Tootfinder

Radio and television stations,
facing enormous budget holes,
are pleading with NPR and PBS
to lower their fees as they examine whether to drop national programming altogether.
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/13/us/poli…

NPR and PBS Must Transform After Trump’s Cuts Cripple Broadcasters
Radio and television stations, facing enormous budget holes, are pleading with NPR and PBS to lower their fees as they examine whether to drop national programming altogether.

Simulating single-photon experiments with a quantum computer
Priyasheel Prasad, Marco Russo, Bartolomeo Montrucchio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09095 https://

Simulating single-photon experiments with a quantum computer
In this work, we simulate the behavior of photons in a laboratory experiment using a quantum computer and examine how the simulation results compare with the theoretical predictions. The experiment involves both protective and non-protective measurements. While the latter involves complete wavefunction collapse, the former combines weak interactions with a protective mechanism thereby preserving the photon wave function coherence until its final detection. The simulation gives insights as to ho…

As US regulators restrict Covid mRNA vaccines
and as independent vaccine advisers re-examine the shots, scientists fear that an unlikely target could be next: 👉cancer research.
Messenger RNA, or mRNA, vaccines have shown promise in treating and preventing cancers that have often been difficult to address -- such as pancreatic cancer, brain tumors and others.
🆘 But groundbreaking research could stall as federal and state officials target mRNA shots,
including ending fe…

Lights Out On Nearly Complete Graphs
Bradley Forrest, Riya Goyal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09341 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.09341

Lights Out On Nearly Complete Graphs
We study the generalization of the game Lights Out in which the standard square grid board is replaced by a graph. We examine the probability that, when a graph is chosen uniformly at random from the set of graphs with $n$ vertices and $e$ edges, the resulting game of Lights Out is universally solvable. Our work focuses on nearly complete graphs, graphs for which $e$ is close to $\binom{n}{2}$. For large values of $n$, we prove that, among nearly complete graphs, the probability of selecting a …

Cosmological Correlators in Gauge Theory and Gravity from EAdS
Md. Abhishek, Charlotte Sleight, Massimo Taronna
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09536 https://ar…

Cosmological Correlators in Gauge Theory and Gravity from EAdS
In this work we examine in more detail the perturbative map between late-time correlators in de Sitter space and boundary correlators in Euclidean anti-de Sitter space, elaborating on the general construction presented in arXiv:2007.09993 and arXiv:2109.02725 for EFTs of bosonic spinning fields by treating explicitly the cases of gauge bosons and gravitons. In these cases, additional technical subtleties arise from the treatment of massless representations of the de Sitter isometry group in eve…

Evasive Ransomware Attacks Using Low-level Behavioral Adversarial Examples
Manabu Hirano, Ryotaro Kobayashi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08656 https://arxiv.…

Evasive Ransomware Attacks Using Low-level Behavioral Adversarial Examples
Protecting state-of-the-art AI-based cybersecurity defense systems from cyber attacks is crucial. Attackers create adversarial examples by adding small changes (i.e., perturbations) to the attack features to evade or fool the deep learning model. This paper introduces the concept of low-level behavioral adversarial examples and its threat model of evasive ransomware. We formulate the method and the threat model to generate the optimal source code of evasive malware. We then examine the method u…

An Empirical Inquiry into Surveillance Capitalism: Web Tracking
Nils Bonfils
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07454 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07454

An Empirical Inquiry into Surveillance Capitalism: Web Tracking
The modern web is increasingly characterized by the pervasiveness of Surveillance Capitalism. This investigation employs an empirical approach to examine this phenomenon through the web tracking practices of major tech companies -- specifically Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft (GAFAM) -- and their relation to financial performance indicators. Using longitudinal data from WhoTracks.Me spanning from 2017 to 2025 and publicly accessible SEC filings, this paper analyzes patterns and t…

Authorities Examine Rifle and Ammo as Manhunt for Kirk Shooter Stretches On (Wall Street Journal)
https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/charlie-kirk-shot
http://www.memeorandum.com/250911/p60#a250911p60

Beyond Predictions: A Study of AI Strength and Weakness Transparency Communication on Human-AI Collaboration
Tina Behzad, Nikolos Gurney, Ning Wang, David V. Pynadath
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09033

Beyond Predictions: A Study of AI Strength and Weakness Transparency Communication on Human-AI Collaboration
The promise of human-AI teaming lies in humans and AI working together to achieve performance levels neither could accomplish alone. Effective communication between AI and humans is crucial for teamwork, enabling users to efficiently benefit from AI assistance. This paper investigates how AI communication impacts human-AI team performance. We examine AI explanations that convey an awareness of its strengths and limitations. To achieve this, we train a decision tree on the model's mistakes, allo…

Comparing Notions of Dense Computability on $\omega^\omega$ and $2^\omega$
Peter M. Gerdes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06925 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.0692…

Comparing Notions of Dense Computability on $ω^ω$ and $2^ω$
A relatively new topic in computability theory is the study of notions of computation that are robust against mistakes on some kind of small set. However, despite the recent popularity of this topic relatively foundational questions about the notions of reducibility involved still persist. In this paper, we examine two notions of robust information coding, effective dense reducibility and coarse reducibility and answer the question posed in [1]: whether the degrees of functions under these redu…

White dwarfs in wide binaries: the strong effects of stellar evolution and mass loss
Hsiang-Chih Hwang (IAS), Nadia Zakamska (JHU, IAS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08364 https://…

White dwarfs in wide binaries: the strong effects of stellar evolution and mass loss
We examine the statistics of main-sequence / main-sequence, main-sequence / white-dwarf and white-dwarf / white-dwarf wide binaries at 10^2.5-10^4 AU separations in Gaia data. For binaries containing a white dwarf, we find a complex dependence of the wide binary fraction on the white dwarf mass, including a steep decline as a function of mass at >0.6Msun. Furthermore, we find that wide binaries containing white dwarfs have significantly lower eccentricities than main-sequence binaries at the sa…

Maximizing Social Welfare with Side Payments
Ivan Geffner, Caspar Oesterheld, Vincent Conitzer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07147 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.…

Maximizing Social Welfare with Side Payments
We examine normal-form games in which players may \emph{pre-commit} to outcome-contingent transfers before choosing their actions. In the one-shot version of this model, Jackson and Wilkie showed that side contracting can backfire: even a game with a Pareto-optimal Nash equilibrium can devolve into inefficient equilibria once unbounded, simultaneous commitments are allowed. The root cause is a prisoner's dilemma effect, where each player can exploit her commitment power to reshape the equilibri…

Tree-level NLO corrections to inclusive $\psi'$ production in High Energy Factorization
A. A. Prokhorov, S. P. Baranov, A. V. Lipatov, M. A. Malyshev, X. Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09416

Tree-level NLO corrections to inclusive $ψ'$ production in High Energy Factorization
We consider inclusive $ψ(2S)$ production in proton-proton collisions at collider energies in the framework of non-relativistic QCD and high-energy factorization beyond the low-order approximation. We utilise a matching scheme proposed earlier to merge the leading order and tree-level next-to-leading order production amplitudes and now extend it to low transverse momenta and/or forward rapidities. With the improved scheme, we examine the possibility to simultaneously describe all unpolarized LH…

Thermodynamics of Einstein-Geometric Proca AdS compact objects
Asalkhon Alimova, Elham Ghorani, Beyhan Puli\c{c}e, Farruh Atamurotov, Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09389

Thermodynamics of Einstein-Geometric Proca AdS compact objects
In this study we explore metric-Palatini gravity extended by the antisymmetric component of the affine curvature. This gravitational theory results in general relativity plus a geometric Proca field. Building on our previous work, where we constructed its static spherically symmetric solutions in the Anti-de Sitter (AdS) background (Eur. Phys. J. C 83(4):318, 2023), we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the system's thermodynamics. We examine the thermodynamic properties of the Einstein-Geomet…

