawl on the House floor in 1858
Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865
Assassination of President James A. Garfield in 1881
Assassination of President William McKinley in 1901
Attempted Assassination of William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz in 1909
Wounding of former President Theodore Roosevelt in 1912
Bombing of the U.S. Senate reception room in 1915
Attempted Assassination of President Herbert Hover in 1928 (in Argentina)
Attempted Assassination of President Harry S. Truman in 1947
Attempted Assassination of President Harry S. Truman in 1950
The United States Capitol Shooting in 1954
Planned Assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1960
Attempted Assassination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1963
Assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963
Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968
Weather Underground bombings in 1970, 1971, and 1975
Planned Assassination of President Richard Nixon in 1972 (Alabama Governor George Wallace was targeted & injured instead)
Planned Assassination of President Richard Nixon in 1974
Planned Assassination of President Gerald Ford in 1974
Attempted Assassinations (x2) of President Gerald Ford in 1975
Wounding of President Ronald Reagan in 1981
Attempted Kidnapping of Federal Reserve Board members in 1981
Planned Assassination of President George Bush in 1993 (in Kuwait)
Attempted Assassinations (x3) of President Bill Clinton in 1994
Attempted Assassination of President Bill Clinton in 1996
Anthrax attacks on US senators in 2001
Attempted Assassination of President George W. Bush in 2005 (in the foreign country of Georgia)
Planned Assassination of President-Elect Barrack Obama in 2008
Planned Assassination of President Barrack Obama in 2009 (in Turkey)
Attempted Assassination of President Barrack Obama in 2011
Shooting of Rep. Gabby Gliffords in 2011
Planned Assassinations (x2) of President Barrack Obama in 2012
Attempted Assassinations (x2) of President Barrack Obama in 2013
Planned Assassination of President Barrack Obama in 2015
Attempted Assassinations (x2) of President Donald Trump in 2017
Attempted Assassination of President Donald Trump in 2018
Pipe bombs mailed to Democratic leaders in 2018, including former President Barack Obama
Planned Assassination of President Barrack Obama in 2019
Attempted Assassination of President Donald Trump in 2020
Kidnapping plot against Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer in 2020
Planned Assassination of Former President George W. Bush in 2022
Planned Assassination of Former President Barrack Obama in 2023
Attempted Assassination of President Joe Biden in 2023
Planned Assassinations (x2) of Presidential Candidate Donald Trump in 2024
Wounding of Presidential Candidate Donald Trump in 2024
Massacres and other mass killings, mostly with genocidal motivations:
The Acoma Massacre in 1599
The Paspaheg Massacre in 1610
The Wessagusset affair in 1623
The Mystic Massacre in 1637
The Pound Ridge Massacre in 1644
The Susquehannock chiefs massacre in 1675
The Apalachee Massacre in 1704
The Massacre at Fort Narhantes in 1712
The Norridgewock Massacre in 1724
The 1745 Massacre at Walden (in 1745)
The 1756 Massacre at Walden (in 1756)
The Killings by the Paxton Boys in 1763
The Yellow Creek Massacre in 1774
The Gnadenhütten Massacre in 1782
The Canyon del Muerto Massacre in 1805
The Battle of Tallushatchee in 1813
The Philadelphia Nativist Riots in 1844
The Bloody Island Massacre in 1850
The Mountain Meadows Massacre in 1857
The Sand Creek Massacre in 1864
The Opelousas Massacre in 1868
The Chinese Massacre in 1871
The Election Riot of 1874
The Haymarket Affair in 1886
The Buffalo Gap Massacre in 1890
The Wilmington Massacre in 1898
The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre (in 1906)
The Ludlow Massacre in 1914
The Elaine massacre in 1919
The Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921
The Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921
The Bonus Army Conflict in 1932
The 1937 Memorial Day massacre (in 1937)
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963
The Kent State shootings in 1970
The Greensboro massacre in 1979
The MOVE Bombing in 1985
The 4 O'Clock murders in 1988
The Oklahoma City bombing in 1995
The September 11 Attacks in 2001
The Fort Hood Shooting in 2009
The Holocaust Memorial Shooting in 2009
The Isla Vista killings in 2014
The Charleston Church shooting in 2015
The San Bernardino attack in 2015
The Orlando Nightclub Shooting in 2016
The Pittsburgh Synagogue Shooting in 2018
The El Paso Walmart shooting in 2019
The January 6th Capitol Attack in 2021
The 2022 Buffalo Shooting (in 2022)
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…
I think that it's important to remember that in these days of . . . gestures vaguely at . . . everything . . . that there is historical precedent for having some hope that things will get better.
On November 9, 1989:
The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal moment in history that symbolized the end of Cold War-era division and repression in Europe; it led directly to the reunification of Germany and inspired a wave of democratic movements across E…
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…
Apparently a fragmentary #SunPillar 20 minutes after sunset last evening from Bochum, Germany, with the Sun more than 3° below the horizon: didn't know that this #AtmosphericalOptics phenomenon - #afterglow effects in a very complicated cloud environment. The pillar vanished only when the solar depression approached 4°.
edit_wikibooks: Wikipedia book edits (2010)
Two bipartite user-page networks extracted from Wikipedia, about books. A user connects to a page if that user edited that page. Edits (edges) are timestamped. Edge weights represent counts of the number of edits.
This network has 3253 nodes and 11524 edges.
Tags: Informational, Web graph, Multigraph, Timestamps
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…
wiki_link_dyn: Wikipedia link dynamics (2011)
Six networks of the evolving hyperlink structure among wikipedia articles, for simple English (en), German (de), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Italian (it), French (fr), taken in August 2011. Each edge is timestamped, and an edge (i,j) indicates that article i hyperlinks to j. The edge sign indicates the addition ( 1) or deletion (-1) of that link at the specified time.
This network has 100312 nodes and 1627472 edges.
Tags: Informati…