Tootfinder

Causal Graph Fuzzy LLMs: A First Introduction and Applications in Time Series Forecasting
Omid Orang, Patricia O. Lucas, Gabriel I. F. Paiva, Petronio C. L. Silva, Felipe Augusto Rocha da Silva, Adriano Alonso Veloso, Frederico Gadelha Guimaraes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17016

Causal Graph Fuzzy LLMs: A First Introduction and Applications in Time Series Forecasting
In recent years, the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to time series forecasting (TSF) has garnered significant attention among researchers. This study presents a new frame of LLMs named CGF-LLM using GPT-2 combined with fuzzy time series (FTS) and causal graph to predict multivariate time series, marking the first such architecture in the literature. The key objective is to convert numerical time series into interpretable forms through the parallel application of fuzzification and c…

A nice and positive read, thanks @… for sharing it!
https://blog.nelhage.com/post/computers-can-be-understood/

Bycatch on my recent tour by car throughout Bavaria: a Sun Ultra 1 workstation. It's probably in a non repairable state, but anyway very eye candy just sitting in the shelf. The Ultra 1 was the very first Sun workstation with a 64-bit SPARC processor (UltraSPARC, sun4u Architecture), market introduction November 1995. #vintagecomputing

We’re learning how to create and share MEDIA in our “Creating Cool Websites” summer camp! Today we are adding AUDIO with Vocaroo to our “Favorite Animals”
Google Sites, and starting our “City Travel webpage” project with Adobe Express!
https://lessons.wesfryer.com/courses/sum…

Lessons by Dr. Wesley Fryer (wesfryer.com) - Cool Websites
These are resources for "Creating Cool Websites," a June 23 - 27, 2025 summer camp led by Dr. Wes Fryer. SHARE A LINK! (Google Form) - View Our Links! Camp Structure (Daily Schedule - 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM) 9:00–9:15: Greeting & Introduction to Design Process / Today's Focus 9:15–10:00: Skill

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on BBCRadio3's #EssentialClassics
Ferdinand Hérold, John Lanchbery, Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden & John Lanchbery:
🎵 Introduction & Dance of the Cock and Hens (La fille mal gardée)
https://open.spotify.com/track/1dFEPI6bzdejYdnXT7GZ7E

An introduction to Causal Modelling
Gauranga Kumar Baishya
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16486 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.16486

An introduction to Causal Modelling
This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments and potential outcomes. We discuss causal effect measures-including average treatment effects on the treated and on the untreated-and choices of effect scales for binary outcomes. We derive identification in randomized experiments under exchangeability and co…

A Gentle Introduction To Ncurses For The Terminally Impatient
https://hackaday.com/2025/06/17/a-gentle-introduction-to-ncurses-for-the-terminally-impatient/

A Gentle Introduction To Ncurses For The Terminally Impatient
Considered by many to be just a dull output for sequential text, the command-line terminal is a veritable canvas to the creative software developer. With the cursor as the brush, entire graphical u…

A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework for Analog Circuits' Sizing Relationships Extraction
Chengjie Liu, Weiyu Chen, Huiyao Xu, Yuan Du, Jun Yang, Li Du
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18424

A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework for Analog Circuits' Sizing Relationships Extraction
In the design process of the analog circuit pre-layout phase, device sizing is an important step in determining whether an analog circuit can meet the required performance metrics. Many existing techniques extract the circuit sizing task as a mathematical optimization problem to solve and continuously improve the optimization efficiency from a mathematical perspective. But they ignore the automatic introduction of prior knowledge, fail to achieve effective pruning of the search space, which the…

Roseau: Fast, Accurate, Source-based API Breaking Change Analysis in Java
Corentin Latappy (LaBRI), Thomas Degueule (LaBRI), Jean-R\'emy Falleri (LaBRI), Romain Robbes (LaBRI), Lina Ochoa (TU/e)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17369

Roseau: Fast, Accurate, Source-based API Breaking Change Analysis in Java
Understanding API evolution and the introduction of breaking changes (BCs) in software libraries is essential for library maintainers to manage backward compatibility and for researchers to conduct empirical studies on software library evolution. In Java, tools such as JApiCmp and Revapi are commonly used to detect BCs between library releases, but their reliance on binary JARs limits their applicability. This restriction hinders large-scale longitudinal studies of API evolution and fine-graine…

Advanced linear algebra
Teo Banica
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18666 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.18666…

Advanced linear algebra
This is an introduction to advanced linear algebra, with emphasis on geometric aspects, and with some applications included too. We first review basic linear algebra, notably with the spectral theorem in its general form, and with the theory of the resultant and discriminant. Then we discuss the Jordan form and its basic applications to physics, and other advanced decomposition results for the matrices. We then go into positivity topics, involving matrices and bilinear forms, and with a look in…

Replaced article(s) found for hep-th. https://arxiv.org/list/hep-th/new
[1/2]:
- An introduction to 2d conformal field theory
Satoshi Nawata, Runkai Tao, Daisuke Yokoyama

Ontological Definition of Seamless Digital Engineering Based on ISO/IEC 25000-Series SQuaRE Product Quality Model
James S. Wheaton, Daniel R. Herber
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17171

Ontological Definition of Seamless Digital Engineering Based on ISO/IEC 25000-Series SQuaRE Product Quality Model
Since the introduction of Digital Engineering (DE) as a well-defined concept in 2018, organizations and industry groups have been working to interpret the DE concepts to establish consistent meta-models of those interrelated concepts for integration into their DE processes and tools. To reach the breadth and depth of DE concept definitions, the interpretation of international standard sources is necessary, including ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, 24765, 42000-series, 15408, 15206, 27000-series, and 25000-…

Einstein metrics, their moduli spaces and stability
Paul Schwahn, Uwe Semmelmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18463 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.18463

Einstein metrics, their moduli spaces and stability
This survey deals with two closely connected topics: first, the stability of Einstein metrics under the Einstein-Hilbert functional, and second, their deformation theory and the study of the moduli space of Einstein metrics on a compact manifold. To first order, both problems reduce to studying the spectrum and eigentensors of the Lichnerowicz Laplacian. We give an introduction to the classical theory and survey recent results and advances.