Towards Efficient and Practical GPU Multitasking in the Era of LLM
Jiarong Xing, Yifan Qiao, Simon Mo, Xingqi Cui, Gur-Eyal Sela, Yang Zhou, Joseph Gonzalez, Ion Stoica
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08448

Towards Efficient and Practical GPU Multitasking in the Era of LLM
GPU singletasking is becoming increasingly inefficient and unsustainable as hardware capabilities grow and workloads diversify. We are now at an inflection point where GPUs must embrace multitasking, much like CPUs did decades ago, to meet the demands of modern AI workloads. In this work, we highlight the key requirements for GPU multitasking, examine prior efforts, and discuss why they fall short. To advance toward efficient and practical GPU multitasking, we envision a resource management lay…

The Three Hundred Project: deducing the stellar splashback structure of galaxy clusters from their orbiting profiles
Kris Walker, Aaron Ludlow, Chris Power, Alexander Knebe, Weiguang Cui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07232

The Three Hundred Project: deducing the stellar splashback structure of galaxy clusters from their orbiting profiles
We examine the splashback structure of galaxy clusters using hydrodynamical simulations from the GIZMO run of The Three Hundred Project, focusing on the relationship between the stellar and dark matter components. We dynamically decompose clusters into orbiting and infalling material and fit their density profiles. We find that the truncation radius $r_{\mathrm{t}}$, associated with the splashback feature, coincides for stars and dark matter, but the stellar profile exhibits a systematically st…

The Euler characteristic of an endotrivial complex
Nadia Mazza, Sam K. Miller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07404 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07404

The Euler characteristic of an endotrivial complex
Let $G$ be a finite group and $k$ a field of prime characteristic $p$. We examine the Lefschetz homomorphism $Λ: \mathcal{E}_k(G) \to O(T(kG))$ from the group of endotrivial complexes, i.e. the Picard group of the bounded homotopy category of $p$-permutation modules $K^b({}_{kG}\mathbf{triv})$, to the orthogonal unit group of the Grothendieck group of $K^b({}_{kG}\mathbf{triv})$, i.e. the trivial source ring. When $p = 2$ and $k = \mathbb{F}_2$, $Λ$ is surjective when $G$ has a Sylow $2$-subg…

Internal flow and concentration in neighbouring evaporating binary droplets and rivulets
Pim J. Dekker, Duarte Rocha, Christian Diddens, Detlef Lohse
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08820

Internal flow and concentration in neighbouring evaporating binary droplets and rivulets
In this paper, the evaporation of neighbouring multi-component droplets or rivulets - often found in applications such as inkjet printing, spray cooling, and pesticide delivery - is studied numerically and theoretically. The proximity induces a shielding effect that reduces individual evaporation rates and disrupts the symmetry of both the concentration profile and the flow field in the liquids. We examine how the symmetry of flow and concentration fields is affected by key parameters, namely t…

Safety Perspective on Assisted Lane Changes: Insights from Open-Road, Live-Traffic Experiments
Konstantinos Mattas, Sandor Vass, Gergely Zachar, Junyi Ji, Derek Gloudemans, Davide Maggi, Akos Kriston, Mohamed Brahmi, Maria Christina Galassi, Daniel B Work, Biagio Ciuffo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09233…

Safety Perspective on Assisted Lane Changes: Insights from Open-Road, Live-Traffic Experiments
This study investigates the assisted lane change functionality of five different vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The goal is to examine novel, under-researched features of commercially available ADAS technologies. The experimental campaign, conducted in the I-24 highway near Nashville, TN, US, collected data on the kinematics and safety margins of assisted lane changes in real-world conditions. The results show that the kinematics of assisted lane changes are c…

🪛 Tricking LLM-Based NPCs into Spilling Secrets
#llm #ai

Tricking LLM-Based NPCs into Spilling Secrets
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate dynamic dialogue for game NPCs. However, their integration raises new security concerns. In this study, we examine whether adversarial prompt injection can cause LLM-based NPCs to reveal hidden background secrets that are meant to remain undisclosed.

On $L^p$-Hardy inequalities for magnetic $p$-Laplacians
Yi C. Huang, Xinhang Tong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09483 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.09483

On $L^p$-Hardy inequalities for magnetic $p$-Laplacians
In this paper we examine the remainder terms of $L^p$-Hardy inequalities for magnetic $p$-Laplacians and provide certain sharp lower estimates. In particular, clarifying a recent result obtained by Cazacu, Krejčiřík, Lam and Laptev, we also answer two of their open problems by determining the sharp constants.

Understanding and Controlling Repetition Neurons and Induction Heads in In-Context Learning
Nhi Hoai Doan, Tatsuya Hiraoka, Kentaro Inui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07810

Understanding and Controlling Repetition Neurons and Induction Heads in In-Context Learning
This paper investigates the relationship between large language models' (LLMs) ability to recognize repetitive input patterns and their performance on in-context learning (ICL). In contrast to prior work that has primarily focused on attention heads, we examine this relationship from the perspective of skill neurons, specifically repetition neurons. Our experiments reveal that the impact of these neurons on ICL performance varies depending on the depth of the layer in which they reside. By comp…

Just out! My new article, 'Reimagining Our Futures: Education and the Promise of Possibility' in Comparative Education Studies is an exercise in hope to collectively, consciously, and critically re-examine education and education systems.
We can harness education's potential of promise by questioning assumptions - which/whose knowledges are legitimised and valued; what has been counted, discounted or marginalised as evidence.

Reimagining Our Futures: Education and the Promise of Possibility    - Comparative Education Studies (CES)
Commentary Reimagining Our Futures: Education and the Promise of Possibility Prachi Srivastava | pp. 86-91 Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the largest global disruption of schooling in recent history, resulting in immediate and cumulative ruptures. This commentary proposes a collective, conscious, and critical re-examination of education and education systems with a view to harnessing the […]

RNA Dynamics and Interactions Revealed through Atomistic Simulations
Olivier Languin-Catto\"en, Giovanni Bussi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08474 https:…

RNA Dynamics and Interactions Revealed through Atomistic Simulations
RNA function is deeply intertwined with its conformational dynamics. In this review, we survey recent advances in the use of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to characterize RNA dynamics in diverse contexts, including isolated molecules and complexes with ions, small molecules, or proteins. We highlight how enhanced sampling techniques and integrative approaches can improve both the precision and accuracy of the resulting structural ensembles. Finally, we examine the emerging role of ar…

Artificial Intelligence, Domain AI Readiness, and Firm Productivity
Sipeng Zeng, Xiaoning Wang, Tianshu Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09634 https://arxiv.…

Artificial Intelligence, Domain AI Readiness, and Firm Productivity
Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great promise for enhancing innovation and productivity, many firms struggle to realize its benefits. We investigate why some firms and industries succeed with AI while others do not, focusing on the degree to which an industrial domain is technologically integrated with AI, which we term "domain AI readiness". Using panel data on Chinese listed firms from 2016 to 2022, we examine how the interaction between firm-level AI capabilities and domain AI re…

Unequal Uncertainty: Rethinking Algorithmic Interventions for Mitigating Discrimination from AI
Holli Sargeant, Mackenzie Jorgensen, Arina Shah, Adrian Weller, Umang Bhatt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07872

Unequal Uncertainty: Rethinking Algorithmic Interventions for Mitigating Discrimination from AI
Uncertainty in artificial intelligence (AI) predictions poses urgent legal and ethical challenges for AI-assisted decision-making. We examine two algorithmic interventions that act as guardrails for human-AI collaboration: selective abstention, which withholds high-uncertainty predictions from human decision-makers, and selective friction, which delivers those predictions together with salient warnings or disclosures that slow the decision process. Research has shown that selective abstention b…

Entendimento de Campanhas no Contexto da Aten\c{c}\~ao Prim\'aria \`a Sa\'ude: Um Processo de Design Socialmente Consciente
De\'ogenes P. da Silva Junior, Jonas Lopes Guerra, Krissia Menezes, Marisa Sel Franco, Roberto Pereira
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06791

