Tootfinder

"Zur Pathologie des Wissens – Wie Künstliche Intelligenz die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion von Wissen zum Patienten macht"
https://bildung.hypotheses.org/7486

A rigorous Keldysh functional integral for fermions
Philipp Benjamin Aretz, Manfred Salmhofer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01787 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.0…

A rigorous Keldysh functional integral for fermions
We provide a mathematically rigorous Keldysh functional integral for fermionic quantum field theories. We show convergence of a discrete-time Grassmann Gaussian integral representation in the time-continuum limit under very general hypotheses. We also prove analyticity of the effective action and explicit bounds for the truncated (connected) expectation values of the non-equilibrium system. These bounds imply clustering with a summable decay in the thermodynamic limit, provided these properties…

Hypothesis Selection: A High Probability Conundrum
Anders Aamand, Maryam Aliakbarpour, Justin Y. Chen, Sandeep Silwal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03734 https://

Hypothesis Selection: A High Probability Conundrum
In the hypothesis selection problem, we are given a finite set of candidate distributions (hypotheses), $\mathcal{H} = \{H_1, \ldots, H_n\}$, and samples from an unknown distribution $P$. Our goal is to find a hypothesis $H_i$ whose total variation distance to $P$ is comparable to that of the nearest hypothesis in $\mathcal{H}$. If the minimum distance is $\mathsf{OPT}$, we aim to output an $H_i$ such that, with probability at least $1-δ$, its total variation distance to $P$ is at most $C \cdo…

"Große Dateien kostenlos versenden" #filesharing

Conformalized Multiple Testing under Unknown Null Distribution with Symmetric Errors
Yang Tian, Zinan Zhao, Wenguang Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04231 https://

Conformalized Multiple Testing under Unknown Null Distribution with Symmetric Errors
This article addresses a fundamental concern, first raised by Efron (2004), regarding the selection of null distributions in large-scale multiple testing. In modern data-intensive applications involving thousands or even millions of hypotheses, the theoretical null distribution of the test statistics often deviates from the true underlying null distribution, severely compromising the false discovery rate (FDR) analysis. We propose a conformalized empirical Bayes method using self-calibrated emp…

Energy critical fourth-order Schr\"odinger equation system with power-type nonlinearities in the radial case
Maicon Hespanha, Renzo Scarpelli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04428

Energy critical fourth-order Schrödinger equation system with power-type nonlinearities in the radial case
In this paper, we study a system of focusing fourth-order Schrödinger equations in the energy-critical setting with radial initial data and general power-type nonlinearities. The main idea is to generalize the analysis of such systems: we first establish several hypotheses on the nonlinearities and prove their implications. These implications are then used to establish a local well-posedness result in $H^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and and to prove the existence of ground state solutions. Using a virial …

The distribution of calibrated likelihood functions on the probability-likelihood Aitchison simplex
Paul-Gauthier No\'e, Andreas Nautsch, Driss Matrouf, Pierre-Michel Bousquet, Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Bonastre
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03365

The distribution of calibrated likelihood functions on the probability-likelihood Aitchison simplex
While calibration of probabilistic predictions has been widely studied, this paper rather addresses calibration of likelihood functions. This has been discussed, especially in biometrics, in cases with only two exhaustive and mutually exclusive hypotheses (classes) where likelihood functions can be written as log-likelihood-ratios (LLRs). After defining calibration for LLRs and its connection with the concept of weight-of-evidence, we present the idempotence property and its associated constrai…

"Eine Vorstellung kostenloser Alternativen zu EverNote" https://archivalia.hypotheses.org/234443

Quantum Sequential Universal Hypothesis Testing
Matteo Zecchin, Osvaldo Simeone, Aaditya Ramdas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21594 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508…

Quantum Sequential Universal Hypothesis Testing
Quantum hypothesis testing (QHT) concerns the statistical inference of unknown quantum states. In the general setting of composite hypotheses, the goal of QHT is to determine whether an unknown quantum state belongs to one or another of two classes of states based on the measurement of a number of copies of the state. Prior art on QHT with composite hypotheses focused on a fixed-copy two-step protocol, with state estimation followed by an optimized joint measurement. However, this fixed-copy ap…

A New Approach to Partial Conjunction Analysis in Neuroimaging
Monitirtha Dey, Anna Vesely, Thorsten Dickhaus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03675 https://arxi…

A New Approach to Partial Conjunction Analysis in Neuroimaging
The problem of identifying the brain regions activated through a particular cognitive task is pivotal in neuroimaging. This problem becomes even more complex if we have several cognitive tasks or several subjects. In this paper, we view this problem as a partial conjunction (PC) hypotheses testing problem, i.e., we are testing whether a specific brain region is activated in at least $γ$ (for some pre-fixed $γ$) subjects. We propose the application of a recent advance in the simultaneous stati…

Epsilon-saturation for stable graphs and Littlestone classes
Maryanthe Malliaris, Olga Medrano Mart\'in del Campo, Shay Moran
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21807 https://

Epsilon-saturation for stable graphs and Littlestone classes
Any Littlestone class, or stable graph, has finite sets which function as ``virtual elements'': these can be seen from the learning side as representing hypotheses which are expressible as weighted majority opinions of hypotheses in the class, and from the model-theoretic side as an approximate finitary version of realizing types. We introduce and study the epsilon-saturation of a Littlestone class, or stable graph, which is essentially the closure of the class under inductively adding all such…

A Survey on Open Dataset Search in the LLM Era: Retrospectives and Perspectives
Pengyue Li, Sheng Wang, Hua Dai, Zhiyu Chen, Zhifeng Bao, Brian D. Davison
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00728

A Survey on Open Dataset Search in the LLM Era: Retrospectives and Perspectives
High-quality datasets are typically required for accomplishing data-driven tasks, such as training medical diagnosis models, predicting real-time traffic conditions, or conducting experiments to validate research hypotheses. Consequently, open dataset search, which aims to ensure the efficient and accurate fulfillment of users' dataset requirements, has emerged as a critical research challenge and has attracted widespread interest. Recent studies have made notable progress in enhancing the flex…

Mechanisms of Matter: Language Inferential Benchmark on Physicochemical Hypothesis in Materials Synthesis
Yingming Pu, Tao Lin, Hongyu Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25281 http…

Mechanisms of Matter: Language Inferential Benchmark on Physicochemical Hypothesis in Materials Synthesis
The capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate valid scientific hypotheses for materials synthesis remains largely unquantified, hindered by the absence of benchmarks probing physicochemical logics reasoning. To address this, we introduce MatterMech, a benchmark for evaluating LLM-generated hypotheses across eight nanomaterial synthesis domains. Our analysis reveals a critical disconnect: LLMs are proficient in abstract logic yet fail to ground their reasoning in fundamental physicoch…