Evolution Equations on Manifolds with Conical Singularities
Elmar Schrohe
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17481 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506…

Evolution Equations on Manifolds with Conical Singularities
This is an introduction to the analysis of nonlinear evolution equations on manifolds with conical singularities via maximal regularity techniques. We address the specific difficulties due to the singularities, in particular the choice of extensions of the conic Laplacian that guarantee the existence of a bounded $H_\infty$-calculus. We introduce the relevant technical tools and survey, as main examples, applications to the porous medium equation, the fractional porous medium equation, the Yama…

So it's been an even more hectic afternoon than usual, preparing kit, including 2 new and rather complex instruments we've never used before, for departure tomorrow morning. We managed to get most things ready, but it's been quite the introduction for my colleague Abraham who has never been to Greenland before! But who seems very at home in the snow practicing with the EM which will measure sea ice thickness (we hope). #FieldDiary

A continuity equation compatible basis for Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy
Federico Armato, Edoardo Martinelli, Marco Raveri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18526 https://

A continuity equation compatible basis for Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy
The Effective Field Theory (EFT) of Dark Energy (DE) is a model independent framework that allows for the description of a wide class of dark energy and modified gravity models. This is achieved by extending the Hilbert Einstein action through the introduction of time dependent functions. However, the choice of these functions and thus the operator basis is not unique. In this paper, we propose a physically motivated constraint based on the continuity equation, leading to a continuity equation …

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on BBCRadio3's #Radio3InConcert
Maurice Ravel, Emmanuel Pahud, Wenzel Fuchs, Marie‐Pierre Langlamet, Christophe Horšk, Simon Roturier, Ignacy Miecznikowski & Bruno Delepelaire:
🎵 Introduction and Allegro for harp, flute, clarinet and string quartet

I respect a principled stand.
“Public Broadcasting, the FCC, and Why I Turned Down the FCC Chairman’s Award for Advancement in Accessibility (by Larry Goldberg)”
https://www.lflegal.com/2025/07/larry-goldberg-fcc-award/

Attacks on Public Broadcasting Lead US Accessibility Champion to Reject Prestigious Award
Lainey's Introduction As the republican attacks on rights, benefits and democracy continue in the United States, resistance takes many forms. One problem in the country right now is that main stream media normalizes trump and republican activity, as if we are not creeping toward fascism with ever

Theoretical prediction of ultrasensitive sensing in 3D stochastic interferometry
Guillaume Graciani, Marcel Filoche
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19239 https:…

Theoretical prediction of ultrasensitive sensing in 3D stochastic interferometry
We show that a random light field can be used for high-precision metrology purposes, given the introduction of specific boundary conditions in the form of Lambertian reflections inside a cavity. We demonstrate a quantifiable and reproducible interferometric response to minute perturbations in wavelength, refractive index, and geometry, predicting high sensitivities in good agreement with experimental measurements of geometrical deformations down to the picometer.

Call for Papers: Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond https://popularcultureandtheology.com/2025/07/23/call-for-papers-religion-in-jack-kirbys-fourth-world-and-beyond/

Call for Papers: Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond
Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond Editor: Matthew Brake Jack Kirby needs no introduction. He was one of the most prolific and creative figures in the history of modern mainstream sup…

A large deviation view of \emph{stationarized} fully lifted blirp interpolation
Mihailo Stojnic
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19273 https://

A large deviation view of \emph{stationarized} fully lifted blirp interpolation
We consider \emph{bilinearly indexed random processes} (blirp) and study their interpolating comparative mechanisms. Generic introduction of the \emph{fully lifted} (fl) blirp interpolation in [105] was followed by a corresponding stationarization counterpart in [103]. A \emph{large deviation} upgrade of [105] introduced in companion paper [106] is complemented here with the corresponding one of [103]. Similarly to [106], the mechanism that we introduce extends the range of [103]'s applicabilit…

If a sitting president can direct the IRS to investigate political enemies, revoke nonprofit status from dissenting institutions, or selectively enforce tax law to reward loyalty,
the agency no longer serves the public.
It serves power.
The slow hollowing of the IRS through funding cuts, staff attrition, and the erosion of norms yields the same result:
a weakened institution unable to enforce the law, uphold equity, or hold the powerful to account.
And when th…

The Fiscal State Under Siege: Why People Hate the IRS, and Why You Should Care
How Trump, DOGE, and Project 2025 Are Turning the IRS Into a Tool of Authoritarian Rule Editor’s Introduction: Hello readers, it's Nathan Tankus and I am very happy to bring to you the first in a long multi-part series on the IRS spearheaded by Anisha Steephen. Anisha worked for

A Selection of Distributions and Their Fourier Transforms with Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Kaibo Tang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18638 https…

A Selection of Distributions and Their Fourier Transforms with Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
This note presents a rigorous introduction to a selection of distributions along with their Fourier transforms, which are commonly encountered in signal processing and, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast to many textbooks on the principles of MRI, which place more emphasis on the signal processing aspect, this note will take a more mathematical approach. In particular, we will make explicit the underlying topological space of interest and clarify the exact sense in whi…

A Practical Introduction to Regression-based Causal Inference in Meteorology (II): Unmeasured confounders
Caren Marzban, Yikun Zhang, Nicholas Bond, Michael Richman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18652