Entendimento de Campanhas no Contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde: Um Processo de Design Socialmente Consciente
This report presents the results of an exploratory analysis of the work context of Community Health Agents and Endemic Disease Control Agents in Primary Health Care (PHC), with a particular focus on Health Campaigns. To understand this context, the study adopted the Socially Aware Design framework, which employs artifacts and techniques to examine problem domains in a comprehensive and sociotechnical manner. Methods such as the Stakeholder Identification Diagram, Evaluation Frame, and Semiotic …

SQL-Exchange: Transforming SQL Queries Across Domains
Mohammadreza Daviran, Brian Lin, Davood Rafiei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07087 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

SQL-Exchange: Transforming SQL Queries Across Domains
We introduce SQL-Exchange, a framework for mapping SQL queries across different database schemas by preserving the source query structure while adapting domain-specific elements to align with the target schema. We investigate the conditions under which such mappings are feasible and beneficial, and examine their impact on enhancing the in-context learning performance of text-to-SQL systems as a downstream task. Our comprehensive evaluation across multiple model families and benchmark datasets--…

HWO Target Stars and Systems: A Survey of Archival UV and X-ray Data
Sarah Peacock, David J. Wilson, Tyler Richey-Yowell, Noah W. Tuchow, Kevin France, Jos\'e A. Caballero, Riccardo Spinelli, L\'ia Corrales, Aiden S. Zelakiewicz, Seth Redfield, Keighley Rockcliffe, Allison Youngblood, Cynthia S. Froning, Girish M. Duvvuri, Breanna A. Binder, Natalie R. Hinkel, Eric E. Mamajek
…

HWO Target Stars and Systems: A Survey of Archival UV and X-ray Data
We assess archival high-energy data for key stars on the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Target Stars and Systems 2025 list, as stellar radiation is critical to shaping and interpreting planetary atmospheres. Using a sample of 98 nearby stars (HWO Tier 1 targets), we compile and evaluate X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) data from archival eROSITA, Chandra, XMM-Newton, ROSAT, EUVE, Swift, FUSE, IUE, GALEX, and HST. We examine spectral and temporal coverage, assess data quality, and identify major g…

Narrative-Guided Reinforcement Learning: A Platform for Studying Language Model Influence on Decision Making
Anup Tuladhar, Araz Minhas, Adam Kirton, Eli Kinney-Lang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08785

Narrative-Guided Reinforcement Learning: A Platform for Studying Language Model Influence on Decision Making
We present a preliminary experimental platform that explores how narrative elements might shape AI decision-making by combining reinforcement learning (RL) with language model reasoning. While AI systems can now both make decisions and engage in narrative reasoning, these capabilities have mostly been studied separately. Our platform attempts to bridge this gap using a dual-system architecture to examine how narrative frameworks could influence reward-based learning. The system comprises a rein…

Schwarzschild-AdS Black Holes with Cloud of Strings and Quintessence: Geodesics, Thermodynamic Topology, and Quasinormal Modes
Faizuddin Ahmed, Saeed Noori Gashti, Abdelmalek Bouzenada, Behnam Pourhassan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07438

Schwarzschild-AdS Black Holes with Cloud of Strings and Quintessence: Geodesics, Thermodynamic Topology, and Quasinormal Modes
In this study, we explore a Schwarzschild-anti de-Sitter black hole (BH) coupled with a cloud of strings (CoS) possessing both electric- and magnetic-like components of the string bivector, embedded in a Kiselev-type quintessence fluid (QF). We analyze the dynamics of photons and test particles, focusing on trajectories, photon spheres, BH shadows, and innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO), highlighting how CoS and QF parameters affect these features. We then examine the thermodynamic topolog…

A case study of GW190425 for classifying binary neutron star versus binary black hole mergers and constraining asymmetric dark matter with gravitational wave detectors
Sanika Khadkikar, Divya Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07895

A case study of GW190425 for classifying binary neutron star versus binary black hole mergers and constraining asymmetric dark matter with gravitational wave detectors
The LIGO Scientific, Virgo, and KAGRA collaboration has identified two binary neutron star merger candidates, GW170817 and GW190425, along with several binary black hole candidates. While GW170817 was confirmed as a BNS merger through its electromagnetic counterparts, GW190425 lacked such observations, leaving its classification uncertain. We examine the possibility that GW190425 originated from black holes that merged after dark matter accretion caused their progenitor neutron stars to implode…

Infrared and Optical Emission-line Diagnostics
Mark Durr\'e
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08603 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.08603

Infrared and Optical Emission-line Diagnostics
We study a catalogue of over 130 emission-line galaxies with matched near infra-red (NIR) and optical spectra, where we examine the relationship between the respective nuclear activity classifications, diagnosed by the flux ratios of emission lines. We match the standard NIR classification with four different optical classifications. While there is a broad agreement between the two regimes, there are mismatches and overlaps caused either by aperture effects and/or NIR radiation penetrating obsc…

Intraseasonal Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby Waves in Modern AI-ML Models
Shrutee Jalan, Jai Sukhatme
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07952 https://

Intraseasonal Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby Waves in Modern AI-ML Models
We examine the structure of large-scale convectively coupled Kelvin and Rossby waves in a suite of modern AI-ML models. In particular, multiple runs of PanguWeather, GraphCast, FourCastNet and Aurora are performed to assess the structure of the aforementioned waves. Wavenumber-frequency diagrams of zonal winds from all models show a clear signature of Rossby and Kelvin waves with equivalent depths that are in accord with observations and reanalysis. Composites of Kelvin waves show correct lower…

From Theory to Forecast: Neutrino Mass Effects on Mode-Coupling Kernels and Their Observational Implications
Farshad Kamalinejad, Zachary Slepian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06759

From Theory to Forecast: Neutrino Mass Effects on Mode-Coupling Kernels and Their Observational Implications
We present an analytical expression that gives both the matter and tracer (halo or galaxy) power spectrum with 1-loop corrections that include the neutrino effects on the mode coupling kernels. We use the FFTLog algorithm to accelerate calculating the higher-order corrections to the power spectrum. We then use our power spectrum and bispectrum models to pursue two main goals. First, we examine the impact of neutrino mass on cosmological parameter estimation from both the power spectrum and bisp…

Observables of random spanning trees in random environment
Luca Makowiec
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07702 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.…

Observables of random spanning trees in random environment
In this thesis, we study a new disordered system called random spanning tree in random environment (RSTRE) across different families of graphs with varying disorder distributions. We examine several observables as functions of the disorder strength (inverse temperature) $β\geq 0$, and compare their values to the extreme cases $β= 0$ and $β\rightarrow \infty$, which correspond to the uniform spanning tree (UST) and the minimum spanning tree (MST), respectively. The results concerning the diam…

StreetViewAI: Making Street View Accessible Using Context-Aware Multimodal AI
Jon E. Froehlich, Alexander Fiannaca, Nimer Jaber, Victor Tsara, Shaun Kane
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08524

StreetViewAI: Making Street View Accessible Using Context-Aware Multimodal AI
Interactive streetscape mapping tools such as Google Street View (GSV) and Meta Mapillary enable users to virtually navigate and experience real-world environments via immersive 360° imagery but remain fundamentally inaccessible to blind users. We introduce StreetViewAI, the first-ever accessible street view tool, which combines context-aware, multimodal AI, accessible navigation controls, and conversational speech. With StreetViewAI, blind users can virtually examine destinations, engage in o…

Understanding Ethical Practices in AI: Insights from a Cross-Role, Cross-Region Survey of AI Development Teams
Wilder Baldwin, Sepideh Ghanavati, Manuel Woersdoerfer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09219

Understanding Ethical Practices in AI: Insights from a Cross-Role, Cross-Region Survey of AI Development Teams
Recent advances in AI applications have raised growing concerns about the need for ethical guidelines and regulations to mitigate the risks posed by these technologies. In this paper, we present a mixed-method survey study - combining statistical and qualitative analyses - to examine the ethical perceptions, practices, and knowledge of individuals involved in various AI development roles. Our survey includes 414 participants from 43 countries, representing roles such as AI managers, analysts, d…