"Walking into Spiderwebs XIII: Kulturgutraub und politische Einstellung"
#Provenienzforschung

Embedability of right-angled Artin groups into hierarchically hyperbolic groups
Sangrok Oh, Jihoon Park
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02454 https://arxiv.org/…

Embedability of right-angled Artin groups into hierarchically hyperbolic groups
For a hierarchically hyperbolic group, we provide sufficient conditions under which suitable powers of a finite collection of elements generate a right-angled Artin subgroup. Under additional hypotheses, we further show that this subgroup can be promoted to be quasi-isometrically embedded. Our framework recovers and unifies earlier results, including those of Clay-Leininger-Mangahas \cite{CLM12} and Runnels \cite{Run21} for mapping class groups, and of Kim-Koberda \cite{KK13} for right-angled A…

#Demokratiebildung wird besonders wirksam, wo strukturelle Voraussetzungen mit der Dynamik kleinerer Communities & persönlicher Haltungen in produktive Beziehung treten – das behaupten D. Vetter & D. Dietz im HSE-Blog und beleuchten, wo & wie so eine Beziehung entstehen kann.

Demokratiebildung zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Ein Plädoyer für die Meso-Ebene
Überlegungen zur Demokratiebildung von Daniel Vetter und Dennis Dietz (Heidelberg School of Education) | Demokratiebildung hat als Thema und Auftrag der Lehrkräftebildung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Als bildungspolitische Leitidee wurde...

Quantitative positivity of transition densities for random perturbations of Hamiltonian systems
Shimaa Elesaely, David P. Herzog, Kyle L. Liss
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02448 h…

Quantitative positivity of transition densities for random perturbations of Hamiltonian systems
We study a class of diffusion processes arising from random perturbations of conservative Hamiltonian systems. Under a set of abstract hypotheses -- including basic structural assumptions on the Hamiltonian, a weak Lyapunov structure, and a quantitative notion of hypoellipticity -- we prove that transition densities satisfy a sharp, uniform pointwise lower bound over Hamiltonian sublevel sets in the small noise limit $ε\to 0$. By applying our general theorem, we obtain quantitative minorizatio…

Study of the response of a large volume TPC prototype for the CYGNO experiment at LNGS
Rita Antonietti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01646 https://arxiv.org/p…

Study of the response of a large volume TPC prototype for the CYGNO experiment at LNGS
Astrophysical and cosmological evidence strongly supports the existence of Dark Matter (DM), yet no candidate particle is predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Among the most studied and hypotheses are Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMPs), which could account for the observed relic DM density through weak interactions in the early Universe. Direct detection experiments aim to observe low-energy nuclear recoils induced by DM interactions, requiring detectors with very …

The exterior derivative and the mean value equality in $\mathbb{R}^n$
Daniel Fadel, Henrique N. S\'a Earp, Tom\'as S. R. Silva
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00999 https://

The exterior derivative and the mean value equality in $\mathbb{R}^n$
This survey revisits classical results in vector calculus and analysis by exploring a generalised perspective on the exterior derivative, interpreting it as a measure of "infinitesimal flux". This viewpoint leads to a higher-dimensional analogue of the Mean Value Theorem, valid for differential $k$-forms, and provides a natural formulation of Stokes' theorem that mirrors the exact hypotheses of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus - without requiring full $C^1$ smoothness of the differential for…

Analysis of Semantic Communication for Logic-based Hypothesis Deduction
Ahmet Faruk Saz, Siheng Xiong, Faramarz Fekri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21755 https://

Analysis of Semantic Communication for Logic-based Hypothesis Deduction
This work presents an analysis of semantic communication in the context of First-Order Logic (FOL)-based deduction. Specifically, the receiver holds a set of hypotheses about the State of the World (SotW), while the transmitter has incomplete evidence about the true SotW but lacks access to the ground truth. The transmitter aims to communicate limited information to help the receiver identify the hypothesis most consistent with true SotW. We formulate the objective as approximating the posterio…

Why not? Developing ABox Abduction beyond Repairs
Anselm Haak, Patrick Koopmann, Yasir Mahmood, Anni-Yasmin Turhan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21955 https://

Why not? Developing ABox Abduction beyond Repairs
Abduction is the task of computing a sufficient extension of a knowledge base (KB) that entails a conclusion not entailed by the original KB. It serves to compute explanations, or hypotheses, for such missing entailments. While this task has been intensively investigated for perfect data and under classical semantics, less is known about abduction when erroneous data results in inconsistent KBs. In this paper we define a suitable notion of abduction under repair semantics, and propose a set of …

Quantifying movement: Expanding the Ichnologist toolkit
Brittany A. Laing, Zoe Vestrum, Luke C. Strotz, M. Gabriela M\'angano, Luis A. Buatois, Glenn A. Brock, Lyndon Koens
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01102

Quantifying movement: Expanding the Ichnologist toolkit
The trace-fossil record serves as a rich dataset to examine fossil behaviour, ecologic interactions at community level, and evolutionary trends in behaviour across geological time. Behavioural adaptations are often invoked in a variety of evolutionary hypotheses; however, few methods to quantitatively compare fossil behaviour exist. Movement paths, such as trails and trackways, are well-studied in extant-organism research where they are discretized and mathematically analyzed for behavioural st…

Parallel Nested Slice Sampling for Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimation
David Yallup, Metha Prathaban, James Alvey, Will Handley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24949 https://

Parallel Nested Slice Sampling for Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimation
Inferring parameters and testing hypotheses from gravitational wave signals is a computationally intensive task central to modern astrophysics. Nested sampling, a Bayesian inference technique, has become an established standard for this in the field. However, most common implementations lack the ability to fully utilize modern hardware acceleration. In this work, we demonstrate that when nested sampling is reformulated in a natively vectorized form and run on modern GPU hardware, we can perform…

Handling Multiple Hypotheses in Coarse-to-Fine Dense Image Matching
Matthieu Vilain, R\'emi Giraud, Yannick Berthoumieu, Guillaume Bourmaud
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08805 …

Handling Multiple Hypotheses in Coarse-to-Fine Dense Image Matching
Dense image matching aims to find a correspondent for every pixel of a source image in a partially overlapping target image. State-of-the-art methods typically rely on a coarse-to-fine mechanism where a single correspondent hypothesis is produced per source location at each scale. In challenging cases -- such as at depth discontinuities or when the target image is a strong zoom-in of the source image -- the correspondents of neighboring source locations are often widely spread and predicting a …

Discovering alternative solutions beyond the simplicity bias in recurrent neural networks
William Qian, Cengiz Pehlevan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21504 https://