A Practical Introduction to Regression-based Causal Inference in Meteorology (II): Unmeasured confounders
One obstacle to ``elevating" correlation to causation is the phenomenon of confounding, i.e., when a correlation between two variables exists because both variables are in fact caused by a third variable. The situation where the confounders are measured is examined in an earlier, accompanying article. Here, it is shown that even when the confounding variables are not measured, it is still possible to estimate the causal effect via a regression-based method that uses the notion of Instrumental V…

It appears federal funding cuts to MS-ISAC , albeit to an outsider of the program, is going to exact some significant changes to the org, including the introduction of some new membership fees for some services.
https://www.cisecurity.org/ms-isac/defending-ameri…

Independent vector analysis -- an introduction for statisticians
Miro Arvila, Klaus Nordhausen, Mika Sipil\"a, Sara Taskinen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16175

Independent vector analysis -- an introduction for statisticians
Blind source separation (BSS), particularly independent component analysis (ICA), has been widely used in various fields of science such as biomedical signal processing to recover latent source signals from the observed mixture. While ICA is typically applied to individual datasets, many real-world applications share underlying sources across datasets. Independent vector analysis (IVA) extends ICA to jointly analyze multiple datasets by exploiting statistical dependencies across them. While var…

"The Red Cross Collection: A Trainee Project" @ Oxford Libraries: https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/oxfordtrainees/the-red-cross-collection-a-trainee-project/

An introduction to real oriented blowups in toric, toroidal and logarithmic geometries
Patrick Popescu-Pampu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11982 https://

An introduction to real oriented blowups in toric, toroidal and logarithmic geometries
This text is an introduction to the applications of rounding of complex log spaces (also known as Kato-Nakayama or Betti realization) to singularity theory. Log spaces in the sense of Fontaine and Illusie were first described in print by Kato, in a 1988 paper. Rounding of complex log spaces was introduced in a 1999 paper by Kato and Nakayama and is a functorial generalization of A'Campo's 1975 notion of a real oriented blowup. It allows to cut canonically any complex toroidal variety $X$ along …

Is “Bicycle Fishing” really a thing?
➡️ http://www.all-the-bikes.com/2023/04/Introduction to Bicycle Fishing.html
#bikeTooter

Introduction to Bicycle Fishing
Bicycle fishing is a unique and exciting way to explore the great outdoors while catching fish. Combining the joys of cycling and fishing, ...

{ivs} makes it easier to work with intervals: #rstats

Lectures on SL(3) foams and link homology
Mikhail Khovanov, Dmitry Solovyev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17119 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.17119

Lectures on SL(3) foams and link homology
These notes are based on the three lectures that one of the authors gave at Tsinghua University in the summer of 2023 as part of the workshop on Geometric Representation Theory and Applications. They contain an introduction to the evaluation of $\mathsf{SL}(3)$ foams and the associated topological theory of trivalent planar graphs and foam cobordisms between them. A categorification of the Kuperberg quantum $\mathfrak{sl}_3$ web and link invariant and the Robert-Wagner $\mathsf{SL}(N)$ foam eva…

Chimera baryons and mesons on the lattice: a spectral density analysis
Ed Bennett, Luigi Del Debbio, Niccol\`o Forzano, Ryan Hill, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, Jong-Wan Lee, C. -J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Alessandro Lupo, Maurizio Piai, Davide Vadacchino, Fabian Zierler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19804

Chimera baryons and mesons on the lattice: a spectral density analysis
We develop and test a spectral-density analysis method, based on the introduction of smeared energy kernels, to extract physical information from two-point correlation functions computed numerically in lattice field theory. We apply it to a $Sp(4)$ gauge theory and fermion matter fields transforming in distinct representations, with $N_{\rm f}=2$ Dirac fermions in the fundamental and $N_{\rm as}=3$ in the 2-index antisymmetric representation. The corresponding continuum theory provides the mini…

Characterizing the cage state of glassy systems and its sensitivity to frozen boundaries
Rinske M. Alkemade, Frank Smallenburg, Laura Filion
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16339

Characterizing the cage state of glassy systems and its sensitivity to frozen boundaries
Understanding the role that structure plays in the dynamical arrest observed in glassy systems remains an open challenge. Over the last decade, machine learning (ML) strategies have emerged as an important tool for probing this structure-dynamics relationship, particularly for predicting heterogeneous glassy dynamics from local structure. A recent advancement is the introduction of the \textit{cage state}, a structural quantity that captures the most likely positions of particles while rearrang…

Mind the Gap: Evaluating the Representativeness of Quantitative Medical Language Reasoning LLM Benchmarks for African Disease Burdens
Fred Mutisya (Qhala, Kenya Medical Association), Shikoh Gitau (Qhala), Christine Syovata (Kenya Medical Association), Diana Oigara (Kenya Medical Association), Ibrahim Matende (Kenya Medical Association), Muna Aden (Kenya Medical Association), Munira Ali (Kenya Medical Association), Ryan Nyotu (Kenya Medical Association), Diana Marion (Kenya Medical Asso…

Mind the Gap: Evaluating the Representativeness of Quantitative Medical Language Reasoning LLM Benchmarks for African Disease Burdens
Introduction: Existing medical LLM benchmarks largely reflect examination syllabi and disease profiles from high income settings, raising questions about their validity for African deployment where malaria, HIV, TB, sickle cell disease and other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) dominate burden and national guidelines drive care. Methodology: We systematically reviewed 31 quantitative LLM evaluation papers (Jan 2019 May 2025) identifying 19 English medical QA benchmarks. Alama Health QA was de…

New Issue of the International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture Vol. 35, no.1 (June 2025)
https://ift.tt/vnX9jMS
Call for Chapter Submissions: New Perspectives in Africana Studies Call for Chapter…
via Input 4 RELCFP

An introduction to Neural Networks for Physicists
G. Caf\'e de Miranda, Gubio G. de Lima, Tiago de S. Farias
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13042 https://

An introduction to Neural Networks for Physicists
Machine learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools to tackle various challenges. The integration of machine learning methods with Physics has led to innovative approaches in understanding, controlling, and simulating physical phenomena. This article aims to provide a practical introduction to neural network and their basic concepts. It presents some perspectives on recent advances at the intersection of machine learning models with physical systems. We introduce practical material to gu…

Introduction to Stability and Turbulent Transport in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas
J. F. Parisi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13144 https://

Introduction to Stability and Turbulent Transport in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas
This tutorial provides an accessible introduction to the principles of stability and turbulent transport in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. Key concepts, models, and practical implications are discussed to guide researchers new to the field. Some challenges and opportunities are discussed.