On the unit group scheme of the group algebra of a certain non-commutative finite flat group scheme over an $\Bbb{F}_{p}$-algebra
Yuji Tsuno
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08529 htt…

On the unit group scheme of the group algebra of a certain non-commutative finite flat group scheme over an $\Bbb{F}_{p}$-algebra
Suwa investigated the unit group scheme of the group ring associated with a finite flat group scheme and provided a characterization of torsors possessing the normal base property for such schemes. In this paper, we examine the unit group scheme of the group ring for a specific non-commutative finite flat group scheme and characterize torsors with the normal base property in this context. Moreover, in connection with the Noether problem for Hopf algebras proposed by Kassel and Masuoka, we compu…

{\Delta}SCF Excitation Energies Up a Ladder of Ground-State Density Functionals
Ethan Pollack, Rohan Maniar, John P. Perdew
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07482 https://

ΔSCF Excitation Energies Up a Ladder of Ground-State Density Functionals
Density functional theory (DFT) is a widespread and effective tool in electronic structure calculations for ground-state electron systems. Its success has prompted exploration into the use of DFT for non-collective excited states. The delta self-consistent field ($Δ$SCF) method allows for the extension of DFT to excited-state energies by restricting the Kohn-Sham orbital occupations, producing an excited-state electron density, and then computing its energy. In this paper, we examine the perfo…

Learning the Topic, Not the Language: How LLMs Classify Online Immigration Discourse Across Languages
Andrea Nasuto, Stefano Maria Iacus, Francisco Rowe, Devika Jain
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06435

Learning the Topic, Not the Language: How LLMs Classify Online Immigration Discourse Across Languages
Large language models (LLMs) are transforming social-science research by enabling scalable, precise analysis. Their adaptability raises the question of whether knowledge acquired through fine-tuning in a few languages can transfer to unseen languages that only appeared during pre-training. To examine this, we fine-tune lightweight LLaMA 3.2-3B models on monolingual, bilingual, or multilingual data sets to classify immigration-related tweets from X/Twitter across 13 languages, a domain character…

Convergence analysis for the Barrett-Garcke-Nurnberg method of transport type
Genming Bai, Harald Garcke, Shravan Veerapaneni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07834 https://

Convergence analysis for the Barrett-Garcke-Nurnberg method of transport type
In this paper, we propose a Barrett-Garcke-Nurnberg (BGN) method for evolving geometries under general flows and present the corresponding convergence analysis. Specifically, we examine the scenario where a closed curve evolves according to a prescribed background velocity field. Unlike mean curvature flow and surface diffusion, where the evolution velocities inherently exhibit parabolicity, this case is dominated by transport which poses a significant difficulty in establishing convergence pro…

It's very amusing to read this piece by @… , "Harvard considered as a long-lived biological organism", examine the section "Harvard's defenses", and see how they seem so strong in normal times and are failing right now—as a bellwether of our times.

Stable proper biharmonic maps in Euclidean spheres
Volker Branding, Anna Siffert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06708 https://arxiv.org/p…

Stable proper biharmonic maps in Euclidean spheres
We construct an explicit family of stable proper weak biharmonic maps from the unit ball $B^m$, $m\geq 5$, to Euclidean spheres. To the best of the authors knowledge this is the first example of a stable proper weak biharmonic map from at compact domain. To achieve our result we first establish the second variation formula of the bienergy for maps from the unit ball into a Euclidean sphere. Employing this result, we examine the stability of the proper weak biharmonic maps $q:B^m\to\mathbb{S}^{m…

Secure and Scalable Blockchain Voting: A Comparative Framework and the Role of Large Language Models
Kiana Kiashemshaki, Elvis Nnaemeka Chukwuani, Mohammad Jalili Torkamani, Negin Mahmoudi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05865

Secure and Scalable Blockchain Voting: A Comparative Framework and the Role of Large Language Models
Blockchain technology offers a promising foundation for modernizing E-Voting systems by enhancing transparency, decentralization, and security. Yet, real-world adoption remains limited due to persistent challenges such as scalability constraints, high computational demands, and complex privacy requirements. This paper presents a comparative framework for analyzing blockchain-based E-Voting architectures, consensus mechanisms, and cryptographic protocols. We examine the limitations of prevalent …

Universal dimensions of visual representation https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw7697 "our approach could be extended beyond vision models to examine the representational dimensions that are shared across vision and language";

Search for Slow Bars in Two Barred Galaxies with Nuclear Structures: NGC 6951 and NGC 7716
Yun Hee Lee, Ho Seong Hwang, Virginia Cuomo, Myeong-Gu Park, Taehyun Kim, Narae Hwang, Hong Bae Ann, Woong-Tae Kim, Hyun-Jeong Kim, Ji Yeon Seok, Jeong Hwan Lee, Yeon-Ho Choi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08710 …

Search for Slow Bars in Two Barred Galaxies with Nuclear Structures: NGC 6951 and NGC 7716
We investigate two barred galaxies with nuclear structures, NGC 6951 and NGC 7716, to examine whether they host slow bars. Using Gemini/GMOS long-slit spectroscopy, we calculate the bar pattern speed with the Tremaine-Weinberg method and detect kinematically decoupled nuclear disks in both galaxies. We also measure the bar length and strength using Pan-STARRs images and identify a nuclear ring in NGC 6951 and a nuclear bar in NGC 7716 from HST/PC images. Our results indicate that NGC 6951 hosts…

HAProxy’s “The State of SSL Stacks” is a depressing read.
After 2014 there was a brief period of hope for OpenSSL. Hope that was squashed by the disastrous 3.0 release & there’s little hope for improvement left.
The best current contender is AWS-LC of all things.
https://www.haproxy.com/blog/state-of-ssl…

The State of SSL Stacks
The SSL landscape has shifted dramatically. In this paper, we examine OpenSSL 3.x, BoringSSL, LibreSSL, WolfSSL, and AWS-LC with HAProxy.

Reversibility, balance and expansivity of non-uniform cellular automata
Katariina Paturi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06896 https://arx…

Reversibility, balance and expansivity of non-uniform cellular automata
Non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) are an extension of cellular automata (CA), which transform cells according to multiple different local rules. A NUCA is defined by a configuration of local rules called a local rule distribution. We examine what properties of uniform CA can be recovered by restricting the rule distribution to be (uniformly) recurrent, focusing on only 1D NUCA. We show that a bijective NUCA with a uniformly recurrent rule distribution is reversible. We also show that if a …

Transport of Particles in Strongly Turbulent 3D Magnetized Plasmas
Heinz Isliker, Loukas Vlahos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05727 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508…

Transport of Particles in Strongly Turbulent 3D Magnetized Plasmas
In this review, we examine particle transport in strongly turbulent three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasmas, characterized by intense (large-amplitude) magnetic field fluctuations. Such environments naturally give rise to a network of coherent structures (CoSs), including current sheets, filaments, shocks, switchbacks, and significant magnetic perturbations, which critically influence particle dynamics at the kinetic level. Within this turbulent regime, two fundamental particle energization m…

Testing Viability of Benchmark Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Excess
Yongao Hu, Cari Cesarotti, Tracy R. Slatyer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08043 https://

Testing Viability of Benchmark Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Excess
We examine the status of benchmark simplified dark matter models that have been proposed to explain the GeV gamma-ray Galactic Center excess. We constrain the available parameter space using updated observations from indirect detection, cosmology, direct detection, and accelerators. We show that there is still unconstrained parameter space in both classes of models we consider (a secluded dark sector with a vector portal coupling, and a two-Higgs doublet with a pseudoscalar mediator), and discu…

Glass transition in colloidal monolayers controlled by light-induced caging
Abolfazl Ahmadirahmat, Michele Caraglio, Vincent Krakoviack, Thomas Franosch
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07726