Discovering alternative solutions beyond the simplicity bias in recurrent neural networks
Training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to perform neuroscience-style tasks has become a popular way to generate hypotheses for how neural circuits in the brain might perform computations. Recent work has demonstrated that task-trained RNNs possess a strong simplicity bias. In particular, this inductive bias often causes RNNs trained on the same task to collapse on effectively the same solution, typically comprised of fixed-point attractors or other low-dimensional dynamical motifs. While suc…

Perceptual reality monitoring as higher-order inference on sensory precision https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/36xdz_v1 "Through simulations, we generate novel, testable hypotheses"

Error exponents of quantum state discrimination with composite correlated hypotheses
Kun Fang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12901 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.1…

Error exponents of quantum state discrimination with composite correlated hypotheses
We study the error exponents in quantum hypothesis testing between two sets of quantum states, extending the analysis beyond the independent and identically distributed case to encompass composite and correlated hypotheses. We introduce and compare two natural extensions of the quantum Hoeffding divergence and anti-divergence to sets of quantum states, establishing their equivalence or quantitative relationships. Our main results generalize the quantum Hoeffding bound to stable sequences of con…

Simultaneous testing of hypotheses and alternatives
P. A. Koldanov, A. P. Koldanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10197 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.10197…

Simultaneous testing of hypotheses and alternatives
To identify statistically significant conclusions, it is proposed to simultaneously test hypotheses and alternatives. It is shown that, under the condition of free combination of hypotheses and alternatives, the closure method leads to single-step procedures for the simultaneous testing of hypotheses and alternatives. Using an example it is shown the result is lost when hypotheses and alternatives do not satisfy the condition of free combination of hypotheses and alternatives. It is shown that …

Beyond Bonferroni: Hierarchical Multiple Testing in Empirical Research
Sebastian Calonico, Sebastian Galiani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19610 https://arxiv…

Beyond Bonferroni: Hierarchical Multiple Testing in Empirical Research
Empirical research in the social and medical sciences frequently involves testing multiple hypotheses simultaneously, increasing the risk of false positives due to chance. Classical multiple testing procedures, such as the Bonferroni correction, control the family-wise error rate (FWER) but tend to be overly conservative, reducing statistical power. Stepwise alternatives like the Holm and Hochberg procedures offer improved power while maintaining error control under certain dependence structure…

Crosslisted article(s) found for cs.LO. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.LO/new
[1/1]:
- Logic of Hypotheses: from Zero to Full Knowledge in Neurosymbolic Integration
Davide Bizzaro, Alessandro Daniele

"Von der Einstellung" von Johann-Mattis List: https://wub.hypotheses.org/2895 "Ich habe […] mit mir persönlich vereinbart, dass ich mir fortan meine Forschung von niemandem mehr kaputtmachen lasse, ganz besonders nicht von mir selbst."

Iterative Hypothesis Pruning and Distribution-based Early Labeling for Sequential Hypothesis Testing
George Vershinin, Asaf Cohen, Omer Gurewitz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25908

Iterative Hypothesis Pruning and Distribution-based Early Labeling for Sequential Hypothesis Testing
We consider the problem where an active Decision-Maker (DM) is tasked to identify the true hypothesis using as few samples as possible while maintaining accuracy. The DM collects samples according to its determined actions and knows the distributions under each hypothesis. We propose the $Φ$-$Δ$ algorithm, a deterministic and adaptive multi-stage hypothesis-elimination algorithm where the DM selects an action, applies it repeatedly, and discards hypotheses in light of its obtained samples. Th…

Good to see at least some politicians realizing that you need to provide solutions that the voters need, not policies that the big donors like, the policies shaped by years of mindless repetition of Milton Friedman's failed economic hypotheses, policies based on "everyone knows - it's common sense" rather than actually looking at what works and what doesn't.
(And Friedman's nonsense has been a mantra since the 1970s, so everyone has heard the nonsense pre…

Good to see at least some politicians realizing that you need to provide solutions that the voters need, not policies that the big donors like, the policies shaped by years of mindless repetition of Milton Friedman's failed economic hypotheses, policies based on "everyone knows - it's common sense" rather than actually looking at what works and what doesn't.
(And Friedman's nonsense has been a mantra since the 1970s, so everyone has heard the nonsense pre…

CoPlanner: An Interactive Motion Planner with Contingency-Aware Diffusion for Autonomous Driving
Ruiguo Zhong, Ruoyu Yao, Pei Liu, Xiaolong Chen, Rui Yang, Jun Ma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17080

CoPlanner: An Interactive Motion Planner with Contingency-Aware Diffusion for Autonomous Driving
Accurate trajectory prediction and motion planning are crucial for autonomous driving systems to navigate safely in complex, interactive environments characterized by multimodal uncertainties. However, current generation-then-evaluation frameworks typically construct multiple plausible trajectory hypotheses but ultimately adopt a single most likely outcome, leading to overconfident decisions and a lack of fallback strategies that are vital for safety in rare but critical scenarios. Moreover, th…

A bit of distraction.
When I was a boy, in the 1950s, you heard people whistling everywhere. Delivery boys, building workers, shopkeepers.
Then, from some time in the 60s you've hardly heard it.
Why?
Hypotheses:
* Noisier streets (cars).
* Decline of singable popular music.
* Increased self-consciousness.
What do you think?

K-PACT: Kernel Planning for Adaptive Context Switching - A Framework for Clustering, Placement, and Prefetching in Spectrum Sensing
H. Umut Suluhan, Jiahao Lin, Serhan Gener, Chaitali Chakrabarti, Umit Ogras, Ali Akoglu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19662

K-PACT: Kernel Planning for Adaptive Context Switching - A Framework for Clustering, Placement, and Prefetching in Spectrum Sensing
Efficient wideband spectrum sensing requires rapid evaluation and re-evaluation of signal presence and type across multiple subchannels. These tasks involve multiple hypothesis testing, where each hypothesis is implemented as a decision tree workflow containing compute-intensive kernels, including FFT, matrix operations, and signal-specific analyses. Given dynamic nature of the spectrum environment, ability to quickly switch between hypotheses is essential for maintaining low-latency, high-thro…

Signal Detection under Composite Hypotheses with Identical Distributions for Signals and for Noises
Yiming Xing, Anamitra Chaudhuri, Yifan Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21692 …

Signal Detection under Composite Hypotheses with Identical Distributions for Signals and for Noises
In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting signals in multiple, sequentially observed data streams. For each stream, the exact distribution is unknown, but characterized by a parameter that takes values in either of two disjoint composite spaces depending on whether it is a signal or noise. Furthermore, we consider a practical yet underexplored setting where all signals share the same parameter, as do all noises. Compared to the unconstrained case where the parameters in all streams ar…

Elliptic unique continuation below the Lipschitz threshold
Cole Jeznach
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23614 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.23614