Convergence of C-Class Enriched Hardy-Rogers Contractions in some Banach Spaces
Arsalan Hojjat Ansari, Olaoluwa Jeremiah Omidire
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17806

Convergence of C-Class Enriched Hardy-Rogers Contractions in some Banach Spaces
The applicability of classical Banach contraction mapping principle in solving diverse problems caught the attention of several researchers in various fields of science and engineering. Since its introduction, many extensions and generalizations of this principle continue to emerge in different directions. Some are seen in form of common fixed point using commuting mappings, A-contractions, rational-type contractions, enriched contractions amongst others. In this paper, C-class function is used…

Stabilization of the bias point in MZM modulators
Zhuo Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14888 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.14888

Stabilization of the bias point in MZM modulators
This article mainly introduces the role of MZM in practical communication systems, the materials used to make MZM modulators such as lithium niobate, and its working principle. It also explains why it changes due to environmental factors. This leads to the introduction of a method that controls the stable points of MZM by algorithmically controlling the voltage, and the algorithm is verified through experiments. Finally, a summary and outlook on the future development of MZM are provided.

The right wing threat and a viable future
A statement from Steady State Manchester Introduction With horror we see the electoral success of POX, The party of Xenophobes and Fascists (which, without irony, actually calls itself Reform UK1). In the May election round they gained 677 more councillors, took control of 8 councils, landed a regional Mayor and gained another MP, in a formerly safe Labour seat.

The right wing threat and a viable future
A statement from Steady State Manchester Introduction With horror we see the electoral success of POX, The party of Xenophobes and Fascists (which, without irony, actually calls itself Reform UK1).…

AeroThrow: An Autonomous Aerial Throwing System for Precise Payload Delivery
Ziliang Li, Hongming Chen, Yiyang Lin, Biyu Ye, Ximin Lyu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13903

AeroThrow: An Autonomous Aerial Throwing System for Precise Payload Delivery
Autonomous aerial systems play an increasingly vital role in a wide range of applications, particularly for transport and delivery tasks in complex environments. In airdrop missions, these platforms face the dual challenges of abrupt control mode switching and inherent system delays along with control errors. To address these issues, this paper presents an autonomous airdrop system based on an aerial manipulator (AM). The introduction of additional actuated degrees of freedom enables active com…

Building Intuition for Dynamical Mean-Field Theory: A Simple Model and the Cavity Method
Emmy Blumenthal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16654 https://

Building Intuition for Dynamical Mean-Field Theory: A Simple Model and the Cavity Method
Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT) is a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing systems with many interacting degrees of freedom. This tutorial provides an accessible introduction to DMFT. We begin with a linear model where the DMFT equations can be derived exactly, allowing readers to develop clear intuition for the underlying principles. We then introduce the cavity method, a versatile approach for deriving DMFT equations for non-linear systems. The tutorial concludes with an application…

Benchmarking CO$_2$ Storage Simulations: Results from the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project
Jan M. Nordbotten, Martin A. Fern{\o}, Bernd Flemisch, Anthony R. Kovscek, Knut-Andreas Lie, Jakub W. Both, Olav M{\o}yner, Tor Harald Sandve, Etienne Ahusborde, Sebastian Bauer, Zhangxing Chen, Holger Class, Chaojie Di, Didier Ding, David Element, Abbas Firoozabadi, Eric Flauraud, Jacques Franc, Firdovsi Gasanzade, Yousef Ghomian, Marie Ann Giddins, Christopher Gr…

Benchmarking CO$_2$ Storage Simulations: Results from the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project
The 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project (shortened SPE11 herein) benchmarked simulation tools for geological carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) storage. A total of 45 groups from leading research institutions and industry across the globe signed up to participate, with 18 ultimately contributing valid results that were included in the comparative study reported here. This paper summarizes the SPE11. A comprehensive introduction and qualitative discussion of the submitted dat…

The Carrollian Kaleidoscope
Arjun Bagchi, Aritra Banerjee, Prateksh Dhivakar, Saikat Mondal, Ashish Shukla
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16164 https://…

The Carrollian Kaleidoscope
The Carroll group arises in the vanishing speed of light limit of the Poincaré group and was initially discarded as just a mathematical curiosity. However, recent developments have proved otherwise. Carroll and conformal Carroll symmetries are now ubiquitous, appearing in diverse physical phenomena starting from condensed matter physics to quantum gravity. This review aims to provide the reader a gateway into this fast-developing field. After an introduction and setting the stage with basics o…

01:38—Good night #Fediverse! 😴💤
I noticed some new followers after my #AutisticPrideDay post got some great engagement, thank you all so much! 🎗
If you’re new here, feel free to check out my introduction (

@… welcome to mastodon and thanks for the follow! consider making an intro post and tagging it with #introduction for visibility!