Glass transition in colloidal monolayers controlled by light-induced caging
We theoretically investigate the glass-transition problem for a quasi-two-dimensional colloidal dense suspension modulated by a one-dimensional periodic external potential as imposed by interfering laser beams. Relying on a mode-coupling approach, we examine the nonequilibrium state diagram for hard disks as a function of the density and the period of the modulation for various potential strengths. The competition between the local packing and the distortion of the cages induced by the potentia…

Indirect stabilization of nonlinear coupled wave equations in the presence of time delay or indefinite damping
Alhabib Moumni, Cristina Pignotti, Jawad Salhi, Mouhcine Tilioua
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07311

Indirect stabilization of nonlinear coupled wave equations in the presence of time delay or indefinite damping
This paper explores the exponential stability of two nonlinear wave equations coupled through their velocities. The analysis is divided into two main cases. First, we consider a system where one equation is damped, while the other experiences a discrete time delay. By reformulating the problem in an abstract framework, we use semigroup theory and energy methods to establish well-posedness and derive conditions that guarantee exponential energy decay. In the second case, we examine a scenario wh…

On the convergence rate of the Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm
Hadi Abbaszadehpeivasti, Moslem Zamani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06676 https://arxiv.o…

On the convergence rate of the Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm
This work is concerned with the convergence rate analysis of the Douglas-Rachford splitting (DRS) method for finding a zero of the sum of two maximally monotone operators. We obtain an exact rate of convergence for the DRS algorithm and demonstrate its sharpness in the setting of convex feasibility problems. Furthermore, we investigate the linear convergence of the DRS algorithm, providing both necessary and sufficient conditions that characterize this behavior. We further examine the performan…

The IBM Description of the B(E2) Anomaly: Dynamical Triaxiality and Configuration Mixing
Wei Teng, Sheng Nan Wang, Xian Zhi Zhao, Yu Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08240 https…

The IBM Description of the B(E2) Anomaly: Dynamical Triaxiality and Configuration Mixing
A theoretical investigation has been carried out to examine the effects of dynamical triaxility and configuration mixing on the $B(E2)$ anomaly, characterized by $B_{4/2}=B(E2;4_1^+\rightarrow2_1^+)/B(E2;2_1^+\rightarrow0_1^+)<1.0$ and $R_{4/2}=E(4_1^+)/E(2_1^+)\geq2.0$, within the framework of the interacting boson model (IBM). The results indicate that the effective $γ$ deformation may undergo substantial changes with increasing angular momentum in the $B(E2)$ anomaly system governed by an I…

Persuasion Gains and Losses from Peer Communication
Toygar T. Kerman, Anastas P. Tenev, Konstantin Zabarnyi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09099 https://arxiv.…

Persuasion Gains and Losses from Peer Communication
We study a Bayesian persuasion setting in which a sender wants to persuade a critical mass of receivers by revealing partial information about the state to them. The homogeneous binary-action receivers are located on a communication network, and each observes the private messages sent to them and their immediate neighbors. We examine how the sender's expected utility varies with increased communication among receivers. We show that for general families of networks, extending the network can str…

The maximum proportion of spreaders in stochastic rumor models
Elcio Lebensztayn, Pablo M. Rodriguez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07914 https://

The maximum proportion of spreaders in stochastic rumor models
We examine a general stochastic rumor model characterized by specific parameters that govern the interaction rates among individuals. Our model includes the \((α, p)\)-probability variants of the well-known Daley--Kendall and Maki--Thompson models. In these variants, a spreader involved in an interaction attempts to transmit the rumor with probability \(p\); if successful, any spreader encountering an individual already informed of the rumor has probability \(α\) of becoming a stifler. We pro…

Dynamical properties of high-[Mg/Fe] stars in the Milky Way bar region
Aakash Pandey, Ortwin Gerhard
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09119 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Dynamical properties of high-[Mg/Fe] stars in the Milky Way bar region
The origin of the high-alpha component of the Galactic bulge remains debated, unlike the bar-driven origin of the low-alpha bulge. We examine the metallicity-dependent dynamical properties of high-[Mg/Fe] stars in the bar region, using samples of low- and high-[Mg/Fe] stars from APOGEE DR17, complemented by the PIGS catalogue of [Fe/H] $ < -1 $ stars. The mean Galactocentric rotational velocity $ \overline V_ϕ(R) $ is nearly cylindrical for both low- and high-[Mg/Fe] stars across the bulge and…

Impact of Polarization Distinguishability on Coherence in QIUP
Gaytri Arya, Paolo Bianchini, Alberto Diaspro
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06879 https://

Impact of Polarization Distinguishability on Coherence in QIUP
Quantum imaging with undetected photons (QIUP) is a promising technique for non-invasive imaging, particularly at wavelengths where detectors are inefficient or unavailable. Recent studies have investigated the role of polarization in QIUP schemes. In this work, we examine whether post-generation optical elements can recover interference when the signal photons are distinguishable in polarization at the source. Specifically, we employ a Mach-Zehnder interferometer after the photon pairs are gen…

A Study of Non-linear Flows and Shear Banding in Wormlike Micelles Under Varying Elasticity, Flow Curvature, and Surfactant Chemistry
Alfredo Scigliani, Hadi Mohammadigoushki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07218

A Study of Non-linear Flows and Shear Banding in Wormlike Micelles Under Varying Elasticity, Flow Curvature, and Surfactant Chemistry
We report the flow dynamics of two shear-banding wormlike micellar solutions with distinct surfactant chemistries in a Taylor-Couette (TC) setup following a startup shear. The solutions, formulated with CTAB/NaSal and CPyCl/NaSal, exhibit comparable bulk rheology and equilibrium microstructural properties. By varying the TC gap size, we systematically examine elasticity number over a range of 128000-4470000, while flow curvature spans from 0.022 to 0.171. Under a step shear into the stress plat…

Strongly flat modules via universal localization
Javad Asadollahi, Rasool Hafezi, Somayeh Sadeghi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06458 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Strongly flat modules via universal localization
In this paper, we investigate a non-commutative version of strongly flat modules, which is based on the concept of universal localization introduced by Cohn. We consider a set $σ$ consisting of maps of finitely generated projective $R$-modules, where $R$ is not necessarily a commutative ring. Let $R_σ$ denote the universal localization of $R$ with respect to $σ$. The class of $σ$-strongly flat modules is defined as the left class in the cotorsion pair generated by $R_σ$. We examine the hom…

On the red--shift emission from the black hole horizons replicas
D. Pugliese, Z. Stuchlik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08441 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08441…

On the red--shift emission from the black hole horizons replicas
We examine the red-shift emission from special orbits (horizons replicas) where photons have the same angular velocity, in magnitude, as those of the Kerr black hole (BH) Killing horizons. We focus on two particular contexts of special significance for their observational implications. A set of these orbits is located in the BH photons shell. Therefore the analysis also connects the red-shifting or blue-shifting from replicas (defined through the BH light surfaces) to the BH shadow boundaries. …

Fermi Geometry of the Higgs Sector
Nathaniel Craig, I-Kwan Lee, Yu-Tse Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07101 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07101

Fermi Geometry of the Higgs Sector
We develop the field space geometry of scalar-fermion effective field theories as a vector bundle supermanifold. We further establish a Fermi normal coordinate system on the bundle that clarifies the geometric content in scattering amplitudes, particularly the imprints of field space non-analyticities. Specializing to the Standard Model Higgs sector, we examine the geometric consequences of custodial symmetry violation, including implications for the physical Higgs field as a distinguished scal…

$b \to c$ semileptonic sum rule: Current status and prospects
Motoi Endo, Syuhei Iguro, Satoshi Mishima, Ryoutaro Watanabe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06322 https://

$b \to c$ semileptonic sum rule: Current status and prospects
The $b \to c$ semileptonic sum rules provide relations between the decay rates of $B \to D^{(*)} τ\barν$ and $Λ_b \to Λ_c τ\barν$. Starting from the heavy quark and zero-recoil limits, we revisit the derivation of the sum rule for total decay rates. We then examine deviations from the limits and investigate corrections arising from realistic hadron masses and higher-order contributions to form factors, taking account of uncertainties. We show that these corrections are negligible compared…