Elliptic unique continuation below the Lipschitz threshold
In this article, we investigate unique continuation principles for solutions $u$ of uniformly elliptic equations of the form $-\mathrm{div}(A \nabla u) = 0$ when $A$ is less regular than Lipschitz. For general matrices $A$, we prove that strong unique continuation holds provided that $A$ has modulus of continuity $ω$ satisfying the Osgood condition $\int_0^1 ω(t)^{-1}dt = \infty$, plus some other mild hypotheses. Along with the counterexamples of Mandache, this shows that the sharp condition …

Matching Large Deviation Bounds of the Zero-Range Process in the whole space
Benjamin Fehrman, Benjamin Gess, Daniel Heydecker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23452 https://

Matching Large Deviation Bounds of the Zero-Range Process in the whole space
We consider the large deviations of the hydrodynamic rescaling of the zero-range process on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ in any dimension $d\ge 1$. Under mild and canonical hypotheses on the local jump rate, we obtain matching upper and lower bounds, thus resolving the problem opened by \cite{KL99}. On the probabilistic side, we extend the superexponential estimate to any dimension, and prove the superexponential concentration on paths with finite entropy dissipation. In addition, we extend the theory of the…

Gods are primitive hypotheses which serve(d) to satisfy the human wish to explain phenomena that were/are not (yet) understood otherwise. Gods can therefore even be regarded as proto-scientific, putting the'theo' in theory, as it were.

As I will be leaving #OAPEN, the managing director wrote this blog. For me it feels a bit weird, like reading your obituary, but if you are looking for a job in the space of #OpenAccess #books and have t…

Change of technical leadership at OAPEN and DOAB
Shortly after the launch of the OAPEN project back in 2008, I remember that the project coordinator, Eelco Ferwerda at Amsterdam University Press (AUP) introduced a new colleague to the project: Ronald Snijder. Ronald was the Project Supervisor Digital Publications at AUP and introduced to support the technical coordination of the OAPEN project. After the … Continue reading "Change of technical leadership at OAPEN and DOAB"

Unequal Voices: How LLMs Construct Constrained Queer Narratives
Atreya Ghosal, Ashim Gupta, Vivek Srikumar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15585 https://…

Unequal Voices: How LLMs Construct Constrained Queer Narratives
One way social groups are marginalized in discourse is that the narratives told about them often default to a narrow, stereotyped range of topics. In contrast, default groups are allowed the full complexity of human existence. We describe the constrained representations of queer people in LLM generations in terms of harmful representations, narrow representations, and discursive othering and formulate hypotheses to test for these phenomena. Our results show that LLMs are significantly limited i…

Identifying close-in Jupiters that arrived via disk migration: Evidence of primordial alignment, preference of nearby companions and hint of runaway migration
Yugo Kawai, Akihiko Fukui, Noriharu Watanabe, Sho Fukazawa, Norio Narita
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16322

Identifying close-in Jupiters that arrived via disk migration: Evidence of primordial alignment, preference of nearby companions and hint of runaway migration
Two leading hypotheses for hot Jupiter migration are disk migration and high-eccentricity migration (HEM). Stellar obliquity is commonly used to distinguish them, as high obliquity often accompanies HEM. However, low obliquity does not guarantee disk migration, due to possible spin-orbit realignment or coplanar HEM. Seeking a proxy for disk migration, we investigate the idea that when the circularization timescale of a planet on circular orbit is longer than its age ($τ_\mathrm{cir} > τ_\math…

What to Ask Next? Probing the Imaginative Reasoning of LLMs with TurtleSoup Puzzles
Mengtao Zhou, Sifan Wu, Huan Zhang, Qi Sima, Bang Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10358 https:…

What to Ask Next? Probing the Imaginative Reasoning of LLMs with TurtleSoup Puzzles
We investigate the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) for imaginative reasoning--the proactive construction, testing, and revision of hypotheses in information-sparse environments. Existing benchmarks, often static or focused on social deduction, fail to capture the dynamic, exploratory nature of this reasoning process. To address this gap, we introduce a comprehensive research framework based on the classic "Turtle Soup" game, integrating a benchmark, an agent, and an evaluation protocol…

Efficient Cell Painting Image Representation Learning via Cross-Well Aligned Masked Siamese Network
Pin-Jui Huang, Yu-Hsuan Liao, SooHeon Kim, NoSeong Park, JongBae Park, DongMyung Shin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19896

Efficient Cell Painting Image Representation Learning via Cross-Well Aligned Masked Siamese Network
Computational models that predict cellular phenotypic responses to chemical and genetic perturbations can accelerate drug discovery by prioritizing therapeutic hypotheses and reducing costly wet-lab iteration. However, extracting biologically meaningful and batch-robust cell painting representations remains challenging. Conventional self-supervised and contrastive learning approaches often require a large-scale model and/or a huge amount of carefully curated data, still struggling with batch ef…

RAG-Boost: Retrieval-Augmented Generation Enhanced LLM-based Speech Recognition
Pengcheng Wang, Sheng Li, Takahiro Shinozaki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14048 https://

RAG-Boost: Retrieval-Augmented Generation Enhanced LLM-based Speech Recognition
In this paper, we propose RAG-Boost (ST-ShinozakiLab Task I system), which enhances the baseline LLM-based ASR system of the MLC-SLM Challenge (task I) with a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) module on the fly. Each partial ASR hypothesis queries a vector store of audio-text pairs and domain terms, and the retrieved results are fused with the live ASR hypotheses to fix recognition errors. The fused hypotheses are passed to the LLM, yielding improved responses.

On Euler systems and Nekov\'a\v{r}-Selmer complexes
Dominik Bullach, David Burns
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13894 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.13894

On Euler systems and Nekovář-Selmer complexes
We develop a theory of Euler and Kolyvagin systems relative to the Nekovář-Selmer complexes of $p$-adic representations over local complete Gorenstein rings. This is simultaneously finer, and requires weaker hypotheses, than the theory of Kolyvagin systems developed by Mazur and Rubin over discrete valuation rings and then by Sakamoto, Sano and the second author over Gorenstein rings. To illustrate its advantages, we prove new cases of Kato's generalised Iwasawa main conjecture for $\mathbb{Z…

Testing maximum entropy models with e-values
Francesca Giuffrida, Diego Garlaschelli, Peter Gr\"unwald
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01064 https://arxiv.…

Testing maximum entropy models with e-values
E-values have recently emerged as a robust and flexible alternative to p-values for hypothesis testing, especially under optional continuation, i.e., when additional data from further experiments are collected. In this work, we define optimal e-values for testing between maximum entropy models, both in the microcanonical (hard constraints) and canonical (soft constraints) settings. We show that, when testing between two hypotheses that are both microcanonical, the so-called growth-rate optimal …

hatten wir diese beiträge zur diskussion um #zettelkataloge schon?
"Zettels Alptraum – Zur geplanten Vernichtung des Berliner Zettelkatalogs" (Aus der Forschungs­bibliothek Krekelborn)
https://biblio.hypotheses.org/11304…