New Issue of the International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture Vol. 35, no.1 (June 2025) #acrel https://networks.h-net.org/group/annou

An Introduction to Algebraic Combinatorics
Darij Grinberg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00738 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.00738

An Introduction to Algebraic Combinatorics
This is an introduction to algebraic combinatorics, written for a quarter-long graduate course. It starts with a rigorous introduction to formal power series with some combinatorial applications, then discusses integer partitions (proving Jacobi's triple product identity), permutations (Lehmer codes, cycles) and subtractive methods (alternating sums, cancellations and inclusion-exclusion principles, with a particular focus on sign-reversing involutions and determinants). The last chapter introd…

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir\'e Superlattice Devices
Shuwen Sun, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15853

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
Moiré superlattices constitute a versatile platform to investigate emergent phenomena arising from the interplay of strong correlations and topology, while offering flexible in situ tunability. However, the fabrication of such moiré superlattices is challenging. It is difficult to achieve highly uniform devices with a precise twist angle because of the unintentional introduction of heterostrain, twist angle disorder, and angle/lattice relaxation during the nanofabrication process. This articl…

Investigating the Role of LLMs Hyperparameter Tuning and Prompt Engineering to Support Domain Modeling
Vladyslav Bulhakov, Giordano d'Aloisio, Claudio Di Sipio, Antinisca Di Marco, Davide Di Ruscio
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14735

Investigating the Role of LLMs Hyperparameter Tuning and Prompt Engineering to Support Domain Modeling
The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced automation in software engineering tasks, including in Model Driven Engineering (MDE). However, using general-purpose LLMs for domain modeling has its limitations. One approach is to adopt fine-tuned models, but this requires significant computational resources and can lead to issues like catastrophic forgetting. This paper explores how hyperparameter tuning and prompt engineering can improve the accuracy of the Llama 3.1 model for…

I like this introduction a lot: https://jointhefediverse.net/

Join the fediverse!
Learn about the fediverse and find your community.

Gravitational wave cosmology : an introduction
Gr\'egoire Pierra, Simone Mastrogiovanni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10597 https://…

Gravitational wave cosmology : an introduction
This chapter introduces gravitational wave cosmology, focusing on the use of gravitational waves as standard sirens to probe the expansion history of the Universe. It presents and explains the methodologies behind bright and dark siren analyses, including their respective data requirements and underlying assumptions. Particular attention is given to the theoretical foundations of these approaches, the statistical frameworks used to interpret gravitational-wave events, and the treatment of selec…

New Gist: Age Verification is an Epic fail
On Bluesky's introduction of age verification, selling us to the Fortnite guys, and how the arrogance of Ireland's regulator has seen it deliver the very outcomes it once called "bonkers".
https://www.thegist.ie/the-gist-age-verifi…

The Gist: Age Verification is an Epic fail
From the 21st July 2025, Ireland’s regulator will be enforcing age checks at the door for social media sites in the EU. This is the Gist.

Our English-language MA program in #ReligiousStudies attracts students from all over the world. Sometimes it can be a challenge to handle the diversity of undergrad training and disciplinary knowledge that our students bring with them. But this semester’s “ethics and politics of religious heritage” class was a delight. After a brief introduction, I let my students bring their topics, texts,…

No physics required! A visual-based introduction to GKP qubits for computer scientists
Richard A. Wolf, Pavithran Iyer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06943 htt…

No physics required! A visual-based introduction to GKP qubits for computer scientists
With the significance of continuous-variable quantum computing increasing thanks to the achievements of light-based quantum hardware, making it available to learner audiences outside physics has been an important yet seldom-tackled challenge. Similarly, the rising focus on fault-tolerant quantum computing has shed light on quantum error correction schemes, turning it into the locus of attention for industry and academia alike. In this paper, we explore the widely adopted framework of quantum er…

Introduction to Predictive Coding Networks for Machine Learning
Mikko Stenlund
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06332 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Introduction to Predictive Coding Networks for Machine Learning
Predictive coding networks (PCNs) constitute a biologically inspired framework for understanding hierarchical computation in the brain, and offer an alternative to traditional feedforward neural networks in ML. This note serves as a quick, onboarding introduction to PCNs for machine learning practitioners. We cover the foundational network architecture, inference and learning update rules, and algorithmic implementation. A concrete image-classification task (CIFAR-10) is provided as a benchmark…

Replaced article(s) found for math.NT. https://arxiv.org/list/math.NT/new
[1/1]:
- An introduction to the categorical p-adic Langlands program
Matthew Emerton, Toby Gee, Eugen Hellmann

Tractable Graph Structures in EFX Orientation
V\'aclav Bla\v{z}ej, Sushmita Gupta, M. S. Ramanujan, Peter Strulo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15379 https…

Tractable Graph Structures in EFX Orientation
Since its introduction, envy-freeness up to any good (EFX) has become a fundamental solution concept in fair division of indivisible goods. Its existence remains elusive -- even for four agents with additive utility functions, it is unknown whether an EFX allocation always exists. Unsurprisingly, restricted settings to delineate tractable and intractable cases have been explored. Christadolou, Fiat et al.[EC'23] introduced the notion of EFX-orientation, where the agents form the vertices of a g…

Our series,
Prospects for Degrowth
Do add your thoughts, either picking up the overview in the first article, or raising further issues.
More to come next week.
https://degrowthuk.org/prospects-for-degrowth/

Prospects for Degrowth
Articles in this series. Introduction and call for articles. Prospects for Degrowth 2025.Mark H Burton Nothing Surprises Me.Vincent Liegey A (friendly) critique of the Degrowth movementTed Tra…

Improving Data and Parameter Efficiency of Neural Language Models Using Representation Analysis
Josip Juki\'c
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12004 https://…

Improving Data and Parameter Efficiency of Neural Language Models Using Representation Analysis
This thesis addresses challenges related to data and parameter efficiency in neural language models, with a focus on representation analysis and the introduction of new optimization techniques. The first part examines the properties and dynamics of language representations within neural models, emphasizing their significance in enhancing robustness and generalization. It proposes innovative approaches based on representation smoothness, including regularization strategies that utilize Jacobian …

Hi friends of research software 👋
The @… is running a free workshop on test-driven development on Monday.
https://events.digital-research.academ

Introduction to Test-Driven Development
Continuously changing requirements lead to rapidly evolving software. While adapting the source code to fit the requirements, we have to ensure that code changes work as intended and don’t break existing features. At the same time the source code needs to stay maintainable and extensible to allow changes for new features in the future. This is where the development approach of Test-Driven Development comes in. It emphasizes writing automated tests before writing the code. The developer...