The History of Galaxy Mergers in IllustrisTNG
Bendeguz Koncz, Istvan Horvath, Andr\'as P\'eter Jo\'o, Andreas Burkert, L. Viktor T\'oth
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09355

The History of Galaxy Mergers in IllustrisTNG
The process of galaxy evolution over cosmic time is not yet fully understood, since there is a debate on the impact of galaxy collisions on the star formation and metallicity. The local environment of the galaxy mergers could also have a large impact on the evolution of the galaxies, but it has not yet been possible to examine it in detail. Modern simulations with larger capacity, including the newest physical knowledge and new observations with JWST, help us to answer these questions. Using th…

Restricted divisor functions and half Appell sums in higher-level
Meng-Juan Tian, Nian Hong Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06032 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Restricted divisor functions and half Appell sums in higher-level
We examine the value distributions of coefficients in certain $q$-series related to half Appell sums in higher-level and the first moment of the Garvan's $k$-rank of partitions. We prove that these coefficients equal certain restricted divisor functions and can take any nonnegative integer value infinitely many times. As applications, we confirm a conjecture of Xiong on the coefficients of a half Lerch sum and a conjecture of Garvan and Jennings-Shaffer on the nonnegativity of spt-crank-type pa…

Understanding Stigmatizing Language Lexicons: A Comparative Analysis in Clinical Contexts
Yiliang Zhou, Di Hu, Tianchu Lyu, Jasmine Dhillon, Alexandra L. Beck, Gelareh Sadigh, Kai Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07462

Understanding Stigmatizing Language Lexicons: A Comparative Analysis in Clinical Contexts
Stigmatizing language results in healthcare inequities, yet there is no universally accepted or standardized lexicon defining which words, terms, or phrases constitute stigmatizing language in healthcare. We conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify existing stigmatizing language lexicons and then analyzed them comparatively to examine: 1) similarities and discrepancies between these lexicons, and 2) the distribution of positive, negative, or neutral terms based on an establis…

Shuffling for Semantic Secrecy
Fupei Chen, Liyao Xiang, Haoxiang Sun, Hei Victor Cheng, Kaiming Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07401 https://

Shuffling for Semantic Secrecy
Deep learning draws heavily on the latest progress in semantic communications. The present paper aims to examine the security aspect of this cutting-edge technique from a novel shuffling perspective. Our goal is to improve upon the conventional secure coding scheme to strike a desirable tradeoff between transmission rate and leakage rate. To be more specific, for a wiretap channel, we seek to maximize the transmission rate while minimizing the semantic error probability under the given leakage …

Generalized variational principle for an accelerated pressureless gas model
Mack Dowell Komba Moudoumou, Fulgence Eyi Obiang, Octave Moutsinga
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07207 h…

Generalized variational principle for an accelerated pressureless gas model
We examine a discrete model of sticky particles initially subjected to acceleration. We propose a novel generalized variational principle for characterizing clusters (i.e., particle agglomerations) under decreasing acceleration function. This accelerated particle model is usually employed to solve a system of forced (inhomogeneous) pressureless gas equations. The momentum conservation law requires evaluating the force acting on the gas particles. Here, we present a new solution to this system o…

Bias in the Loop: How Humans Evaluate AI-Generated Suggestions
Jacob Beck, Stephanie Eckman, Christoph Kern, Frauke Kreuter
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08514 https://

Bias in the Loop: How Humans Evaluate AI-Generated Suggestions
Human-AI collaboration increasingly drives decision-making across industries, from medical diagnosis to content moderation. While AI systems promise efficiency gains by providing automated suggestions for human review, these workflows can trigger cognitive biases that degrade performance. We know little about the psychological factors that determine when these collaborations succeed or fail. We conducted a randomized experiment with 2,784 participants to examine how task design and individual c…

Partition Functions and Kurepa Decomposition I: Algebraic computation and some physical Applications
Francis Atta Howard
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06077 https://

Partition Functions and Kurepa Decomposition I: Algebraic computation and some physical Applications
This paper examines the algebraic features of notable polynomial functions and explores their combinatorial aspects by presenting precise decompositions in terms of Dobinski numbers, Bell numbers, and moments generating functions. Additionally, a new equivalence to the Kurepa factorial is developed to help investigate the Kurepa conjecture. In conclusion, we examine several physical phenomena related to Kurepa factorials, occupation number, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions while expl…

Generative AI and the Future of the Digital Commons: Five Open Questions and Knowledge Gaps
Arman Noroozian, Lorena Aldana, Marta Arisi, Hadi Asghari, Renata Avila, Pietro Giovanni Bizzaro, Ramya Chandrasekhar, Cristian Consonni, Deborah De Angelis, Francesca De Chiara, Maria del Rio-Chanona, Melanie Dulong de Rosnay, Maria Eriksson, Frederic Font, Emilia Gomez, Val\'erian Guillier, Lisa Gutermuth, David Hartmann, Lucie-Aim\'ee Kaffee, Paul Keller, Felix Stalder, Joao Vinagre, …

Generative AI and the Future of the Digital Commons: Five Open Questions and Knowledge Gaps
The rapid advancement of Generative AI (GenAI) relies heavily on the digital commons, a vast collection of free and open online content that is created, shared, and maintained by communities. However, this relationship is becoming increasingly strained due to financial burdens, decreased contributions, and misalignment between AI models and community norms. As we move deeper into the GenAI era, it is essential to examine the interdependent relationship between GenAI, the long-term sustainabilit…

Refined Thermodynamic Analysis of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Black Holes in a Phantom Background
Jyotish Kumar, Sudhaker Upadhyay, Himanshu Kumar Sudhanshu, Yerlan Myrzakulov, Kairat Myrzakulov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06578

Refined Thermodynamic Analysis of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Black Holes in a Phantom Background
In this study, we examine the thermodynamics of black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) by employing the Misner-Sharp energy framework. We extend the analysis to include the thermal fluctuations of these black holes when size reduces to small size, redefining key thermodynamic variables such as pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, and entropy within the context of PFDM. Using these newly defined variables, we systematically calculate the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, …

Enhancements in velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in Galactic subhalos
Odelia V. Hartl, Evan Vienneau, Evan Battaes, Addy J. Evans, Nassim Bozorgnia, Louis E. Strigari
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05519

Enhancements in velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in Galactic subhalos
We examine velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in subhalos using a sample of six Milky Way-like galaxies from the Aurgia simulation suite. We quantify the enhancement in the annihilation rate in subhalos when including the contribution from particles in the smooth component of the halo that overlap with the subhalos. The enhancement in the annihilation rate scales with the smooth component of the host halo dark matter density, and is evident for subhalos over the resolvable mass range. …

Multimode Photon-Photon Coupling
Shourya Viren, Rakesh Kumar Nayak, Biswanath Bhoi, Rajeev Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06778 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Multimode Photon-Photon Coupling
This study investigates a planar hybrid system consisting of three complementary splitring resonators (CSRRs), designed to examine interactions among multiple photon modes at room temperature. The system was modeled and simulated using the full-wave electromagnetic solver CST Microwave Studio. Analysis of the transmission spectra (|S21|) as a function of frequency for different CSRR dimensions revealed distinct anti-crossing behavior, indicative of strong photon-photon coupling (PPC).…

Massive Spinor Helicity Amplitudes, Cross Sections, and Coalescence
Camille Gomez-Laberge
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05539 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05539…

Massive Spinor Helicity Amplitudes, Cross Sections, and Coalescence
We examine recent advancements of the spinor helicity formalism of massive particles. Technical aspects about the formulation of massive helicity spinors are presented in detail to analyze the projective-geometry kinematics of helicity spinors as well as the diagrammatical and analytical structure of their interactions. Two new methods for calculating massive cross sections are derived and tested on Bhabha and Compton processes: a quasi-high-energy limit and an assembly of partial cross section…