EECT: an Eccentricity Evolution Consistency Test to distinguish eccentric gravitational-wave signals from eccentricity mimickers
Sajad A. Bhat, Avinash Tiwari, Md Arif Shaikh, Shasvath J. Kapadia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14850

EECT: an Eccentricity Evolution Consistency Test to distinguish eccentric gravitational-wave signals from eccentricity mimickers
Eccentric compact binary coalescences (CBCs) are expected to be observed in current and future gravitational-wave (GW) detector networks. However, it has been recently pointed out that a number of other physical and beyond-GR effects, could imitate, or be mimicked by, eccentric CBCs. In this work, we propose a conceptually simple but powerful method to directly confirm or reject the eccentric hypothesis, without needing to compare the hypothesis with the plethora of other possible hypotheses. T…

Crosslisted article(s) found for math.ST. https://arxiv.org/list/math.ST/new
[1/1]:
- Leveraging the group structure of hypotheses for more powerful multiple testing with FDR control ...
Marina Bogomolov, Shinjini Nandi

Squares, scales and lines
James Cummings
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16755 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.16755

Squares, scales and lines
We use hypotheses from PCF theory to construct a linear ordering which has cardinality the successor of a singular cardinal of countable cofinality, and is incompact in the following sense: the ordering is not sigma-scattered, but every smaller subordering is sigma-wellordered. Such orderings were first constructed by Todorcevic using Jensen's square principle.

DP-SPRT: Differentially Private Sequential Probability Ratio Tests
Thomas Michel, Debabrota Basu, Emilie Kaufmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06377 https://…

DP-SPRT: Differentially Private Sequential Probability Ratio Tests
We revisit Wald's celebrated Sequential Probability Ratio Test for sequential tests of two simple hypotheses, under privacy constraints. We propose DP-SPRT, a wrapper that can be calibrated to achieve desired error probabilities and privacy constraints, addressing a significant gap in previous work. DP-SPRT relies on a private mechanism that processes a sequence of queries and stops after privately determining when the query results fall outside a predefined interval. This OutsideInterval mecha…

"Mit KI (Elicit) den Forschungsstand beschreiben – ein kritischer Erfahrungsbericht" @ Blog "Sozialwissenschaftliche Methodenberatung":
https://sozmethode.hypotheses.org/2943

A Comparison of the Bayesian Posterior Probability and the Frequentist $p$-Value in Testing Equivalence Hypotheses
Daniel Ochieng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19685 https://

A Comparison of the Bayesian Posterior Probability and the Frequentist $p$-Value in Testing Equivalence Hypotheses
Equivalence tests, otherwise known as parity or similarity tests, are frequently used in ``bioequivalence studies" to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. In this article, we propose an equivalence test using both the $p$-value and a Bayesian procedure by computing the posterior probability that the null hypothesis is true. Since these posterior probabilities follow the uniform $[0,1]$ distribution under the null hypothesis, we use them in a …

From Knowledge to Conjectures: A Modal Framework for Reasoning about Hypotheses
Fabio Vitali
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07304 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07…

From Knowledge to Conjectures: A Modal Framework for Reasoning about Hypotheses
This paper introduces a new family of cognitive modal logics designed to formalize conjectural reasoning: a modal system in which cognitive contexts extend known facts with hypothetical assumptions to explore their consequences. Unlike traditional doxastic and epistemic systems, conjectural logics rely on a principle, called Axiom C ($φ\rightarrow \Boxφ$), that ensures that all established facts are preserved across hypothetical layers. While Axiom C was dismissed in the past due to its assoc…

VirtLab: An AI-Powered System for Flexible, Customizable, and Large-scale Team Simulations
Mohammed Almutairi, Charles Chiang, Haoze Guo, Matthew Belcher, Nandini Banerjee, Maria Milkowski, Svitlana Volkova, Daniel Nguyen, Tim Weninger, Michael Yankoski, Trenton W. Ford, Diego Gomez-Zara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04634

VirtLab: An AI-Powered System for Flexible, Customizable, and Large-scale Team Simulations
Simulating how team members collaborate within complex environments using Agentic AI is a promising approach to explore hypotheses grounded in social science theories and study team behaviors. We introduce VirtLab, a user-friendly, customizable, multi-agent, and scalable team simulation system that enables testing teams with LLM-based agents in spatial and temporal settings. This system addresses the current frameworks' design and technical limitations that do not consider flexible simulation s…

An Acoustic Model for Sunquakes Unifying the Solar Interior and Atmosphere
John Stefan, Alexander Kosovichev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06848 https://arxiv…

An Acoustic Model for Sunquakes Unifying the Solar Interior and Atmosphere
One of the leading hypotheses for sunquake generation suggests that flare-accelerated particles originating from the reconnection site in the corona travel down to the chromosphere and photosphere, where they deposit energy through collisions and subsequently drive acoustic oscillations. To properly encompass this top-down excitation mechanism, we extend the domain of a semi-spectral 3D acoustic model of the global Sun up to several 10's of Mm above the photosphere, where the transition region …

Lipschitzianity of expected value under decision-dependent uncertainty with moving support
John Cotrina, Gonzalo Flores, David Salas, Anton Svensson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08252

Lipschitzianity of expected value under decision-dependent uncertainty with moving support
This paper addresses the problem of stochastic optimization with decision-dependent uncertainty, a class of problems where the probability distribution of the uncertain parameters is influenced by the decision-maker's actions. While recent literature primarily focuses on solving or analyzing these problems by directly imposing hypotheses on the distribution mapping, in this work we explore some of these properties for a specific construction by means of the moving support and a density function…

"Von subjektiven und objektiven Fällen" https://wub.hypotheses.org/2928

Tuning chiral anomaly signature in a Dirac semimetal via fast-ion implantation
Manasi Mandal, Eunbi Rha, Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, Denisse C\'ordova Carrizales, Alexander Lygo, Kevin B. Woller, Mouyang Cheng, Ryotaro Okabe, Guomin Zhu, Kiran Mak, Chu-Liang Fu, Chuhang Liu, Lijun Wu, Yimei Zhu, Susanne Stemmer, Mingda Li
https://ar…

Tuning chiral anomaly signature in a Dirac semimetal via fast-ion implantation
Cd$_3$As$_2$ is a prototypical Dirac semimetal that hosts a chiral anomaly and thereby functions as a platform to test high-energy physics hypotheses and to realize energy efficient applications. Here we use a combination of accelerator-based fast ion implantation and theory-driven planning to enhance the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (NLMR)--a signature of a chiral anomaly--in Nb-doped Cd$_3$As$_2$ thin films. High-energy ion implantation is commonly used to investigate semiconductor…

Hopf 2-cocycles of type $A_2$
Jos\'e Ignacio S\'anchez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06648 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.06648

Hopf 2-cocycles of type $A_2$
We compute the Hopf 2-cocycles involved in the classification of pointed Hopf algebras of diagonal type $A_2$. When the quantum Serre relations are deformed, we characterize those cocycles that can be recovered from Hochschild cohomology, via exponentiation. We identify some hypotheses that allow us to present general formulas that apply in our setting.