Last leg on our brief history of NLP (so far) is the advent of large language models with GPT-3 in 2020 and the introduction of learning from the prompt (aka few-shot learning).
T. B. Brown et al. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. NIPS'20
https://…

At the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, we do cutting edge scientific research on our Sun, the planets and their moons, asteroids and comets. Posts will be in English und manchmal auch auf Deutsch.
#mpsgoettingen #introduction

I want the Micro Processor to order my Pulsar(Level 2 special operations unit) to mine coal and deposit it into the core...
I'll let you know about my progress...
So "mlog" is the "Mindustry Logic" 'language'.
mindustrygame.github.io/wiki/logic/0-introduction/
but I first started here:

Guide: Logic Basics
Logic is a mechanic introduced in Version 6.0 of Mindustry, which allows you to override the default behaviour of blocks and units through a customised block code programming language called MLog that can be edited in text editors when pasted into one. Logic is run through Processors in conjunction with accessory blocks such as the Memory Cell, Switch and Logic Display. It is recommended to have some form of prior programming experience in order to be familiar with data types. The way...

Introduction to the China Space Station Telescope (CSST): #CSST is equipped with five scientific instruments [and] is expected to make significant contributions and discoveries across various astronomical fields, including cosmology, galaxy and active galactic nuclei (AGN), the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, stars, exoplanets, Solar System objects, astrometry, and transients and variable sources. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the CSST instruments, observational capabilities, data products, and scientific potential."

An Introduction to Solving the Least-Squares Problem in Variational Data Assimilation
I. Dau\v{z}ickait\.e, M. A. Freitag, S. G\"urol, A. S. Lawless, A. Ramage, J. A. Scott, J. M. Tabeart
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09211

An Introduction to Solving the Least-Squares Problem in Variational Data Assimilation
Variational data assimilation is a technique for combining measured data with dynamical models. It is a key component of Earth system state estimation and is commonly used in weather and ocean forecasting. The approach involves a large-scale generalized nonlinear least-squares problem. Solving the resulting sequence of sparse linear subproblems requires the use of sophisticated numerical linear algebra methods. In practical applications, the computational demands severely limit the number of it…

Introduction to Nonlinear Spectral Analysis
Leon Bungert, Yury Korolev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08754 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.08…

Introduction to Nonlinear Spectral Analysis
These notes are meant as an introduction to the theory of nonlinear spectral theory. We will discuss the variational form of nonlninear eigenvalue problems and the corresponding non-linear Euler--Lagrange equations, as well as connections with gradient flows. For the latter ones, we will give precise conditions for finite time extinction and discuss convergence rates. We will use this theory to study asymptotic behaviour of nonlinear PDEs and present applications in $L^\infty$ variational probl…

Charm physics
David Friday, Evelina Gersabeck, Alexander Lenz, Maria Laura Piscopo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15584 https://arxiv.org…

Charm physics
50 years after the discovery of the first charmed particle, charm physics continues to be an extremely lively field of research and a cornerstone in particle physics. The study of charm, with its unique properties, is characterised by many challenging but also exciting peculiarities, making it an ideal testing ground for Standard Model (SM) predictions and a very sensitive probe of new physics. This chapter is intended to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics of the charm quark and …

Not Even Nice Work If You Can Get It; A Longitudinal Study of Uber's Algorithmic Pay and Pricing
Reuben Binns, Jake Stein, Siddhartha Datta, Max Van Kleek, Nigel Shadbolt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15278

Not Even Nice Work If You Can Get It; A Longitudinal Study of Uber's Algorithmic Pay and Pricing
Ride-sharing platforms like Uber market themselves as enabling `flexibility' for their workforce, meaning that drivers are expected to anticipate when and where the algorithm will allocate them jobs, and how well remunerated those jobs will be. In this work we describe our process of participatory action research with drivers and trade union organisers, culminating in a participatory audit of Uber's algorithmic pay and work allocation, before and after the introduction of dynamic pricing. Throu…

Replaced article(s) found for stat.AP. https://arxiv.org/list/stat.AP/new
[1/1]:
- A Practical Introduction to Regression-based Causal Inference in Meteorology (I): All confounders...
Caren Marzban, Yikun Zhang, Nicholas Bond, Michael Richman

Async Rust: When to Use It and When to Avoid It
“Asynchronous” (often abbreviated as “async”) is a widely used term in computer science, but its meaning varies depending on the context. […]
🦀 https://fmoya.dev/posts/async-rust/

Fantasy football beginner's guide to salary cap drafts https://www.espn.com/fantasy/football/story/_/id/45710068/2025-fantasy-football-how-draft-salary-cap-league-auction

The Nickel City Comic Con site didn’t give ticket prices at the door. It also didn’t mention it was cash-only. Total fluke I had cash on me.
Overall, meh. But I did buy this nifty print:
https://www.sixthstationstudio.com/work/introduction
Missed Danny …

"Introduction" — Sixth Station Studio

Just now: we're celebrating 5 years of CLARIN-CH 🇨🇭and the fact that Switzerland is a full member of #CLARIN since beginning of 2025
🎉

Energy-based models for inverse imaging problems
Andreas Habring, Martin Holler, Thomas Pock, Martin Zach
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12432 https://

Energy-based models for inverse imaging problems
In this chapter we provide a thorough overview of the use of energy-based models (EBMs) in the context of inverse imaging problems. EBMs are probability distributions modeled via Gibbs densities $p(x) \propto \exp{-E(x)}$ with an appropriate energy functional $E$. Within this chapter we present a rigorous theoretical introduction to Bayesian inverse problems that includes results on well-posedness and stability in the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional setting. Afterwards we discuss th…