Eclipse timing variations in 7 post-common envelope binaries: an update on recent circumbinary models
D. Pulley, I. D. Sharp, J. Mallett, S. von Harrach
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06748

Eclipse timing variations in 7 post-common envelope binaries: an update on recent circumbinary models
Eclipsing, short-period post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs) have been studied for several decades by eclipse timing variations (ETVs) which have been interpreted as being caused by circumbinary bodies. In this paper we report 355 new observations of 7 PECBs (HS0705+6700, NN Ser, NSVS 07826147, NSVS 14256825, NY Vir, QS Vir and RR Cae) and examine how the recent proposed models of these systems compare with our new observations. We find that none of the 18 recent models fit accurately with our…

Thermodynamic Analysis of Transverse Momentum Spectra in Pb-Pb Collisions at 2.76 TeV: Centrality Dependence of Temperature, Freezeout Parameters and Non-Extensitivity
M. Waqas, Hassan Ali Khan, Wolfgang Bietenholz, Muhammad Ajaz, Jihane Ben Slimane, Haifa I. Alrebdi, A. Haj Ismail
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07369

Thermodynamic Analysis of Transverse Momentum Spectra in Pb-Pb Collisions at 2.76 TeV: Centrality Dependence of Temperature, Freezeout Parameters and Non-Extensitivity
We study properties of Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV in mid-rapidity, $|y|<0.5$, based on data by the ALICE Collaboration. In particular, we examine the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of positively charged (identified) hadrons, $π^+$, $K^+$ and $p$, generated in various centrality intervals. We perform individual fits using the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution to extract the following quantities: the non-extensitivity parameter, $q$, the effective temperature, $T…

Measuring the Vulnerability Disclosure Policies of AI Vendors
Yangheran Piao (University of Edinburgh), Jingjie Li (University of Edinburgh), Daniel W. Woods (University of Edinburgh)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06136

Measuring the Vulnerability Disclosure Policies of AI Vendors
As AI is increasingly integrated into products and critical systems, researchers are paying greater attention to identifying related vulnerabilities. Effective remediation depends on whether vendors are willing to accept and respond to AI vulnerability reports. In this paper, we examine the disclosure policies of 264 AI vendors. Using a mixed-methods approach, our quantitative analysis finds that 36% of vendors provide no disclosure channel, and only 18% explicitly mention AI-related risks. Vul…

Understanding the Video Content Creation Journey of Creators with Sensory Impairment in Kenya
Lan Xiao, Maryam Bandukda, Franklin Mingzhe Li, Mark Colley, Catherine Holloway
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08108

Understanding the Video Content Creation Journey of Creators with Sensory Impairment in Kenya
Video content creation offers vital opportunities for expression and participation, yet remains largely inaccessible to creators with sensory impairments, especially in low-resource settings. We conducted interviews with 20 video creators with visual and hearing impairments in Kenya to examine their tools, challenges, and collaborative practices. Our findings show that accessibility barriers and infrastructural limitations shape video creation as a staged, collaborative process involving truste…

Who Gets Seen in the Age of AI? Adoption Patterns of Large Language Models in Scholarly Writing and Citation Outcomes
Farhan Kamrul Khan, Hazem Ibrahim, Nouar Aldahoul, Talal Rahwan, Yasir Zaki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08306

Who Gets Seen in the Age of AI? Adoption Patterns of Large Language Models in Scholarly Writing and Citation Outcomes
The rapid adoption of generative AI tools is reshaping how scholars produce and communicate knowledge, raising questions about who benefits and who is left behind. We analyze over 230,000 Scopus-indexed computer science articles between 2021 and 2025 to examine how AI-assisted writing alters scholarly visibility across regions. Using zero-shot detection of AI-likeness, we track stylistic changes in writing and link them to citation counts, journal placement, and global citation flows before and…

Evolution of magnetized hub-filament systems: Comparing the observed properties of W3(OH), W3 Main, and S 106
M. S. N. Kumar, D. Arzoumanian, S. Inutsuka, R. Furuya, N. K. Bhadari
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05918

Evolution of magnetized hub-filament systems: Comparing the observed properties of W3(OH), W3 Main, and S 106
In this study, we examine three cluster-forming hub-filament systems (HFS) - W3(OH), W3 Main, and S 106 - spanning evolutionary stages from early to advanced, with a focus on their magnetic field (B-field) structures and filament line-mass distributions. Our goal is to identify indicators of HFS evolution, particularly within their hubs, as star formation progresses. Our analysis combines observations of dense star-forming gas and young stellar populations. We present new JCMT/POL-2 observation…

Inflationary Decoherence from the Gravitational Floor
C. P. Burgess, R. Holman, Greg Kaplanek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07769 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.0…

Inflationary Decoherence from the Gravitational Floor
We re-examine the decoherence rate of primordial fluctuations within minimal inflationary models, using only the gravitational interactions required for the underlying fluctuation-generation mechanism itself. Since gravity provides the weakest interactions the result provides a plausible floor on the rate of primordial decoherence. Previous calculations (arXiv:2211.11046) did so using only a subset of these interactions, motivated by assuming both system and environment were super-Hubble. We ex…

Enhancing Online Learning by Integrating Biosensors and Multimodal Learning Analytics for Detecting and Predicting Student Behavior: A Review
Alvaro Becerra, Ruth Cobos, Charles Lang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07742

Enhancing Online Learning by Integrating Biosensors and Multimodal Learning Analytics for Detecting and Predicting Student Behavior: A Review
In modern online learning, understanding and predicting student behavior is crucial for enhancing engagement and optimizing educational outcomes. This systematic review explores the integration of biosensors and Multimodal Learning Analytics (MmLA) to analyze and predict student behavior during computer-based learning sessions. We examine key challenges, including emotion and attention detection, behavioral analysis, experimental design, and demographic considerations in data collection. Our st…

Towards Postmortem Data Management Principles for Generative AI
Ismat Jarin, Elina Van Kempen, Chloe Georgiou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07375 https://arxi…

Towards Postmortem Data Management Principles for Generative AI
Foundation models, large language models (LLMs), and agentic AI systems rely heavily on vast corpora of user data. The use of such data for training has raised persistent concerns around ownership, copyright, and potential harms. In this work, we explore a related but less examined dimension: the ownership rights of data belonging to deceased individuals. We examine the current landscape of post-mortem data management and privacy rights as defined by the privacy policies of major technology com…

Krylov exponents and power spectra for maximal quantum chaos: an EFT approach
Saskia Demulder, Maria Knysh, Andrew Rolph
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05444 https://

Krylov exponents and power spectra for maximal quantum chaos: an EFT approach
We examine the effective field theory (EFT) of maximal chaos through the lens of Krylov complexity and the Universal Operator Growth Hypothesis. We test the relationship between two measures of quantum chaos: out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) and Krylov complexity. In the EFT, a shift symmetry of the hydrodynamic modes enforces the maximal Lyapunov exponent in OTOCs, $λ_L = 2πT$, while simultaneously constraining thermal two-point autocorrelators. We solve these constraints on the autoc…

Motion of spinning particles around a quantum-corrected black hole without Cauchy horizons
Jiawei Chen, Jinsong Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07682 https://

Motion of spinning particles around a quantum-corrected black hole without Cauchy horizons
In this paper, we investigate the motion of spinning particles around a covariant quantum-corrected black hole without a Cauchy horizon within the framework of effective quantum gravity, and examine the influence of quantum gravitational effects on the motion of these spinning particles. First, we employ the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations to derive the 4-momentum and 4-velocity of spinning particles, and introduce the effective potential for radial motion using the components of the 4-mom…

The Evolution of Scientific Credit: When Authorship Norms Impede Collaboration
Toby Handfield, Kevin Zollman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07364 https://