Testing Hypotheses regarding Covariance and Correlation matrices with the R package CovCorTest
Paavo Sattler, Svenja Jedhoff
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03406

Testing Hypotheses regarding Covariance and Correlation matrices with the R package CovCorTest
In addition to the commonly analyzed measures of location, dispersion measurements such as variance and correlation provide many valuable information. Consequently, they play a crucial role in multivariate statistics, which leads to tests regarding covariance and correlation matrices. Furthermore, also the structure of these matrices leads to important hypotheses of interest, since it contains substantial information about the underlying model. In fact, assumptions regarding the structures of c…

Leveraging the group structure of hypotheses for more powerful multiple testing with FDR control for the filtered rejection set
Marina Bogomolov, Shinjini Nandi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15444

Leveraging the group structure of hypotheses for more powerful multiple testing with FDR control for the filtered rejection set
Modern biological studies often involve testing many hypotheses organized in a group or a hierarchical structure, such as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). In these studies, researchers often wish to control the false discovery rate (FDR) after filtering the discoveries to obtain interpretable results. For addressing this goal, Katsevich, Sabatti, and Bogomolov (2023, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 118(541), 165-176) developed a general method, Focused BH, that guarantees FDR co…

"Sale of the Amsterdam University Press (AUP) film, media and communication list to Taylor & Francis – Resignation of series editors and editorial board members" https://mediastudies.hypotheses.org/6850

An Interval Type-2 Version of Bayes Theorem Derived from Interval Probability Range Estimates Provided by Subject Matter Experts
John T. Rickard, William A. Dembski, James Rickards
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08834

An Interval Type-2 Version of Bayes Theorem Derived from Interval Probability Range Estimates Provided by Subject Matter Experts
Bayesian inference is widely used in many different fields to test hypotheses against observations. In most such applications, an assumption is made of precise input values to produce a precise output value. However, this is unrealistic for real-world applications. Often the best available information from subject matter experts (SMEs) in a given field is interval range estimates of the input probabilities involved in Bayes Theorem. This paper provides two key contributions to extend Bayes Theo…

Modular analogs of character formulas and multiplicities of induced representations
Patrick Allen, Preston Wake, Robin Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06657 https://

Modular analogs of character formulas and multiplicities of induced representations
Let $G$ be a finite group, $k$ a characteristic-$p$ field, and $π$ be a simple $k[G]$-module. We show that if $π$ is in a $p$-nilpotent block with cyclic defect group, then $π$ appears with multiplicity at most one in the socle and cosocle of induced $k[G]$-modules that are multiplicity-free in characteristic zero and satisfy some additional hypotheses. We show that this applies, in particular, to certain Deligne--Lusztig modules $π$. As an application, we prove that well-known character fo…

Approaching Maximal Information Extraction in Low-Signal Regimes via Multiple Instance Learning
Atakan Azakli, Bernd Stelzer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07114 https://

Approaching Maximal Information Extraction in Low-Signal Regimes via Multiple Instance Learning
In this work, we propose a new machine learning (ML) methodology to obtain more precise predictions for some parameters of interest in a given hypotheses testing problem. Our proposed method also allows ML models to have more discriminative power in cases where it is extremely challenging for state-of-the-art classifiers to have any level of accurate predictions. This method can also allow us to systematically decrease the error from ML models in their predictions. In this paper, we provide a m…

A Hypothesis-First Framework for Mechanistic Model Evaluation and Selection in Neuroimaging
Dominic Boutet, Sylvain Baillet
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16070 https://

A Hypothesis-First Framework for Mechanistic Model Evaluation and Selection in Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging provides rich measurements of brain structure and neural activity, but turning these data into mechanistic insight remains difficult. Statistical models quantify associations without much considerations for how they arise, whereas bio-realistic models directly embody candidate mechanisms but remain hard to deploy rigorously without specialized training. We present a framework that recasts modeling choices as testable mechanistic hypotheses and supplies a simple protocol for rejecti…

Why did the dark matter hypothesis supersede modified gravity in the 1980s?
Antonis Antoniou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11598 https://

Why did the dark matter hypothesis supersede modified gravity in the 1980s?
In the 1960s and 1970s a series of observations and theoretical developments highlighted the presence of several anomalies which could, in principle, be explained by postulating one of the following two working hypotheses: (i) the existence of dark matter, or (ii) the modification of standard gravitational dynamics in low accelerations. In the years that followed, the dark matter hypothesis as an explanation for dark matter phenomenology attracted far more attention compared to the hypothesis o…

The Lovelace Test of Intelligence: Can Humans Recognise and Esteem AI-Generated Art?
Ewelina Gajewska
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11371 https://arxiv.org/pd…

The Lovelace Test of Intelligence: Can Humans Recognise and Esteem AI-Generated Art?
This study aims to evaluate machine intelligence through artistic creativity by employing a modified version of the Turing Test inspired by Lady Lovelace. It investigates two hypotheses: whether human judges can reliably distinguish AI-generated artworks from human-created ones and whether AI-generated art achieves comparable aesthetic value to human-crafted works. The research contributes to understanding machine creativity and its implications for cognitive science and AI technology. Particip…

Virtual Laboratories: Domain-agnostic workflows for research
Carlos Sevilla-Salcedo, Armi Tiihonen, Mahsa Asadi, Kevin Sebastian Luck, Aras Umut Erarslan, Arto Klami, Samuel Kaski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06271

Virtual Laboratories: Domain-agnostic workflows for research
Many scientific disciplines have traditionally advanced by iterating over hypotheses using labor-intensive trial-and-error, which is a slow and expensive process. Recent advances in computing, digitalization, and machine learning have introduced tools that promise to make scientific research faster by assisting in this iterative process. However, these advances are scattered across disciplines and only loosely connected, with specific computational methods being primarily developed for narrow d…

Testing Clustered Equal Predictive Ability with Unknown Clusters
Oguzhan Akgun, Alain Pirotte, Giovanni Urga, Zhenlin Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14621

Testing Clustered Equal Predictive Ability with Unknown Clusters
We develop new tests of clustered equal predictive ability (C-EPA) in panels where the clusters are unknown and estimated by a Panel Kmeans algorithm. This algorithm differs from the standard Kmeans algorithm by employing the time series variation of the panel rather than relying merely on time averages of observations. To address the challenge of testing hypotheses that depend on data-driven cluster estimates, we adopt a selective conditional inference framework. Specifically, we derive a Wald…