Cognitive Modelling Aspects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Standard and Oscillating Neighbourhood SOM Neural Networks
Spyridon Revithis, Nadine Marcus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12567

Cognitive Modelling Aspects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Standard and Oscillating Neighbourhood SOM Neural Networks
Background/Introduction: In this paper, the neural network class of Self-Organising Maps (SOMs) is investigated in terms of its theoretical and applied validity for cognitive modelling, particularly of neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: A modified SOM network type, with increased biological plausibility, incorporating a type of cortical columnar oscillation in the form of an oscillating Topological Neighbourhood (TN), is introduced and applied alongside the standard SOM. Aspects of two ne…

Our statement on the rise of #POX (party of xenophobes and fascists), the threat they pose, reasons for their success, strategies, good and bad, for countering them.
Steady State Manchester | For local prosperity, justice & ecological safety

The right wing threat and a viable future
A statement from Steady State Manchester Introduction With horror we see the electoral success of POX, The party of Xenophobes and Fascists (which, without irony, actually calls itself Reform UK1).…

One-point functions in AdS/dCFT: MPS and twisted Yangian
Xin Qian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15462 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.15462…

One-point functions in AdS/dCFT: MPS and twisted Yangian
I focus on the scalar one-point functions in SO(6) sector of D5-D3 probe-brane set-up. Start with a general introduction of integrability, I explore both coordinate Bethe ansatz and algebraic Bethe ansatz, with possible generalization. I then shortly review how to use the Bethe ansatz in $N = 4$ super Yang-Mills theory, and then apply such procedure to the D5-D3 system. The dual field theory of such system corresponds to a defected version of $N = 4$ super Yang-Mills theory, where the one-point…

When the family calls me a tankie, I just drop Rudolf Rocker’s black-and-red flag and remind them: Rocker spent his life critiquing both state capitalism and authoritarian socialism, he literally wrote book's on why real liberation means smashing all forms of state power, not trading one boss for another.
Anarcho-syndicalism: Theory and Practice

A new look at Perturbation Theory in QFT and Resolvent Series
Raphael Ducatez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11572 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

A new look at Perturbation Theory in QFT and Resolvent Series
We give a short introduction for elementary mathematical tools used in the context of Quantum Field Theory. These notes were motivated by a reading group in Lyon on Talagrand's book «What is Quantum Field Theory, A First Introduction for Mathematicians».

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on BBCRadio3's #EssentialClassics
Maurice Ravel & Melos Ensemble:
🎵 Introduction and Allegro
#MauriceRavel #MelosEnsemble

Tidy Modeling with R: #rstats #machinelearning

Tidy Modeling with R
The tidymodels framework is a collection of R packages for modeling and machine learning using tidyverse principles. This book provides a thorough introduction to how to use tidymodels, and an outline of good methodology and statistical practice for phases of the modeling process.

Path Signatures for Feature Extraction. An Introduction to the Mathematics Underpinning an Efficient Machine Learning Technique
Stephan Sturm
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01815

Path Signatures for Feature Extraction. An Introduction to the Mathematics Underpinning an Efficient Machine Learning Technique
We provide an introduction to the topic of path signatures as means of feature extraction for machine learning from data streams. The article stresses the mathematical theory underlying the signature methodology, highlighting the conceptual character without plunging into the technical details of rigorous proofs. These notes are based on an introductory presentation given to students of the Research Experience for Undergraduates in Industrial Mathematics and Statistics at Worcester Polytechnic …

Call for Papers: Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond
https://ift.tt/AuiRhBf
Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond Editor: Matthew Brake Jack Kirby needs no…
via Input 4 RELCFP

Call for Papers: Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond
Religion in Jack Kirby’s Fourth World and Beyond Editor: Matthew Brake Jack Kirby needs no introduction. He was one of the most prolific and creative figures in the history of modern mainstream sup…

An Adversarial Quantum Key Distribution Project
Brian R. La Cour, Noah A. Davis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13389 https://arxiv.org/pd…

An Adversarial Quantum Key Distribution Project
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a popular introduction to quantum technologies used in education and public outreach, as very little background in quantum theory is needed and the practical applications are easily understood. There is considerably less exposure to the many real-world considerations of practical QKD, as access to the necessary hardware is quite limited. Here we describe a simple, simulation-based QKD project that can be implemented with only a minimal background in quantum con…

Don't be Afraid of Cell Complexes! An Introduction from an Applied Perspective
Josef Hoppe, Vincent P. Grande, Michael T. Schaub
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09726

Don't be Afraid of Cell Complexes! An Introduction from an Applied Perspective
Cell complexes (CCs) are a higher-order network model deeply rooted in algebraic topology that has gained interest in signal processing and network science recently. However, while the processing of signals supported on CCs can be described in terms of easily-accessible algebraic or combinatorial notions, the commonly presented definition of CCs is grounded in abstract concepts from topology and remains disconnected from the signal processing methods developed for CCs. In this paper, we aim to …

Next stop in our NLP timeline is 2013, the introduction of low dimensional dense word vectors - so-called "word embeddings" - based on distributed semantics, as e.g. word2vec by Mikolov et al. from Google, which enabled representation learning on text.
T. Mikolov et al. (2013). Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.
…

Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
We propose two novel model architectures for computing continuous vector representations of words from very large data sets. The quality of these representations is measured in a word similarity task, and the results are compared to the previously best performing techniques based on different types of neural networks. We observe large improvements in accuracy at much lower computational cost, i.e. it takes less than a day to learn high quality word vectors from a 1.6 billion words data set. Fur…

Uncertainty and entropies of classical channels
Takla Nateeboon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12310 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.12310