The Evolution of Scientific Credit: When Authorship Norms Impede Collaboration
Scientific authorship norms vary dramatically across disciplines, from contribution-sensitive systems where first author is the greatest contributor and subsequent author order reflects relative input, to contribution-insensitive conventions like alphabetical ordering or senior-author-last. We develop evolutionary game-theoretic models to examine both how these divergent norms emerge and their subsequent effects on collaborative behavior. Our first model reveals that contribution-insensitive no…

Hunting in the Dark: Metrics for Early Stage Traffic Discovery
Max Gao, Michael Collins, Ricky Mok, kc Claffy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05213 https://

Hunting in the Dark: Metrics for Early Stage Traffic Discovery
Threat hunting is an operational security process where an expert analyzes traffic, applying knowledge and lightweight tools on unlabeled data in order to identify and classify previously unknown phenomena. In this paper, we examine threat hunting metrics and practice by studying the detection of Crackonosh, a cryptojacking malware package, has on various metrics for identifying its behavior. Using a metric for discoverability, we model the ability of defenders to measure Crackonosh traffic as …

Violating Weak Cosmic Censorship in AdS$_3$ via Gedanken Experiment
Masaya Amo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05384 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05384

Violating Weak Cosmic Censorship in AdS$_3$ via Gedanken Experiment
The weak cosmic censorship conjecture (wCCC) might not be as robust as one would expect. We present a potential counterexample to the wCCC in a rotating three-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS$_3$) spacetime. We extend the parameter range of the quantum corrected BTZ (qBTZ) black hole. We examine the infall of test particles with large orbital angular momentum into an extremal black hole. Our findings indicate that, under certain conditions -- such as neglecting the self-force effects -- the even…

Disentangling Initial-State and Evolution Effects in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using EPOS and PHSD
Mahbobeh Jafarpour, Vadym Voronyuk, Klaus Werner, Elena Bratkovskaya, Damien Vintache
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05428

Disentangling Initial-State and Evolution Effects in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using EPOS and PHSD
In this study we examine the impact of the initial stage and dynamical evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions. For this goal we develop a novel approach, EPOSir+PHSDe, which employs EPOS initial conditions as the starting point for parton and hadron evolution within the PHSD microscopic transport approach. By examining the space-time evolution of matter in this model and comparing to EPOS (which starts with an S-matrix approach for parallel scatterings for the initial cond…

When There Is No Decoder: Removing Watermarks from Stable Diffusion Models in a No-box Setting
Xiaodong Wu, Tianyi Tang, Xiangman Li, Jianbing Ni, Yong Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03646

When There Is No Decoder: Removing Watermarks from Stable Diffusion Models in a No-box Setting
Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution to counter harmful or deceptive AI-generated content by embedding hidden identifiers that trace content origins. However, the robustness of current watermarking techniques is still largely unexplored, raising critical questions about their effectiveness against adversarial attacks. To address this gap, we examine the robustness of model-specific watermarking, where watermark embedding is integrated with text-to-image generation in models like lat…

A systematic search for conformal field theories in very small spaces
Xiang Li, Ting-Chun Lin, John McGreevy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04596 https://arxiv…

A systematic search for conformal field theories in very small spaces
Groundstates of 1+1d conformal field theories (CFTs) satisfy a local entropic condition called the vector fixed point equation. This condition is surprisingly well satisfied by groundstates of quantum critical lattice models even at small system sizes. We perform a search in the space of states of very small systems (four qubits and four qutrits) and examine the states that satisfy this condition. By reconstructing a local Hamiltonian from each state, we are able to identify many of these solut…

Resonance in black hole ringdown: Benchmarking quasinormal mode excitation and extraction
Kei-ichiro Kubota, Hayato Motohashi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06411 https://

Resonance in black hole ringdown: Benchmarking quasinormal mode excitation and extraction
We investigate how resonant excitation near exceptional points manifests in Kerr black hole ringdown waveforms and examine its extraction. Using waveforms generated by localized initial data, where quasinormal mode amplitudes are given solely by excitation factors, we establish a controlled benchmark for overtone extraction. Applying an iterative fitting method with mirror modes, we analyze a mild resonance in the $(l,m)=(2,2)$ multipole and a sharp resonance in the $(3,1)$ multipole occurring …

A Methodological Framework and Questionnaire for Investigating Perceived Algorithmic Fairness
Ahmed Abdal Shafi Rasel, Ahmed Mustafa Amlan, Tasmim Shajahan Mim, Tanvir Hasan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05281

A Methodological Framework and Questionnaire for Investigating Perceived Algorithmic Fairness
This study explores perceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision-making among users in Bangladesh through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. By integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative interview insights, we examine how cultural, social, and contextual factors influence users' understanding of fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI systems. Our findings reveal nuanced attitudes toward human oversight, explanation mechanisms, and contestability, highlighting the im…

Shear viscosity to entropy density ratio: A powerful tool for gravity theories and strongly coupled fluids
Maril\`u Chiofalo, Dario Grasso, Stefano Liberati, Massimo Mannarelli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06178

Shear viscosity to entropy density ratio: A powerful tool for gravity theories and strongly coupled fluids
In this perspective review, we present a concise yet multifaceted overview of the pivotal role played by the the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio across various physical contexts. After summarizing some of the main aspects of the bound obtained by Kovtun, Son and Starinets, we examine potential sources of its violation, exploring the insights these may offer and their connections to fundamental causality conditions. We also review a range of experimental tests conducted in diverse, yet …

How candidates evoke identity and issues on TikTok
Sabina Tomkins, Chang Ge, David Rothschild
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05310 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.0…

How candidates evoke identity and issues on TikTok
Social media platforms are increasingly central to campaign communication, with both paid (advertising) and earned (organic) posts used for fundraising, mobilization, and persuasion. TikTok, and other short-form video platforms, with its short-video format and content-driven algorithms, demand unique content. We examine the final six months before the 2024 US Presidential Election to understand how major campaigns used TikTok. We frame our analysis around two political science theories. The fir…

A Note on Chaos in Hayward Black Holes with String Fluids
Aditya Singh, Ashes Modak, Binata Panda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02716 https://

A Note on Chaos in Hayward Black Holes with String Fluids
In this work, we examine the onset of thermodynamic chaos in Hayward AdS black holes with string fluids, emphasizing the effects of temporal and spatially periodic perturbations. We apply Melnikov's approach to examine the perturbed Hamiltonian dynamics and detect the onset of chaotic behavior within the spinodal regime of the $(P-v)$ plot. In the case of temporal perturbations induced by thermal quenches, chaos occurs for perturbation amplitude $γ$ exceeding a critical threshold that can be d…

Deepfakes in Criminal Investigations: Interdisciplinary Research Directions for CMC Research
Lorenz Meinen, Astrid Schom\"acker, Stefanie Wiedemann, Markus Hartmann, Timo Speith, Lena K\"astner, Niklas K\"uhl, Christian R\"uckert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03457

Deepfakes in Criminal Investigations: Interdisciplinary Research Directions for CMC Research
The emergence of deepfake technologies offers both opportunities and significant challenges. While commonly associated with deception, misinformation, and fraud, deepfakes may also enable novel applications in high-stakes contexts such as criminal investigations. However, these applications raise complex technological, ethical, and legal questions. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on computer science, philosophy, and law, to examine what it takes to responsibly use deepfakes in c…

Constraint on Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity with Different Dark energy Parametrizations from DESI DR2 BAO Data
Rajdeep Mazumdar, Mrinnoy M. Gohain, Kalyan Bhuyan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05975

Constraint on Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity with Different Dark energy Parametrizations from DESI DR2 BAO Data
We investigate the cosmological viability of symmetric teleparallel gravity, specifically the $f(Q)$ gravity model with a power-law form $f(Q) = αQ^n$, in combination with two widely used dark energy parameterizations: Chevallier Polarski Linder (CPL) and Barboza Alcaniz (BA). Employing the most recent DESI DR2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) dataset along with previous BAO measurements, we constrain the model parameters through a robust Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. We examine t…