Generalized quantum Chernoff bound
Kun Fang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12889 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12889

Generalized quantum Chernoff bound
We establish a generalized quantum Chernoff bound for the discrimination of multiple sets of quantum states, thereby extending the classical and quantum Chernoff bounds to the general setting of composite and correlated quantum hypotheses. Specifically, we consider the task of distinguishing whether a quantum system is prepared in a state from one of several convex, compact sets of quantum states, each of which may exhibit arbitrary correlations. Assuming their stability under tensor product, w…

Multi-Qubit Golden Gates
Rahul Dalal, Shai Evra, Ori Parzanchevski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09047 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09047

Multi-Qubit Golden Gates
Our goal in this paper is to construct optimal topological generators for compact unitary Lie groups, extending the work of a letter of Sarnak and arXiv:1704.02106 on golden and super-golden gates to higher dimensions. To do so we consider a variant of the Sarnak--Xue Density Hypotheses in the weight aspect for definite projective unitary groups and prove it using the endoscopic classification of automorphic representations. Our main motivation is to construct efficient multi-qubit universal …

Optimal Transport Based Testing in Factorial Design
Michel Groppe, Linus Niem\"oller, Shayan Hundrieser, David Ventzke, Anna Blob, Sarah K\"oster, Axel Munk
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13970

Optimal Transport Based Testing in Factorial Design
We introduce a general framework for testing statistical hypotheses for probability measures supported on finite spaces, which is based on optimal transport (OT). These tests are inspired by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its nonparametric counterparts. They allow for testing linear relationships in factorial designs between discrete probability measures and are based on pairwise comparisons of the OT distance and corresponding barycenters. To this end, we derive under the null hypotheses…

Symmetry breaking for inductive logic programming
Andrew Cropper, David M. Cerna, Matti J\"arvisalo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06263 https://arxiv.org…

Symmetry breaking for inductive logic programming
The goal of inductive logic programming is to search for a hypothesis that generalises training data and background knowledge. The challenge is searching vast hypothesis spaces, which is exacerbated because many logically equivalent hypotheses exist. To address this challenge, we introduce a method to break symmetries in the hypothesis space. We implement our idea in answer set programming. Our experiments on multiple domains, including visual reasoning and game playing, show that our approach …

YSES 2b is a background star: Differential astrometric M-dwarf measurements in time
Matthew Kenworthy, Tomas Stolker, Jens Kammerer, William Balmer, Arthur Vigan, Sylvestre Lacour, Gilles Otten, Eric Mamajek, Christian Ginski, Mathias Nowak, Steven Martos, Jason Wang, Emily Rickman, Markus Janson, Alexander Bohn, Mariangela Bonavita
https://

YSES 2b is a background star: Differential astrometric M-dwarf measurements in time
We wish to confirm the nature of YSES 2b, a purportedly faint companion of the young star YSES 2. We used on-sky observations from SPHERE and GRAVITY to measure the astrometric position of 2b with respect to the star YSES 2, and examined the competing hypotheses of (i) a bound substellar companion versus (ii) a distant unrelated background source with a non-zero proper motion. YSES 2b appears to be a late-type M-dwarf star over 2 kiloparsecs behind the star YSES 2. It has a transverse velocity …

Kilohertz Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Full Spectrum Analyses and High-density Constraints on Neutron Star Matter
Giulia Huez, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Matteo Breschi, Rossella Gamba
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06293

Kilohertz Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Full Spectrum Analyses and High-density Constraints on Neutron Star Matter
We demonstrate Bayesian analyses of the complete gravitational-wave spectrum of binary neutron star mergers events with the next-generation detector Einstein Telescope. Our mock analyses are performed for 20 different signals using the TEOBResumSPA_NRPMw waveform that models gravitational-waves from the inspiral to the postmerger phase. They are employed to validate a pipeline for neutron star's extreme matter constraints with prospective detections and under minimal hypotheses on the equation …

An adaptive procedure for detecting replicated signals with $k$-family-wise error rate control
Ninh Tran
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15363 https://arxiv.org…

An adaptive procedure for detecting replicated signals with $k$-family-wise error rate control
Partial conjunction (PC) hypothesis testing is widely used to assess the replicability of scientific findings across multiple comparable studies. In high-throughput meta-analyses, testing a large number of PC hypotheses with k-family-wise error rate (k-FWER) control often suffers from low statistical power due to the multiplicity burden. The state-of-the-art AdaFilter-Bon procedure by Wang et al. (2022, Ann. Stat., 50(4), 1890-1909) alleviates this problem by filtering out hypotheses unlikely t…

Congruences of $p$-adic $L$-functions of modular forms at non-ordinary primes
Raiza Corpuz, Antonio Lei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09733 https://arxiv.org/…

Congruences of $p$-adic $L$-functions of modular forms at non-ordinary primes
We present an analogue of Greenberg-Vatsal's and Emerton-Pollack-Weston's results on congruences of $p$-adic $L$-functions for $p$-non-ordinary cuspidal eigenforms $f$ and $g$ of equal weight that are $p$-congruent. In particular, we prove that the Iwasawa invariants of the analytic and algebraic signed $p$-adic $L$-functions of $f$ and $g$ are related by explicit formulae under appropriate hypotheses. We also show under the same assumptions that provided the algebraic and analytic $μ$-invaria…

Comparative Firm-Level Analysis of ESG and Sentiment Effects on Stock Market Performance: Evidence from 16 Companies Using Retrofitted Sentiment Embeddings
Sangdeok Lee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11485

Comparative Firm-Level Analysis of ESG and Sentiment Effects on Stock Market Performance: Evidence from 16 Companies Using Retrofitted Sentiment Embeddings
This study investigates how emotion-specific sentiment embedded in financial news headlines interacts with firm-level ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) ratings to influence stock return behavior. Using data from 16 firms and integrating retrofitted word embeddings with ESG metrics, the analysis evaluates three hypotheses: (1) emotion-specific sentiment independently predicts stock returns; (2) its moderating effect varies across ESG dimensions; and (3) positive (negative) sentiment am…

On Shelah's Approachability Ideal
Hannes Jakob, Alejandro Poveda
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04374 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.04374

On Shelah's Approachability Ideal
We solve a long-standing open problem of Shelah regarding the \emph{Approachability Ideal} $I[κ^+]$. Given a singular cardinal $\aleph_γ$, a regular cardinal $μ\in (\mathrm{cf}(γ),\aleph_γ)$ and assuming appropriate large cardinal hypotheses, we construct a model of $\mathsf{ZFC}$ in which $\aleph_{γ+1} \cap \mathrm{cof}(μ) \notin I[\aleph_{γ+1}]$. This provides a definitive answer to a question of Shelah from the 80's. In addition, assuming large cardinals, we construct a model of $\ma…