Uncertainty and entropies of classical channels
In this thesis, I studied a mathematical development to define and quantify the uncertainty inherent in classical channels. This thesis starts with the introduction and background on how to formally think about uncertainty in the domain of classical states. The concept of probability vector majorization and its variants, relative majorization and conditional majorization, are reviewed. This thesis introduces three conceptually distinct approaches to formalize the notion of uncertainty inherent …

Cohomology rings of character varieties
Anton Mellit
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12454 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.12454

Cohomology rings of character varieties
In this talk I give an introduction and present some recent progress towards understanding the cohomology rings of character varieties of Riemann surfaces, such as the proof of the $P=W$ conjecture and the computation of the zero-dimensional COHA. In the case of punctured sphere I present an explicit description relating the cohomology rings to the Hilbert scheme of $\mathbb{C}^2$, refining conjectures of Hausel-Letellier-Rodriguez-Villegas and Chuang-Diaconescu-Donagi-Pantev. I explain how the…

Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations
C\'edric Lorc\'e (Ecole Polytechnique, CPHT), A. Metz (Temple U.), B. Pasquini (Pavia U.,INFN, Pavia), P. Schweitzer (Connecticut U.)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12664

Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations
This article is an introduction to parton distribution functions and their generalizations which describe the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, and can be measured in various high-energy scattering processes. We provide the theoretical background, highlight both historical and recent developments, explain the connections between the different functions, and expose in which processes these functions can be accessed and what we can learn from them about hadron structure.

Introduction to Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model: A Strongly Correlated System Perspective
Rishabh Jha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07195 https://

Introduction to Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model: A Strongly Correlated System Perspective
The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model delivers an analytically tractable framework for exotic strongly correlated phases where conventional paradigms like Landau's Fermi liquid theory collapse. This review offers a pedagogical introduction to the SYK physics, highlighting its unique capacity to model \textit{strange metals} -- systems exhibiting linear-in-temperature resistivity, Planckian dissipation, and quasiparticle breakdown. We systematically construct both Majorana and complex fermion varian…

Measure and integration
Teo Banica
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15534 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.15534…

Measure and integration
This is an introduction to measure theory, integration and function spaces, with all the needed preliminaries included, and with some applications included as well. We first discuss some basic motivations, coming from discrete probability, that we develop in detail, as a preliminary to general measure theory. Then we discuss measure theory, integration and function spaces, all developed in a standard way, and with emphasis on the explicit computation of various integrals. Finally, we come back …

Defining the Game Producer: A Mapping of Key Characteristics and Differentiators of the Professional Behind Digital Game Production
Rafael C. Lopes, Danilo M. Ribeiro
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14409

Defining the Game Producer: A Mapping of Key Characteristics and Differentiators of the Professional Behind Digital Game Production
Introduction: As digital games grow in complexity, the role of the Game Producer becomes increasingly relevant for aligning creative, technical, and business dimensions. Objective: This study aimed to identify and map the main characteristics, skills, and competencies that define the Digital Game Producer profile. Methodology: A qualitative investigation was conducted with 11 semi-structured interviews, analyzed through Grounded Theory to build categories grounded in professional practice. Resu…

📌 Pinned Introduction
Hey, I’m Erik. I’m an anarchist with an embarrassingly massive crush on Rudolf Rocker’s syndicalist take. I’m also bisexual, autistic, and genderfluid because why not add some extra flavor?
I’m here to share my weird little world, build some solidarity, and maybe spark a little revolution along the way. No pressure, no drama, just good vibes and a lot of laughs. You do you and I’ll do me. Cool? Cool.

Accommodating the Analysis Model in Multiple Imputation for the Weibull Mixture Cure Model:Performance under Penalized Likelihood
Changchang Xu, Laurent Briollais, Irene L Andrulis, Shelley B Bull
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16690

Accommodating the Analysis Model in Multiple Imputation for the Weibull Mixture Cure Model:Performance under Penalized Likelihood
Introduction In analysis of time-to-event outcomes, a mixture cure (MC) model is preferred over a standard survival model when the sample includes individuals who will never experience the event of interest. Motivated by a cohort study of breast cancer patients with incomplete biomarkers, we develop multiple imputation (MI) methods assuming a Weibull proportional hazards (PH-MC) analysis model with multiple prognostic factors. However, for MI with fully conditional specification, an incorrectly…

Our new statement on the rise of #POX (party of xenophobes and fascists), the threat they pose, reasons for their success, strategies, good and bad, for countering them.
Steady State Manchester | For local prosperity, justice & ecological safety

The right wing threat and a viable future
A statement from Steady State Manchester Introduction With horror we see the electoral success of POX, The party of Xenophobes and Fascists (which, without irony, actually calls itself Reform UK1).…

An illustration of formal moduli problems with differential graded Lie algebras
Ethan Eugene Wynner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12977 https://

An illustration of formal moduli problems with differential graded Lie algebras
This article provides an exposition to the topic of formal moduli problems, emphasizing its connections with differential graded Lie algebras, and mainly following from Jacob Lurie's DAG X: Formal Moduli Problems. As such, this paper should not be viewed as a presentation of original work, but rather a concise introduction to the subject in the form of a set of organized notes. I hoped to make this paper feel welcoming and insightful for the non-expert enjoyer of derived algebraic geometry, lik…

Experiments to test the hypothesis for solar and dark matter axions
Babette D\"obrich, Igor G. Irastorza
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06414 https://

Experiments to test the hypothesis for solar and dark matter axions
We present a pedagogical introduction to the direct search of axions as dark matter, as well as to searches for solar axions. The plethora of experimental searches exploit the axion's coupling to two photons: They attempt to convert the axion dark matter to photons in a resonator placed in an external magnetic field or convert solar axions into X-rays in a magnet pointing towards the sun. We give a basic introduction to this concept, its many variants and to searches that exploit the axion's ot…