Unified theory of testing relevant hypothesis in functional time series
Leheng Cai, Qirui Hu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18624 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.18…

Unified theory of testing relevant hypothesis in functional time series
In this paper, we present a general framework for testing relevant hypotheses in functional time series. Our unified approach covers one-sample, two-sample, and change point problems under contaminated observations with arbitrary sampling schemes. By employing B-spline estimators and the self-normalization technique, we propose nuisance-parameter-free testing procedures, obviating the need for additional procedures such as estimating long-run covariance or measurement-error variance functions. …

Holistic Versus Fragmented Multiverses: Empirical Access via Causal and Grounding Signatures
Baptiste Le Bihan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04918 https://arx…

Holistic Versus Fragmented Multiverses: Empirical Access via Causal and Grounding Signatures
Can multiverse hypotheses ever receive empirical support? Critics argue that multiverse scenarios posit unobservable entities, face severe underdetermination, or fall outside the bounds of science. This chapter challenges that view by offering a naturalistic metaphysical counterpoint to Bayesian approaches, distinguishing fragmented from holistic multiverses. Scientific proposals are almost always holistic: they embed universes within a unifying physical or metaphysical structure that can, in p…

Calibrated Reifenberg With Holes
Susanna Bertolini, Alessandro Preti, Daniele Valtorta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07731 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07731

Calibrated Reifenberg With Holes
In this article, we study a calibrated version of Reifenberg theorem "with holes". In particular we study sets that are suitably approximable at all points and scales by calibrated planes and show that, without any additional hypotheses on $β$-numbers, this implies measure upper bounds and rectifiability. This article follows the main techniques introduced in a previous article, but it allows for holes in the sets under consideration, and is more self-contained.

Testen statistischer Funktionale f\"ur Zweistichprobenprobleme
Vladimir Ostrovski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08373 https://arxiv…

Testen statistischer Funktionale für Zweistichprobenprobleme
The theory of testing statistical functionals is developed for non-parametric two-sample problems. For differentiable real-valued statistical functionals, some tests for the one-sided and two-sided cases are proposed and studied. The asymptotic power function is computed along implicit alternatives and hypotheses and compared with upper bounds for the power functions of tests for limit experiments. It is shown that the proposed tests are locally asymptotically most powerful under weak assumptio…

Significant inference and confidence sets for graphical models
P. A. Koldanov, A. P. Koldanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12292 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.1…

Significant inference and confidence sets for graphical models
The problem of identifying statistically significant inferences about the structure of the graphical model is considered, along with the related task of constructing a confidence set for a graphical model. It has been proven that the procedure for constructing such set is equivalent to the procedure for simultaneous testing of hypotheses and alternatives regarding the composition of the graphical model. Some variants of the simultaneous testing of hypotheses and alternatives are discussed. It i…

"Nützliche KI-Prompts zur Qualitätssicherung von Wikipedia-Artikeln" https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Sinuhe20/QS_mit_KI
[via …

MOVER: Combining Multiple Meeting Recognition Systems
Naoyuki Kamo, Tsubasa Ochiai, Marc Delcroix, Tomohiro Nakatani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05055 https://

MOVER: Combining Multiple Meeting Recognition Systems
In this paper, we propose Meeting recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (MOVER), a novel system combination method for meeting recognition tasks. Although there are methods to combine the output of diarization (e.g., DOVER) or automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems (e.g., ROVER), MOVER is the first approach that can combine the outputs of meeting recognition systems that differ in terms of both diarization and ASR. MOVER combines hypotheses with different time intervals and speaker label…

Long time behavior and Yaglom limit for real trait-structured Birth and Death Processes
Pierre Collet (CPHT), Sylvie M\'el\'eard (MERGE, CMAP), Jaime San (CMM)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04089 …

Long time behavior and Yaglom limit for real trait-structured Birth and Death Processes
In this article we study the long time behaviour of measure-valued birth and death processes in continuous time, where the dynamics between jumps are one-dimensional Markov processes including diffusion and jumps. We consider the three regimes, critical, subcritical and supercritical. Under suitable hypotheses on the Feynman-Kac semigroup, we prove a new recurrence for the moments and the extinction probability, their time asymptotics and the convergence in law for the measure-valued birth and …

Validity and Power of Heavy-Tailed Combination Tests under Asymptotic Dependence
Lin Gui, Tiantian Mao, Jingshu Wang, Ruodu Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05818 https://…

Validity and Power of Heavy-Tailed Combination Tests under Asymptotic Dependence
Heavy-tailed combination tests, such as the Cauchy combination test and harmonic mean p-value method, are widely used for testing global null hypotheses by aggregating dependent p-values. However, their theoretical guarantees under general dependence structures remain limited. We develop a unified framework using multivariate regularly varying copulas to model the joint behavior of p-values near zero. Within this framework, we show that combination tests remain asymptotically valid when the tra…

Meta-Analysis with JASP, Part II: Bayesian Approaches
Franti\v{s}ek Barto\v{s}, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09850 https://arxiv.org/pdf…

Meta-Analysis with JASP, Part II: Bayesian Approaches
Bayesian inference is on the rise, partly because it allows researchers to quantify parameter uncertainty, evaluate evidence for competing hypotheses, incorporate model ambiguity, and seamlessly update knowledge as information accumulates. All of these advantages apply to the meta-analytic settings; however, advanced Bayesian meta-analytic methodology is often restricted to researchers with programming experience. In order to make these tools available to a wider audience, we implemented state-…

A Relativity-Based Framework for Statistical Testing Guided by the Independence of Ancillary Statistics: Methodology and Nonparametric Illustrations
Albert Vexler, Douglas Landsittel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11816

A Relativity-Based Framework for Statistical Testing Guided by the Independence of Ancillary Statistics: Methodology and Nonparametric Illustrations
This paper introduces a decision-theoretic framework for constructing and evaluating test statistics based on their relationship with ancillary statistics-quantities whose distributions remain fixed under the null and alternative hypotheses. Rather than focusing solely on maximizing discriminatory power, the proposed approach emphasizes reducing dependence between a test statistic and relevant ancillary structures. We show that minimizing such dependence can yield most powerful (MP) procedures.…

Specification Tests for the Error--Law in Vector Multiplicative Errors Models
\v{S}\'arka Hudecov\'a, Simos G. Meintanis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06732 https://…

Specification Tests for the Error--Law in Vector Multiplicative Errors Models
We suggest specification tests for the error distribution in vector multiplicative error models (vMEM). The test statistic is formulated as a weighted integrated distance between the parametric estimator of the Laplace transform of the null distribution and its empirical counterpart computed from the residuals. Asymptotic results are obtained under both the null and alternative hypotheses. If the Laplace transform of the null distribution is not available in closed form, we propose a test stati…